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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61270-8 - The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland Richard Bradley Index More information INDEX Abingdon, 82 Arminghall, 130 Achnacreebeag, 50 Arran, 43 aerial photography monuments on, 6 impact of, 154 Arras Culture, 264 Irish archaeology and, 154 burials of, 266, 270 of monuments, 166 artefacts. See also gold artefacts; grave artefacts; of pit alignments, 244 Neolithic artefacts; portable artefacts The Age of Stonehenge (Burgess), 25 at Arbor Low, 135–136 agriculture Brittany vs. southern England, 155 evidence of, 32 bronze, 146 introduction of, 30 burial of, 44 in Ireland, 38 distribution of, 37, 96–97 during Iron Age, 237, 240–241, 246 exchange of, 24 societies and, 84 flint, 124 on Yorkshire Wolds, 242 at Glastonbury, 252 All Cannings Cross, 232 grave goods, 148 amber, distribution of, 155 –156 ground stone, 27 Amesbury, 142, 150 at Knowth, 106 Anglesey of Later Neolithic period, 78 decorated passage tombs of, 118 at Maumbury Rings, 127 Neolithic Ireland impact on, 120 at Meare, 252 animal burials. See also burials metal, 91 at Cadbury Castle, 250 movement of, 134–135 Arbor Low, 130, 136 at Newgrange, 106 artefacts at, 135–136 recycling of, 229 archaeology. See also landscape archaeology; social single burials and, 158 archaeology social archaeology and, 25 of Britain and Ireland, 6 timber structures vs. stone monuments, ethnography and, 126 126 Ireland vs. Scotland, 116 at Woodhenge, 124 language of, 24 Ascott-under-Wychwood, 50 of Mediterranean, 7 Atkinson, Richard, 23, 139 of megaliths, 6 Atlantic Bronze Age, 1, 229 Neolithic, 30, 39 Aubrey, John, 7 of Polynesia, 7 Auchenlaich, long mound, 62 of Stonehenge, 5 Aunjetitz Culture architecture. See also monumental architecture burials of, 155 of Britain and Ireland, growth of, 156 –157 landscapes and, 106 Avebury, 6, 16, 125 Mycenaean, 156 construction of, 128 social practices and, 105 Stonehenge vs., 160 307 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61270-8 - The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland Richard Bradley Index More information 308 Index Aveline’s Hole, 32 Bonsall, Clive, 36 axes. See also stone axes Boyne Valley, 6, 94 copper vs. stone, 152 circular enclosures in, 113 deposits of, 148 passage tombs of, 101 on Mesolithic sites, 30 raw materials in, 103 movement across Europe of, 37 Bradley Fen, 214 production of, 37 Breckland, 171 Breiddin, 251 Balfarg, 64, 130 Brenig, 169 Balksbury, midden at, 234 bridges, 184 Ballinderry, timber platforms at, 205 Britain Balloy, 86 cultural integrity of, 22 Ballyglass, 50, 53 Highland and Lowland Zones of, 12–14 Ballynahatty hillforts of, 256 cairns over postholes at, 124 Late Bronze Age hilltop enclosures in, 222 Giant’s Ring at, 113 megalithic art in, 118 Orkney structures and, 118 monuments of, 16 wooden structures at, 114 natural environment of, 16 Bancroft, 208 Roman occupation of, 1, 2, 226, 271 bank barrow, at Stanwell, 64 settlement of, 13, 58 Barbury Castle, 241, 262 Britain and Ireland Barclodiad Y Gawres, 118, 121–122 archaeology of, 6 Barelycroft, 194 architecture of, Barnack, burial analysis of, 162 Continental Europe and, 7, 22, 153 , 157 , 166, 224, Barnhouse, 95, 108 261, 271 Later Neolithic Village at, 110 cursuses in, 68–69 Barrett, J., 178, 179 geography of, 1, 15 barrows. See also Druids’ Barrows; Kings’ barrows; isolation of, 8–10 long barrows; ring barrows; round barrows; land use in, 14–15 square barrows Late Bronze Age elites in, 217 of Bronze Age, 154 mapping of, 2 forms of, 176 Mesolithic burials in, 84 individual burial mounds vs., 161 monuments of, 4 in Wessex, 166 natural resources of, 6 Beaghmore, stone settings at, 175 Neolithic period in, 27, 44 Beaker pottery, 80, 147, 169 as self-contained entities, 24–25 adoption of, 152 settlement of, 2, 35 burnt mounds and, 214 waterways of, 16–20 Continental Europe, 144–145 weapon zones of, 224 Corded Ware and, 143 British and Irish Mesolithic, Northern European vs., distribution of, 142 32 Grooved Ware and, 147, 152 –153 British and Irish Neolithic land divisions and, 150 monumental architecture of, 86 metalwork and, 143, 146–147 sources of, 35 radiocarbon dates for, 143 British isles wedge tombs and, 147 landscape archaeology of, 7 Bedd Branwen, cairn at, 161 original names of, 2 Beeston Castle, 222 Ptolemy’s map of, 3 Bell Beakers. See Beaker pottery; Irish Beakers British Later Bronze Age (Barrett and Bradley), 178 Belle Tout, 151 British Museum, radiocarbon dating by, 144 Bergh, Stefan, 103, 106 Brittany Bestwall Quarry, 190 ceramic tradition of, 29 Bharpa Carinish, 50 promontory forts of, 252 Biggar Common, 89 souterrains of, 254 Billown, 43, 200 brochs Blackshouse Burn, 128 emergence of, 258 Blanuaran of Clava, 174 Gurness, 272–275 bluestones, of Stonehenge, 140 Bromfield, 198 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61270-8 - The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland Richard Bradley Index More information Index 309 bronze Carrowkeel, 95, 116 artefacts, 146 cemetery at, 101 in Britain, 152 , 176 pottery at, 102 copper use vs., 146 Carrowmore, 50, 52 Ireland’s sources of, 223 passage tombs at, 99 long distance movement of, 232 radiocarbon dates from, 100 supply of, 186, 229, 270 Carshalton, 208 use of, 156 Carsie Mains, 62 Bronze Age. See also Atlantic Bronze Age; Early Scottish hall at, 65 Bronze Age; Irish Bronze Age; Late Bronze Age; Carsten, Janet, 59 Middle Bronze Age carved designs, 102 barrows of, 154 Case, Humphrey, 60, 143, 146 burials, 168 Castle Rock, 222 crannogs of, 206 Catholme, radial post lines at, 124 earthworks of, 242 Catterick metalwork of, 186, 227 henge at, 134 middens of, 251 Peterborough Ware at, 136 mortuary monuments during, 223 causewayed enclosures, 69–77 social collapse during, 222 of Continental Europe, 86 in southern England, 23 long barrows and, 75–77 The Bronze Age in Europe (Coles and Harding), 178 Long Meg and her Daughters, 136 bronze weapons open settlements vs., 72 in crannogs, 206 caves, remains in, 161 deposition of, 200 Ceide´ Fields, radiocarbon dating of, 43 Broomend of Crichie, 168 Celtic art, metalwork, 269 Brown, Tony, 36 cemeteries. See also cremation cemeteries Brun, Patrice, 4 alignment of, 164 Burgess, Colin, 25, 179, 229 flat, 212 burials. See also animal burials; cremation burials; formal, 262 graves; river burial Iron Age, 262 adult vs. child, 159 of Late Bronze Age, 212 of Arras Culture, 266, 270 linear, 176 deposition of, 91 living areas and, 168 during Iron Age, 262 mounds distribution of, 161 male vs. female, 162 Rudston, 264 metal sources and, 156 settlements and, 197 settlement sites near, 185 ceramics. See also pottery with swords, 264 Brittany tradition of, 29 burnt mounds, 216 domestic vs. grave, 150 Beaker pottery and, 214 lowlands sequence in, 196 metalwork at, 214 of Middle Neolithic period, 38 of Neolithic period, 214 cereal cultivation, evidence for, 192 Butser Ancient Farm, 241 ceremonial sites Grooved Ware and, 134 Cadbury Castle, 248, 251, 262 Later Neolithic, 122 animal burials at, 250 Neolithic, 36 Cairnpapple, 130 in open grassland, 97 cairns. See also court cairns; field cairns; long mounds; chambered tombs, Neolithic, 38 ring cairns; stalled cairns Champion, Timothy, 24 at Ballynahatty, 124 Chappell, Sylvia, 4 Calanais, 118 Childe, Gordon, 23, 27, 230 Callestick, 190 circular dwellings, enclosures Campbell, Ewan, 24 in Boyne Valley, 113 Carinated Bowls, 29 earliest, 96 Carlisle, monument group near, 134 in Iberian peninsula, 253 Carn Brea, 70, 73, 74 Cladh Hallan carpentry techniques, during English Neolithic, cremation pyres at, 198 44 domestic dwellings at, 192 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61270-8 - The Prehistory of Britain and Ireland Richard Bradley Index More information 31 0 Index Claish, 42, 62 crannogs, 204, 235 Clark, Grahame, 24, 143 of Bronze Age, 206 Clarke, David, 144 Creighton, John, 227, 262 Claudian Conquest, 271 cremation burials, 60–61, 161, 198, 202 Clava Cairns, 169, 174, 175 cremation cemeteries Cleal, Rosamund, 160 location of, 197 Cleaval Point, 275 metalwork in, 185, 197 Cleaven Dyke, 64 at Itford Hill, 197 climate change, settlement and, 172, 179 ring cairns and, 185 Coles, J., 178 standing stones at, 198 collective burial, Neolithic practice of, 162 in uplands, 185 Collis, John, 208 cremation pyres, 198 colonisation Crickley Hill, 73, 247 of Britain and Ireland, 9–10, 35 Crossiecrown, settlement at, 110 of Isle of Man, 8 Crouch Hill, 133 by sea, 36 Cummings, Vicki, 38 connections Cunliffe, Barry, 210, 226, 247, 258, 261–262 between British isles and European mainland, 157 cup marks, monument decoration with, between monuments, 117, 120, 133 175 between new construction and older earthwork, currency bars, production of, 232 133 cursuses, 62 Conquer Barrow, at Mount Pleasant, 131 along Thames, 68 Continental Europe. See also Northern Europe Britain vs. Ireland, 68–69 axes across, 37 distribution of, 68 Beaker material in, 144–145 Later Neolithic monuments and, 136 Britain and Ireland and, 7, 22, 153 , 157 , 166, 224, origins of, 68 261, 271 Thornborough, 83 causewayed enclosures of, 86 Cuween Hill, 110 deposition of metalwork in, 185 earthwork enclosures in, 34 daggers, in Early Bronze Age burials, 201 funeral rites in, 264 dairy economy, of Early Neolithic, 46 Ireland and, 269 Dallington, 83 iron weapons in, 230 Dalriada, 24 long mounds in, 69 Dan Y Coed, 254 longhouses of, 40 Danebury, 248, 251, 261 metalwork from, 223 adult vs. children’s remains at, 250 passage tombs in, 99 Dark,
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