Basic Chemicals and Performance Brochure
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US EPA Inert (Other) Pesticide Ingredients
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs List of Inert Pesticide Ingredients List 3 - Inerts of unknown toxicity - By Chemical Name UpdatedAugust 2004 Inert Ingredients Ordered Alphabetically by Chemical Name - List 3 Updated August 2004 CAS PREFIX NAME List No. 6798-76-1 Abietic acid, zinc salt 3 14351-66-7 Abietic acids, sodium salts 3 123-86-4 Acetic acid, butyl ester 3 108419-35-8 Acetic acid, C11-14 branched, alkyl ester 3 90438-79-2 Acetic acid, C6-8-branched alkyl esters 3 108419-32-5 Acetic acid, C7-9 branched, alkyl ester C8-rich 3 2016-56-0 Acetic acid, dodecylamine salt 3 110-19-0 Acetic acid, isobutyl ester 3 141-97-9 Acetoacetic acid, ethyl ester 3 93-08-3 2'- Acetonaphthone 3 67-64-1 Acetone 3 828-00-2 6- Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxane 3 32388-55-9 Acetyl cedrene 3 1506-02-1 6- Acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyl tetralin 3 21145-77-7 Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetralin 3 61788-48-5 Acetylated lanolin 3 74-86-2 Acetylene 3 141754-64-5 Acrylic acid, isopropanol telomer, ammonium salt 3 25136-75-8 Acrylic acid, polymer with acrylamide and diallyldimethylam 3 25084-90-6 Acrylic acid, t-butyl ester, polymer with ethylene 3 25036-25-3 Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-vinylidene chloride copoly 3 1406-16-2 Activated ergosterol 3 124-04-9 Adipic acid 3 9010-89-3 Adipic acid, polymer with diethylene glycol 3 9002-18-0 Agar 3 61791-56-8 beta- Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-, N-tallow alkyl derivs., disodium3 14960-06-6 beta- Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, monosodium salt 3 Alanine, N-coco alkyl derivs. -
Development of Novel Peptide Nucleic Acids A
b-Dicarbonyl compounds Compounds having two carbonyl groups separated by an intervening carbon atom are called b-dicarbonyl compounds, and these compounds are highly versatile reagents for organic synthesis. O O O O C C C R C C C OR' b b b-Dicarbonyl system b-Keto ester ** The pKa for such a proton is in the range 9-11, acidic enough to be removed easily by an alkoxide base to form an enolate. O O O H O OR C C C C C.. C + HOR H enolate anion pKa = 9-11 .. .. .. .. .. .. O . O . O O . O O C C C .. C C C R C OR' R C OR' R C OR' H H H Resonance structure of the anion of a b-keto ester Synthesis of b-keto ester (Claisen condensation) O O O NaOC H 2 2 5 CH3COC2H5 CH3CC..HCOC2H5 + C2H5OH + Na (removed by distillation) Sodiumacetoacetic ester HCl O O CH3CCH2COC2H5 Ethyl acetoacetate (acetoacetic ester) (76%) O O O O (1) NaOC2H5 R CH C + H CHC R CH2C CHCOC H + C H OH 2 OC2H5 OC2H5 + 2 5 2 5 (2) H3O R R (R may also be H) b-Keto ester Mechanism Step1 .. O O . .. + . OHC H + C H OH R CHC OC2H5 .. 2 5 RC.. H C OC2H5 2 5 H .. O . RCH C OC2H5 Step 2 .. .. .. .. O . O O O . RCH2C + . RCH2C CH C OC2H5 HC C OC2H5 . C H O . OC2H5 R 2 5 .. R .. O . O .. + . OC2H5 RCH2C CH C OC2H5 .. R Step 3 .. .. O . O H O O . -
Lonza's Chemical Network Diketene and HCN Derivatives, Heterocycles
Lonza’s chemical network Diketene and HCN derivatives, heterocycles and basic chemicals catalog Pharma&Biotech Nutrition Agriculture MaterialsScience PersonalCare Diketene and HCN derivatives, heterocycles and basic chemicals catalog Content About Lonza 3 Introduction 4 Diketene / ketene derivatives 6 Esters 6 Arylides 7 Alkylamides 8 Pyrazolones 9 Dehydroacetic acid 9 Lonzamon monomers 10 Other diketene derivatives 10 HCN derivatives 12 Heterocycles 14 Basic chemicals 16 Others 17 Alphabetical index 18 About Lonza Lonza is the global leader in the production and support of active phar- From 1897 to the present day combining Swiss tradition with global maceutical ingredients both chemically and biotechnologically. Biophar- experience, the company has had an enterprising character, adapting maceuticals are one of the key growth drivers of the pharmaceutical and its offerings and services to the needs of customers and to changing biotechnology industries. technologies. Throughout our history, we have maintained a strong culture of performance, results and dependability that is valued by all Lonza has strong capabilities in large and small molecules, peptides, of our customers. amino acids and niche bioproducts which play an important role in the development of novel medicines and healthcare products. In addition, Lonza’s cracker in Visp is the back bone of a comprehensive fully back- Lonza is a leader in cell-based research, endotoxin detection and cell ward integrated chemical network. Our product portfolio consists of therapy manufacturing. Furthermore, the company is a leading provider HCN- and diketene derivatives as well as basic chemicals which are key of chemical and biotech ingredients to the nutrition, hygiene, preserva- raw materials and intermediates for many sophisticated applications. -
Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
Programme: B.Sc. B.ed. (Integrated) Course: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- III Semester: VI Code: CHE-352 Topic: ETHYLACETOACETATEE Date- 07/04/2020 y Only PPe Dr. Angad Kumar Singh ForF Department of Chemistry, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya (Bihar) Note: These materials are only for classroom teaching purpose at Central University of South Bihar. All the data taken from several books, research articles including Wikipedia. Note: These materials are only for classroom teaching purpose at Central University of South Bihar. All the data taken from several books, research articles including Wikipedia. Ethylacetoacetate The Claisen Condensation between esters containing - hdhydrogens, promotdted byabase such as sodium ethoxy ide, toproduce a !- ketoester. One equiv serves as the nucleophilele (enolate)(eno and the other is OnlyO the electrophile which undergoes additiontion andae elimination. The use of stronger bases, e.g. sodium amide or sodiumsodUse hydride instead of sodium ethoxide, often increases the yield.d. al onal Ethylacetoacetate Note: These materials are only for classroom teaching purpose at Central University of South Bihar. All the data taken from several books, research articles including Wikipedia. Mechanism of the Claisen Condensation The reaction is driven to product by the final deprotonation step. Note: These materials are only for classroom teaching purpose at Central University of South Bihar. All the data taken from several books, research articles including Wikipedia. Mixed Claisen Condensation Like mixed aldol reactions, mixed Claisen condensations are useful if differences in reactivity exist betweenn they two esters as for example when one of the esters has no -hydrogenydrogOnlyO . Examples of such esters are: e Use ers excess Note: These materials are only for classroom teaching purpose at Central University of South Bihar. -
Classification of Chemicals
Classification of Chemicals Flame & Detonation Arrester Specifications PROTECTOSEAL ® The Protectoseal Company recommends that the National Butadiene would qualify as a Group D material. In each of Electric Code (NEC) Article 500, rankings of various chemi - these cases, the chemicals were primarly listed in a higher cals be used, whenever possible, to determine the suitability category (Group B), because of relatively high pressure read - of a detonation arrester for use with a particular chemical. ings noted in one phase of the standard test procedure con - When no NEC rating of the particular chemical is available, ducted by Underwriters Laboratories. These pressures were the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) classifica - of concern when categorizing the chemicals because these tion (Groups IIA, IIB and IIC) is recommended as a secondary NEC groupings are also used as standard indicators for the source of information for determining the suitability of an ar - design strength requirements of electrical boxes, apparatus, rester for its intended service. In general, the IEC Group IIA is etc. that must withstand the pressures generated by an igni - equivalent to the NEC Group D; the IEC Group IIB is equiva - tion within the container. It should be noted that, in each of lent to the NEC Group C; and the IEC Group IIC includes these cases, the test pressures recorded were significantly chemicals in the NEC Groups A and B. In the event of a dis - lower than those commonly encountered when testing a deto - crepancy between the NEC and the IEC ratings, Protectoseal nation arrester for its ability to withstand stable and over - recommends that the NEC groups be referenced. -
Ethyl Acetoacetate (Acetoacetic Ester) (B) Diethyl Molonote (Molonic Ester) the Structure of (A) and (B) Are As
PRESENTATION OF ENOLATES Dr. Susmita Bajpai Department of Chemistry B.N.D. College, Kanpur ENOLATES The class of compounds which contain a methylene group (–CH2–) directly bonded to the electron withdrawing groups such as –COCH3, –COOC2H5, –CN, are called active methylene compounds. This is so because the –CH2 group in them is acidic and reactive. The two examples are (a) Ethyl acetoacetate (Acetoacetic ester) (b) Diethyl molonote (Molonic ester) The structure of (a) and (b) are as This reaction is known as claisen condensation Ethyl acetoacetate (CH3COOCH2COOC2H5) • It's IUPAC name is ethyl 3-oxobutanoate • Preparation: Ethyl acetoacetate is prepared by heating ethyl acetate with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, followed by acidification. Claisen condensation • It is a condensation reaction in which, two ester molecules condensed to form an alcohol and a b-Keto ester. Therefore ethyl acetoacetate is a b-Keto ester. • Mechanism: The mechanism involves three steps: + • Step-I :- First sodium ethoxide (C2H5O–Na ) breaks into ethoxide ion and sodium ion. This ethoxide ion attacks ethyl acetoacetate to give ethyl alcohol and ester anion. Step -II: Ester anion attacks the carbonyl group of a second molecules of ethyl acetate. • Step-III: Ethoxide ion is eliminated Properties • It is a colourless pleasant smelling liquid • b.p. - 180.4oC • It is sparingly soluble in water but freely so in organic solvent. • It is neutral to litmus. Chemical properties • It is a tautomeric mixture of Keto and enol forms. Therefore it gives the reaction of the various functional groups present in the two forms. Acidity of methylene hydrogen (Formation of salt) • In ethyl acetoacetate methylene group (–CH2–) flank by two carbonyl group. -
Ethyl Acetoacetate
21.6 The Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis Acetoacetic Ester O O C C H3C C OCH2CH3 H H Acetoacetic ester is another name for ethyl acetoacetate. The "acetoacetic ester synthesis" uses acetoacetic ester as a reactant for the preparation of ketones. Deprotonation of Ethyl Acetoacetate O O – C C + CH3CH2O H3C C OCH2CH3 H H Ethyl acetoacetate pKa ~ 11 can be converted readily to its anion with bases such as sodium ethoxide. Deprotonation of Ethyl Acetoacetate O O – C C + CH3CH2O H3C C OCH2CH3 H H Ethyl acetoacetate pKa ~ 11 can be converted readily to its anion K ~ 105 K ~ 10 with bases such as O O sodium ethoxide. C •• C + CH3CH2OH H3C –C OCH2CH3 3 2 H pKa ~ 16 Alkylation of Ethyl Acetoacetate O O The anion of ethyl C •• C acetoacetate can be H C C OCH CH 3 – C OCH2CH3 alkylated using an H alkyl halide (SN2: primary and R X secondary alkyl halides work best; tertiary alkyl halides undergo elimination). Alkylation of Ethyl Acetoacetate O O The anion of ethyl C •• C acetoacetate can be H C C OCH CH 3 – C OCH2CH3 alkylated using an H alkyl halide (SN2: primary and R X secondary alkyl O O halides work best; tertiary alkyl halides C C undergo elimination). H3C C OCH2CH3 H R Conversion to Ketone O O Saponification and C C acidification convert H3C C OH the alkylated H R derivative to the – 1. HO , H2O corresponding b-keto 2. H+ acid. O O The b-keto acid then undergoes C C decarboxylation to H C 3 C OCH2CH3 form a ketone. -
US EPA, Inert (Other) Pesticide Ingredients in Pesticide Products
Inert Ingredients ordered by CAS Number Updated August 2004 CAS PREFIX NAME List No. 50-21-5 Lactic acid 4B 50-70-4 Sorbitol 4A 50-81-7 L- Ascorbic acid 4A 50-99-7 Dextrose 4A 51-03-6 Piperonyl butoxide 3 51-05-8 Procaine hydrochloride 3 51-55-8 Atropine 3 52-51-7 2- Bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-dio 3 54-21-7 Sodium salicylate 3 56-81-5 Glycerol (glycerin) 1,2,3 propanetriol 4A 56-86-0 L- Glutamic acid 3 56-95-1 Chlorhexidine diacetate 3 57-10-3 Hexadecanoic acid 4A 57-11-4 Stearic acid 4A 57-13-6 Urea 4A 57-48-7 D- Fructose 4B 57-50-1 Sugar 4A 57-55-6 Propylene glycol 4B 57-88-5 (3.beta.)- Cholest-5-en-3-ol 4B 58-08-2 1H- Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- 4B 58-56-0 Thiamine mononitrate 4B 58-85-5 Biotin 3 58-86-6 D- Xylose 4B 58-95-7 Vitamin E acetate 3 59-30-3 Folic acid 4B 59-40-5 N-(2- Quinoxalinyl)sulfanilide 3 59-67-6 Nicotinic acid 3 60-00-4 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 4B 60-12-8 Benzeneethanol 3 60-29-7 Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis- 3 60-33-3 Linoleic acid 3 61-73-4 C.I. Basic Blue 9 3 62-33-9 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), calcium4B 62-54-4 Acetic acid, calcium salt 4A 63-42-3 D-(+)-Lactose 4A 63-68-3 L- Methionine 4B 64-02-8 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tetraso4B 64-17-5 Ethanol 4B 64-18-6 Formic acid 3 64-19-7 Acetic acid 4B 64-86-8 Colchicine 3 65-85-0 Benzoic acid 4B 66-71-7 1,10- Phenanthroline 3 67-03-8 Thiamin hydrochloride 3 67-43-6 1,1,4,7,7- Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 3 67-48-1 Choline chloride 4B 67-56-1 Methyl alcohol 3 67-63-0 2- Propanol 4B 67-64-1 Acetone 3 67-68-5 Dimethyl -
Determination of Solvent Effects on Ketoðenol Equilibria of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using NMR: Revisiting a Classic Physical C
In the Laboratory Determination of Solvent Effects on Keto–Enol Equilibria W of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using NMR Revisiting a Classic Physical Chemistry Experiment Gilbert Cook* and Paul M. Feltman Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383; *[email protected] “The influence of solvents on chemical equilibria was discovered in 1896, simultaneously with the discovery of keto–enol tautomerism in 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds” (1). The solvents were divided into two groups according to their ability to isomerize compounds. The study of the keto–enol tautomerism of β-diketones and β-ketoesters in a variety of solvents using proton NMR has been utilized as a physical Figure 1. The β-dicarbonyl compounds studied in the experiment. chemistry experiment for many years (2, 3). The first reported use of NMR keto–enol equilibria determination was by Reeves (4). This technique has been described in detail in an experiment by Garland, Nibler, and Shoemaker (2). panded (i) to give an in-depth analysis of factors influencing The most commonly used β-diketone for these experi- solvent effects in tautomeric equilibria and (ii) to illustrate ments is acetylacetone (Scheme I). Use of proton NMR is a the use of molecular modeling in determining the origin of viable method for measuring this equilibrium because the a molecule’s polarity. The experiment’s original benefits of tautomeric keto–enol equilibrium is slow on the NMR time using proton NMR as a noninvasive method of evaluating scale, but enol (2a)–enol (2b) tautomerism is fast on this scale equilibrium are maintained. (5). It has been observed that acyclic β-diketones and β- Experimental Procedure ketoesters follow Meyer’s rule of a shift in the tautomeric equi- librium toward the keto tautomer with increasing solvent Observations of the solvent effects for three other 1,3- polarity (6). -
Ethyl Acetoacetate
EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Health and Consumer Protection European Chemicals Bureau I-21020 Ispra (VA) Italy ETHYL ACETOACETATE CAS No: 141-97-9 EINECS No: 205-516-1 Summary Risk Assessment Report 2002 Special Publication I.02.75 ETHYL ACETOACETATE CAS No: 141-97-9 EINECS No: 205-516-1 SUMMARY RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2002 Germany The Rapporteur for Ethyl acetoacetate is the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Contact point: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin Anmeldestelle Chemikaliengesetz (BAuA) (Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Notification Unit) Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25 44149 Dortmund (Germany) fax: +49 (231) 9071-679 e-mail: [email protected] Date of Last Literature Search : 1996 Review of report by MS Technical Experts finalised: March 2001 Final report: 2002 © European Communities, 2002 PREFACE This report provides a summary, with conclusions, of the risk assessment report of the substance ethyl acetoacetate that has been prepared by Germany in the context of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 on the evaluation and control of existing substances. For detailed information on the risk assessment principles and procedures followed, the underlying data and the literature references the reader is referred to the original risk assessment report that can be obtained from the European Chemicals Bureau1. The present summary report should preferably not be used for citation purposes. 1 European Chemicals Bureau – Existing Chemicals – http://ecb.jrc.it III -
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 19 – Synthesis And
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 19 – Synthesis and Reactions of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Bela Torok Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston Boston, MA 1 Introduction β-Dicarbonyl compounds have two carbonyl groups separated by a carbon • Protons on the α-carbon of β-dicarbonyl compounds are acidic (pKa = 9-10) – The acidity can be explained by resonance stabilization of the corresponding enolate by two carbonyl groups 2 Synthesis Claisen condensation • The acetoacetic ester and malonic acid syntheses use β-dicarbonyl compounds for carbon-carbon bond forming reactions • The acetoacetic ester and malonic ester syntheses usually conclude with decarboxylation of a β-keto acid 3 Synthesis • The Claisen Condensation: Synthesis of β-Keto Esters • Ethyl acetate undergoes a Claisen condensation when treated with sodium ethoxide – The product is commonly called an acetoacetic ester • Ethyl pentanoate undergoes an analogous reaction 4 Synthesis • The overall reaction involves loss of an α hydrogen from one ester and loss of ethoxide from another • The mechanism is an example of the general process of nucleophilic addition-elimination at an ester carbonyl 5 Synthesis 6 Synthesis • The alkoxide base must have the same alkyl group as the alkoxyl group of the ester – The use of a different alkoxide would result in formation of some transesterification products • Esters with only one α hydrogen do not undergo Claisen condensation – A second hydrogen on the α carbon is necessary so that it can be deprotonated in Step 3 – This deprotonation -
Ketene Reactions. I. the Addition of Acid Chlorides
KETENE REACTIONS. I. THE ADDITION OF ACID CHLORIDES TO DIMETHYLKETENE. II. THE CYCLOADDITION OF KETENES TO CARBONYL COMPOUNDS APPROVED: Graduate Committee: Major Professor Committee Member.rr^- Committee Member Committee Member Director of the Department of Chemistry Dean' of the Graduate School Smith, Larry, Ketene Reactions. I. The Addition of Acid Chlorides to DimethyIketene. II. The Cycloaddition of Ketenes to Carbonvl Compounds. Doctor of Philosophy (Chemistry), December, 1970, 63 pp., 3 tables, bibliography, 62 titles. Part I describes the addition of several acid chlorides to dimethylketene. The resulting 3-ketoacid chlorides were isolated and characterized. The reactivities of acid chlorides were found to parallel the parent acid pKa's. A reactivity order of ketenes toward acid chlorides was established. Dimethylketene is more reactive than ketene which is more reactive than diphenylketene. Attempts to effect the addition of an acid halide to a ketene produced by in situ dehydro- halogenation yielded a-halovinyl esters. The addition of acid chlorides to ketenes was concluded to be an ionic process dependent upon the nucleophilic character of the ketene oc- carbon and the polarity of the carbon-chlorine bond in the acid chloride. Part II describes the cycloaddition of several aldo- ketenes to chloral. The ketenes were generated in situ by dehydrohalogenation and dehalogenation of appropriately substituted acyl halides. Both cis- and trans-4-trichloro- Miyl-2-oxetanones are produced in the cycloadditions with the sterically hindered cis isomer predominating. Isomer distributions were determined by vpc or nmr analysis of the reaction solutions. Production of the ketenes by dehalo- genation resulted in enhanced reactivity of the carbonyl compounds.