REI CRETARIÆ ROMANÆ FAVTORVM ACTA 41

CONGRESSVS VICESIMVS SEXTVS REI CRETARIÆ ROMANÆ FAVTORVM GADEI HABITVS MMVIII

BONN 2010 I © The individual authors

ISSN 0484-3401

Published by the REI CRETARIÆ ROMANÆ FAVTORES, an international learned society

Editorial committee: Dario Bernal Casasola Tatjana Cvjetićanin Philip M. Kenrick Simonetta Menchelli

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II This volume, on the theme “WORKING WITH ROMAN “, is dedicated to the memory of VIVIEN G. SWAN, expert on Roman pottery and kilns in 12.1.1943 – 1.1.2009

Vivien Swan was a striking presence at RCRF congresses, always dressed with style and never hesitant to express an opinion and to contribute to a debate. Her absence will certainly be noticed, and many of our members will have cause to remember with gratitude the extent to which she assisted or encouraged them in their researches. Vivien’s early archaeological career was spent with the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of Eng- land, working first at Salisbury and later at York. During this period, her interest in Roman pottery production in the New Forest led to a wider study, supported by the Commission and published in due course as The Pottery Kilns of Roman Britain (RCHM 1984). This is an enormous scholarly resource, listing in 1,383 entries details of every Roman known in Britain at the time, together with its known output; it still has no counterpart in other provinces. In the same year, the RCRF met for the first time in Britain, at Oxford and London. Vivien attended that congress and joined the Fautores, becoming a regular participant thereafter and herself organizing the next British congress, held at York and Newcastle- upon-Tyne in 1996. The York congress was impeccably organized (as we might have expected) and marked for the RCRF a new departure, inasmuch as each participant was issued with a congress handbook of 103 pages. This contained not only the programme and basic instructions, but extended essays on the sites to be visited on the various excursions, and, for the first time, a list of abstracts of the papers to be presented. This was also the first occasion (if my own memory serves me correctly) when posters became part of the formal programme. The following note on one of the opening pages is very characteristic of Vivien’s principles and her attention to detail: “USED POSTAGE STAMPS: Fautores may be interested to know that all the foreign stamps on your envelopes have been given to an international aid charity (Oxfam).”

III Alongside the stress of organizing this congress, Vivien had to cope at the same time with the personal stress of an imminent reorganization of the Royal Commission offices, and her potential transfer to Swindon, which she regarded with horror. In the event, her decision to leave the Commission and to work as a freelance pottery specialist proved to be a watershed. Discoveries in York had demonstrated the presence of potters working locally in a ceramic tradition whose home was in ; this provided the theme for much of her future research, tracing the ethnicity of military forces in the through their ceramic traditions and culinary practices. It is a commonplace of modern times that American forces across the world cannot function without their burgers, and it is now recognized that Roman troops also took their local traditions with them wherever they went. Vivien’s horizons and experience, initially confined to Britain and its immediate neighbours, were widened by attend- ance at the Timișoara (Romania) congress in 1994 and then by participation in the excavations of Andrew Poulter at Dichin in Bulgaria from 1998 onwards. Not only did this draw her into wider fields of study, but it also placed her in contact with a very much wider range of scholars, often working in environments very much less advantaged than her own. To these she was unstintingly supportive and encouraging. Her dedication to the field of Roman pottery studies was expressed equally effectively through the (British) Study Group for Roman Pottery, of which she was a founder member in 1971 and Presi- dent from 1985 to 1990; she was also for many years a co-convenor of the Roman Northern Frontiers Seminar, an important forum in Britain for the discussion and dissemination of ideas. Within the RCRF, she served as a trustee of the UK-based RCRF Trust, a separate entity set up to manage funds set aside for congress travel grants, from its inception in 1997 until her death. Her wide knowledge of many applicants and their work was of great assistance to her fellow trustees. Vivien’s contribution to Roman pottery studies was given public recognition in 2001 when she was awarded an honorary D. Litt. by the University of Wales. Vivien was found to have breast cancer in 1998, but made a very successful recovery following surgery: the experience must have been gruelling, but there were too many things of greater importance to her (such as the Dichin project) for her to become dominated by it. In the same way, she faced its return in 2007 with great fortitude. This time, it was clear that it could not ultimately be overcome; there were, nonetheless, commitments to be met and projects and ideas to be put into writing. Her determination to complete these and to continue to play as full a part as possible in Roman pottery studies undoubtedly prolonged her life, and those who saw her at the Late Roman Coarse Ware congress in Parma and Pisa in the spring of 2008, or at the RCRF congress in Cadiz in the autumn cannot have failed to be impressed by her. Vivien was utterly rigorous in her own writing and was intolerant of what she saw as sloppy work (or personal sloppi- ness) in others. Her opinions could be expressed with alarming vigour (which occasionally masked a lack of foundation), but this did not prevent her from countless acts of generosity. Her two last papers on ethnicity and troop movements were accepted, to her delight, for publication as a monograph in the JRA Supplementary Series.* Following Vivien’s death the publisher, John Humphrey, has taken the opportunity of including in the volume both tributes to the author and a bibliog- raphy of her published works: it stands as a fitting memorial to a remarkable intellect. Philip Kenrick

* Vivien Swan†, Ethnicity, Conquest and Recruitment: Two Case Studies from the Northern Military Provinces. Journal of Roman Archae- ology, Supplementary Series no. 72 (Portsmouth, Rhode Island 2009).

*

The following paper, presented at Cadiz in September 2008 to mark the retirement of Colin Wells as the President of the RCRF, has proved to be a more final valediction than we had anticipated. Professor Wells, who had enjoyed good health up to that point, suffered a serious stroke while in Wales on 6 March 2010 and died in hospital on 11 March, without regaining consciousness. With his passing we have lost a colleague of enormous erudition, which he wore lightly and with great charm; he will be much missed.

IV REI CRETARIÆ ROMANÆ FAVTORVM ACTA 41, 2010 FIFTY YEARS OF ROMAN POTTERY STUDIES

Colin M. Wells

FIFTY YEARS OF ROMAN POTTERY STUDIES RCRF presidential address, Cadiz, September 2008

This conference in Cadiz marks the 50th anniversary of the Comfort, whom I recognised when we met by the (MCC) publication of the inaugural volume of our Society’s Acta, cricket club tie he was wearing. The following summer I in which we published the papers given the previous year at drove down from Ottawa with my wife Kate and two chil- the very first meeting of the Society, held in Switzerland at dren to camp in the garden of the Comforts’ summer cottage Baden and Vindonissa in September 1957. The second vol- in Maine, until it rained so hard that the Comforts invited us ume published in 1959, comprised papers from the second to move inside. Howard gave me good advice and free ac- RCRF Congress held at Arezzo and in 1958. Con- cess to the proofs of the precious catalogue, while his wife gresses have since been held every other year, apart from showed my family the local sights. Both Elisabeth and three-year gaps between numbers 3 and 4, from 1958 to 1961, Howard were prodigal of their time and their knowledge. and 11 and 12, from 1977 and 1980. The Acta have for the Anything I have ever understood about TS I owe to their most part been linked to the Congresses (see table 1). I was initial stimulus. informally a pupil of the founders almost at the beginning Howard appears to have been the driving force behind the of the Society, I have now been President for the last six first volume of the Acta, which was cyclostyled and printed at years, and the end of this Congress marks the end of my the expense of Haverford College, with a preface in Howard’s term of office. What follows is a personal retrospective of elegant Latin. The volume had only 37 pages and contained the Fautores’ first fifty years. four articles on individual sites (Magdalensberg, Sabratha, The founders of the Society were Howard Comfort, some- Mittelbronn, and Arezzo), seven national or regional reports, time President of the American Philological Association, who one article of just over a page in length on sigillata estampada spent his career teaching Classics and coaching cricket at paleocristiana, and four brief notices of less than a page each. Haverford College, Pennsylvania, and Elisabeth Ettlinger, who The contributors included several of the leading pottery spe- lived almost all her life in Zurich and taught at the University cialists of the day, and the international character of the of Bern. Both were great authorities on terra sigillata (TS). Fautores was emphasised by the fact that six languages were Howard was the editor of the Oxé-Comfort Catalogue of TS used, including Latin. It was a private publication: “hic noster Stamps and author of many articles, and Elisabeth was re- libellus non per librarios sed tantum inter socios nostros sponsible for the TS from several sites along the . When divulgabitur”. It took the Ashmolean Library in Oxford six I first visited her house in Witikonerstrasse she had all the years to acquire a copy, which bears the acquisition stamp Neuss pottery in boxes around the walls, and I remember a dated 6 May 1964. fellow-archaeologist saying that every sherd unearthed at Volume 2 followed in 1959 and was typeset but still some- Neuss came to the surface crying out, “Take me to Dr. what amateur in appearance and proof-reading. Another Latin Ettlinger”. Physically they were a great contrast, Elisabeth preface records the decision to meet every two or three years rather small and quick in her movements, Howard very tall in future rather than annually. It is followed by 15 further and spare, slow of speech and movement, who thee’d and articles, of which 9 deal with TS and thin-walled Aco-type thou’d in Quaker fashion and looked very like a poster image beakers, and there are 3 national bibliographies, a proposal of Yankee Doodle. for standardising the reporting of pottery inventories, an ar- Both were immensely kind to me when I was writing my ticle by Graham Webster on Castor Ware, and the equivalent D.Phil. thesis for Oxford University in the early 60s and when of a Communicationes section, which records the death of subsequently I was turning most of it into what became The Felix Oswald at the age of 92. Of the five languages used German Policy of (Oxford, 1972). I spent the sum- the most frequent is German, which was to remain the lan- mer of 1963 travelling up the Rhine from Holland to Switzer- guage most used in Congresses and Acta for many years. land, visting museums and excavations and ending up in Volumes 3 through 8, which appeared from 1961 to 1966, Munich, working in the Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, were all edited by Michel Vanderhoeven at Tongres (Tongeren), and on the way my thesis supervisor, Prof. Sir Ian Richmond, and start to be strikingly more professional. None was spe- sent me to see Elisabeth for tutorials on Augustan TS. cifically linked to a given Congress, and conversely none of The following year I returned to my position at the Uni- the three Congresses that took place in these years, at versity of Ottawa, where I taught for 27 years, and it was Klagenfurt in 1961, Strasbourg in 1963, and on Mallorca in Elisabeth who suggested that I make contact with Howard 1965, had its own volume. Despite important articles in vol-

V COLIN M. WELLS ume 7 by Augusta Bruckner on cooking ware and Jean-Paul We do not hear a great deal more about the implications Morel on Campanian, these volumes reflect the almost ex- of the Lyon discoveries in the Acta. Much of the discussion clusive preoccupation with TS, particularly in northwest that they stimulated appeared instead in local French jour- Europe, which was characteristic of the fledgling Society. nals, in Figlina or elsewhere. TS in general however contin- For instance, volume 4 (1962) was exclusively devoted to ued to be well represented in the Acta, including in volume TS, with important artcles by both Comfort and Ettlinger 16 (1976) an amusing palinode by Howard Comfort, retract- on the stamps of the potter Ateius and his associates. Both ing false provenances that he had unwittingly promulgated articles make good use of the Oxé-Comfort catalogue, with- for TS from Lake Nemi and London: “Most of the evidence out which they could not have been written, and both are hitherto accepted as having London … as provenance has, concerned with where Ateius and his slaves and freedmen as we say, a fishy smell” (p. 159). actually worked, what Ettlinger calls “die Frage nach der Volume 17/18 (1977) was devoted to the 1975 Augst Con- Zeit und der Art der Verteilung einiger Produkte aus den gress, which I remember for its magnificent TS display, and Werkstätten des Ateius” (p. 27). included Siegmar von Schnurbein on pottery from the work- The Ettlinger article in particular highlights a question shops at Haltern, and my own paper on the dating of Augustan that could not be answered until new evidence came to light, TS, arguing that in the light of Lyon and other recent dis- the so-called “Ateius-Frage”. Oxé himself, she points out, coveries we need “a radical reexamination of accepted con- suggested that a large proportion of the Ateius ware found cepts and cherished terminology” (p. 132). I was in part re- north of the Alps came not from Italy but from provincial canting my acceptance of attempts to date TS too precisely centres of production “die entweder irgendwo in Gallien oder in my book, The German Policy of Augustus (Oxford, 1972, sogar am Rhein hergestellt wurde”. But no such provincial but essentially completed in 1969, before I knew about the workshop had ever been found, whereas Ateius wasters and Lyon discoveries), though I was careful to say, “I still stand stamps like those seen by the Fautores at Arezzo during their by the main lines of my argument and the conclusions 1958 Congress left no doubt about the presence of Ateius reached” (p. 132, n.2). The book includes an appendix on workshops there. The article is a model of clarity, with ta- “The Dating Value of TS” that cost me a lot of pain. Has bles and distribution maps, and Elisabeth’s German is mer- anyone today ever read it? cifully lucid and precise, easy even for a foreigner to under- On the way home from the Augst Congress, I called in at stand, as was her spoken German. The crucial discovery of Lyon to see for myself the finds from the Lyon workshops Ateius workshops at Lyon was still in the future and not to at Loyasse and La Muette, and Jean Lasfargues at the Musée be reported in the Acta until volume 13 (1971). de Civilisation Gallo-Romaine hospitably gave me the run The link between Acta and Congresses was restored with of the storerooms. Excited by what I saw, I phoned to volumes 9 (1967) and 10 (1968), both devoted to the 6th Con- Elisabeth Ettlinger in Zurich that evening and said she must gress, held in Aquincum (Budapest) in 1967. The main focus come over right away, which she did, I think the next Sun- is still on TS and Aco-Beakers, although other topics do push day, driven by her husband Leopold, and we spent several their way in. There are two articles on votive terracottas and hours together with Lasfargues in the unheated storeroom one on lamps, and articles on pottery production, on La Tène (it was cold in mid-September). It had once been almost an influences on provincial Roman pottery, and on Roman in- article of faith that Italian and Gaulish TS could always be fluence on early medieval pottery. Volume 11/12, the pro- told apart just from looking at them. No longer! I vividly ceedings of the Speyer Congress in 1969, contains nothing remember Elisabeth picking up these Ateius and other sherds but TS! It has 15 articles in 7 languages, including for the first made in Lyon and saying, wonderingly, “but you wouldn’t time Dutch. The Fautores are nothing if not international! know the difference, you just wouldn’t know the difference!” Volume 13 (1971), as already stated, carries the first men- Another personal recollection from the same year reflects tion of the discovery in the late 60s of TS workshops at Lyon, once again the predominance of TS and other fine wares, which amounted to a revolution in TS studies. As Hugues Vertet not only in the Acta, but in the appoach of many pottery reports, “nous sommes maintenant certains que l’on fabriquait specialists and dig directors. It was in 1976 that I began ex- dans cette ville (sc. Lyon) des gobelets et de la sigillée lisse et cavating at Carthage as Director of the 2nd Canadian Team moulée dès l’époque de Tibère, sinon d’Auguste” (p. 92). Even under the auspices of the UNESCO “Save Carthage” project, though the full implications have not yet been worked out, in which nearly a dozen countries took part. On some sites, the article breathes the excitement of the first discovery, “the not of course all, if pottery in those first years was consid- divine intoxication of the first league out from land”. Our ered to have any importance at all, it was only fine wares Honorary Member, Maurice Picon, in the next volume, 14/15 that were studied, while amphora sherds and the like went (1972/73), goes further. Speaking of “les productions de la straight onto the spoil heap. But it was Carthage that first succursale lyonnaise d’ATEIVS” found on sites in eastern opened my own eyes to the interest, the importance, and the Gaul and along the Rhine, whose manufacture at Lyon was potential of amphora studies. They have since come into established by chemical analysis in Picon’s own laboratory, their own, but where in 1976 did one go for a basic guide to he tentatively suggests, “elles pourraient même constituer le Roman amphoras? Callender’s Roman Amphorae (London, groupe le plus important sur certains sites, comme celui de 1965) was still in effect the last word. Haltern” (p. 130), a conclusion revolutionary at the time but The next two Congresses were held in notable centres of now abundantly confirmed. TS production, so that it is not surprising if Acta 19/20

VI FIFTY YEARS OF ROMAN POTTERY STUDIES

Table 1. Table of concordances between Acta volumes and congresses. Volumes 3–8 are annual issues (1961–66) not specifically linked to a Congress. During these years however three Congresses were held, but their proceedings were not separately published. These were nos. 3 (Klagenfurt, 1961), 4 (Strasbourg, 1963), and 5 (Mallorca, 1965). Volume 13 similarly is not linked to a specific Congress, whereas volume 14/15, although it does not say so, from internal evidence clearly contains papers from the 1971 Congress at Nijmegen.

(1979), from the 11th Congress at Metz and Nancy in 1977, on “Figuli im römischen Recht” opens wider perspectives, and 21/22 (1982), from the 12th at Millau in 1980, still show and in a sign of things to come Kevin Greene in “A spatial themselves predominantly interested in TS. The Congress analysis of pottery in the Neronian legionary fortress at Usk, at Metz and Nancy, organised by Marcel Lutz, sticks in my Gwent”, rather daringly admits to using a computer. memory as being gastronomically the finest I ever attended. With volume 25/26, from the 14th Congress, held in Ox- Lutz had excellent local connections, and the local muse- ford and London in 1984 and organised by Grace Simpson ums and mayors excelled themselves in hospitality. Nowhere together with our incoming President, Philip Kenrick, the else however have I seen so much ugly grotty pottery as the tide begins to turn. Among its 34 articles are discussions of local productions in the local museum storerooms. Even in amphoras and of bricks and tile, while a significant number volume 23/24 (1984), from the 13th Congress at Munich in deal with distribution and trade, like Elisabeth Ettlinger ask- 1982, 12 out of 15 articles are on TS, although Paul Bürgin ing “How was Arretine Ware sold?” and Elizabeth Lyding

VII COLIN M. WELLS Will discussing amphoras as economic indicators, plus our Succeeding volumes from 35 onwards reinforce this new Honorary Member Anna Marguerite McCann in a 50-page pattern. Volume 35 for instance, from the 20th Congress at article on the significance of the port of Cosa, Philip Kenrick York and Newcastle, contains 35 articles divided into five on trade patterns at Berenice, Kathleen Slane on Italian TS sections: pottery and the Roman army (9 articles), cooking imports at Corinth and many others. This was a wholly laud- ware (8), pottery manufacturing sites (6), sigillata and fine able attempt to set pottery studies in a much wider social wares (8), and various (4). The first three of these were de- and economic context. fined as the principal themes of the Congress. There were With the next three volumes of the Acta, however, we are another 27 papers or poster sessions not published. The long back to the predominance of TS: these are volumes 27/28 reign of TS appears to be over, and a detailed analysis of the (1990), from the 15th Congress at Worms in 1986, with our contents of the subsequent Acta would confirm it. Of par- Honorary Member Gerwulf Schneider reporting on the chemi- ticular interest is the 21st Congress at and - cal analysis of pottery from the middle Rhine; 29/30 (1991), mum, the only one so far held outside Europe, which em- from the 16th at Pleven; and 31/32 (1992), from the 17th at phasised the Eastern provinces and East-West exchanges, a Pavia in 1990. Worms (1986) was the Congresses at which total of 39 articles, with a further 11 on the Danube and the the project of a new Conspectus of sigillata types was dis- Balkans, whereas there were only 5 on Italian TS. I still cussed, Pavia (1990) where the resulting publication was un- deeply regret having had to miss this Congress because it veiled. For those of us who worked on it in the intervening clashed with my teaching duties in Texas. Fautores teaching years, it was a wonderful collegial experience. Elisabeth was in North America, where the university year generally starts our leader, Howard present on occasion in the background, in August or September, often have this problem. available for consultation. As for the Pavia Congress, the Acta Two years later, for the 22nd Congress at Lyon, as one contain a substantial article by me on “Pottery manufacture might expect, the West comes back to prominence. A dozen and military supply north of the Alps”, but I have no recollec- articles on Gaulish sites or productions include an invalu- tion of the Congress and I am sure I have never even been to able mise-au-point by Armand Desbat on the Lyon work- Pavia! I assume that someone read it for me, as happened at shops, culminating in a bibliography of 79 items. The 23rd the Ephesus/Pergamum Congress, or that it was not actually Congress at Rome produced, naturally enough, 20 papers given at the Congress, but still included in the proceedings. on Rome and Italy. The 24th at Namur and Louvain had as Henceforth TS is destined to play a lesser role in our pro- its major theme Late Antiquity and the 25th at Dürres the ceedings. The next Congress was the 18th, at Szekesfehervar pottery of the Via Egnatia. Dürres was notable for the mag- in 1992, but the Acta were delayed and appeared as volume nificent job of organisation that our Albanian colleagues did 34 (1995), while conversely volume 33 (1996) contained in sometimes difficult circumstances, and for the number of the papers from the 19th Congress at Timisoara. Volume 33 younger scholars participating. was the first produced by a new editor, Susanne Zabehlicky- It now seems to be accepted that an emphasis on the Scheffenegger, who continued in office until volume 39 and pottery of the region where the Congress is being held is achieved a professional standard for which we are all grate- natural and appropriate, and what is to be seen in local sites ful. The volumes took on the larger format with which we and museums may suggest other specific themes, just as the are familiar. Volume 33 comprised 22 articles, of which 6 present Congress at Cadiz has for its main theme kiln sites were on lamps, 1 on amphoras, and only 2 specifically on and pottery manufacture, a topic that, as far as my memory TS. An innovation was the list of 15 papers given at the goes, has not had much prominence since the 1977 Con- Congress but for one or another reason not included in the gress at Metz and Nancy, when we visited Rheinzabern. The Acta. The main themes of the Congress are defined as provin- next Congress will be in Belgrade, and provisional invita- cial centres of production, lamps, mortaria, and interdiscipli- tions for subsequent years look like taking us to other coun- nary research on pottery. Volume 34, edited and published in tries where we have never met before. We cannot however Hungary, devotes 16 out of 33 articles to lead-glazed wares and go anywhere unless invited, and there is no immediate pros- only 6 to TS. An article by Vivien Swan deducing the presence pect of meeting again outside Europe, where we have met of soldiers from in garrison with the legio VI victrix at only once in a half century. It is particularly regrettable that York in the early 3rd century from the shape of their cooking we have never met in North Africa, despite the role that that pots is a model of observation and deduction. As for TS, are its area played in the ceramic history of the Roman Empire. problems thought to have been largely solved after nearly 40 One would scarcely think that Africa produced any pottery, years in the forefront of pottery research, or has a new genera- to judge the pitiful scarcity of papers in the Acta on sites tion of Fautores simply broadened its interests? and productions in Africa over the years.

VIII

INHALTSVERZEICHNIS ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Vorwort der Redaktion ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ XIII

Eastern provinces

Charikleia DIAMANTI ○○○○○○○○○○○ Stamped Late Roman/Proto-Byzantine Amphoras from Halasarna of Kos ○○○○○○ 1 Justin LEIDWANGER

Amphoras from an early imperial shipwreck at Fig Tree Bay, . International imports and ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

local imitations ○○○○○○○○○ 9 Archer MARTIN

Observations on Italian sigillata: Ephesos ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 17

Andrei OPAIŢ & Aris TSARAVOPOULOS ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

A Chiote pottery workshop of the Roman period ○○○○○○○○○ 23

Christa SCHAUER ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Early Byzantine pottery workshops in Olympia ○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 29

The Balkans and the Danube region

Małgorzata DASZKIEWICZ, Eva BOBRYK, Gerwulf SCHNEIDER (with a contribution by Silviu RĂDAN) Composition and technology of Lower Danube Kaolin Ware (LDKW). Examples from Novae, Bulgaria 37

Piroska HÁRSHEGYI ○○○○ Amphorae from early Roman contexts. The case of Víziváros (Budapest, Hungary) ○○○○○○ 51 Eduard SHEHI

55 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Kilns in Albania. An overview ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Alka STARAC ○○○○○○ The workshop of Laecanius at Fažana. Some recent testimonies ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 61

Péter VAMOS ○○○○○○○○

Types of pottery kilns in Aquincum ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 67

Italy and Cisalpine Gaul

Margherita BERGAMINI (con il contributo di Paola COMODI) ○○○○○○○○○

Matrici e punzoni di Marcus Perennius Crescens a Scoppieto ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 75

Maria Laura CAFINI & Lucilla D’ALESSANDRO ○○○○○○○○○○ Anfore adriatiche a Roma. Rinvenimenti dall’area del Nuovo Mercato Testaccio○○○○ 93 Marta CASALINI & Milena CRESPI

Anfore tardoantiche di piccole dimensioni a fondo piatto dalle pendici nord-orientali del Palatino. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Nuovi dati alla luce di un riesame tipologico e petrografico ○○○○○○ 101

IX Alba CASARAMONA, Sara COLANTONIO, Barbara ROSSI, Claudia TEMPESTA & Gloria ZANCHETTA

Anfore cretesi dallo scavo del Nuovo Mercato di Testaccio ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 113

Raffaela CASSANO & Maria D. DE FILIPPIS ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Strutture artigianali e produzioni ceramiche ad Egnazia (BR, Italia) ○○○○○ 123 Silvia CIPRIANO & Stefania MAZZOCCHIN

Un quartiere artigianale a Patavium. La fornace per la produzione di terra sigillata tardo-padana ○○○○○○ 141 Fulvio COLETTI & Elena Gabriella LORENZETTI

Anfore orientali a Roma. Nuovi dati dagli scavi della Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ nell’area del Testaccio ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 155 Daniela COTTICA, Luana TONIOLO, Małgorzata DASZKIEWICZ & Gerwulf SCHNEIDER

Produzioni ceramiche pompeiane e vesuviane dai saggi 1980–81 presso il foro di Pompei: le forme ○○○○ 165 Helga DI GIUSEPPE

Produrre in villa. Complessi artigianali di epoca imperiale nella Lucania nord-orientale ○○○○○○○○○○ 173 Fabiana FABBRI

Some pottery productions from the kilns of Vingone in Scandicci (Florence/Italy) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 181 Illuminata FAGA

Ceramica «a pareti sottili» della prima età imperiale dal porto di Neapolis. ○○○○○○○○○○

Primi risultati dello studio crono-tipologico ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 189

Custode Silvio FIORIELLO & Annarosa MANGONE ○○○○○ Analisi archeometriche su lucerne fittili tardoantiche da Egnazia ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 199 Maria Paola LAVIZZARI PEDRAZZINI

L’angulus Venetorum e la produzione della terra sigillata norditalica decorata a matrice ○○○○○○○○○○ 211 Daniele MANACORDA

Il ‹misterio› MESCAE. Donne imprenditrici nell’Istria romana○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 217

Myles MCCALLUM & J. Theodore PEÑA ○○○○○○ A reassessment of the two potteries at Pompeii: 1.20.2–3 and the Via Superior ○○○○○○○○ 229

Simonetta MENCHELLI, Roberto CABELLA, Claudio CAPELLI, Marinella PASQUINUCCI & Michele PIAZZA ○○○○ Ceramiche comuni nel Piceno romano ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 239 Christiane DE MICHELI SCHULTHESS

La necropoli romana di Melano (Canton Ticino-Svizzera). Primi dati sulla ceramica e riflessione sulla ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ problematica dell’origine dei reperti ○○○○○○ 253 Natalia NICOLETTA

Scoppieto: una fornace temporanea all’aperto per la produzione di ceramica da fuoco (II–III sec. d. C.) ○○ 263 Gloria OLCESE

Immensa Aequora. Un atlante e un database delle fornaci e delle ceramiche dell’Italia centro meridionale ○○○○○○○○○ (Etruria, Lazio, e Sicilia) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 275 Elisa PANERO

I calices di Pollentia e l’individuazione delle fornaci pollentine. Una proposta di riconstruzione storica ○○ 283 Giulia PICCHI, Roberto CABELLA, Claudio CAPELLI, Silvia DUCCI, Simonetta MENCHELLI, Marinella PASQUINUCCI &

Michele PIAZZA ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Attività manifatturiere nel retroterra di Portus Pisanus ○○○○○○ 291 Barbara PORCARI, Alessia CONTINO, Federica LUCCERINI, Valentina MASTRODONATO & Simona SCLOCCHI

Scarti di produzione di ceramica invetriata dallo scavo del Nuovo Mercato Testaccio a Roma ○○○○○○○ 303

Gerwulf SCHNEIDER, Małgorzata DASZKIEWICZ & Daniela COTTICA ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Pompeii as a pottery production centre. An archaeometric approach ○○○○○ 313

Africa

Michel BONIFAY, Claudio CAPELLI, Ali DRINE & Taher GHALIA

Les Productions d’Amphores Romaines sur le Littoral Tunesien. Archéologie et Archéometrie ○○○○○○ 319 Macarena BUSTAMANTE ÁLVAREZ

Corpvs Vasorvm Arretinorvm en el Círculo del Estrecho. El caso de la Mauretania Tingitana ○○○○○○○ 329

X Silvia FORTI

Lucerne di probabile produzione tripolitana a Leptis Magna. Indizi e considerazioni preliminari ○○○○○○ 335

Iberian Peninsula

Patricia BARGÃO ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Monte Molião Cetariae (Lagos, Portugal) ○○○○○○○○ 345 Ana María GARCIA BARRACHINA, Manuel OLCINA DOMÉNECH & Julio Jesús RAMÓN SÁNCHEZ

Un nivel de amortización de una cloaca de Lucentum (Tossal de Manises, Alicante) ○○○○○○○○○○○○ 353 Francesca DIOSONO

La produzione della fornace del foro di Tiermes (Soria). Un esempio di romanizzazione ○○○○○○○○○○ 363 Adolfo FERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ

Resultados Preliminares del Estudio de la T. S. Focense (LRC) Aparecida en Vigo (Galiza, España) ○○○○ 375 Mª Isabel FERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA, Pablo RUIZ MONTES, Mª Victoria PEINADO ESPINOSA, Manuel MORENO ALCAIDE, Begoña SERRANO ARNÁEZ, Rocio LÓPEZ HERNÁNDEZ, Mª Angustias JIMÉNEZ DE CISNEROS, Antonio RUIZ PARRONDO &

Manuel MORALES DE LA CRUZ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Figlina Isturgitana ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 385

Juan GALLARDO CARRILLO, José Ángel GONZÁLEZ BALLESTEROS, Francisco RAMOS MARTÍNEZ & Carlos María LÓPEZ MARTÍNEZ ○○○○○○○○○○○○ Un alfar de época altoimperial en la ciudad de Lorca (Murcia, España) ○○○○○○ 391 Albert LÓPEZ MULLOR & Albert MARTÍN MENÉNDEZ

Un nuevo centro productor de ánforas tarraconenses, paredes finas y otras cerámicas en Can Rodon de l’Hort ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ (Cabrera de Mar, Barcelona) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 397 Ester LÓPEZ ROSENDO

Los talleres alfareros del Jardín de Cano (El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz). La producción cerámica ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ des Gades en torno al cambio de era ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 411 Ana Patrícia MAGALHÃES

Late Hispanic Sigillata from Terronha de Pinhovelo (Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal) ○○○○○○○○○○ 421 José Antonio MÍNGUEZ MORALES

Las producciones de paredes finas del valle medio del Ebro (España) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 429

Rui MORAIS ○○○○○○ Estudio preliminar de la terra sigillata hispánica tardía de Bracara Augusta ○○○○○○○○○○ 437 Ana María NIVEAU DE VILLEDARY Y MARIÑAS Pottery production at the service of the necropolis. On a suburban kiln in republican Gades (Cadiz, Spain) 463 Cristina NOVOA JÁUREGUI

Definición de contextos materiales en áreas alfareras. Prospección intensiva en el territorio de ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Tritium Magallum (La Rioja, España) ○○○○○○ 473

Marta PREVOSTI MONCLÚS & Joan Francesc CLARIANA ROIG ○○○○○○○○○

Torre Llauder, figlina amphoralis ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 481 José Carlos QUARESMA

Une hypothèse d’importation de vaisselles d’ Henchir es-Srira et de Sidi Aïch au sein de la sigillée ○○○○○○○

africaine C à Chãos Salgados (Mirobriga), Portugal ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 491 Pablo RUIZ MONTES & Mª Victoria PEINADO ESPINOSA

Aportaciones al conocimiento técnico y tipológico de los hornos romanos en la provincia de ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Jaén (España). El caso de Los Villares de Andújar ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 497 Antonio M. SÁEZ ROMERO

Tradizione fenicia versus Romanizzazione. Le anfore di Gadir/Gades in epoca ellenistica e i ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ suoi centri produttori ○○○○○○○○○○○ 509 Elisa DE SOUSA

The use of “Kouass ware” during the Republican Period in the Algarve (Portugal) ○○○○○○○○○○○○ 523 Inês VAZ PINTO, Ana Patrícia MAGALHÃES & Patrícia BRUM

Ceramic assemblages from a fish-salting factory in Tróia (Portugal) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 529

XI Transalpine Gaul and Germany

Xavier DERU & Gilles FRONTEAU

Les ateliers de potiers romains entre Seine et Rhin ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 539 Verena JAUCH

Ein Töpferofen aus dem römischen Vicus Vitudurum, Oberwinterthur, Schweiz ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 549 Marko KIESSEL The Roman pottery centres of Urmitz and Mayen (District Mayen-Koblenz, Germany). New archaeological and typological evidence for dating their production and the usage of their products 559

Fridolin REUTTI & Rüdiger SCHULZ ○○○○○○○○○○ Brennöfen für Terra Sigillata in Rheinzabern. Befunde und Rekonstruktion ○○○○○○ 567 Robin P. SYMONDS Poppy beakers in . Some points of interest in ceramics research in eastern and north-central France 589

Monika WEIDNER ○○○○○○○○○○○○ The Roman pottery district in Trier. Remarkable findings from kiln No. 5 ○○○○○ 603

Miscellaneous

Silvia PALLECCHI ○○○○

Le grandi manifatture di anfore tra tarda repubblica e impero ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 611 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○

Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 621

XII VORWORT DER REDAKTION

Der 26. RCRF-Kongress fand vom 28. September bis zum 5. Oktober 2008 an der Universität von Cadíz statt. Thema des Kongresses war: „WORKING WITH ROMAN KILNS – Conducting archaeological research in pottery production centres“.

Von den anlässlich des Kongresses präsentierten Postern und Vorträgen wurden folgende nicht publiziert:

A. ARDEŢ/L. C. ARDEŢ Roman pottery from Tibiscum (Dacia) A. AVANZINI Long distance trade. Roman amphorae from Sumhuram, a port at the Indian Ocean D. BERNAL ET AL. Gades y la producción anfórica. El taller de la calle Solano (Cádiz) D. BERNAL ET AL. Novedades de las alfarerías de Julia Traducta T. BEZEZCKY Roman amphorae from Ephesus D. BONDOC Roman painted pots from Dacia Inferior O. BOUNEGRU Fours et aménagements des potiers dans les ateliers de Pergame-Vallée de Ketios A. CATINA Les outils et les moules des ateliers céramiques de Potaissa M. A. CAU ET AL. Late Roman Coarse Wares of Sardinia (Italy) E. CONLIN HAYES ET AL. Alfarería y romanizacíonen la Turdetania antigua. El caso de Carmona G. DANNELL/A. W. MEES Samian (Terra Sigillata) research databases J. J. DÍAZ RODRIGUEZ Las figlinas en Híspania P. D YCZEK On the “mysterious” Lower Danube Kaolin Wares (LDKW) A. F. FERRANDES Roma e la sua ceramica alla conquista del Mediterraneo. E. HASAKI Roman kilns in ancient Greece E. ILLARREGUI Producciones de los talleres de la legio IIII Macedónica y de sus cuerpos auxiliares en los campamentos de Herrera Pisuerga J. ISTENIČ ET AL. Bricks and tiles from Poetovio: the fabrics R. JÁRREGA DOMÍNGUEZ Figlina y producción de ánforas en los territoria de Tarraco y Dertosa M. J. KLEIN Cerámica de paredes finas en la región de Mainz-Mogontiacum VL. KOVACIC Dressel 6B amphora production in Loron (Croatia) J. LAGÓSTENA Iconografia cristiana en la cerámica bajoimperial de la provincia de Cádiz T. LELEKOVIC Terra sigillata from the vicus of Ivandvor G. LIPOVAC VRKLJAN A ceramic manufacture of Sextus Metilius Maximus T. MARTIN Contribution à l’étude des styles décoratifs du potier Attilus de Montans F. MASELLI/V. DEGRASSI Fornaci dell’agro orientale di Aquileia F. MASELLI ET AL. Fornaci per la produzione di ceramica ad Aquileia e nel suo territorio A. MATEI/R. GINDELE Roman pottery kilns from the area of Porolissum L. MAZZEO/E. VECCHIETTI Impianti di produzione ceramica nelle Marche. P. M ONSIEUR The production of Lamboglia 2, Dressel 6 and Dressel 2–4 amphorae in the Lower Potenza Valley (Marche, Italy) I. OZANIC Thin walled pottery from Crikvenica-Igraliste P. P ETRIDIS Pottery and society at the ceramic production centre of late Roman Delphi J. PRINCIPAL Tradiciones productivas de las cerámicas de mesa romanorrepublicanas L. ROLDÁN ET AL. Nuevos datos sobre la producción anfórica tardopúnica de Carteia V. R USU BOLINDET A terra sigillata workshop from -Micacasa

XIII V. G . S WAN Tracing tripod-vessels across the northern provinces of the Empire B. TEKKOK Pottery production at Troy during the late Hellenistic and Roman periods J.-L. TILHARD Les céramiques sigillées de l’atelier d’Espalion (Aveyron, France) P. V ENTURA/T. CIVIDINI L’impianto productivo di Ronchis di Latisana (Udine, Italia) M. VOMER GOJKOVIC/I. ZIZEK Poetovio: the pottery production centre

Dafür wurde ein Artikel von V. JAUCH aufgenommen.

Bei der Korrektur und Durchsicht der Artikel stand mir das editorial committee zur Seite. Ganz besonders danke ich Philip Kenrick und Simonetta Menchelli für die schnelle und zuverlässige Unterstützung und Claudia Nickel (ars) für die gute und freundschaftliche Zusammenarbeit bei Satz und Layout.

Die Zitierweise wurde den Richtlinien der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts angeglichen (Ber. RGK 71, 1990, 973–998 und Ber. RGK 73, 1992, 478–540). Susanne Biegert

XIV