Samuel Adams

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Samuel Adams Voices of Reason: Samuel Adams Although perhaps best known today for a popular beer named for him, Samuel Adams was widely recognized in colonial America as a radical revolutionary and a dynamic speaker. Adams drew on the Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke (1632-1704), emphasizing freedom of conscience as both a philosophical and a political virtue. To him the principles of political and religious freedom were inevitably intertwined. In his own words, “The religion and public liberty of people are so intimately connected, their interests are interwoven, and cannot exist separately.” (Church 8) Even though Sam Adams was himself a tax collector, he strongly opposed Britain’s imposition of the Stamp Act (a tax on all printed papers and documents, including wills, newspapers, and playing cards) and was, in fact, the first to propose the establishment of a Continental Congress among the American colonies. Directions: Samuel Adams’ own words can be read in Chapter 2 of The Separation of Church and State edited by Forrest Church. Read pages 11-15 starting with the first full paragraph (“Sam Adams’s greatest contribution. .”), which provides an introduction to Adams’ “The Rights of the Colonists” (1772) which follows. This forward-looking document, in support of the independence of the American colonies, anticipated the Declaration of Independence by four years. Be prepared to discuss the following questions: 1. Describe the person and historical context of this individual who is promoting the idea of religious liberty. 2. What arguments does the individual make for religious liberty? 3. What limits, if any, does this person place on the practice of religious liberty? [HINT: In this case, pay attention to what Adams says about Roman Catholics or Papists]. What do you speculate might be the source of this prejudice?] 2101 L St NW STE 400 Washington, DC 20037 TEL: 202-466-0567 web: interfaithalliance.org/LEADD .
Recommended publications
  • A Case Study of Samuel Adams and Thomas Hutchinson
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 5-2007 Reputation in Revolutionary America: A Case Study of Samuel Adams and Thomas Hutchinson Elizabeth Claire Anderson University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Anderson, Elizabeth Claire, "Reputation in Revolutionary America: A Case Study of Samuel Adams and Thomas Hutchinson" (2007). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/1040 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Elizabeth Claire Anderson Bachelor of Arts 9lepu.tation in ~ Unwtica: a ~e studq- oj Samuel a.dartt;., and g fuun.a:, !JtulcIiUu,on 9JetIi~on !lWWuj ~ g~i6, Sp~ 2007 In July 1774, having left British America after serving terms as Lieutenant- Governor and Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson met with King George III. During the conversation they discussed the treatment Hutchinson received in America: K. In such abuse, Mf H., as you met with, I suppose there must have been personal malevolence as well as party rage? H. It has been my good fortune, Sir, to escape any charge against me in my private character. The attacks have been upon my publick conduct, and for such things as my duty to your Majesty required me to do, and which you have been pleased to approve of.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Hutchinson: Traitor to Freedom?
    Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 3 June 2018 Thomas Hutchinson: Traitor to Freedom? Kandy A. Crosby-Hastings Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Crosby-Hastings, Kandy A. (2018) "Thomas Hutchinson: Traitor to Freedom?," Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh/vol2/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thomas Hutchinson: Traitor to Freedom? Abstract Thomas Hutchinson is perhaps one of the most controversial figures of the American Revolution. His Loyalist bent during a time when patriotism and devotion to the American cause was rampant and respected led to his being the target of raids and protests. His actions, particularly his correspondence to Britain regarding the political actions of Bostonians, caused many to question his motives and his allegiance. The following paper will examine Thomas Hutchinson’s Loyalist beliefs, where they originated, and how they affected his political and everyday life. It will examine Thomas Hutchinson’s role during America’s bid for freedom from the Mother Country. Keywords Thomas Hutchinson, Loyalism, the American Revolution Cover Page Footnote I would like to thank my family for supporting me in my writing endeavors. I would also like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of the Massachusetts Constitution
    Construction of the Massachusetts Constitution ROBERT J. TAYLOR J. HI s YEAR marks tbe 200tb anniversary of tbe Massacbu- setts Constitution, the oldest written organic law still in oper- ation anywhere in the world; and, despite its 113 amendments, its basic structure is largely intact. The constitution of the Commonwealth is, of course, more tban just long-lived. It in- fluenced the efforts at constitution-making of otber states, usu- ally on their second try, and it contributed to tbe shaping of tbe United States Constitution. Tbe Massachusetts experience was important in two major respects. It was decided tbat an organic law should have tbe approval of two-tbirds of tbe state's free male inbabitants twenty-one years old and older; and tbat it sbould be drafted by a convention specially called and chosen for tbat sole purpose. To use the words of a scholar as far back as 1914, Massachusetts gave us 'the fully developed convention.'^ Some of tbe provisions of the resulting constitu- tion were original, but tbe framers borrowed heavily as well. Altbough a number of historians have written at length about this constitution, notably Prof. Samuel Eliot Morison in sev- eral essays, none bas discussed its construction in detail.^ This paper in a slightly different form was read at the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society on October IS, 1980. ' Andrew C. McLaughlin, 'American History and American Democracy,' American Historical Review 20(January 1915):26*-65. 2 'The Struggle over the Adoption of the Constitution of Massachusetts, 1780," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 50 ( 1916-17 ) : 353-4 W; A History of the Constitution of Massachusetts (Boston, 1917); 'The Formation of the Massachusetts Constitution,' Massachusetts Law Quarterly 40(December 1955):1-17.
    [Show full text]
  • John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: a Reappraisal.”
    The Historical Journal of Massachusetts “John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: A Reappraisal.” Author: Arthur Scherr Source: Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Volume 46, No. 1, Winter 2018, pp. 114-159. Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/number/date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/historical-journal/. 114 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2018 John Adams Portrait by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1815 115 John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: A Reappraisal ARTHUR SCHERR Editor's Introduction: The history of religious freedom in Massachusetts is long and contentious. In 1833, Massachusetts was the last state in the nation to “disestablish” taxation and state support for churches.1 What, if any, impact did John Adams have on this process of liberalization? What were Adams’ views on religious freedom and how did they change over time? In this intriguing article Dr. Arthur Scherr traces the evolution, or lack thereof, in Adams’ views on religious freedom from the writing of the original 1780 Massachusetts Constitution to its revision in 1820. He carefully examines contradictory primary and secondary sources and seeks to set the record straight, arguing that there are many unsupported myths and misconceptions about Adams’ role at the 1820 convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Jefferson and John Adams in the Newberry Collection
    QUICK GUIDE Thomas Jefferson and John Adams in the Newberry Collection How to Use Our Collection At the Newberry, an independent research library, readers do not borrow books to take home, but consult rare books, manuscripts, and other materials here. We welcome researchers who are at least 14 years old or in the ninth grade. Visit https://requests.newberry.org to create a reader account and start exploring our collection. When you arrive at the Newberry for research, a free reader card will be issued to you in the Welcome Center on the first floor. Find further information about our collection and public programs at www.newberry.org. Questions? Contact the reference desk at (312) 255-3506 or [email protected]. Manuscripts and Correspondence of Adams and Jefferson Herbert R. Strauss Collection of Adams Family Letters, manuscript Jefferson provides advice to William 1763-1829. Includes 17 letters written by John Short, his private secretary in Paris, for Short’s Adams, Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams, and travels in Italy. He also requests favors from Short, Samuel Adams; recipients include James Madison including the purchase of books, wine, and a pasta- and Dr. Benjamin Rush. Call # Vault Case MS 6A 81 maker. Call # Vault Mi Adams, John. Letter to John Jay, December 19, 1800. The Papers of John Adams. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Upon the resignation of Oliver Ellsworth from the Press of Harvard University Press, 1977-<2016>. The office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, series “General Correspondence and Other Papers of President Adams sent this letter to Jay advising him the Adams Statesmen,” in 19 volumes to date, cover of his renomination to that office.
    [Show full text]
  • American Archivists the American Archivist
    VOLUME 63 • NUMBER I • SPRING/SUMMER 2000 the AMERICAN Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/63/1/2/2749247/aarc_63_1_f5333p4525641387.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 ARCHIVIST Published by The Society of American Archivists The American Archivist Philip B. Eppard, Editor, University at Albany, State University of New York Teresa M. Brinati, Director of Publications, Society of American Archivists Nell Wade, Copy Editor Cynthia K. Sauer, Editorial Associate Barbara L. Craig, Reviews Editor, University of Toronto Editorial Board Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/63/1/2/2749247/aarc_63_1_f5333p4525641387.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Nancy Bartlett (1999-2003), University of Michigan Terry Cook (1997-2001), National Archives of Canada Lawrence J. McCrank (1996-2000), Davenport College Roberts. Martin (1998-2002), Texas Woman's University James M. O'Toole (1998-2002), Boston College Deborah Skaggs (1999-2003), The Frank Russell Company Victoria Irons Walch (1996-2000), Consultant Elizabeth Yakel (1997-2001), University of Pittsburgh The Society of American Archivists PRESIDENT H. Thomas Hickerson, Cornell University VICE PRESIDENT Leon Stout, Pennsylvania State University TREASURER Robert Sink, New York Public Library EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Susan E. Fox Council Members Fynnette Eaton (1997-2000), Smithsonian Institution Mark Greene (1999-2002), Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village Dennis Harrison (1998-2001), Case Western Reserve University Karen Jefferson (1997-2000), Atlanta University Center Jane Kenamore (1998-2001), Consultant Richard Pearce-Moses (1999-2002), Arizona Department of Library, Archives & Public Records Helen Tibbo (1997-2000), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Becky Haglund Tousey (1999-2002), Kraft Foods, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Grade Social Studies Blizzard Bag #2 Presidential Trivia
    8th Grade Social Studies Blizzard Bag #2 Presidential Trivia 1. Which president was the only president who wasn’t elected to the presidency or vice-presidency? a. Gerald Ford b. Chester A. Arthur c. James Polk 2. At what school did Woodrow Wilson hold the title President Wilson? a. Princeton University b. George Washington University c. Colby College 3. What award did John F. Kennedy receive for his book, Profiles in Courage? a. National Book Award b. Nobel Prize for Literature c. Pulitzer Prize 4. Who, besides John F. Kennedy, is the only other president to be buried at Arlington National Cemetery? a. Ulysses S. Grant b. Thomas Jefferson c. William Howard Taft 5. How old was Andrew Johnson when he was taught to read? a. 17 b. 3 c. 22 6. How did Grover Cleveland avoid military service? a. Purchased a substitute to b. Pretended he had an injury c. Hid at a distant relative’s serve for him in the Civil house War 7. What was “James Madison’s War”? a. Spanish-American War b. War of 1812 c. Civil War 8. Which future president served as a general in the War of 1812? a. James Monroe b. William Henry Harrison c. James Madison 9. In what war did George Bush serve? a. Vietnam War b. Korean War c. World War II 10. What region of the country was Calvin Coolidge from? a. New England b. the South c. Midwest 11. How was President John Adams related to Samuel Adams? a. Distant cousins b. Sam was his nephew c.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for Teachers John Trumbull's Declaration Of
    Resources for Teachers John Trumbull’s Declaration of Independence CONVERSATION STARTERS • What is happening with the Declaration of Independence in this painting? o The Committee of Five is presenting their draft to the President of the Continental Congress, John Hancock. • Both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson apparently told John Trumbull that, if portraits couldn’t be painted from life or copied from other portraits, it would be better to leave delegates out of the scene than to poorly represent them. Do you agree? o Trumbull captured 37 portraits from life (which means that he met and painted the person). When he started sketching with Jefferson in 1786, 12 signers of the Declaration had already died. By the time he finished in 1818, only 5 signers were still living. • If you were President James Madison, and you wanted four monumental paintings depicting major moments in the American Revolution, which moments would you choose? o Madison and Trumbull chose the surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, the Declaration of Independence, and the resignation of Washington. VISUAL SOURCES John Trumbull, Declaration of Independence (large scale), 1819, United States Capitol https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg John Trumbull, Declaration of Independence (small scale), 1786-1820, Trumbull Collection, Yale University Art Gallery https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/69 John Trumbull and Thomas Jefferson, “First Idea of Declaration of Independence, Paris, Sept. 1786,” 1786, Gift of Mr. Ernest A. Bigelow, Yale University Art Gallery https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/2805 PRIMARY SOURCES Autobiography, Reminiscences and Letters of John Trumbull, from 1756 to 1841 https://archive.org/details/autobiographyre00trumgoog p.
    [Show full text]
  • John-Adams-3-Contents.Pdf
    Contents TREATY COMMISSIONER AND MINISTER TO THE NETHERLANDS AND TO GREAT BRITAIN, 1784–1788 To Joseph Reed, February 11, 1784 Washington’s Character ....................... 3 To Charles Spener, March 24, 1784 “Three grand Objects” ........................ 4 To the Marquis de Lafayette, March 28, 1784 Chivalric Orders ............................ 5 To Samuel Adams, May 4, 1784 “Justice may not be done me” ................... 6 To John Quincy Adams, June 1784 “The Art of writing Letters”................... 8 From the Diary: June 22–July 10, 1784 ............. 9 To Abigail Adams, July 26, 1784 “The happiest Man upon Earth”................ 10 To Abigail Adams 2nd, July 27, 1784 Keeping a Journal .......................... 12 To James Warren, August 27, 1784 Diplomatic Salaries ......................... 13 To Benjamin Waterhouse, April 23, 1785 John Quincy’s Education ..................... 15 To Elbridge Gerry, May 2, 1785 “Kinds of Vanity” .......................... 16 From the Diary: May 3, 1785 ..................... 23 To John Jay, June 2, 1785 Meeting George III ......................... 24 To Samuel Adams, August 15, 1785 “The contagion of luxury” .................... 28 xi 9781598534665_Adams_Writings_791165.indb 11 12/10/15 8:38 AM xii CONteNtS To John Jebb, August 21, 1785 Salaries for Public Officers .................... 29 To John Jebb, September 10, 1785 “The first Step of Corruption”.................. 33 To Thomas Jefferson, February 17, 1786 The Ambassador from Tripoli .................. 38 To William White, February 28, 1786 Religious Liberty ........................... 41 To Matthew Robinson-Morris, March 4–20, 1786 Liberty and Commerce....................... 42 To Granville Sharp, March 8, 1786 The Slave Trade............................ 45 To Matthew Robinson-Morris, March 23, 1786 American Debt ............................ 46 From the Diary: March 30, 1786 .................. 49 Notes on a Tour of England with Thomas Jefferson, April 1786 ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Did Samuel Adams Provoke the Boston Tea Party and the Clash at Lexington^
    Did Samuel Adams Provoke the Boston Tea Party and the Clash at Lexington^ BY BERNHARD KNOLLENBERG N HIS well-known Sam Adams Pioneer in Propaganda I Prof. John C. Miller states : "Yet there was an escape from this dilemma [of what to do when the tea arrived at Boston] which, had Sam Adams permitted, ... would have made unnecessary the Boston Tea Party. If the tea ships anchored below Castle William in- stead of entering the port of Boston, they could return to England without a pass from the governor, payment of duty, or observance of any of the formalities required by Parlia- mentary law. [Governor] Hutchinson planned to avert the crisis he saw gathering in Boston by ordering the tea ships to anchor below the Castle so that, if it appeared that the tea could not be landed, they could set sail for the mother country. But Sam Adams had very different plans for the 'plagued' East India tea. ... Adams seldom let slip an opportunity to plunge the colonies deeper into controversy with Great Britain; and he soon showed that he had no intention of allowing the crisis brought on by the East India Tea Act to pass quietly. When the first tea ship [the Dart- mouth] anchored below Castle William, its captain was sum- moned before the Boston committee of correspondence, where he was ordered by Adams and other committeemen to bring his ship up to the Boston wharves and land all the cargo except the tea on pain of being tarred and feathered by the Liberty Boys."^ ' John C.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—House H1608
    H1608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE April 24, 2002 decades, including those in Cambodia, Raja; Valsa Raju; Edward Rall; Luke Harris Russin; Michael Thomas Russo, Rwanda, Kosovo, attest to this fact. We Rambousek; Maria Isabel Ramirez; Sr.; Wayne Alan Russo; William R. must continue teaching our children Harry Ramos; Deborah Ramsaur; Ruth; John Joseph Ryan; Matthew L. tolerance so the next generation is Lorenzo Ramzey; Alfred Todd Rancke; Ryan; Edward Ryan; Jonathan Stephan armed with the knowledge and the Adam David Rand; Jonathan C. Ran- Ryan; Tatiana Ryjova; Christina Sunga power to defeat racial and religious dall; Shreyas Ranganath; Faina Ryook; Jason E. Sabbag; Thomas E. persecution wherever it arises. Rapoport; Rhonda Rasmussen; Robert Sabella; Scott Saber; Charles E. Sabin; We refuse to acknowledge and under- Arthur Rasmussen; Ameenia Rasool; Joseph F. Sacerdote; Jessica Sachs; stand racial and religious intolerance. Roger Mark Rasweiler; Marsha Dianah Francis John Sadocha; Joud Elie Safi; We are doomed to repeat the same Ratchford; David Alan James Rathkey; Brock Safronoff; Art Saiya; Edward tragedies again and again if we do not William R. Raub; Gerard Rauzi; Alexey Saiya; Kalyan K. Sakar; Marjorie C. constantly use our voices and our pray- Razuvaev; Gregory Reda; Sarah Salamone; John Patrick Salamone; ers for a much better situation in the Redheffer; Michele Marie Reed; Judith Juan Salas; Hernando R. Salas; 21st century of this country. A. Reese; Donald J. Regan; Robert Esmerlin Salcedo; John Salvatore Mr. Speaker, I thank the Chair for Regan; Thomas M. Regan; Christian Salerno; Rahma Salie; Richard L. this opportunity to commemorate the Regenhard; Howard Reich; Gregory Salinardi; Anne Marie Ferreira Armenian genocide.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Declaration of Independence
    THEME: SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE: (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Massachusetts COUNTY- NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Middlesex INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DATE (Type all entries — complete applicable sections) liiiiiiiiiiijji^ C OMMON: Hancock-Clarke House (John Hancock Boyhood House) AND/OR HISTORI C: Hancock-Clarke House ^ e^; ' : ' - o :;:^ •;.;- > • ^-^m STREET AND NUMBER: 35 Hancock Street CITY OR TOWN: Lexington STATE CODE COL NTY ' CODE Massachusetts Middlesex ii:2i/istPi£iIf oi;: : ; r - #. • : - •• • ; . -. • " ' •'•• -: ' ;: •; : :• • .; • •.•..: •' ,• :; ?:>•-;••: ; ; -;;:. ;, ;;-'- • • ^ STATUS ACCESSIBLE CATEGORY OWNERSHIP (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC Q District JX| Building 1 1 Public Public Acquisition: ^] Occupied Yes: . I 1 Restricted Q Site Q Structure 8 Private D tn Process D Unoccupied Q Object d] Both n Being Cons iaereaidered r-i — ji Preservationr> . work, X] Unrestricted in progress ' — ' PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) I | Agricultural | | Government Q Park I 1 Transportation 1 1 Comments Q Commercial [HI Industrial Q Private Residence (~1 Other fSperify) Q Educational 1 1 Military Q Religious Q Entertainment (Xi Museum Q Scientific . .. .* . ... ||i;|i|ii;;| iHI :-: ?;£;$?. CRT v • • • .• : • •; '. • ; '.•:; • ; •:, ]^S^M^M^^MM^ • v;: - • '•' •••- ^Sillislll OWNER-* NAME: Mr .G. Warren Butters. President (862-8885) Lexington Historical Society > (I STREET AND NUMBER: Box ffi/!/ llii CITY OR TOWN: STATE: CODE Lexington 02173 Massachusetts ^;iGllf :0*Js{?£^ ii&ifci-fcfe SCR IP T I ON : : : • : iil •:•:•:•.•.•::•:•.:•:•'•:•:•. ••:::-^-:-. ::..,-...•. :.•:•••••.•:•,•••: •:••:•..' •, ••.-:' • .-•• • •' •• . • •' ' •'. •' COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: County Courthouse COUNTY: STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE East Cambridge Massachusetts -i-i— |f | ;;;:||li|||ii>*f $$!$$; 1$ E X ) &T W G SU R V E Y S TITLE OF SURVEY: NUMBERENTRY Historic American Buildings Survey (2 photos).
    [Show full text]