Economy of pdf

Continue Malaysia's economyKuala Lumpur, the national capital of Malaysia, and its largest cityCurrencyRinggit (MYR, RM)Financial yearKalendar yearAPEC, ASEAN, IOR-ARC, WTOCountry Development Group/Emerging 1 Top-Middle Income Economics (2) StatisticsPopulation 31.528.585 (2018) $900 billion (PPP, 2020) GDP ranked 39th (nominal, 2020) 25th (PPP, 2020)) GDP growth of 4.7% (2018) 4.3% (2019) 3.1% (2020f) 6.9% (2021f) GDP per capita $10,192 (nominal, 2020) $27,287 (PPP, 2020 est.. GDP by agriculture: 7.1% industry: 36.8% services: 56.2% (2016) Inflation (CPI) - 1.1% (2020) [4] Население за чертой бедности 15% (2019 г.) 2,7% менее чем на $5,50/день (2015 г.) Всемирный банк) Индекс развития человека 0.804 очень высок (2018) (61-е место) N/A IHDI (2018) 2 (2019 г.) - 66,1% занятости (2018 г.) Рабочая сила по профессии сельского хозяйства: 11,1% промышленности: 36% услуг: 53% (2012 г.) Безработица 3,4% (июнь 2017 г.) полупроводники, микрочипы, интегрированные схемы, резина, олеохимические, автомобильные, оптические приборы, фармацевтические препараты, медицинское оборудование, плавка, древесина, древесная целлюлоза, исламские финансы, нефть, ликуированный природный газ, нефтехимия, телекоммуникационный продуктEase-of-doing-business занимают 12-е место (очень легко, 2020) [17] Экспортные товарыСемипроводор - электронная продукция, пальмовое масло, сжиженный природный газ, нефть, химикаты, машины, транспортные средства, оптическое и научное оборудование, производство металла, каучука, древесины и древесной продукцииМаин экспортных партнеров Китая (я) 16% Сингапура (я) 14% США (я) 13% Япония (я) 6,7% Гонконг (я) 5,2% Таиланд (я) 4,1% Индия ())3,4% (2017) [17] Импортные товарыЭлектроэлектронной продукции , engineering, chemicals, oil, plastics, vehicles, steel production, iron and steelMain import partners of China (1 9% Singapore () 14% USA (i) 7.4% Japan (i) 6.8% Thailand (i) 5.5% Indonesia (i) 4.4% South Korea () 4.2 1% (2017) Overseas: $128.5 billion (December 31, 2017) Current account $9.296 billion (2017) Gross external debt of $217.2 billion (December 31, 2017) Public FinanceSCommunical debt 54.1% of GDP (2017) (Note 1) Budget Balance 3% (GDP) (2017) Revenue51.25 billion (2017) Expenses60.63 billion (2017) Economic Assistance $31.6 Million (2005) Credit Rating Standard No Poor's: (Domestic) A (Foreign) AP (Assessment of TPC) Prospects: Stable Moody's: A3 Outlook: Positive Fitch: Prospects: Stable Currency Reserves US$103.4 Billion (April 30, 2019) Dollars. Malaysia's economy is the sixth largest in Southeast Asia. 1st Indonesia, 2nd Thailand, 3rd Philippines, 4th Vietnam, 5th Singapore, sixth Malaysia and 39th largest economy in the world according to the International Monetary Fund 2020. Malaysia has a recently industrialized market economy that is relatively open and state-oriented. Malaysia's economy is very robust and diversified, with a high-tech export value of US$57.258 billion in 2015, the second highest since Singapore in ASEAN. Malaysia exports the second largest volume and value of palm oil products in the world after Indonesia. Despite the Government's policy of increasing its per capita income to accelerate progress towards being a high-income country by 2020, wage growth in Malaysia has been very slow, lagging behind OECD standards. Academic studies by the IMF and the World Bank have repeatedly called for structural reforms, such as the abolition of Bumiputera policies and endogenous innovations, to propel the country up the supply chain to allow Malaysia to avoid the current middle income trap. Due to the heavy dependence on oil exports for central government revenues, currency fluctuations have been very volatile, marked during the oversupply and the collapse of oil prices in 2015. However, the Government has stepped up measures to increase revenue by introducing a sales and service tax (SST) of 6% to reduce the deficit and meet the obligations on the federal debt. Story Home article: The Economic History of Malaysia As one of the three countries that control the Strait of Malacca, international trade plays a very important role in Malaysia's economy. At one time it was the largest producer of tin, rubber and palm oil in the world. Manufacturing has a big impact in the economy of the country, which accounts for more than 40% of GDP. Malaysia is also the world's largest Islamic banking and financial centre. In the 1970s, Malaysia began to emulate the four Asian tiger economies (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore) and pledged to move from dependence on mining and agriculture to an economy that was more dependent on manufacturing. In the 1970s, Malaysia's economy, based mainly on mining and agriculture, began the transition to a more multi-vector economy. Since the 1980s, the industrial sector has led Malaysia in growth rates. A high level of investment played a significant role in this. With Japanese investment, heavy industry flourished and for several years, Malaysian exports became the main engine of the country's growth. consistently achieved more than 7% GDP growth, along with low inflation in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1991, former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad laid out his ideal Vision 2020 in which Malaysia would become a self-sufficient industrial industrial by 2020. Tan Sri Nor Mohamed, a government minister, said Malaysia could become a developed country in 2018 if the country's growth remains constant or increases. Malaysia experienced an economic boom and underwent rapid development at the end of the 20th century and has a PER CAPITA GDP (nominal) of US$11,062,043 in 2014, and is considered a new industrial country. In 2009, PPP GDP was US$383.6 billion, about half of the 2014 total and GDP per capita of US$8,100, about a third of the 2014 total. In 2014, a government government-held household income survey found that there were 7 million households in Malaysia, an average of 4.3 members per household. The average household income of Malaysian households increased by 18% to RM5,900 per month, compared to RM5,000 in 2012. According to an HSBC report for 2012, Malaysia will become the 21st largest economy in the world by 2050 with a GDP of $1.2 trillion ($2,000 a year) and a per capita GDP of $29,247 ($2,000). The report also states: Electronic equipment, oil and liquefied natural gas producer will see a significant increase in per capita income. Life expectancy in Malaysia, relatively high schooling and a higher average fertility rate will help to expand rapidly. Victor Shvets, managing director of Credit Suisse, said: Malaysia has all the necessary ingredients to become a developed country. Economic monetary policy before the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the was an internationalized currency that traded freely around the world. Shortly before the crisis, Ringgit was trading at RM2.50 per dollar. Due to speculative activity, Ringgit fell to 4.10 RM4.10 against the dollar for several weeks. Bank Negara Malaysia, the country's central bank, has decided to introduce capital controls to prevent The Ringgit from entering the open market. Ringgit became un-internationalized and the traveler had to declare to the central bank if you take more than RM10,000 out of the country and Ringgit itself was pegged at RM3.80 to the US dollar. The fixed exchange rate was abolished in favour of a floating exchange rate in July 2005, hours after China announced the same move. At the moment, Ringgit has not yet been internationalized. Ringgit continued to strengthen to 3.18 against the dollar by March 2008 and rose to 2.94 against the dollar in May 2011. Meanwhile, many aspects of capital controls have been slowly relaxed by Bank negara Malaysia. However, the government still does not internationalize Ringgit. The government has stated that Ringgit will be internationalized as soon as it is ready. Bank Negara Malaysia is currently using interest rates. Rate Night Policy (OPR) is their political tool and is used to guide short-term interbank interbank that we hope will affect inflation and economic growth. Key action: Malaysian New Economic Policy Tun Abdul Razak, who was then Prime Minister, implemented an affirmative action policy called the new economic policy shortly after the May 13, 1969 incident. Prior to the incident, the poverty rate among Malays was extremely high (at 65%). like discontent between races, especially with regard to the Chinese, who controlled 74% of the economy at the time. Through NEP, most Bumiputeras receive priorities and special privileges in housing construction, scholarships, and for the ownership of publicly registered companies. Malaysia's new economic policy was established in 1971 with the aim of attracting Malays to a 30% share of Malaysia's economy and eradicating poverty among Malays, mainly by promoting business ownership of Bumiputeras. After 40 years of the program, bumiputra equity rose to 23% worth RM167.7 billion in 2010 against 2.4% in 1970. The NEP is accused of creating an oligarchy and creating a subsidiary mentality. Political parties such as the Kidilan Rakyat Party and the Democratic Action Party have proposed a new policy that will be equal for every Malaysian, regardless of race. When the Democratic Action Party was elected in state in 2008, it announced that it would take over the NEP, claiming that it ... creates nepotism, corruption and systemic inefficiency. Wolfgang Kasper, professor of economics at the University of New South Wales and once an adviser to Malaysia's finance ministry, criticised the NEP, saying that the NEP handouts (are) making Malays lazy, corrupt and swell their heads. Worst of all, it keeps them poor. He also criticized the federal government for providing cash payments and financial assistance instead of providing equal access to education to help marginalized poor raise their incomes. On April 21, 2009, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak announced the liberalization of 27 sub-currency services, abolishing the requirement of 30% bumiputera. The move is seen as an effort by the government to increase investment in the services sector of the economy. According to the prime minister, many more sectors of the economy will be liberalized. On June 30, 2009, the Prime Minister announced further steps to release, including the dismantling of Bumiputera stock quotas and the abolition of the guidelines of the Foreign Investment Committee, which was responsible for monitoring foreign equities in Malaysian companies. However, any Malaysian companies that want to list in Malaysia still need to offer a 50 percent public share spread to Bumiputera investors. Subsidies and Price Control See also: Gasoline and Malaysia prices, and subsidy reform in Malaysia Malaysian subsidizes and controls the prices of many essentials Prices are low. Prices for commodities such as palm oil, vegetable oil, petrol, flour, bread, rice and other basic necessities were kept at market prices in order to maintain a low cost of living. Compared to 2009, 22 per cent of government expenditures were subsidies, with only 12 per cent of gasoline subsidies. Since 2010, the government has been gradually reforming Malaysia's subsidy system, through a series of cuts in fuel and sugar subsidies to improve public finances and improve economic efficiency. As a result, in December 2014, the government officially ended all fuel subsidies and implemented a managed float system, taking advantage of low oil prices at the time, potentially saving the government nearly 20 billion yuan (5.97 billion U.S. dollars) a year. The Sovereign Wealth Fund Government owns and operates several sovereign wealth funds that invest in local companies as well as foreign companies. One such fund is Hazana Nacional Berhad, which was established in 1993 and as of December 31, 2013 has assets worth $41 billion. The fund invests in large companies in Malaysia such as CIMB in the banking sector, UEM Group in the construction sector, Telekom Malaysia and Axiata in the communications industry, Malaysia Airports and Malaysia Airlines in the aerospace industry, and Tenaga Nasional in the energy sector. , has an asset size of RM597 billion ($184 billion), making it the fourth largest pension fund in Asia and the seventh largest in the world. Like Hazana Nacional, EPF invests and sometimes owns several large companies in Malaysia, such as RHB Bank. Investments in EPF are diversified in a number of sectors, but almost 40% of their investment in the services sector. Permodalan Nasional Berhad is another major fund manager controlled by the Malaysian government. It offers capital-guaranteed mutual funds such as Amana Saham Bumiputera and Amana Saham Wawasan 2020, which are open only to Malaysia and in some cases, Bumiputeras. Government influence While the federal government encourages private enterprise and ownership of the economy, the country's economic direction has been strongly influenced by the government during the five years of development plans since independence. The economy is also influenced by the government through institutions such as the Economic Planning Group and government-linked welfare funds such as Khazanah Nasional Berhad, the Employee Support Fund and Permodalan Nasional Berhad. Government development plans, called the Malaysian Plan, now Malaysia's tenth plan, began in 1950 during British colonial rule. The plans were mainly focused on economic growth through selective investment in sectors of the economy and infrastructure construction to support said sectors. For example, in the current national plan, three sectors - agriculture, manufacturing and services - will focus on promoting the transition to high value-added activities in their respective areas. Government-linked investment instruments such as Khazanah Nasional Berhad, Employees Provident Fund and Permodalan Nasional Berhad invest in large companies in large sectors of Malaysia's economy and sometimes own them. The following table data shows the main economic indicators of 1980-2017. Inflation is below 5% in green. Year of GDP (in Bil. US$ PPP) GDP per capita(in US$ PPP) GDP growth(real) Inflation rate(in per cent) Unemployment (in per cent) Government debt(in % of GDP) 1980 45.8 3,300 7.4% 6.7% N/A N/A 1981 53.6 3,766 6.9% 9.7% N/A N/A 1982 60.3 4,132 5.9% 5.8% N/A N/A 1983 66.6 4,452 6.3% 3.7% N/A N/A 1984 74.3 4,847 7.8% 3.9% N/A N/A 1985 76.0 4,803 0.9% 2.6% 6.9 % N/A 1986 78.4 4,824 1.2% 0.4% 8.3% N/A 1987 84.8 5,082 5.4% 0.7% 8.2% N/A 1988 96.5 5,642 9.9% 0.3% 8.1% N/A 1989 109.3 6,242 9.1% 2.6% 6.7% N/A 1990 123.5 6,762 9.0% 3.0% 5.1% 75.2 % 1991 139.8 7,539 9.5% 4.3% 4.3% 68.3% 1992 155.7 8,167 8.9% 4.8% 3.7% 59.9% 1993 175.2 8,938 9.9% 3.5% 3.0% 51.9% 1994 195.4 9,702 9.2% 3.7% 2.9% 44.3% 1995 219.1 10,594 9.8% 3.5% 3.1% 38.7% 1996 245.4 11,564 10.0% 3.5% 2.5% 33.2% 1997 267.9 12,306 7.3% 2.7% 2.4% 30.0% 1998 250.9 11,234 7.4% 5.3% 3.2% 34.1% 1999 270.3 11,801 6.1% 2.7% 3.4% 34.9% 2000 300.5 12,789 8.7% 1.6% 3.1% 32.9% 2001 308.9 12,805 0.5% 1.4% 3.7% 38.5% 2002 330.6 13,368 5.4% 1.8% 3.5% 40.1% 2003 356.7 14,086 5.8% 1.1% 3.6% 42.0% 2004 391.3 15,106 6.8% 1.4% 3.6% 42.6% 2005 424.0 16,014 5.0% 3.0% 3.6% 41.4% 2006 461.5 17,198 5.5% 3.6% 3.3% 40.2% 2007 503.6 18,582 6.3% 2.0% 3.2% 39.9% 2008 538.3 19,502 4.8% 5.4% 3.3% 39.9% 2009 534.1 19,021 1.5% 0.6% 3.7% 51.1% 2010 581.4 20,336 7.5% 1.7% 3.0% 51.9% 2011 624.8 21,498 5.3% 3.2% 3.1% 52.6% 2012 671.1 22,742 5.5% 1.7% 2.9% 54.6% 2013 714.0 23,631 4.7% 2.1% 3.3% 56.4% 2014 770.4 25,089 6.0% 3.1% 2.9% 56.2% 2015 818.0 26,228 5.0% 2.1% 3.2% 57.9% 2016 863.3 27,292 4.2% 2.1% 3.5% 56.2% 2017 930.8 29,041 5.9% 3.8% 3.4% 54.2% Currency Main article : Malaysian ringgit The only legal payment process in Malaysia is the Malaysian ringgit. As of March 10, 2020, Ringgit was trading at $4.19. Ringgit has not been internationalized since September 1998, which was caused by the Asian financial crisis of 1997, when the central bank imposed capital controls on the currency due to the speculative short sale of ringgit. As part of a series of capital controls, the currency was pegged between September 1998 and July 21, 2005 at 3.80 rubles against the dollar after the value of the ringgit fell 2.50 per dollar before, at some point, 4.80 per U.S. dollar. In recent years, Bank Negara Negara has begun to loosen some capital controls, although the currency itself is still not traded internationally yet. According to him, if he is ready, the ringgit will be internationalized. In a September 2010 interview with CNBC Dato Seri, Najib Tun Razak, who was then Malaysia's prime minister and also served as finance minister, said the government was open to opening the ringgit to coastal trade if the move would help the economy. He also added that before such a move can be made, it will ensure that rules and regulations will be in place so that the currency will not be abused. Natural Resources Palm Oil Real Estate in Malaysia. Malaysia is well-resourced in areas such as agriculture, forestry and minerals. It is an exporter of natural and agricultural resources, and the most valuable exported resource is oil. In the agricultural sector, Malaysia is one of the leading exporters of natural rubber and palm oil, which, together with timber and timber, cocoa, pepper, pineapple and tobacco, dominate the growth of the sector. Compared to 2011, the percentage of arable land in Malaysia is 5.44%. The yield is 17.49%, while other land use is 77.07%. By 2009, irrigated land occupies 3,800 km2. The total amount of renewable water resources as of 2011 is 580 cubic kilometers. Tin and oil are the two main mineral resources that are important in Malaysia's economy. Malaysia was once the world's largest tin producer before the collapse of the tin market in the early 1980s. It was not until 1972 that oil and natural gas took the place of tin as the backbone of the mining sector. Other minerals of some importance or value include copper, bauxite, iron ore and coal along with industrial minerals such as clay, kaolin, silicon, limestone, barite, phosphates and dimensional stones such as granite, as well as marble blocks and slabs. A small amount of gold is produced. As of January 2014, Malaysia's energy reserves are 4 billion barrels, the fourth largest reserves in the Asia-Pacific region after China, India and Vietnam. Almost all Malaysian oil comes from offshore fields. The continental shelf is divided into three extractive basins: the basin on the shelf of the Eastern Peninsula Malaysia to the west and the basins of Sarawak and Sabah in the east. Most of the country's oil reserves are in the basin of the peninsula and are usually light and sweet crude oil. Malaysia's benchmark crude oil, Tapis Blend, is light and sweet crude, with an API of gravity of 42.7 and a sulphur content of 0.04% by weight. Malaysia also contains 83 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas it was the largest in January 2014 and was the third largest holder of natural gas reserves in the Asia-Pacific region after China and Indonesia. More than half of the country's natural gas reserves are located in its eastern regions, mainly on the Sarawak shelf. Most of Malaysia's gas reserves are related to oil basins, although Sarawak and Sabah have an increasing number of uncomplicated gas reserves, which have offset some decline from mature oil and gas basins on the Malaysian peninsula shelf. Business environment See also: Malaysia and the World Bank In 2015, Malaysia's economy was one of the most competitive in the world, ranking 14th in the world and 5th for countries with a population of more than 20 million people, higher than in countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, Korea and Japan. According to the World Bank's June 2013 report, Malaysia ranks 6th in the world in terms of ease of doing business, Malaysia's strengths in the ranking include getting a loan (ranked 1st), protecting investors (ranked 4th) and trading across borders (ranked 5th). Weaknesses include working with building permits (ranked 43rd). The study covers 189 countries in all aspects of doing business. In the investor protection category, Malaysia scored 10 points for disclosure, nine for director liability and seven for shareholder lawsuits. Malaysia lags behind Singapore, Hong Kong and New york in the investor protection survey category. In 2016, the World Bank's Easiness of Doing Business report ranked 18th in the world and second in se Asia after Singapore, but ahead of other regional power plants such as Thailand (49th in the world) and Indonesia (109th in the world). Malaysia also provides tax breaks to technology companies through the MSC (Multimedia Super Corridor). In 2015, Malaysia ranked 6th among the most attractive countries for foreign investors, led by the Basic Profitability Index (BPI), published by Foreign Policy magazine. The government is moving towards a more business-friendly environment by creating a special task force to facilitate a business called PEMUDAH, which means simplification in Malay. PEMUDAH has been largely successful in promoting a more business-friendly environment, as evidenced by Malaysia's 2013 ranking in the Index for Ease of Doing Business. Taxation In 2016, Malaysia's Internal Revenue Board lowered the effective tax rate to 24% for businesses with capital of more than 2.5 million ringgit. For small companies, the rate is 19%. The Malaysian government also imposes state taxes such as sales and services tax property taxes. The current SST rate is at 6%, while the disposal of the property is subject to the schedule of the period of the property. Foreign Trade Malaysia Exports By Country (2014) from Harvard Atlas of Economic Complexity. In 2013, Malaysia's total foreign trade amounted to US$424 billion, representing US$230.7 billion in exports and US$192.9 billion in imports, making Malaysia the 21st largest exporter in the world and the 25th largest importer in the world. Malaysia's largest trading partner is China. Malaysia has been China's main trading partner within ASEAN for five consecutive years since 2008. Trade between China and Malaysia reached $106 billion in 2013, making It China's third largest trading partner in Asia, just behind Japan and Korea and the eighth largest overall. On May 31, 2014, during Najib Razak's visit to China, where he was welcomed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, China and Malaysia pledged to increase bilateral trade to $160 billion by 2017. They also agreed to modernize economic and financial cooperation, especially in the areas of halal food production, water processing and railway construction. Malaysia's second largest trading partner is Singapore, and Malaysia is Singapore's largest trading partner, and bilateral trade in 2012 amounted to about $91 billion, more than a fifth of ASEAN's total trade. Malaysia's third largest trading partner is Japan, with trade of 137.45 billion rm137.45 billion (US$42 billion) in 2014, an increase of 1.4% over 2013. Exports totaled RM82.71 billion (US$25.6 billion), an increase of 4.4%, while imports fell 2.9% to RM54.75 billion (US$16.74 billion). Malaysian Ambassador to Japan Datuk Ahmad Izlan Idris said that the main export from Malaysia to Japan is liquefied natural gas (LNG), electronics and electronics, as well as chemical products. According to him, Malaysia's main imports from Japan are electronics and electronics, machinery and equipment, as well as spare parts and accessories for cars and cars. Malaysia is an important trading partner for the United States. In 1999, bilateral bilateral trade between the United States and Malaysia amounted to $30.5 billion, with U.S. exports to Malaysia totaling $9.1 billion and U.S. imports from Malaysia rising to $21.4 billion. Malaysia is the 10th largest trading partner of the United States and the 12th largest export market. In the first half of 2000, U.S. exports totaled US$5 billion, while U.S. imports from Malaysia reached $11.6 billion. Agricultural Sector Rubber Plantation in Malaysia Home article: Rural Malaysia's agriculture is now a small sector of Malaysia's economy, accounting for 7.1% of Malaysia's GDP in 2014 and employed 11.1% of Malaysia's workforce, compared to the 1960s, when agriculture accounted for 37% of Malaysia's GDP and employed 66.2% of 66.2% of 66.2% Forces. Agricultural crops grown in the agricultural sector have also shifted significantly from food crops such as rice and coconut to industrial crops such as palm oil and rubber, by 83.7 per cent of total agricultural land use, compared with 68.5 per cent in 1960. Despite its small contribution to Malaysia's GDP, Malaysia has a significant foothold in the world's agricultural sector, being the world's second largest palm oil producer in 2012, producing 18.79 million tonnes of crude palm oil on approximately 5,000,000 hectares (19,000 sq m) of land. Although Indonesia produces more palm oil, Malaysia is the world's largest exporter of palm oil, exporting 18 million tons of palm oil in 2011. In March 2019, the European Commission concluded that the cultivation of palm oil leads to excessive deforestation and its use in transport fuel should be stopped by 2030. In response, Mahathir said that the European Union risked a trade war with Malaysia over its grossly unfair policy of reducing the use of palm oil, which Mahathir said was unfair and an example of rich people... (trying) to impoverish poor people. Malaysia's industrial sector accounts for 36.8 per cent of the country's GDP in 2014 and accounts for 36 per cent of the workforce in 2012. The industrial sector has mainly contributed to the electronics, automotive and construction industries. The Electrical and Electronics Industries Electronics Industry (ECE) is a leading sector in Malaysia's manufacturing sector, making a significant contribution to the country's exports (32.8 per cent) and employment (27.2 per cent) in 2013. Malaysia benefits from global demand for mobile devices (smartphones, tablets), storage devices (cloud computing, data centers), optoelectronics (photonics, fiber optics, LEDs) and embedded technologies (integrated circuits, PCDs, LEDs). The electronic components of the Products/activities that fall under this sub-charge include semiconductor devices, passive components, circuits and other components such as media, substrates and connectors. In the subspeak of electronic components, semiconductor devices are a leading source of export for the EZ industry. Exports of semiconductor devices amounted to 111.19 billion rubles, or 47% of the total volume of ESE products exported in 2013. Malaysia is a major hub for the production of electrical components, with factories of international companies such as Intel, AMD, Freescale Semiconductor, ASE, Infineon, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments, Fairchild Semiconductor, Renesas, X-Fab and major Malaysian companies such as Packet, Silterra, Globetronics, Unisem and Inari, which have contributed to the steady growth of the semiconductor industry in Malaysia. To date, there are more than 50 companies, mostly MNCs producing Malaysia. Photovoltaics See also: Photovoltaic technology manufacturing in MalaysiaMalaysia is a major hub for solar equipment production, with factories of companies such as First Solar, Panasonic, TS Solartech, Jinko Solar, JA Solar, SunPower, Hanwha and SunEdison in places such as Kulim, Penang, Malacca, Cyberjaya and Ipoh. In 2013, the total production capacity of solar plates, solar panels and solar panels in Malaysia was 4,042 MW at the First Solar plant in Kulim. By 2014, Malaysia was the third largest manufacturer of photovoltaic equipment in the world after China and the European Union. Many international companies have most of the production facilities located in Malaysia, such as the American company First Solar, which has more than 2000 MW of production capacity located in Kulim and only 280 MW, located in Ohio, and formerly german Hanwha Cells, which produces 1100 MW worth of solar panels in Cyberjaya while producing only 200 MW worth of solar batteries in Germany. SunPower's largest manufacturing facility, 1400 MW, is also located in Malacca. The Proton Preve, a car made by Malaysian automotive company Proton. See also: The automotive industry in Malaysia Automotive Industry in Malaysia consists of 27 vehicle manufacturers and more than 640 component manufacturers. Malaysia's automotive industry is the third largest in Southeast Asia and the 23rd largest in the world, with annual production of more than 500,000 vehicles. The automotive industry contributes 4% or 40 billion yuan to Malaysia's GDP, and employs a workforce of more than 700,000 across the national ecosystem. The Malaysian automotive industry is the only pioneer of local car companies, namely Proton and Perodoua. In 2002, Proton helped Malaysia become the 11th country in the world to fully design, design and manufacture cars from scratch. The Malaysian automotive industry also has several domestic and foreign joint ventures that collect a wide variety of cars from imported full knockdown kits (CKD). The construction of Malaysia's Penang Bridge has a large construction industry of more than RM102.2 billion (US$32 billion). The highest percentage was contributed by the construction of non- residential buildings, which recorded 34.6 per cent. It is followed by a sub-charge of civil engineering (30.6%), residential buildings (29.7%) and residential buildings (29.7%). Selangor recorded the highest cost of construction work performed at 24.5% among the states, followed by Johor with 16.5%, Kuala Lumpur with 15.8%, Sarawak at 8.6% and Penang at 6.4%. of the total cost of construction work in Malaysia. The expansion of the construction industry was caused by large capital expenditure projects, as well as Factor is the Government's Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) and public-private partnership (PPP) mega-projects such as Tun Razak Exchange, KVMRT and Iskandar Malaysia. The Keda-class Keda-class warship, another unit built in the background of Malaysia, has a relatively new defence industry, which was established after the Government established the Malaysian Defence Industry Council to encourage local companies to participate in the country's defence sector in 1999. The land defense industry is dominated by DefTech, a subsidiary of Malaysia's largest car manufacturer DRB-HICOM. The company specializes in the production of armored vehicles and specialized logistics vehicles. The company has supplied ACV-15 infantry fighting vehicles to the Malaysian Army in the past and now supplies DefTech AV8 amphibious multirole armored vehicles to the Malaysian Army. The maritime defence industry is dominated by Boustead Heavy Industries, which builds warships for the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) by transferring technology to foreign companies. The company has built 4 Kedah class marine patrol vessels for RMN in the past and is currently undertaking a project to build 6 more second-generation patrol vessels for RMN. The financial and banking headquarters of Maybank, Malaysia's largest bank kuala Lumpur, has a large financial sector and ranks 22nd in the world in the global financial centers index. There are currently 27 commercial banks (8 domestic and 19 foreign), 16 Islamic banks (10 domestic and 6 foreign), 15 investment banks (all domestic) and 2 other financial institutions (both domestic). Commercial banks are the largest and most important suppliers of funds in the banking system. The largest banks in Malaysia's financial sector are Maybank, CIMB, Public Bank Berhad, RHB Bank and AmBank. Malaysia is now also the world's largest centre of Islamic finance. Malaysia has 16 full-fledged Islamic banks, including five foreign ones, with a total assets of US$168.4 billion, representing 25% of Malaysia's total banking assets. This, in turn, accounts for more than 10% of the world's total Islamic banking assets. By comparison, Malaysia's main competitor, the UAE, has assets of $95 billion. Malaysia is the world's leading sukuk (Islamic bond) market, with a sukuk issue worth RM62 billion ($17.74 billion) in 2014 - more than 66.7% of the global sukuk market of $26.6 billion. U.S., control of $178 billion of $290 billion, global total. The Malaysian government plans to turn the capital Kuala Lumpur into a major financial centre increase its credibility and generate greater international trade and investment investment construction of the Tun Razak Exchange (TRX). The government believes the project will allow Malaysia to compete with regional financial superpowers such as Singapore and Hong Kong, using the country's established forces in the rapidly growing Islamic financial market. Main article on tourism: Tourism in Malaysia South Beach in Perhentian Besar Tourism is a huge sector of Malaysia's economy, with more than 57.1 million domestic tourists generating RM37.4 billion (11 billion U.S. dollars) in tourist revenues in 2014, and attracted 27,437,315 international tourist arrivals, which is 6.7% more than in 2013. Total international tourism revenue increased by 3.9% to 60.6 billion yuan (19 billion U.S. dollars) in 2014. The UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) listed Malaysia as the 10th most visited country in 2012. Malaysia is rich in a variety of natural attractions, which become the property of the country's tourism industry. This has been recognized by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), which declared Malaysia a destination full of unrealized potential with a major strength as having a wide variety of attractions to cater to alltastes relatively affordable prices and; largely untouched destination. The best tourist destinations in Malaysia are the caves of Mulu, the Perhan Islands, Langkawi, the Petronas Towers and Mount Kinabalu. Medical Tourism See also: Medical tourism at the Tuaran Hospital malaysia in Sabah Medical Tourism is an important sector of the Malaysian economy, an estimated 1 million trips to Malaysia specifically for treatment in 2014 alone, making about US$200 million (about RM697 million) in the revenue economy. Malaysia is considered one of the most preferred areas of medical tourism with modern private medical facilities and highly effective health workers. In 2014, Malaysia was recognized as the best medical tourism destination in the world by Nomad Capitalist. Malaysia has also been included by CNBC in the top 10 medical tourism destinations. In 2014, Prince Court Medical Hospital, a Malaysian hospital, was recognized as the best hospital in the world for medical tourists by MTSUA. The Malaysian government intends to receive 9.6 billion yuan (3.2 billion U.S. dollars) from 1.9 million foreign patients by 2020. Petronas oil and gas gas in Thailand, Malaysia, has a dynamic oil and gas industry. National oil company Petronas ranks 69th on the Fortune 500 list in 2014 with revenues of more than $100.7 billion and total assets of more than $169 billion. Petronas provides about 30% of the Malaysian government's revenue, although the government is actively reducing its dependence on oil, with a target of 20%. Petronas is also the custodian of oil and gas in Malaysia. Hence the Oil and gas activity is regulated by Petronas. Malaysia encourages the participation of foreign oil companies in co- production contracts, in which a large portion of the oil will be transferred to a foreign oil company until it reaches a production peak. Many major oil companies, such as ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Nippon Oil and Murphy Oil, are currently involved in such contracts. As a result, 40% of oil fields are being developed in Malaysia. Malaysia has more than 3,500 oil and gas companies, including international oil companies, independent companies, services and manufacturing companies, that support the needs of the OGG value chain both domestically and regionally. Many of the world's major equipment and equipment manufacturers (MSE) have established bases in Malaysia in addition to homegrown MSE manufacturing companies, while other Malaysian oil and gas companies are focused on key strategic segments such as offshore, drilling, engineering, manufacturing, marine installation and operation and maintenance (OMH). Infrastructure Infrastructure Malaysia is one of the most developed in Asia. Its telecommunications network ranks second behind Singapore in Southeast Asia, with 4.7 million fixed-line subscribers and more than 30 million cellular subscribers. The country has seven international ports, the main of which is Port Klang. There are 200 industrial parks along with dedicated parks such as The Malaysian Technology Park and Coolim Hi-Tech Park. Fresh water is available to more than 95 per cent of the population. During the colonial period, development was concentrated mainly in economically powerful cities and in areas that were a formative of security problems. Although rural areas are the focus of significant development, they continue to lag behind areas such as the West Coast of the Malaysian Peninsula. The telecommunications network, although strong in urban areas, is less accessible to rural populations. Energy Bakun Dam under construction in 2009 See also: Energy Policy Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional, List of Power Plants in Malaysia, and National Grid (Malaysia) Malaysia's energy infrastructure sector is largely dominated by Tenaga Nasional, the largest electricity company in Southeast Asia, with more than RM99.03 billion assets. Customers are connected to electricity through the National Grid, with more than 420 transmission substations on the peninsula connected to each other on approximately 11,000 km (131) power lines operating on 132, 275 and 500 kilovolts. In 2013, Malaysia's total electricity generation was more than 29,728 megawatts. Total electricity generation was 140,985.01 GWh, and total electricity consumption was 087.51 GWh. Energy production in Malaysia is mainly based on oil and natural gas, thanks to the reserves of oil and natural gas of Malaysia, which is the fourth largest in the Asia-Pacific region after China, India Viet Nam. Transport Network See also: Road Network North-South Expressway, Malaysia's longest motorway road network is one of the most complete in Asia and covers a total of 144,403 km (89,728 miles). The main national road network is the Malaysian Federal Road System, which covers more than 49,935 km (31,028 miles). Most federal roads in Malaysia are two-lane roads. In urban areas, federal roads can become four-lane to increase capacity. Almost all federal roads are paved with asphalt, with the exception of parts of the Skuai-Pontius Highway, which is paved with concrete, while part of the federal highway connecting Klang with Kuala Lumpur is paved with asphalt. Malaysia has more than 1,798 kilometers (1,117 miles) of highways and the longest motorway, the North-South Expressway, stretches for more than 800 kilometers (497 miles) on the west coast of the Malaysian Peninsula, connecting major urban hubs such as Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahra. In 2015, the government announced a 27 billion yuan ($8.23 billion) pan-Borneo Highway project to upgrade all highways to two expressways, making the east Malaysian motorway level at the same level as the peninsula's highways. The KTM ETS Class 91 network (left) and KTM Komuter Class 92 (right) at the Ipoh railway station See also: rail transport in Malaysia there are currently 1,833 km (1,139 miles) of railways in Malaysia, 767 km (477 miles) are now double tracked and electrified. Malaysia's rail service includes heavy rail (KTM), light fast transit and , and the Railway. Heavy rail transport is mainly used for long-distance passenger and freight traffic, as well as for some urban public transport, while LRTs are used for intra-urban urban public transport. There are two links linking Kuala Lumpur with Kuala Lumpur International Airport. The only monorail line in the country is also used for public transport in Kuala Lumpur, while the only cable train line is in Penang. A project for KVMRT is currently being developed to improve Kuala Lumpur's public transport system. The rail network covers most of the 11 states of the Malaysian peninsula. In , only sabah has railways. The network is also connected to the Thai 1000 mm (3ft 3⁄8) network in the north. In the case of The Burmese Railway could be connected to Myanmar, India and China. Air Network See also: List of airports in Malaysia, Malaysia Airlines list, and list of the busiest airports in Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia International Airport has 118 airports, of which 38 are paved. Malaysia Airlines, which provides international and domestic flights. The main international routes and domestic routes crossing Western Malaysia and Malaysia is served by Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia and Malindo Air, while smaller domestic routes are supplemented by smaller airlines such as MASwings, Firefly and Berjaya Air. The main cargo airlines are MASkargo and Transmile Air Services. Kuala Lumpur International Airport is Malaysia's main and busiest airport. In 2014, it was the 13th busiest airport in the world in terms of international passenger traffic, saturing more than 25.4 million international passenger traffic. It was also the world's 20th busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic, with more than 48.9 million passengers. Other major airports include Kota Kinabalu International Airport, which is also Malaysia's second busiest airport and the busiest airport in Eastern Malaysia with more than 6.9 million passengers in 2013, and Penang International Airport with more than 5.4 million passengers in 2013. Port Klang Maritime Network See also: Transport in Malaysia and Malaysia's waterways is strategically located on the Strait of Malacca, one of the most important shipping routes in the world. Malaysia has two ports that are listed as the top 20 busiest ports in the world, Port Klang and the port of Tanjung Pelepas, which are, respectively, the 2nd and 3rd busiest ports in southeast Asia after the port of Singapore. The port of Klang is Malaysia's busiest port and the 13th busiest port in the world in 2013, with more than 10.3 million TUS. The port of Tanjung Pelepas is Malaysia's second busiest port and the 19th busiest port in the world in 2013, covering more than 7.6 million TUS. Free Trade Efforts See also: Malaysia-United States Free Trade Agreement Existing Free Trade Agreement Malaysia-Japan Malaysia-Pakistan Malaysia-New ealand Malaysia-India Malaysia-Chile Malaysia-Australia Malaysia-Turkey ASEAN-China ASEAN-Japan ASEAN-India ASEAN-Australia and New zealand JDA Free Trade Agreement under the Malaysia-EF Economic Partnership Agreement 2012. (136) Free Trade Agreement between Malaysia and the European Union (MEUFTA) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Trade Pre-System -Organization of the Islamic Conference (TPS-OIC) Development of eight (D-8) Preferential Tariff Agreement ( PTA) Malaysia's total accumulated investment in 2014 was RM235.9 billion, with 72.6% (RM171.3 billion) coming from domestic sources and 27.4% (RM64.6 billion) from foreign sources. According to the global consulting firm A.T. Kearney, Malaysia ranked 15th in the index of confidence in foreign direct investment in 2014, 9th place in 2012, 16th in 2007 and 21st in 2010. The index assesses the influence of political, and regulatory changes on the intentions and preferences of CEOs of the world's leading companies. Ranking 2007 Rank 2010 Rank 2012 Rank 2014 Country INDEX CONFIDENCE FDI 3 2 4 1 US 2.16 1 1 1 1 2 China 1.95 - 9 20 3 Canada 1.93 1.93 10 8 4 Great Britain 1.91 6 4 3 5 Brazil 1.91 10 5 5 6 Germany 1.84 5 3 2 7 India 1.8 1 11 7 6 8 Australia 1.76 7 24 7 9 Singapore 1.75 8 13 17 10 France 1.74 20 11 1 1 1 5 11 United Arab Emirates 1.74 19 8 - 12 Mexico 1.72 18 - 11 13 South Africa 1.70 - - 22 14 Switzerland 11 .68 16 21 10 15 Malaysia 1.65 - - - 16 Sweden 1.64 - - - - - 17 Chile 1.64 - - - 24 18 Spain 1.63 - - 21 19 Japan 1.62 - - - - 20 Italy 1.61 12 - 16 21 Belgium 1.61 6 6 23 22 Netherlands 1.61 - - 18 23 Denmark Denmark 1 61 13 - 19 24 Turkey 1.60 18 23 13 25 Indonesia 1.60 Largest Public Malaysian Companies See also: The list of the largest companies in Malaysia has 17 companies that rank in the Forbes Global 2000 ranking for 2014. World Rank Company Industry Revenue (billion U.S. dollars) Profit (billion. U.S. Dollars) Assets (BILLION U.S. dollars) Market Value (US$15) 326 Maybank Banking 9.7 2.1 171.1 26 .3 443 Tenaga Nasional Utilities 12 1.6 31.3 20.7 460 CIMB Group Holdings Banking 6.8 1.4 1113. 2 18.1 585 State Bank Berhad Banking 4.6 1.3 93.3 20.6 598 Sime Darby Conglomerates 14.4 1 15.2 17.1 861 Axiata Group Telecommunications Services 5.8 0.8 13.3 17.7 915 Genting Hotels, Restaurants - Leisure 5.6 0.6 21.8 11.2 4 1052 RHB Capital Banking 3.0 0.6 58.3 6.6 1062 Petronas Chemical Oil - Gas Operations 4 8 1 8.5 16.7 1121 AMMB Holdings Banking 2.6 0.5 40 6.6 1246 Hon Leong Financial Group Banking 2.5 5 56 x 5.1 1276 MISC Berhad Transport 2.8 0.7 12.3 9.4 1308 Petronas Gas Oil - Gas Operations 1.2 0.7 4 14.7 133 3 YTL Utilities 6.3 0.5 18.5 4.9 1344 Maxis Telecommunications 2.9 0.6 5.3 16 1481 Petronas Dagangan Oil and Gas Operations 10.3 0.3 3.1 9.3 1567 IOI Group Food, Drink s Tobacco 3.9 0.5 7.8 9.3 See. also the list of Malaysian states by GDP Bamboo Network Notes - this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans issued abroad, as well as bonds and banknotes issued abroad; this figure excludes debt issued by non-uh state enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which amounted to an additional $47.7 billion in 20 IMF.org 12. 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Key statistics on Malaysia Economic Outlook by Economist Intelligence Unit Banking in Malaysia World Bank Brief Trade Statistics Malaysia Tariffs applied by Malaysia, as provided by ITC's Market Access Map permanent dead link, online database of customs tariffs and market requirements extracted from today. economy of malaysia during covid 19. economy of malaysia for the past 5 years. economy of malaysia after covid 19. economy of malaysia due to covid 19. economy of malaysia covid 19. economy of malaysia essay. economy of malaysia now

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