DOCSLIB.ORG

Bivalvia Carditidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES REPRODUCTION IN CARD- FJ,OmANA (CONRAD) (BIVALVIA CARDITIDAE) BY MARGARET C. HARVEY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded Summer Semester, 1995 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Margaret C. Harvey defended on 19 August 1994. Professor Directing Thesis Committee Member Committee Member Appproved: __L______I_______ of Biological Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their help with various aspects of my project: S. Cook, here at the University of South Florida in Tampa, for her unlimited patience and technical expertise in formatting this manuscript; Dr. F. James, for help with the morphornetrics, and M.B. Kotrla, K. Riddle, K. Womble and also B. Barfield, of the Panama City Shell Club, for introducing me to my research site. A. Black and D. Watson were most gen- erous in their assistance with the histology. I appreciate the guidance and ad- vice of my committee members, Drs. W. Heard, R. Mariscal, L. Keller, and W. Krebs, and Dr. Heard for some financial support. I also wish to thank Dr. Krebs for both the insightful statistical consultations and his friendship. I am thankful for the $500 grant awarded to me by the Conchological Society of America and to R. Tucker Abbott for his helpful advice. I would like to thank the personnel of Tyndall Air Force Base for allowing me access to the site. Finally, I am deeply grateful for assistance in the field and especially for the unlimited patience and support of M. Palotisi Harvey. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXe LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii ABSTRACT ix INTRODUCTION 1 Terminology 1 Bivalvia 6 Carditacea: Carditidae: Carditamera floridana 7 MATERIALS AND METHODS 11 Individual Sexuality, Sex Ratio, Sexual Dimorphism in She11 Shape 11 Reproductive System Structure 14 Reproductive Periodicity 14 Histochemistry of Reproductive System 16 Egg Mass and Developmental Stages 17 RESULTS 18 Individual Sexuality, Sex Ratio, Sexual Dimorphism of Shell Shape 18 lndlvldualSexualitvdbW.. 18 Sexual DimorDhism in Shell Shape 18 Reproductive Periodicity 21 AnnualPeriodicitv 21 Svnchronicity Amon2 Jndividuals 25 Tcmucrature and Annual Periodicity 25 Histochemistry of the Reproductive System 31 Structure &&g Reproductive&Ska 31 Vitellov- 31 SourcesdNaturepfMucins 31 Egg Mass and Developmental Stages 35 Counts of Developinv Individuals 40 Develoomental- 40 iv DISCUSSION 43 Oviparity in the Bivalvia 43 Oviparity in Carditamera floridana and Possible Adaptive Significance 44 Individual Sexuality, Sex Ratio, Sexual Dimorphism.. in Shell Shape 47 IndlYKuSexualitvd%BiltiQ 47 Sexual Dimorphism in Shell Shape 49 Reproductive Periodicity 49 Annual- 49 Synchronicity Amone Individuals 51 Temperature and Annual Periodicity 53 Histochemistry of the Reproductive System 53 Structure of Reuroductive Svstem 53 Vitelloeenesis 54 Sourcesan8mQfMucins 55 Egg Mass and Developmental Stages 57 counts. Develouine Individuals 58 DeveloDmental- 59 APPENDIX I Compilation of Oviparous Bivalves Exhibiting Extended Care: Adult Size, Habitat, and Distribution 61 APPENDIX 11 Compilation of Oviparous Bivalves Exhibiting Extended Care: Oocyte Diameters, Notes on Reproduction and Development, and References 65 LITERAWRE CITED 71 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 79 V LIST OF TABLES rn w 1. Comparison of Gonadal States of Male and 23 Female c. floridana 2. Shell Lengths of Juvenile c. floridana 24 3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov s-Sample Test; Column 28 Totals 4. Kolmogorov-Smirnov s-Sample Test 29 5. Histochemical Test Results 34 vi LIST OF FIGURES Eik3m u 1. Map of Study Site 12 2. Size-frequencies of Male and Female c. florldana 19 3. Shape Variables of Male and Female c. foridana 20 4. Reproductive Periodicity 22 5. Synchronicity of Reproduction 26 6. Mean Oocyte Diameters and Seawater Temperatures 30 7. Photo of Histologic Slide of Ovary 33 8. Photo of Histologic Slide of Ovary 33 9. Photo of Unfixed Oocyte 33 10. Photo of Histologic Slide of Ovary 33 11. Photo of Histologic Slide of Kidney 37 12. Photo of Histologic Slide of Kidney 37 13. Photo of Histologic Slide of Ovary 37 14. Photo of Histologic Slide of Ovary 37 15. Photo of C floridam with Egg Mass 39 16. Photo of G. floridana with Egg Mass 39 17. Photo of c. floridana with Egg Mass 39 18. Photo of Live c.floridma Embryo 39 vii A Eiw= 19. Adult Size and Number of Embryos 43 viii ABSTRACT Oviparous reproduction in Carditamera floridana was studied in St. Andrew's Sound, near Mexico Beach, Florida, between May 1992 and February 1994. This species is gonochoristic; the sex ratio is highly skewed toward males in the lowest size range. Shell height plays a greater role in larger fe- males' shape than in males. The reproductive cycle was monophasic between January 1993 and February 1994. Females were spent between 6 April and 6 June. Mean oocyte diameters were greatest between February and March. Synchronicity among females within a sampling period was greatest prior to the spawning event and less evident at other times. There is no evidence of a distinct vitellogenic mechanism. Mucous se- cretions from various tissues are noted and characterized. The egg mass was a sticky, mucilagenous secretion issuing from the right suprabranchial chamber. The right inner ctenidium distends so that the filaments of the ascending and descending lamellae were widely separated. The egg mass passed through the exhalant chamber to the exhalant siphon, to which it remains attached. Development is direct, with the release of crawl- away juvcniles. Density of embryos within an egg mass ranged to a high of approximately 17,000 and appeared to be correlated to some extent with the size of the adult. The egg mass deteriorates over a period of 14 days. ix This oviparous mode of deveIopment is unique in the number of ju- veniles produced, the extent of parental care involved, the subtropical range of the species, and the lack of a distinct vitellogenic mechanism. X INTRODUCTION Terminology Many marine benthic invertebrates are external fertilizers, although representatives of diverse phyla have varying strategies of oviparity, ovo- viviparity, and viviparity. Oviparity is the production of eggs that undergo development after deposition by the parent on the substrate or other firm ob- ject. Ovoviviparity is the production of eggs that undergo development within the body of the parent without a vascular connection between the par- ent and the developing young. Viviparity is production of eggs that undergo development within the body of the parent with a vascular (placental) con- nection between the parent and the developing young (Houghton, 1869). Young may be released either as larvae or juveniles (Mackie, 1984). Several classifications of different modes of larval development of ma- rine benthic invertebrates have been devised to present an integrated and useful descriptive scheme. Thorson's (1946,1950) proposal was broadIy based on the location of larval development, &., pelagic and non-pelagic. Pelagic larvae remain in the plankton throughout development. Thorson also cre- ated terms to make a distinction between larval feeding types within this group. Those larvae that rely on yolk reserves exclusively are lecitllotrophic, whereas planktotrophic larvae take nourishment from planktonic food ex- clusively. Thorson believed that the time spent feeding in the plankton is a further significant distinction. The term planktotrophy was reserved for those planktonic larvae that feed for a relatively long period of time. Nan- 1 pelagic larval developmental types included viviparous forms that were de- fined as undergoing development entirely within the parent, the young being released as juveniles (Sellmer, 1967). Also included in this groups are those larvae that develop completely within an egg-mass, feeding on either yolk re- serves of nurse eggs, and that are released in a juvenile benthic phase. Ockelmann (1965) revised the terminology and presented a classifica- tion that was based in part on studies of over 200 species of marine bivalves. He listed planktotrophic, lecithotrophic, and direct larval developmental types. Planktotrophy referred to those larvae for which feeding on plankton was imperative in order to achieve metamorphosis. Lecithotrophic larvae were stated to rely either solely on yolk reserves up until metamorphosis or to feed on plankton immediately prior to this event, although not by neces- sity. Direct development implied lecithotrophy and the lack of pelagic larval phase. Milcikovsky (1974) recognized four categories of larval development among marine benthic invertebrates: (1)pelagic (occurring in the open sea); (2) demersal (larvae capable of swimming to a limited extent and in which development occurs within the near-substrate water layer or on the substrate itself); (3) direct, and (4)viviparity, The pelagic developmental type was ex- tended to include seven subtypes based on the ecology of various species. Due to the innumerable permutations that exist, Mileikovsky acknowledged the near impossibility of establishing clear distinctions between the four types de- fined. Poccilogony, a polymorphism in development in which there is pre- sent than one distinctive kind of development within the Same sexu- ally reproducing species (Hoagland & Robertson, 1988)~comprises Yet another n L dimension in the classification of larval types. very few cases have been veri- fied, all in Polychaeta. The
Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt

    National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt

    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
  • Response to Oxygen Deficiency (Depletion): Bivalve Assemblages As an Indicator of Ecosystem Instability in the Northern Adriatic Sea

    Response to Oxygen Deficiency (Depletion): Bivalve Assemblages As an Indicator of Ecosystem Instability in the Northern Adriatic Sea

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Response to oxygen deficiency (depletion): Bivalve assemblages as an indicator of ecosystem instability in the northern Adriatic Sea Vedrana NERLOVIĆ1, Alper DOĞAN2 & Mirjana HRS-BRENKO1 1Ruđer Bošković Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Benthic communities represent a powerful tool for the detection of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, as well as for the assessment of marine ecosystem stability. This paper shows that Bivalve assemblages could serve as excellent indicators of disturbance and ecosystem instability. The goal of this study was to compare two sets of data in order to determine the differences between two different periods belonging to Bivalve assemblage in the muddy detritic bottom of the northern Adriatic Sea in the post-anoxic period during December 1989, 1990, 1991 and quite a while later, during 2003, 2004 and 2005. Abundances of some indicator species such as Corbula gibba, Modiolarca subpicta, and Timoclea ovata were detected during the post-anoxic period. Recruitment in the quality of Bivalve assemblages was proved by the ecologic and biotic indexes during 2003, 2004 and 2005, during a period of relatively stable ecological conditions. Fluctuation in Bivalve diversity due to the ecological quality of the marine ecosystem in the eastern part of the northern Adriatic Sea is also discussed. Key words: hypoxia; Bivalve assemblages; indicator species; soft bottoms; northern Adriatic Sea Introduction Recent reviews and summaries have provided good introductions on how hypoxia and anoxia came to be such a large and serious problem in the aquatic ecosystem (Gray et al.
  • High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project

    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project

    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00 For: The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme Report issued 30 August 2002 (Version with minor corrections 16 September 2002) Keith Hiscock, Harvey Tyler-Walters and Hugh Jones Reference: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H. & Jones, H. 2002. High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Report from the Marine Biological Association to The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme. (AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00.) Correspondence: Dr. K. Hiscock, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB. [email protected] High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species ii High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species Title: High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Contract Report: W/35/00632/00/00. Client: Department of Trade and Industry (New & Renewable Energy Programme) Contract management: AEA Technology, Environment. Date of contract issue: 22/07/2002 Level of report issue: Final Confidentiality: Distribution at discretion of DTI before Consultation report published then no restriction. Distribution: Two copies and electronic file to DTI (Mr S. Payne, Offshore Renewables Planning). One copy to MBA library. Prepared by: Dr. K. Hiscock, Dr. H. Tyler-Walters & Hugh Jones Authorization: Project Director: Dr. Keith Hiscock Date: Signature: MBA Director: Prof. S. Hawkins Date: Signature: This report can be referred to as follows: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H.
  • Marine Bivalve Molluscs

    Marine Bivalve Molluscs

    Marine Bivalve Molluscs Marine Bivalve Molluscs Second Edition Elizabeth Gosling This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd First edition published 2003 © Fishing News Books, a division of Blackwell Publishing Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  • Paleontology and Sedimentology of Middle Eocene Rocks in Lago Argentino Area, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

    Paleontology and Sedimentology of Middle Eocene Rocks in Lago Argentino Area, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

    AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 46 (1): 27-47. Buenos Aires, 30-04-2009 ISSN 0002-7014 Paleontology and sedimentology of Middle Eocene rocks in Lago Argentino area, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Silvio CASADÍO1,2, Miguel GRIFFIN1,2, Sergio MARENSSI3,2, Laura NET4, Ana PARRAS1,2, Martín RODRÍGUEZ RAISING5,2 and Sergio SANTILLANA3 Abstract. Sedimentological and paleontological study of the Man Aike Formation at the Estancia 25 de Mayo, SW of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, represents the evolution of an incised valley from fluvial to marine environment during the late middle Eocene. At the base of the unit there is an unconformity that corresponds to fluvial channels which cut down into the underlying Maastrichtian sandstones of the Calafate Formation. The fauna of invertebrates (mostly molluscs) illustrated herein was collected from shell beds interpreted as tidal ravinement surfaces. The fauna includes terebratulid brachiopods, bivalves of the families Malletiidae, Mytilidae, Pinnidae, Ostreidae, Pectinidae, Carditidae, Crassatellidae, Lahillidae, Mactridae, Veneridae, and Hiatellidae, and gastropods of the families Trochidae and Calyptraeidae, and a member of Archaeogastropoda of uncertain affinities. The similarities of this fauna with that recorded in the Upper Member of the Río Turbio Formation, together with 87Sr/86Sr ages, sug- gest a late Middle Eocene age for the Man Aike Formation. Resumen. PALEONTOLOGÍA Y SEDIMENTOLOGÍA DE LAS ROCAS DEL EOCENO MEDIO EXPUESTAS EN EL ÁREA DE LAGO ARGENTINO, PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA. Los estudios sedimentológicos y paleontológicos real- izados en rocas asignadas a la Formación Man Aike, expuestas en la estancia 25 de Mayo, al sur de Calafate, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina, sugieren que esta unidad representa la evolución de un valle inciso desde ambientes fluviales a marinos durante el Eoceno medio tardío.
  • The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos

    The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos

    THE FESTIVUS ISSN 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XXIX December 4, 1997 Supplement The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galapagos Kirstie L. Kaiser Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE FAUNA OF THE ISLAS GALApAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 4 December 1997 SiL jo Cover: Adapted from a painting by John Chancellor - H.M.S. Beagle in the Galapagos. “This reproduction is gifi from a Fine Art Limited Edition published by Alexander Gallery Publications Limited, Bristol, England.” Anon, QU Lf a - ‘S” / ^ ^ 1 Vol. XXIX Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 DISCUSSION 2 RESULTS 2 Table 1: Deep-Water Species 3 Table 2: Additions to the verified species list of Finet (1994b) 4 Table 3: Species listed as endemic by Finet (1994b) which are no longer restricted to the Galapagos .... 6 Table 4: Summary of annotated checklist of Galapagan mollusks 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 LITERATURE CITED 7 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF GALAPAGAN MOLLUSKS 17 APPENDIX 2: REJECTED SPECIES 47 INDEX TO TAXA 57 Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE EAUNA OE THE ISLAS GALAPAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER' Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Introduction marine mollusks (Appendix 2). The first list includes The marine mollusks of the Galapagos are of additional earlier citations, recent reported citings, interest to those who study eastern Pacific mollusks, taxonomic changes and confirmations of 31 species particularly because the Archipelago is far enough from previously listed as doubtful.
  • Evolution of Oviductal Gestation in Amphibians MARVALEE H

    Evolution of Oviductal Gestation in Amphibians MARVALEE H

    THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 266394-413 (1993) Evolution of Oviductal Gestation in Amphibians MARVALEE H. WAKE Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California,Berkeley, California 94720 ABSTRACT Oviductal retention of developing embryos, with provision for maternal nutrition after yolk is exhausted (viviparity) and maintenance through metamorphosis, has evolved indepen- dently in each of the three living orders of amphibians, the Anura (frogs and toads), the Urodela (salamanders and newts), and the Gymnophiona (caecilians). In anurans and urodeles obligate vivi- parity is very rare (less than 1%of species); a few additional species retain the developing young, but nutrition is yolk-dependent (ovoviviparity) and, at least in salamanders, the young may be born be- fore metamorphosis is complete. However, in caecilians probably the majority of the approximately 170 species are viviparous, and none are ovoviviparous. All of the amphibians that retain their young oviductally practice internal fertilization; the mechanism is cloaca1 apposition in frogs, spermato- phore reception in salamanders, and intromission in caecilians. Internal fertilization is a necessary but not sufficient exaptation (sensu Gould and Vrba: Paleobiology 8:4-15, ’82) for viviparity. The sala- manders and all but one of the frogs that are oviductal developers live at high altitudes and are subject to rigorous climatic variables; hence, it has been suggested that cold might be a “selection pressure” for the evolution of egg retention. However, one frog and all the live-bearing caecilians are tropical low to middle elevation inhabitants, so factors other than cold are implicated in the evolu- tion of live-bearing.
  • Mollusks of Manuel Antonio National Park, Pacific Costa Rica

    Mollusks of Manuel Antonio National Park, Pacific Costa Rica

    Rev. Biol. Trop. 49. Supl. 2: 25-36, 2001 www.rbt.ac.cr, www.ucr.ac.cr Mollusks of Manuel Antonio National Park, Pacific Costa Rica Samuel Willis 1 and Jorge Cortés 2-3 1140 East Middle Street, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325, USA. 2Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. FAX: (506) 207-3280. E-mail: [email protected] 3Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. (Received 14-VII-2000. Corrected 23-III-2001. Accepted 11-V-2001) Abstract: The mollusks in Manuel Antonio National Park on the central section of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica were studied along thirty-six transects done perpendicular to the shore, and by random sampling of subtidal environments, beaches and mangrove forest. Seventy-four species of mollusks belonging to three classes and 40 families were found: 63 gastropods, 9 bivalves and 2 chitons, during this study in 1995. Of these, 16 species were found only as empty shells (11) or inhabited by hermit crabs (5). Forty-eight species were found at only one locality. Half the species were found at one site, Puerto Escondido. The most diverse habitat was the low rocky intertidal zone. Nodilittorina modesta was present in 34 transects and Nerita scabricosta in 30. Nodilittorina aspera had the highest density of mollusks in the transects. Only four transects did not clustered into the four main groups. The species composition of one cluster of transects is associated with a boulder substrate, while another cluster of transects associates with site.
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project

    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project

    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
  • Mollusca) Del Tortoniense Superior De Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla

    Mollusca) Del Tortoniense Superior De Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla

    SPANISH JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY Estudio paleontológico de los bivalvos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla) Joaquín CÁRDENAS1*, Ildefonso BAJO2 & M. Vicente MAESTRE2 1 Plaza de España, 10, 1º D, 41702 Dos Hermanas, Sevilla; [email protected] 2 Museo de Alcalá de Guadaíra, Sección de Paleontología, c/ Juan Pérez Díaz s/n, 41500, Alcalá de Guadaíra, Sevilla * Corresponding author Cárdenas, J., Bajo, I. & Maestre, M.V. 2017. Estudio paleontológico de los bivalvos (Mollusca) del Tortoniense superior de Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla). [Palaeontological study of the bivalves (Mollusca) of the late Tortonian of Arroyo Trujillo, Cantillana (Sevilla)]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 32 (2), 367-386. Manuscript received 19 April 2017 © Sociedad Española de Paleontología ISSN 2255-0550 Manuscript accepted 21 August 2017 RESUMEN ABSTRACT En este trabajo se actualiza la estratigrafía y se estudia la In this work, the stratigraphy of Arroyo Trujillo (Cantillana, comunidad de bivalvos fósil del yacimiento Arroyo Trujillo Sevilla) site, in the Guadalquivir Basin, is updated and the (Cantillana, Sevilla) en la zona central de la Cuenca del fossil bivalve community is studied. A new stratigraphic Guadalquivir. Se ha realizado una nueva columna estratigráfi ca, section has been made, differentiating four sections y en ella se diferencian cuatro tramos correspondientes al encompassed in the Transgressive Basal Complex of the upper Complejo Basal Transgresivo del Tortoniense superior. Han Tortonian. One hundred and thirty two bivalves have been sido identifi cados 132 taxones de bivalvos, diez de los cuales identifi ed, 10 out of them are mentioned for the fi rst time in se citan por primera vez en la península Ibérica.
  • Identifying Lethal Temperatures Targeting Immature Life Stage Control of Spotted Wing Drosophila

    Identifying Lethal Temperatures Targeting Immature Life Stage Control of Spotted Wing Drosophila

    AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FINAL REPORT FUNDING CYCLE 2015 – 2017 TITLE: Identifying Lethal Temperatures Targeting Immature Life Stage Control of Spotted Wing Drosophila RESEARCH LEADER: Vaughn Walton COOPERATORS: Daniel Dalton, Riki York SUMMARY: Survival of spotted wing drosophila (D. suzukii, SWD) larvae to adulthood was evaluated after exposure to temperatures ranging 29-49°C in a laboratory thermal gradient bench for 60 minutes. Vials filled with pre-made fly diet up to approximately 1.5 cm from the bottom were used as oviposition media inside the gradient wells. Forty-three vials were prepared each day for 4 consecutive days. Five adult females were placed in each of 36 vials for 24 hours for oviposition to occur, seven vials were held as controls without flies. Upon removal, adult flies were placed in ethanol. Four ages were tested between 1-4-day old egg/larvae (i.e. 1 day old, 2 days old, 3 days old, and four days old). Sample vials were examined for oviposition success. Immature flies exposed temperatures of 32-35°C had the highest survival to adulthood. Above 38°C survival to adulthood with no survival at 41°C and 49°C, and a few surviving to adulthood under 45°C. An additional trial was conducted to evaluate the potential for thermal conditioning to improve larval survival at higher temperatures. For this study, four-day-old larvae were subject to 30, 60, and 90 minutes at 35°C, then allowed to cool to room temperature (22°C) for 60 minutes prior to placement in the thermal bench. These trials were used to determine how heat may reduce successful development to adulthood, leading to better management practices in the field.
  • THE LISTING of PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T

    THE LISTING of PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T

    August 2017 Guido T. Poppe A LISTING OF PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS - V1.00 THE LISTING OF PHILIPPINE MARINE MOLLUSKS Guido T. Poppe INTRODUCTION The publication of Philippine Marine Mollusks, Volumes 1 to 4 has been a revelation to the conchological community. Apart from being the delight of collectors, the PMM started a new way of layout and publishing - followed today by many authors. Internet technology has allowed more than 50 experts worldwide to work on the collection that forms the base of the 4 PMM books. This expertise, together with modern means of identification has allowed a quality in determinations which is unique in books covering a geographical area. Our Volume 1 was published only 9 years ago: in 2008. Since that time “a lot” has changed. Finally, after almost two decades, the digital world has been embraced by the scientific community, and a new generation of young scientists appeared, well acquainted with text processors, internet communication and digital photographic skills. Museums all over the planet start putting the holotypes online – a still ongoing process – which saves taxonomists from huge confusion and “guessing” about how animals look like. Initiatives as Biodiversity Heritage Library made accessible huge libraries to many thousands of biologists who, without that, were not able to publish properly. The process of all these technological revolutions is ongoing and improves taxonomy and nomenclature in a way which is unprecedented. All this caused an acceleration in the nomenclatural field: both in quantity and in quality of expertise and fieldwork. The above changes are not without huge problematics. Many studies are carried out on the wide diversity of these problems and even books are written on the subject.