Final Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
FINAL REPORT Services for Stage 1's Stakeholder Consultation for Developing the Penang Green Agenda 20 APRIL 2018 TEAM MEMBERS PROGRAM HEAD ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD CONSULTANTS PROFESSOR DR. NARIMAH SAMAT PROFESSOR DR. MAHAMAD HAKIMI IBRAHIM ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR MISNI SURIF ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR NORIZAN ESA DR. ABDUL RAIS ABDUL LATIFF DR. KHOO SUET LENG DR. LIM EE SHIANG DR. MOHAMAD SHAHARUDIN SAMSURIJAN DR. MUHAMMAD IZZUDIN SYAKIR ISHAK DR. NADHRAH A.KADIR DR. RADIN FIRDAUS RADIN BADARUDDIN DR. SITI RAHYLA RAHMAT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................... 1 Preamble .................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 1 Overview of Sustainable Development ............................................................... 9 1.1 OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) .......................................... 11 1.2 PUBLIC AWARENESS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GOALS (SDGS) ....................... 14 1.3 HOW TO MEASURE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF URBAN AREAS? ....................................... 15 1.3 ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT .............................................................................................. 17 1.4 PROJECTION OF CARBON EMISSION FROM PASSENGER VEHICLES IN PENANG .................. 19 Chapter 2 Study Objectives & Methodology ...................................................................... 27 2.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE ................................................................................... 27 2.2 STUDY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 27 2.2.1 Literature Review ............................................................................................... 29 2.2.2 Focus Group Discussion and In-Depth Interview .............................................. 30 a. Stakeholders Identification .................................................................................. 30 b. Format ................................................................................................................ 31 c. Transcription ....................................................................................................... 32 2.2.3 Survey ............................................................................................................... 34 a. Design Questionnaire ......................................................................................... 34 b. Training of Enumerators ..................................................................................... 37 c. Pilot Study ........................................................................................................... 38 d. Sampling Frame ................................................................................................. 41 e. Survey Methods .................................................................................................. 43 f. Data Cleaning ...................................................................................................... 45 g. Data analysis ...................................................................................................... 46 2.2.4 Mapping ............................................................................................................. 47 2.2.5 Open Day .......................................................................................................... 47 Chapter 3 Profile of Stakeholders ....................................................................................... 49 3.1 PROFILE OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS ......................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 PROFILE OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN SURVEY ......................................................... 50 i Chapter 4 Current Scenario ................................................................................................. 54 4.1 CURRENT ISSUES ......................................................................................................... 54 4.1.1 Summary Findings from Public Survey ............................................................. 54 a. Public View on Environmental Issues in Penang State ...................................... 54 b. Public Satisfaction on Current Development Issues in Their Area ..................... 58 c. Public Concern on Issues of SDGs (Concern) .................................................... 61 4.1.2 Summary Findings from Focus Group Discussion and In-depth Interview ........ 67 a. Socioeconomic Issues ........................................................................................ 67 b. Built Environment ................................................................................................ 69 c. Waste Management ............................................................................................ 71 d. Transportation .................................................................................................... 72 e. Biodiversity ......................................................................................................... 72 f. Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 73 g. Land Matters ....................................................................................................... 74 h. Energy Security .................................................................................................. 75 i. Disaster ............................................................................................................... 75 j. Institution and Governance .................................................................................. 76 4.1.3 Summary of Current Issues ............................................................................... 78 4.1.4 Location of Development and Environmental Issues in Penang ....................... 82 4.2 CURRENT PRACTICES ................................................................................................... 88 4.2.1 Summary Findings from Public Survey ............................................................. 88 a. Sustainable Initiatives Taken and Practised by the Public .................................. 88 i. Age .................................................................................................................. 88 ii. Income ........................................................................................................... 89 iii. Education ...................................................................................................... 90 iv. District ............................................................................................................ 91 v. Location .......................................................................................................... 92 vi. Survey method .............................................................................................. 93 b. Waste Management Behaviour .......................................................................... 94 i. Age .................................................................................................................. 95 ii. Income ........................................................................................................... 99 iii. Education ...................................................................................................... 99 iv. District .......................................................................................................... 100 v. Location ........................................................................................................ 100 ii vi. Survey method ............................................................................................ 101 c. Transportation Behaviour .................................................................................. 102 d. Water Usage Behaviour ................................................................................... 104 e. Energy Usage Behaviour .................................................................................. 106 f. Green Food Consumption Patterns ................................................................... 109 g. Attitude and Engagement Towards Environmental Domains ........................... 114 4.2.2 Summary Findings from Focus Group Discussions and Interviews ................ 115 a. Socioeconomic Issues ...................................................................................... 115 b. Built Environment .............................................................................................. 116 c. Waste Management .......................................................................................... 123 d. Waste Segregation ........................................................................................... 128 e. Transportation ................................................................................................... 132 f. Biodiversity .......................................................................................................