Hurun Report Releases Immigration and the Chinese Hnwis 2018 in Association with Visas Consulting Group
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Average Net Worth of Billionaires by Country: 2013 Hurun Rich List
Average Net Worth of Billionaires by Country: 2013 Hurun Rich List B. C. Forbes, the founder of Forbes magazine, published the most authoritative and first ever list of 30 wealthiest Americans on March 2, 1918. John D Rockefeller, America’s first billionaire, heads this first ever list, with a fortune of $1.2 billion. Then, in 1982 Forbes started publishing the list of 400 wealthiest Americans which changed the way Americans look at the very rich. The first 400 list in 1982 had only 13 billionaires and a net worth $75 million was enough to secure a spot, Ref. [4]. By 2006, all 400 spots were occupied by billionaires. Following the financial crisis of 2008, when many billionaires saw their fortunes plunge, the minimum net worth to enter the list had fallen below $1 billion (to $950 million) but was back up to $1 billion by 2010; see Ref. [4]. In 2011, the price for entry was $1.05 billion, Ref. [5]. Table 1: Comparison of the Forbes and Hurun Rich lists Forbes 2013 Hurun 2013 Billionaires Rich List Worldwide billionaires, N 1426 1453 Number of countries 64 56 Combined worldwide wealth, UN $5.425 trillion $5.491 trillion US billionaires, N 442 409 US combined net worth, UN $1.872 trillion $1.712 trillion Chinese billionaires, N 122 317 Chinese combined net worth $262.91 billion $810.1 billion About $550 billion added to Chinese wealth and $160 billion taken away from US wealth, implying a significant difference in the wealth distribution among billionaires from the other countries (56 versus 64) in these two lists. -
A Study on China's Measures for the Decoupling of the Economic Growth
Abstract: Since the reform and opening-up in 1978, China’s economy has been growing for decades. At the same time, the total energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are increasing, which cause the dual pressure of energy supply and ecological environment. With the development of technology, the adjustment of energy consumption structure, Documento de Trabajo and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, China has put great efforts Serie Política de la Competencia y Regulación on the increasing of energy efficiency and decreasing of fossil energy consumption, which Número 61 / 2020 results in the decline of carbon intensity and the gradual decoupling of China’s economic growth and carbon emissions. It is significant to study the main reasons for the decoupling between China’s economic growth and carbon emissions, and to discuss the measures for the decoupling is momentous for exploring a green, low-carbon and sustainable development path for future in China. A Study on China’s Measures for the Decoupling of the Economic Growth Keywords: Decoupling; economic growth; emission; energy consumption. and the Carbon Emission Rao Lei Gao Min Partners of the Jean Monnet Network Jean Monet Network EU-China: Comparative experiences and contributions to global governance Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Fudan University College London Université Catholique in the fields of climate change, trade University de Louvain and competition Real Instituto Universitario de Estudios Europeos ISBN: 978-84-17385-95-8 Ref. 587904–EPP–1–2017–1-ES-EPPJMO-NETWORK Universidad CEU San Pablo Avda. del Valle 21, 28003 Madrid Teléfono: 91 514 04 22 | Fax: 91 514 04 28 [email protected], www.idee.ceu.es Documento de Trabajo Política de la Competencia y Regulación Número 61 / 2020 A Study on China’s Measures for the Decoupling of the Economic Growth and the Carbon Emission Rao Lei*1, Gao Min2 1,2 School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China. -
Vol. 2 No. 17 Apr. 24, 2020
Vol. 2 No. 17 Apr. 24, 2020 Announcements The 13th World Malaria Day — April 25, 2020 277 Vital Surveillance Imported Malaria Cases — China, 2012–2018 278 Preplanned Studies Malaria Diagnosis and Verification — China, 2017-2018 285 The “1-3-7” Approach to Malaria Surveillance and Response — Henan Province, China, 2012−2018 289 Recollection Approaching Malaria Elimination in China 293 China CDC Weekly Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief George F. Gao Deputy Editor-in-Chief Liming Li Gabriel M Leung Zijian Feng Executive Editor Feng Tan Members of the Editorial Board Xiangsheng Chen Xiaoyou Chen Zhuo Chen (USA) Xianbin Cong Gangqiang Ding Xiaoping Dong Mengjie Han Guangxue He Xi Jin Biao Kan Haidong Kan Qun Li Tao Li Zhongjie Li Min Liu Qiyong Liu Jinxing Lu Huiming Luo Huilai Ma Jiaqi Ma Jun Ma Ron Moolenaar (USA) Daxin Ni Lance Rodewald (USA) RJ Simonds (USA) Ruitai Shao Yiming Shao Xiaoming Shi Yuelong Shu Xu Su Chengye Sun Dianjun Sun Hongqiang Sun Quanfu Sun Xin Sun Jinling Tang Kanglin Wan Huaqing Wang Linhong Wang Guizhen Wu Jing Wu Weiping Wu Xifeng Wu (USA) Zunyou Wu Fujie Xu (USA) Wenbo Xu Hong Yan Hongyan Yao Zundong Yin Hongjie Yu Shicheng Yu Xuejie Yu (USA) Jianzhong Zhan Liubo Zhang Rong Zhang Tiemei Zhang Wenhua Zhao Yanlin Zhao Zhijie Zheng (USA) Maigeng Zhou Xiaonong Zhou Baoping Zhu (USA) Advisory Board Director of the Advisory Board Xinhua Li Vice-Director of the Advisory Board Yu Wang Jianjun Liu Members of the Advisory Board Chen Fu Gauden Galea (Malta) Dongfeng Gu Qing Gu Yan Guo Ailan Li Jiafa Liu Peilong Liu Yuanli Liu (USA) Roberta Ness (USA) Guang Ning Minghui Ren Chen Wang Hua Wang Kean Wang Xiaoqi Wang Zijun Wang Fan Wu Xianping Wu Jianguo Xu Gonghuan Yang Tilahun Yilma (USA) Guang Zeng Xiaopeng Zeng Yonghui Zhang Editorial Office Directing Editor Feng Tan Managing Editors Lijie Zhang Qian Zhu Scientific Editors Ning Wang Ruotao Wang Editors Weihong Chen Yu Chen Peter Hao (USA) Xudong Li Jingxin Li Xi Xu Qing Yue Ying Zhang Cover Image:3D illustration of blood cell, Plasmodium causing malaria illness (adapted from https://www.vcg.com/). -
China Consumer Close-Up
January 13, 2015 The Asian Consumer: A new series Equity Research China Consumer Close-up The who, what and why of China’s true consumer class Few investing challenges have proven more elusive than understanding the Chinese consumer. Efforts to translate the promise of an emerging middle class into steady corporate earnings have been uneven. In the first of a new series on the Asian consumer, we seek to strip the problem back to the basics: Who are the consumers with spending power, what drives their consumption and how will that shift over time? The result is a new approach that yields surprising results. Joshua Lu Goldman Sachs does and seeks to do business with +852-2978-1024 [email protected] companies covered in its research reports. As a result, Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C. investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Sho Kawano Investors should consider this report as only a single factor +81(3)6437-9905 [email protected] Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd. in making their investment decision. For Reg AC certification and other important disclosures, see the Disclosure Becky Lu Appendix, or go to www.gs.com/research/hedge.html. +852-2978-0953 [email protected] Analysts employed by non- US affiliates are not registered/ Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C. qualified as research analysts with FINRA in the U.S. January 13, 2015 Asia Pacific: Retail Table of contents PM Summary: A holistic view of the Asian consumer 3 China’s cohort in a regional context (a preview of India and Indonesia) 8 What they are buying and what they will buy next: Tracking 7 consumption desires 11 Seven consumption desires in focus 14 1. -
The Chinese Luxury Traveller 2018 Executive Summary
VIEW from ILTM REPORT THE CHINESE LUXURY TRAVELLER 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Photo by Yiran Ding VIEW from ILTM REPORT FOREWORD The Hurun Research Institute and ILTM China have joined forces to release The Chinese Luxury Traveller 2018 for the eight successive year. The report is based on deep research into travel preferences and consumption among Chinese high-end travellers, and the trends expected to arise in future. The data behind the research are global high-end travel industry leader, drawn from the Chinese Luxury for the twelfth successive year, and Travel and Lifestyle Survey 2018, a that we have collaborated to release cooperative venture between Hurun the Chinese Luxury Traveller for the Report and four travel agencies, past eight years, to explore the trends namely DIADEMA, MAGIC TRAVEL, and trajectories of the high-end ZANADU and 8 Continents. travel market.” The quantitative survey encompasses ILTM China Event Manager Andy data from 236 respondents hailing Ventris added, “ILTM China has been from 43 cities nationwide, including created as a platform for the most first-tier cities such as Beijing, valuable luxury travel advisors from Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, across China to meet with the world’s and second- and third-tier cities such very best luxury travel providers. We as Xi’an, Qingdao, Hangzhou, Nanjing, are delighted to once again partner Nanchang, Qingdao, Dalian and with Hurun Report, who are a leading Suzhou. Further details concerning voice in the conversation concerning the respondents demographic can be China’s high-net worth consumers. found in the methodology. The findings of the Chinese Luxury Traveller 2018 will continue to help Rupert Hoogewerf, Chairman & our partners and clients grow their Chief Researcher of Hurun Report, businesses in this region.” said: “Chinese high-end travellers more and more recognise the value The following report includes insights of services, and are less concerned such as the emergence of parent- about the prices compared to the child travel, the rise of holiday home past. -
China: a New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development?
land Article China: A New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development? Hongzhang Xu 1,2,3,* , Jamie Pittock 1,3 and Katherine A. Daniell 1,3 1 Fenner School of Environment and Society, 48 Linnaeus Way, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected] (J.P.); [email protected] (K.A.D.) 2 Australian Centre on China in the World, Building 188, Fellows Lane, Acton, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 3 Institute for Water Futures, 48 Linnaeus Way, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-(0)-026-125-3503 Abstract: The adverse effects of rapid urbanization are of global concern. Careful planning for and accommodation of accelerating urbanization and citizenization (i.e., migrants gaining official urban residency) may be the best approach to limit some of the worst impacts. However, we find that another trajectory may be possible: one linked to the rural development plan adopted in the latest Chinese national development strategy. This plan aims to build rural areas as attractive areas for settlement by 2050 rather than to further urbanize with more people in cities. We assess the political motivations and challenges behind this choice to develop rural areas based on a literature review and empirical case analysis. After assessing the rural and urban policy subsystem, we find five socio-political drivers behind China’s rural development strategy, namely ensuring food security, promoting culture and heritage, addressing overcapacity, emphasizing environmental protection and eradicating poverty. To develop rural areas, China needs to effectively resolve three dilemmas: (1) implementing decentralized policies under central supervision; (2) deploying limited resources Citation: Xu, H.; Pittock, J.; Daniell, efficiently to achieve targets; and (3) addressing competing narratives in current policies. -
The Impacts and Unintended Consequences of the Nationwide
Zhang et al. BMC Health Services Research (2020) 20:1058 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05849-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The impacts and unintended consequences of the nationwide pricing reform for drugs and medical services in the urban public hospitals in China Xiaoxi Zhang1†, Hongyu Lai2†, Lidan Zhang3, Jiangjiang He1,BoFu2* and Chunlin Jin1 Abstract Background: Since 2015, China has been rolling out the pricing reform for drugs and medical services (PRDMS) in the urban public hospitals in order to reduce drug expenditures and to relieve financial burdens of patients. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the reform and investigating its positive impacts and unintended consequences to provide evidence basis for further policy making. Methods: The Difference-in-difference (DID) approach was employed to analyze the reform impacts on the 31 provincial administrative areas in China based on data abstracted from China Statistics Yearbooks and China Health Statistics Yearbooks from 2012 to 2018. Results: The reform resulted in a decrease of 7.59% in drug cost per outpatient visit, a decrease of 5.73% in drug cost per inpatient admission, a decrease of 3.63% in total cost per outpatient visit and an increase of 9.10% in surgery cost per inpatient admission in the intervention group. However, no significant change in examination cost was found. The reduction in the medical cost per inpatient admission was not yet demonstrated, nor was that in the total outpatient/ inpatient expenses. The nationwide pricing reform for drugs and medical services in urban public hospitals (PRDMS-U) in China is demonstrated to be effective in cutting down the drug expenditures. -
Evident PM2.5 Drops in the East of China Due to the COVID-19 2 Quarantines in February
1 Evident PM2.5 Drops in the East of China due to the COVID-19 2 Quarantines in February 3 Zhicong Yin 123, Yijia Zhang1, Huijun Wang123, Yuyan Li1 4 1Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education / Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and 5 Environment Change (ILCEC) / Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters 6 (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China 7 2Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China 8 3Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 9 Correspondence to: Zhicong Yin ([email protected]) 10 Abstract. The top-level emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic involved an exhaustive quarantine in China. The 11 impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on the decline in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were quantitatively assessed based on 12 numerical simulations and observations in February. Relative to both of February 2017 and climate mean, anomalous 13 southerlies and moister air occurred in the east of China in February 2020, which caused considerable PM2.5 anomalies. Thus, 14 it is a must to disentangle the contributions of stable meteorology from the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown. The 15 contributions of routine emission reductions were also quantitatively extrapolated. The top-level emergency response 16 substantially alleviated the level of haze pollution in the east of China. Although climate variability elevated the PM2.5 by 29% 17 (relative to 2020 observations), 59% decline related to COVID-19 pandemic and 20% decline from the expected pollution 18 regulation dramatically exceeded the former in North China. -
Modeling Investigation of Brown Carbon Aerosol and Its Light Absorption in China
atmosphere Article Modeling Investigation of Brown Carbon Aerosol and Its Light Absorption in China Yong Zhu 1,2, Qiaoqiao Wang 1,2,*, Xiajie Yang 1,2, Ning Yang 1,2 and Xurong Wang 1,2 1 Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (N.Y.); [email protected] (X.W.) 2 Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Brown carbon (BrC) is a type of organic carbon with light-absorbing abilities, especially in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which could significantly contribute to global warming. Observations have shown high BrC concentrations and absorption in China, suggesting potentially large BrC emissions. The potential contribution of fossil fuel combustion to BrC emission has been ignored in most previous studies. Here, we use GEOS-Chem to simulate BrC distribution and absorption in China, accounting for three major primary BrC sources: residential coal and biofuel combustion, vehicle exhausts, and open biomass burning. Based on the literature and related energy consumption data, we estimate the specific emission ratio of BrC versus BC, and BrC mass absorption efficiency (MAE) for each source. Combined with BC emission, total BrC emission in China is then estimated to be 3.42 Tg yr−1 in 2018, of which 71% is from residential combustion, 14% is from vehicle exhaust, and 15% is from open biomass burning. Residential combustion is the main source of surface BrC in China, accounting for 60% on average, followed by open biomass burning (23%) and vehicle exhaust emissions (17%). -
China's Propensity for Innovation in the 21St Century
C O R P O R A T I O N STEVEN W. POPPER, MARJORY S. BLUMENTHAL, EUGENIU HAN, SALE LILLY, LYLE J. MORRIS, CAROLINE S. WAGNER, CHRISTOPHER A. EUSEBI, BRIAN CARLSON, ALICE SHIH China's Propensity for Innovation in the 21st Century Identifying Indicators of Future Outcomes For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA208-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0596-8 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Blackboard/Adobe Stock; RomoloTavani/Getty Images Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions -
An Analysis of China's Africa Strategy Through a Case Study of China's
UNDERSTANDING CHINA IN AFRICA An analysis of China’s Africa strategy through a case study of China’s engagement and interests in Ethiopia and Rwanda Vincent Hoffmans – 1031564 Master Thesis – International Development Studies Supervisor: Prof. dr. E. (Ewout) Frankema July 13th, 2021 1 “Is China an enemy of the Western-led liberal global order, or will she blend in? Does China aspire to conquer the world with an own ideology, like the Soviet Union and the United States? The short answer is: none of the above. China is its own kind of world power” (Dams, 2019, p. 189), own translation. 2 Abbreviations AU African Union BRI Belt and Road Initiative CARI China Africa Research Initiative CCP Chinese Communist Party DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo FOCAC Forum on China-Africa Cooperation EAC East African Community ECOWAS Economic Community of West-African States EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GPE Global Political Economy IMF International Monetary Fund IR International Relations SEZ Special Economic Zone SSA Sub-Saharan Africa SOE State Owned Enterprise PLA People’s Liberation Army PRC People’s Republic of China UN United Nations UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa US United States of America WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization Word count: 20825, excluding quotes. 3 Abstract Since the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), Beijing’s intentions and interests in Africa have shifted. Among scholars there is agreement about the two main contemporary Chinese interests in Africa: securing access to strategic resources, and benefitting from Africa’s growing consumer and labor markets. -
The Wealth Report
THE WEALTH REPORT A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON PRIME PROPERTY AND WEALTH 2011 THE SMALL PRINT TERMS AND DEFINITIONS HNWI is an acronym for ‘high-net-worth individual’, a person whose investible assets, excluding their principal residence, total between $1m and $10m. An UHNWI (ultra-high-net-worth individual) is a person whose investible assets, excluding their primary residence, are valued at over $10m. The term ‘prime property’ equates to the most desirable, and normally most expensive, property in a defined location. Commonly, but not exclusively, prime property markets are areas where demand has a significant international bias. The Wealth Report was written in late 2010 and early 2011. Due to rounding, some percentages may not add up to 100. For research enquiries – Liam Bailey, Knight Frank LLP, 55 Baker Street, London W1U 8AN +44 (0)20 7861 5133 Published on behalf of Knight Frank and Citi Private Bank by Think, The Pall Mall Deposit, 124-128 Barlby Road, London, W10 6BL. THE WEALTH REPORT TEAM FOR KNIGHT FRANK Editor: Andrew Shirley Assistant editor: Vicki Shiel Director of research content: Liam Bailey International data coordinator: Kate Everett-Allen Marketing: Victoria Kinnard, Rebecca Maher Public relations: Rosie Cade FOR CITI PRIVATE BANK Marketing: Pauline Loohuis Public relations: Adam Castellani FOR THINK Consultant editor: Ben Walker Creative director: Ewan Buck Chief sub-editor: James Debens Sub-editor: Jasmine Malone Senior account manager: Kirsty Grant Managing director: Polly Arnold Illustrations: Raymond Biesinger (covers), Peter Field (portraits) Infographics: Leonard Dickinson, Paul Wooton, Mikey Carr Images: 4Corners Images, Getty Images, Bridgeman Art Library PRINTING Ronan Daly at Pureprint Group Limited DISCLAIMERS KNIGHT FRANK The Wealth Report is produced for general interest only; it is not definitive.