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Volume One National Disaster Management VOLUME ONE NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PREPAREEDNESS PLAN 1 SECTION 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION The eleven year conflict in Sierra Leone underscores the need for a national disaster management plan with a coordinated and multi-sectoral approach to prevent, mitigate and respond to disasters. Events in recent times have shown that Sierra Leone is confronted with several hazards. These include weather, climatic, geological, ecological, pest, health, environment and other man-made hazards. The government of Sierra Leone has developed contingency plans for individual hazards and has harmonised these plans into a national plan through a comprehensive approach with inputs from the United Nations Agencies, Private Sector and other Non- Governmental Organisations. Some of these include the Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments jointly conducted by the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society and the Disaster Management Department and the National Hazard Profile developed by the Disaster Management Department. In spite of the good intention of government and its development partners to assist disaster victims, yet, it is clear that without a national plan that can be owned up by all the partners, efforts made would not be effective, efficient and comprehensive. Assistance of relief by disaster management experts would be better appreciated by disaster victims if it would be administered in a timely manner. This can only be achieved through a national disaster response plan. 2 1.1 PURPOSE The purpose of the National Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan (NDPRP) is to establish a comprehensive all-hazard approach to national incident management spectrum of activities including preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and recovery. The plan incorporates best practices as shown in other regions of the world. · The National Response Plan provides a framework of interaction between the State, Non-Governmental Organisations, United Nations Agencies, Private sector, Community-Based Organisations and Youth Groups. · The plan establishes a mechanism to maximise the integration of incident-related prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. · It provides a focus for inter agency and inter governmental emergency preparedness, planning, training, exercising, coordination and information sharing. · It spells out the process and methodology for implementing and managing national recovery and mitigation programmes and support / technical services. · The plan is meant to maximise efficient utilisation of resources needed for effective incident management and critical infrastructure/key resources’ protection and restoration. · It is intended to improve incident management communication links and increase situation awareness across the public, private and Non-Governmental Organisational structures. · The plan is geared towards an improvement in coordination and integration of national (and international), provincial, district, private sector and Non- Governmental Organisation partners. 3 · The plan points out the means of central government support in the form of resources to local effort with the view of saving lives and properties and the protection of public health and safety. · Thus, the plan establishes assumptions, policies, concept of operations, roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders’ institutions. 1.2 STAKEHOLDERS The National Disaster Management Plan is a working tool that is applicable in addressing major/minor disasters or emergencies. This covers both natural and man-made disasters. It can be used in all circumstances regardless of cause or other occasion or instance for which the National Security Coordinator (NSCoord) will determine the assistance needed to supplement provincial, district or local efforts and capabilities in their response to the disaster at hand. Throughout the National Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan (NDPRP), any reference to major disasters or emergencies generally implies a declaration by the National Security Coordinator. The NDPRP embrace the full range and constantly changing requirements that serve as a sequel to disasters. It makes room for saving lives, protecting properties and meeting basic human needs (response); restoring the disaster affected areas (recovery); and reducing vulnerability to future disaster (mitigation). The plan is applicable to all government ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs), the Private Sectors, local and international Non-Governmental Organisations and specialised agencies of the United Nations resident in the country. 4 The role of the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society and its partners has been fully define fully in this plan in disaster Preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery. The central government recognises the importance of an inter agency and community partnership to improve access to disaster assistance. Even though Heads of Local / District Councils shall request a declaration by the National Security Coordinator of disasters on behalf of their communities, yet agencies subsequently can work directly with the communities within existing structures and resources, to tailor disaster programmes to its unique needs. 1.3 PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS The NDPRP is based on the following planning assumptions and considerations: i. Events of disasters or emergencies have the likelihood of causing injuries and fatalities, property loss, and disruption of normal life support systems. Thus, it is bound to impact on the national economic, physical and social infrastructures of its inhabitants. ii. Therefore, top priorities for disaster management are to: · Save lives and protect the health, dignity and safety of the public, responders and recovery workers. · Ensure security of the affected community. · Protect and/or restore critical infrastructures and key resources. 5 · Protect properties and mitigate damages and impact to individuals, communities and the environment. · Facilitate recovery of individuals, families, business, government and the environment. iii. Disaster management activities will be initiated and conducted using the principles of combined expertise and capabilities of government at all levels, the private sectors, Non-Governmental Organisations and United Nations Agencies. Efforts of the above will be required to prevent, prepare for, respond to and recover from national disasters. iv. National disasters can be declared by the National Security Coordinator or the Chief of Staff in the absence of the NSCoord. The coordination of national emergencies at the strategic level is the major responsibility of the Disaster Management Department in the Office of National Security (ONS) as clearly stipulated in Section 18; subsection iv of the National Security and Central Intelligence Act 2002. v. Government ministries, departments and agencies, the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society and its partners, United Nations Agencies, and other Non-Governmental Organisations may be required to deploy in disaster sites at short notice to provide timely and effective mutual aid and/or assistance. vi. Large number of casualties, heavy damage to building and basic infrastructure and disruption of essential public services will overwhelm the capacities of the local communities to meet the needs of the communities which will warrant external interventions. vii. The degree of national involvement will be determined by the severity and magnitude of the disaster. The most devastating disasters may require government institutions taking the lead and supported by development partners. 6 1.4 LEVELS OF DISASTERS All levels of disasters shall march up with levels one, two and three situation as stipulated in the National Security Standard Response Guidelines. Level One: This refers to minor disasters, i.e., any disaster that is likely to be within the response capabilities of the local government, the community and stakeholders working within the affected community and results in only minimal need for national assistance. Level Two: This refers to major disaster, i.e., any disaster that would likely exceed local capabilities and require a broad range of national assistance. Level Three: This refers to an extreme disaster, i.e., any disaster that would require massive national assistance including military involvement and support through outside intervention (or international). Note: The National Security Coordinator will be notified by the Strategic Situation Group (SSG) based upon recommendations from the Disaster Management Department before the activation of the different levels can be effected. 1.5 NATIONAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FRAMEWORK The integrated disaster management authorities, policies, procedures and resources of the central and local government, United Nations Agencies as well as Non-Governmental Organisations, private sectors, local communities and international sources constitute the national disaster response framework for assistance delivery following major disasters. 7 The framework makes room for central government to assist with human and material resources in support of the affected communities in terms of emergencies. Under the National Security and Central Intelligence Act 2002, the Office of National Security has been mandated to coordinate national emergencies, preparedness planning, management and disaster assistance function. The Disaster Management Department (DMD) in the Office of National Security has been delegated the responsibility for establishing national disaster policy. In this stewardship role, the DMD has the
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