USG Lake Chad Basin Complex Emergency Fact Sheet #4
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The Disappearance of Lake Chad: History of a Myth
The disappearance of Lake Chad: history of a myth Géraud Magrin1 Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France Abstract The article explores the hydropolitics of Lake Chad. Scientific and popular views on the fate of Lake Chad differ widely. The supposed 'disappearance' of the Lake through water abstraction and climate change is a popular myth that endures because it serves a large set of heterogeneous interests, including those supporting inter-basin water transfers. Meanwhile scientific investigations show substantial and continuing Lake level fluctuations over time, and do not support its projected disappearance. The task is to understand how the myth of the disappearing Lake has been engendered and used, by studying the discourses and the strategies of the main stakeholders involved. The Lake has been protected so far from massive water abstraction, and inter-basin transfer projects, due to the fragmentation of its political management, new security threats, and the piecemeal nature of the interests in play. Key words: Lake Chad; environmental myths; hydropolitics; political ecology; inter-basin transfers Résumé Cet article aborde le lac Tchad d’un point de vue hydropolitique. Les discours scientifique et du grand public sur l'état du lac Tchad diffèrent largement. La « disparition » supposée du lac sous l’effet des prélèvements anthropiques pour l’irrigation et du changement climatique est un mythe qui perdure car il sert un ensemble d'intérêts hétérogènes, dont ceux favorables à un projet de transfert d'eau inter-bassins. Or les recherches scientifiques montrent que le lac a toujours fluctué au cours du temps, et que les dynamiques récentes ne conduisent pas à sa disparition, si souvent annoncée. -
Sitwa Report on Infrastructure Development
SITWA PROJECT: STRENGTHENING THE INSTITUTIONS FOR TRANSBOUNDARY WATER MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA CONSULTANCY SERVICES TO ASSESS THE NEEDS AND PREPARE AN ACTION PLAN FOR SITWA/ANBO SUPPORT SERVICES IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE AFRICAN RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONS SITWA REPORT ON INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union RAPPORT SITWA SUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DES INFRASTRUCTURES DANS LES OBF AFRICAINS 3 Table des matiÈRES Table des matières ...................................................................................... 3 AbrEviations ............................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................... 7 Executive summary .................................................................................... 8 List of tables .............................................................................................. 9 List of figures ............................................................................................ 9 1. Background and objectives of the consultancy ........................................ 10 1.1 ANBO’s historical background and objectives ............................................................................. 10 1.2 Background and objectives of SITWA ......................................................................................... -
Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N'djida
Aerial Surveys of Wildlife and Human Activity Across the Bouba N’djida - Sena Oura - Benoue - Faro Landscape Northern Cameroon and Southwestern Chad April - May 2015 Paul Elkan, Roger Fotso, Chris Hamley, Soqui Mendiguetti, Paul Bour, Vailia Nguertou Alexandre, Iyah Ndjidda Emmanuel, Mbamba Jean Paul, Emmanuel Vounserbo, Etienne Bemadjim, Hensel Fopa Kueteyem and Kenmoe Georges Aime Wildlife Conservation Society Ministry of Forests and Wildlife (MINFOF) L'Ecole de Faune de Garoua Funded by the Great Elephant Census Paul G. Allen Foundation and WCS SUMMARY The Bouba N’djida - Sena Oura - Benoue - Faro Landscape is located in north Cameroon and extends into southwest Chad. It consists of Bouba N’djida, Sena Oura, Benoue and Faro National Parks, in addition to 25 safari hunting zones. Along with Zakouma NP in Chad and Waza NP in the Far North of Cameroon, the landscape represents one of the most important areas for savanna elephant conservation remaining in Central Africa. Aerial wildlife surveys in the landscape were first undertaken in 1977 by Van Lavieren and Esser (1979) focusing only on Bouba N’djida NP. They documented a population of 232 elephants in the park. After a long period with no systematic aerial surveys across the area, Omondi et al (2008) produced a minimum count of 525 elephants for the entire landscape. This included 450 that were counted in Bouba N’djida NP and its adjacent safari hunting zones. The survey also documented a high richness and abundance of other large mammals in the Bouba N’djida NP area, and to the southeast of Faro NP. In the period since 2010, a number of large-scale elephant poaching incidents have taken place in Bouba N’djida NP. -
Iom Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State
International Organization for Migration IOM SHELTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RETURN AREAS: ADAMAWA STATE October 2017 Shelter Needs Assessment Report IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State Table of Content BACKGROUND ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 OBJECTIVE ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 COVERAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………….. 5 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Demographic Profile …………………………………………………………………………. 6 Housing, Land and Property ………………………………………………………………… 13 Housing Condition ……………………………………………………………………………18 Damage Assessment …………………………………………………………………………22 Access to Other Services …………………………………………………………………….29 RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………………………. 35 Page 1 IOM Shelter Needs Assessment in Return Areas: Adamawa State BACKGROUND In North-Eastern Nigeria, attacks and counter attacks have resulted in prolonged insecurity and endemic violations of human rights, triggering waves of forced displacement. Almost two million people remain displaced in Nigeria, and displacement continues to be a significant factor in 2017. Since late 2016, IOM and other humanitarian partners have been able to scale up on its activities. However, despite the will and hope of the humanitarian community and the Government of Nigeria and the dedication of teams and humanitarian partners in supporting them, humanitarian needs have drastically increased and the humanitarian response needs to keep scaling up to reach all the affected population in need. While the current humanitarian -
Breaking Boko Haram and Ramping up Recovery: US-Lake Chad Region 2013-2016
From Pariah to Partner: The US Integrated Reform Mission in Burma, 2009 to 2015 Breaking Boko Haram and Ramping Up Recovery Making Peace Possible US Engagement in the Lake Chad Region 2301 Constitution Avenue NW 2013 to 2016 Washington, DC 20037 202.457.1700 Beth Ellen Cole, Alexa Courtney, www.USIP.org Making Peace Possible Erica Kaster, and Noah Sheinbaum @usip 2 Looking for Justice ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This case study is the product of an extensive nine- month study that included a detailed literature review, stakeholder consultations in and outside of government, workshops, and a senior validation session. The project team is humbled by the commitment and sacrifices made by the men and women who serve the United States and its interests at home and abroad in some of the most challenging environments imaginable, furthering the national security objectives discussed herein. This project owes a significant debt of gratitude to all those who contributed to the case study process by recommending literature, participating in workshops, sharing reflections in interviews, and offering feedback on drafts of this docu- ment. The stories and lessons described in this document are dedicated to them. Thank you to the leadership of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) and its Center for Applied Conflict Transformation for supporting this study. Special thanks also to the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) for assisting with the production of various maps and graphics within this report. Any errors or omis- sions are the responsibility of the authors alone. ABOUT THE AUTHORS This case study was produced by a team led by Beth ABOUT THE INSTITUTE Ellen Cole, special adviser for violent extremism, conflict, and fragility at USIP, with Alexa Courtney, Erica Kaster, The United States Institute of Peace is an independent, nonpartisan and Noah Sheinbaum of Frontier Design Group. -
B133 Cameroon's Far North Reconstruction Amid Ongoing Conflict
Cameroon’s Far North: Reconstruction amid Ongoing Conflict &ULVLV*URXS$IULFD%ULHILQJ1 1DLUREL%UXVVHOV2FWREHU7UDQVODWHGIURP)UHQFK I. Overview Cameroon has been officially at war with Boko Haram since May 2014. Despite a gradual lowering in the conflict’s intensity, which peaked in 2014-2015, the contin- uing violence, combined with the sharp rise in the number of suicide attacks between May and August 2017, are reminders that the jihadist movement is by no means a spent force. Since May 2014, 2,000 civilians and soldiers have been killed, in addition to the more than 1,000 people kidnapped in the Far North region. Between 1,500 and 2,100 members of Boko Haram have reportedly been killed following clashes with the Cameroonian defence forces and vigilante groups. The fight against Boko Haram has exacerbated the already-delicate economic situation for the four million inhabitants of this regionௗ–ௗthe poorest part of the country even before the outbreak of the conflict. Nevertheless, the local population’s adaptability and resilience give the Cameroonian government and the country’s international partners the opportunity to implement development policies that take account of the diversity and fluidity of the traditional economies of this border region between Nigeria and Chad. The Far North of Cameroon is a veritable crossroads of trading routes and cultures. Besides commerce, the local economy is based on agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, tourism, transportation of goods, handcrafts and hunting. The informal sector is strong, and contraband rife. Wealthy merchants and traditional chiefsௗ–ௗoften members of the ruling party and high-ranking civil servantsௗ–ௗare significant economic actors. -
CPSWG RESPONSE DASHBOARD - ADAMAWA STATE - Quarter 1, 2019 Child Protection Sub Working Group, Nigeria
CPSWG RESPONSE DASHBOARD - ADAMAWA STATE - Quarter 1, 2019 Child Protection Sub Working Group, Nigeria YobeCASE MANAGEMENT REACH BY LGA PSYCHOSOCIALYobe SUPPORT SERVICES (PSS) REACH BY LGA 78% 14% Madagali ± Madagali ± Borno Borno Michika Michika 86% 10% 82% 16% Mubi North Mubi North Hong 100% Mubi South 5% Hong Gombi 100% 100% Gombi 10% 27% Mubi South Shelleng Shelleng Guyuk Song 0% Guyuk Song 0% 0% Maiha 0% Maiha Chad Chad Lamurde 0% Lamurde 0% Nigeria Girei Nigeria Girei 36% 81% 11% 96% Numan 0% Numan 0% Yola North Demsa 100% Demsa 26% Yola North 100% 0% Adamawa Fufore Yola South 0% Yola South 100% Fufore Mayo-Belwa Mayo-Belwa Adamawa Local Government Area Local Government (LGA) Target Area (LGA) Target LGA TARGET LGA TARGET Demsa 1,170 DEMSA 78 Fufore 370 Jada FUFORE 41 Jada Ganye 0 GANYE 0 Girei 933 GIREI 16 Gombi 4,085 State Boundary GOMBI 33 State Boundary Guyuk 0 GUYUK 0 LGA Boundary Hong 16,941 HONG 6 Ganye Ganye LGA Boundary Jada 0 JADA 0 Not Targeted Lamurde 839 LAMURDE 6 Not Targeted Madagali 6,321 MADAGALI 119 % Reach Maiha 2,800 MAIHA 12 % REACH Mayo-Belwa 0 0 MAYO - BELWA 0 0 Michika 27,946 Toungo 0% MICHIKA 232 Toungo 0% 1 - 36 Mubi North 11,576 MUBI NORTH 154 1 - 5 Mubi South 11,821 MUBI SOUTH 139 37 - 78 Numan 2,250 NUMAN 14 6 - 11 Shelleng 0 SHELLENG 0 79 - 82 12 - 16 Song 1,437 SONG 21 Teungo 25 83 - 86 TOUNGO 6 17 - 27 Yola North 1,189 YOLA NORTH 14 Yola South 2,824 87 - 100 YOLA SOUTH 47 28 - 100 SOCIO-ECONOMICYobe REINTEGRATION REACH BY LGA MINEYobe RISK EDUCATION (MRE) REACH BY LGA Madagali Madagali R 0% I 0% ± -
Region: West Africa (14 Countries) (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte D’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo)
Region: West Africa (14 Countries) (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo) Project title: Emergency assistance for early detection and prevention of avian influenza in Western Africa Project number: TCP/RAF/3016 (E) Starting date: November 2005 Completion date: April 2007 Government counterpart Ministries of Agriculture responsible for project execution: FAO contribution: US$ 400 000 Signed: ..................................... Signed: ........................................ (on behalf of Government) Jacques Diouf Director-General (on behalf of FAO) Date of signature: ..................... Date of signature: ........................ I. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION In line with the FAO/World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Global Strategy for the Progressive Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), this project has been developed to provide support to the regional grouping of West African countries to strengthen emergency preparedness against the eventuality of HPAI being introduced into this currently free area. There is growing evidence that the avian influenza, which has been responsible for serious disease outbreaks in poultry and humans in several Asian countries since 2003, is spread through a number of sources, including poor biosecurity at poultry farms, movement of poultry and poultry products and live market trade, illegal and legal trade in wild birds. Although unproven, it is also suspected that the virus could possibly be carried over long distances along the migratory bird flyways to regions previously unaffected (Table 1) is a cause of serious concern for the region. Avian influenza subtype H5N1 could be transported along these routes to densely populated areas in the South Asian Subcontinent and to the Middle East, Africa and Europe. -
17 the Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on Livestock Production
The Impact of Boko Haram Insurgency on Livestock Production in Mubi Region of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Augustine, C1., Daniel, J.D.2, Abdulrahman, B.S.1 Lubele, M.I.3, Katsala,. J.G.4 and Ardo, M.U.4 1. Department of Animal Production, Adamawa State University, Mubi. 2. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Adamawa State University, Mubi. 3. Department of History, Adamawa State University, Mubi. 4. Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Hong. Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the impact of Boko Haram insurgence on livestock production in Mubi region of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Four local government areas (Mubi north, Mubi south, Madagali and Michika) were purposely selected for this study. Thirty (30) livestock farmers were randomly selected from each of the local government area making a total of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents. One hundred and twenty (120) structured questionnaires were administered to gather information from the farmers through an interview schedule. Majority of the livestock farmers in Mubi south (56.67%) Mubi north (63.33%), Madagali (53.33%) and Michika (80%) were males. Most of the respondents had secondary school certificates (40 to 50%) and Diploma certificates (23.33 to 36.70%). Greater proportion of the livestock farmers had family size of 5 to 10 people per family. Family labour accounted the highest (43.33 to 60%) types of labour used in managing the animals. Sizable population (53.33 to 63.33%) of the livestock farmers kept domestic animals as source of income. Livestock populations were observed to have been drastically reduced as a result of Boko Haram attacks. -
Large Hydro-Electricity and Hydro-Agricultural Schemes in Africa
FAO AQUASTAT Dams Africa – 070524 DAMS AND AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA Prepared by the AQUASTAT Programme May 2007 Water Development and Management Unit (NRLW) Land and Water Division (NRL) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Dams According to ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams), a large dam is a dam with the height of 15 m or more from the foundation. If dams are 5-15 metres high and have a reservoir volume of more than three million m3, they are also classified as large dams. Using this definition, there are more than 45 000 large dams around the world, almost half of them in China. Most of them were built in the 20th century to meet the constantly growing demand for water and electricity. Hydropower supplies 2.2% of the world’s energy and 19% of the world’s electricity needs and in 24 countries, including Brazil, Zambia and Norway, hydropower covers more than 90% of national electricity supply. Half of the world’s large dams were built exclusively or primarily for irrigation, and an estimated 30-40% of the 277 million hectares of irrigated lands worldwide rely on dams. As such, dams are estimated to contribute to 12-16% of world food production. Regional inventories include almost 1 300 large and medium-size dams in Africa, 40% of which are located in South Africa (517) (Figure 1). Most of these were constructed during the past 30 years, coinciding with rising demands for water from growing populations. Information on dam height is only available for about 600 dams and of these 550 dams have a height of more than 15 m. -
Bibliography [PDF]
Ancient TL Vol. 30 No.1 2012 31 Bibliography Compiled by Daniel Richter _____________________________________________________________________________________________ From 1st November 2011 to 31st May 2012 Abafoni, J. D., Mallam, S. P., and Akpa, T. C. (2012). Comparison of OSL and ITL measurements on quartz grains extracted from sediments of the Chad Basin, N.E. Nigeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences 6, 483-486. Altay Atlıhan, M., Şahiner, E., and Soykal Alanyalı, F. (2012). Dose estimation and dating of pottery from Turkey. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 81, 594-598. Amos, C. B., Lapwood, J. J., Nobes, D. C., Burbank, D. W., Rieser, U., and Wade, A. (2011). Palaeoseismic constraints on Holocene surface ruptures along the Ostler Fault, southern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 54, 367-378. Andreucci, S., Bateman, M. D., Zucca, C., Kapur, S., Aksit, İ., Dunajko, A., and Pascucci, V. (2012). Evidence of Saharan dust in upper Pleistocene reworked palaeosols of North-west Sardinia, Italy: palaeoenvironmental implications. Sedimentology 59, 917-938. Anjar, J., Adrielsson, L., Bennike, O., Björck, S., Filipsson, H. L., Groeneveld, J., Knudsen, K. L., Larsen, N. K., and Möller, P. (2012). Palaeoenvironments in the southern Baltic Sea Basin during Marine Isotope Stage 3: a multi- proxy reconstruction. Quaternary Science Reviews 34, 81-92. Athanassas, C., Bassiakos, Y., Wagner, G. A., and Timpson, M. E. (2012). Exploring paleogeographic conditions at two paleolithic sites in Navarino, southwest Greece, dated by optically stimulated luminescence. Geoarchaeology 27, 237-258. Atkinson, O. A. C., Thomas, D. S. G., Goudie, A. S., and Parker, A. G. (2012). Holocene development of multiple dune generations in the northeast Rub‘ al-Khali, United Arab Emirates. -
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY 1 2 Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY August 2018 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations p.8 Chapter 3: THE REPUBLIC OF MALI p.39-48 Acknowledgements p.9 Introduction Foreword p.10 a. Pastoralism and transhumance UNOWAS Mandate p.11 Pastoral Transhumance Methodology and Unit of Analysis of the b. Challenges facing pastoralists Study p.11 A weak state with institutional constraints Executive Summary p.12 Reduced access to pasture and water Introductionp.19 c. Security challenges and the causes and Pastoralism and Transhumance p.21 drivers of conflict Rebellion, terrorism, and the Malian state Chapter 1: BURKINA FASO p.23-30 Communal violence and farmer-herder Introduction conflicts a. Pastoralism, transhumance and d. Conflict prevention and resolution migration Recommendations b. Challenges facing pastoralists Loss of pasture land and blockage of Chapter 4: THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF transhumance routes MAURITANIA p.49-57 Political (under-)representation and Introduction passivity a. Pastoralism and transhumance in Climate change and adaptation Mauritania Veterinary services b. Challenges facing pastoralists Education Water scarcity c. Security challenges and the causes and Shortages of pasture and animal feed in the drivers of conflict dry season Farmer-herder relations Challenges relating to cross-border Cattle rustling transhumance: The spread of terrorism to Burkina Faso Mauritania-Mali d. Conflict prevention and resolution Pastoralists and forest guards in Mali Recommendations Mauritania-Senegal c. Security challenges and the causes and Chapter 2: THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA p.31- drivers of conflict 38 The terrorist threat Introduction Armed robbery a.