Mihail Manoilescu Et L'attitude Envers L

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Mihail Manoilescu Et L'attitude Envers L id16375671 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ’ MIHAIL MANOILESCU ET L ATTITUDE ’ ’ ENVERS L ORTHODOXIE ET L EGLISE Adina Grigore ã relaþia cu biserica ºi opiniile cu privire la ortodoxie ale lui REZUMAT: Articolul prezint în viaþa politicã a Mihail Manoilescu, fondator de doctrine economice, om politic ce s-a implicat activ âniei interbelice, profesor de economie politicã la Politehnica din Bucureºti, publicist ºi autor de Rom þã. Adept convins al creºtinismului, Manoilescu se pronunþã pentru o „ortodoxie activã”, o nouã referin ã care sã se imp în viaþa socialã. Astfel, la baza oricãrei societãþi umane ar trebui sã stea douã biseric lice ºi familia. Statul român modern, în viziunea lui Mihail Manoilescu nu ar trebui sã elemente: religia ãsurile în favoarea separeu biserica de stat. De altfel, acest om politic s-a remarcat tocmai prin m ºi a clerului din timpul mandatului sãu de subsecretar de stat la finanþe. bisericii économiques, homme politique impliqué dans l’activité Fondateur de doctrines ’époque de l’entre – gouvernementale et parlementaire de l deux guerres, professeur ’économie politique à la Polytechnique de Bucureº d ti (1931-1944), publiciste et auteur éférence, Mihail Manoilescu occupera diverses charges politiques pendant une de r époque tumultueuse et fervente, il a été nommé sous -directeur et directeur dans le ère de l’industrie et du commerce (1919 1 étaire d’État aux Minist -1920) , sous-secr Finances dans le gouvernement Alexandru Averescu, ministre des travaux publics et des ’industrie et du commerce et même g communications, on bien ministre de l ouverneur de ², pendant la prem ère étape du règne de Carol II la Banque Nationale i . Comme ministre étrangères (4 juillet „dans le gouvernement du désespoir des Affaires -14 septembre 1940) ”3 é à accepter à Vienne l royal , conduit par I. Gigurtu, il sera oblig a cession du Nord- à l'Hongrie. Ouest de la Transylvanie ésillusionné, vexé, offensé par le milieu politique vicieux, D Mihail Manoilescu à l'étude et à la méditation dans la tentative de s’évader du retournera chaque fois éal et temporaire, vers un monde id parfait. Et quelle attitude, quel sentiment, quel vivre, être plus intenses et plus grandioses que la fascination de la sensibilité peuvent-ils ’ailleurs, dès l’âge de presque 8 ans il a été le spectateur d’une scène qui le religieuse? D ère, l’instituteur convaincra et qui marquera son destin et ses sentiments religieux. Son p ’une famille de prêtres venus de Constantin Manoilescu, quoique descendant d Bessarabie ébut du XVIII ècle, athée déclaré, manifestait du mépris pour les saints, tournant au d -e si été de 1899, noyé surtout en ridicule la Sainte Marie Madeleine. Il mourra tragiquement l' ’il fût un très bon nageur, même le jour où l’église fêtait la Sainte dans le Prout, bien qu étant englouti par les flots sous les regards terrifiés de la famille Madeleine, . Le ’étrange épisode orientera définitivement la famille Manoilescu vers la douloureux et l croyance4. à l’époque de gloire politique, lorsqu’il était membre actif du Justement écialiste profane – gouvernement, Mihail Manoilescu essaiera de sa position de sp énieur et économiste – ’expliquer comment l’orthodoxie peut obtenir la victoire dans ing d érialisme, un courant du XIX ècle, qui accorde un intérêt la lutte contre le mat -e si à la matière, au progrès matériel et scientifique. Dans la conférence particulier tenue sous écisait que la les auspices du Patriarcat roumain le 31 janvier 1931, Mihail Manoilescu pr „Codrul Cosminului”, nr. 1, 2005, p. 119-124 120 Adina Grigore ’indifférence religieuse, contre l’athéisme même l’anti éisme5 être lutte contre l -th ne peut ée que dans les limites et à l’aide du dogme et des méthode men s orthodoxes. ’orthodoxie doit, à l’avis de Manoilescu, agir d’abord pour conquérir par la croyance les L ées et secondement pour élever le niveau de la croyance des classes classes cultiv 6 église, active, orthodox populaires sous un forme nouvelle: nouvelle ie active (religion ’expression „ ” être comprise comme orthodoxe active). L orthodoxie active ne doit pas une manifestation de la croyance ancienne: partie rituelle, partie contemplative, partie ême comme partie de l’enseignement religieu ’école. Une administrative, ni m x dans l église active aura l'initiative ecclésiastique dans la vie sociale, la projection de l’église se 7 être devrait être impliqué dans la vie sociale intervenant verra dans la vie sociale . Le pr comme un directeur de conscience (confesseur) et comme un arbitre dans la vie de la famille. ère Adepte convaincu du christianisme, Mihail Manoilescu donnera un caract ôle du christianisme et à la religion orthodoxe, estimant que „ absolu au r nul remaniement ’huma é hors le christianisme et pour nous, les noble ne peut intervenir dans la vie de l nit ”9 é à la base de l’âme de Roumains, hors notre christianisme orthodoxe . Ainsi, il avait fix été humaine deux éléments ôle de la toute soci : la religion et la famille. Quant au r éciera que les hommes puissent se fortifier par les religion sur le plan social, il appr és de plus en plus difficiles imposées par une société en un changement à profusion activit 10 ’église, les prêtres éjouissent de prestige seulement par le christianisme . La religion, l r étiennes) que sur le plan macro autant sur le plan micro-social (dans les familles chr - été devenue chaotique où le bien s’est mêlé au mal et où l’institution social dans une soci religieuse peut influencer positivement les classes sociales pour imposer les vraies valeurs. ’é élevé à la vie sociale, elle offre un point L glise orthodoxe donne un sens ’appui moral, spirituel aux classes dirigeantes désorientées, elle cherche à atténuer la d à apaiser les aspirations matérialistes des classes populaires11 souffrance et . La religion orthodoxe est la croyance qui ne tyrannise par la vie, les érieures, et sa discipline n’est ni commandements et les impulsions en sont purement int érieure, ni rigide12 ’esprit orthodoxe représente ’esprit de soumission à la ext . Ainsi l -t-il l éthodes douces, assujettissant les âmes, il repose sur la force, il recommande des m é, la tolérance, il fait élever la pauvreté comme pavois, il n’est pas seulement la libert és13 religion des triomphateurs mais surtout la religion des opprim . ã écrivain politique oublié, consignait dans un de ses C. R dulescu-Motru, un autre 14 ’argumentations abstraites ne sont pas nécessaires pour ouvrages que beaucoup d érer au culte orthodoxe. Une seule te convainc. C’est celle à laquelle tu assistes et qui adh éussit à pénétrer l’âme. Lui ême a été convaincu lorsqu’il a été le témoin d’un épisode r -m épartement de Mehedinþ ène terrifiante où dramatique dans son village natal du d i. La sc ère appelait son fils mort jeune avec des gisements et des cris terribles s’est, son p ée au moment où le prêtre y était arrive, le seul à même de le brusquement termin consoler. Et non pas par des paroles inutiles, non pas par ses propres paroles, mais par la ère vers Dieu. Alors, dévot comme un enfant, le père infortuné s’agenouilla messe et la pri ès du corps du défunt. Apaisé, il écoutait le service funéraire qui lie l’âme du défunt aupr âmes de ceux qui mourront prochainemen 15 „ à où cesse la force de l’homme aux t , car l ”16 commence la force de Dieu . épisode similaire vivra Mihail Manoilescu lorsque sa famille sera marquée de Un ère, Grigore Manoilescu, décédée tragiquement dans un la mort de la petite fille de son fr à trois ans et demi, à peine. Il reconnaîtra que ce fut la plus grande accident de voiture ’attitude envers ’orthodoxie et l’eglise Mihail Manoilescu et l l 121 éditera longuement sur la vie et sur la mort, car „ ’avais douleur de sa vie et il m j é à croire. Je devais croire”17 émoire de Lia, sa petite nièce, il écrira commenc . A la m „ ” Ébauches sur l’immortalité de l’âme dans La Revue de philosophie un essai: dans ’évertuait à expliquer que „ ère et lequel il s si la loi divine en ce qui concerne la mati ’énergie est la préservation de ce que en constitue l’essence, il ne serait pas très l ême loi représente pour l’âme la préservation de ce qui lui audacieux de croire que la m ’individualité”18 est essentiel: l . ès avoir fait certaines réflexions et pensées d’un domaine émouvant créées Apr ôt comme une confession de l’âme, Mihail Manoilescu s’est é par l’action plut remarqu ’église et du clergé. Si les autres hommes politiques ont oublié ou ouverte en faveur de l ’ont pas désiré prendre attitude pour l’amélioration de l’état matériel du clergé19 bien n , ’a pas oublié le corps ecclésiastique au ù il avait occupé la charge Manoilescu n moment o étaire d’État aux finances, il a élaboré la loi générale de l’harmonisation des de sous-secr émunérations budgétaires: „ ’on a relevé les rémunérations de tous les r tandis que l ’Etat à une moyenne de 19 é à 27% fonctionnaires de l %, par la loi actuelle, on les a relev ésiastiques et en conséquence, les prêtres, passent naturellement avant tous les aux eccl ’Etat”20 é par Manoilescu au Sénat comme autres dignitaires de l . Le geste est expliqu ême pour l’homme de culture ïque, bon connaisseur des traditions du peuple normal, m la ère obligé de vénérer le clergé.
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