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El Mercado De Equipos E Infraestructuras Ferroviarias En Malasia

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El Mercado De Equipos E Infraestructuras Ferroviarias En Malasia ESTUDIOS EM DE MERCADO 2018 El mercado de equipos e infraestructuras ferroviarias en Malasia Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur Este documento tiene carácter exclusivamente informativo y su contenido no podrá ser invocado en apoyo de ninguna reclamación o recurso. ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones no asume la responsabilidad de la información, opinión o acción basada en dicho contenido, con independencia de que haya realizado todos los esfuerzos posibles para asegurar la exactitud de la información que contienen sus páginas. ESTUDIOS EM DE MERCADO 28 de agosto de 2018 Kuala Lumpur Este estudio ha sido realizado por Román Sánchez Izard Bajo la supervisión de la Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur Editado por ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones, E.P.E., M.P. NIPO: 060-18-042-8 EM EL MERCADO DE EQUIPOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS FERROVIARIAS EN MALASIA Índice 1. Resumen ejecutivo 5 2. Definición de sector 7 2.1. Perspectiva general de Malasia 7 2.2. Introducción al mercado ferroviario malasio 12 2.3. Delimitación del sector y clasificación arancelaria 14 3. Oferta – Análisis de competidores 15 3.1. Marco regulatorio y organismos públicos del sector 15 3.2. Propietarios de los activos fijos y operadores ferroviarios 16 3.3. Agentes principales del sector ferroviario 19 3.3.1. Material rodante y componentes 19 3.3.2. Material fijo y de construcción de infraestructura ferroviaria 23 3.4. Tamaño del sector 24 3.4.1. Comercio exterior de material ferroviario 25 3.4.2. Importaciones de material ferroviario 26 3.4.3. Exportaciones de material ferroviario 28 3.4.4. Balanza comercial con España 30 3.5. Líneas de ferrocarril 30 3.5.1. Área de Klang Valley 30 3.5.2. Líneas Intercity 33 3.5.3. Líneas de cercanías del norte del país 34 3.5.4. Línea de Sabah 34 3.5.5. Otras líneas 34 4. Demanda 35 4.1. Transporte de viajeros 35 4.2. Transporte de vercancías 36 4.3. Problemas en la red 37 5. Acceso al mercado – Barreras 39 5.1. Obtención de proyectos 39 5.1.1. Localización de oportunidades 39 5.1.2. Adjudicación y transparencia en los procesos 40 5.1.3. Registro de empresas 41 5.2. Financiación 42 5.2.1. Financiación gubernamental 42 5.2.2. Financiación privada 42 5.2.3. Paternariado Público Privado (PPP) 43 5.2.4. Financiación de organismos multilaterales 43 3 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur EM EL MERCADO DE EQUIPOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS FERROVIARIAS EN MALASIA 5.3. Aranceles 44 6. Perspectivas y oportunidades del sector: proyectos ferroviarios 46 6.1. Proyectos en ejecución 46 6.1.1. Alta velocidad Kuala Lumpur – Singapur 47 6.1.2. Construcción del MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) 51 6.1.3. East Coast Rail Line 54 6.1.4. Desdoblamiento y electrificación del tramo Gemas-Johor de la Línea de la Costa Oeste 55 6.1.5. Ampliación del Light Rail Transit (LRT) 55 6.2. Proyectos en estudio 57 6.3. Proyectos de inversión 59 7. Información práctica 60 7.1. Ferias y eventos 60 7.2. Organismos y asociaciones 61 7.3. Seguimiento de licitaciones 62 8. Anexos 63 8.1. Relación de empresas locales 63 8.1.1. Material rodante 63 8.1.2. Material fijo 64 9. Bibliografía 65 4 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur EM EL MERCADO DE EQUIPOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS FERROVIARIAS EN MALASIA 1. Resumen ejecutivo Malasia dispone de una extensa red ferroviaria de aproximadamente 2.500 kilómetros de longitud, repartidos en las siguientes líneas: Dos líneas de Intercity que recorren la península (la línea de la Costa Oeste y la línea de la Costa Este) más una pequeña línea adicional (Rantau Panjang). Dos líneas de Cercanías en el norte peninsular. Dos líneas de Cercanías en Klang Valley. Dos líneas de Tren Ligero (LRT) en Kuala Lumpur. Línea de Alta Velocidad al Aeropuerto Internacional de KL. Línea de Monorraíl en Kuala Lumpur. Primera línea de Metro (MRT) en Kuala Lumpur. Línea ferroviaria de Sabah. Otras líneas: funicular Penang y aerotrain en KLIA. Durante el gobierno de Barisan Nacional, las inversiones en el sector ferroviario fueron fuertes y cobraron un papel prioritario: en la presentación del Undécimo Plan Malasia en mayo de 2015 se afirmó que la mitad de la dotación del plan, en torno a 27.000 millones de euros, se destinaría a la construcción de infraestructuras. ILUSTRACIÓN 1. IMPORTE DE LOS PROYECTOS Sin embargo, el entorno ha cambiado desde PARALIZADOS (MILLONES DE EUROS) mayo de 2018, tras la victoria de Pakatan Harapan en las elecciones generales. El nuevo gobierno ha optado por priorizar la consolidación económica, y mientras tanto se han paralizado varios de los proyectos estrella iniciados durante el anterior gobierno, tales como el tren de alta velocidad entre Kuala Lumpur y Singapur, la línea de la Costa Este o la tercera línea de Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos del gobierno de Malasia metro de la capital. 5 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur EM EL MERCADO DE EQUIPOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS FERROVIARIAS EN MALASIA En cualquier caso, los proyectos que se desarrollan en Malasia, aunque más limitados, continúan ofreciendo grandes oportunidades a empresas españolas del sector que apuesten de manera importante por la consecución de proyectos en el país. Los principales proyectos en ejecución son: Ampliación del tren ligero (LRT) con una tercera línea. Desdoblamiento y electrificación del tramo Gemas-Johor. Además, a medio y largo plazo existen diversos proyectos, entre los que destacan: Tren de cercanías entre Johor Bahru y Singapur. Tren ligero en Kuching. Penang Master Plan, que incluye dos líneas de tren ligero (LRT), tres líneas de monorraíl y un tranvía. Ampliación de la línea ferroviaria de Sabah. Línea ferroviaria de Sarawak y línea Trans-Borneo. Construcción de un tranvía en el área de Putrajaya y Cyberjaya. En Malasia existe un creciente número de empresas locales con capacidad para realizar proyectos de construcción e ingeniería, la mayoría agrupadas bajo la asociación sectorial MARIC. No obstante, en proyectos o paquetes de alta capacidad tecnológica muchas veces no son capaces de aportar el conocimiento suficiente. Por tanto, el sector ferroviario ofrece oportunidades de negocio muy interesantes a las empresas españolas con experiencia en el sector y en especial a aquellas que trabajen en áreas con un uso intensivo de conocimiento y tecnología. Además, Malasia no cuenta con empresas capaces de diseñar y fabricar material rodante, a excepción de Scomi en el sector del monorraíl. Por ello, teniendo en cuenta los proyectos que se están planificando en el país, se espera que las importaciones de material rodante aumenten de forma considerable en los próximos años, lo que supone una oportunidad para las empresas españolas con amplio reconocimiento en el sector. En definitiva, a pesar del cambio en la política de inversiones del nuevo gobierno, aún existen multitud de proyectos planificados en Malasia, de forma que el sector ferroviario español, con gran experiencia y know how acumulado en diversos países, puede llegar a obtener grandes éxitos en este mercado, que además puede servir como puerta de entrada para el Sudeste Asiático. 6 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur EM EL MERCADO DE EQUIPOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS FERROVIARIAS EN MALASIA 2. Definición de sector 2.1. Perspectiva general de Malasia Malasia se encuentra localizado en el centro del sudeste asiático, en una situación estratégica en comunicación con dos de los mercados emergentes más importantes y dinámicos del mundo como son India y China, con quienes mantiene tratados de Libre Comercio como miembro de ASEAN1. ILUSTRACIÓN 2. DIVISIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA DE MALASIA Fuente: City Data Esta característica, unida a la inmigración recibida como mano de obra para explotar los diversos recursos naturales de su territorio, ha generado un fuerte componente multicultural en el país, en el que conviven tres grandes grupos étnicos (bumiputras, chinos e indios), junto con una gran cantidad de pequeñas comunidades de diferentes orígenes (incluyendo Kadazandusun, Bajau, Murut, Iban, Bidayuh y Melanau). El territorio de Malasia cubre una extensión de 330.803 km2, que comprende la parte de Malasia peninsular y una parte de la isla de Borneo. El territorio está dividido en 13 estados y tres 1 Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático integrada por: Indonesia, Malasia, Filipinas, Singapur, Tailandia, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Birmania, Camboya. 7 Oficina Económica y Comercial de la Embajada de España en Kuala Lumpur EM EL MERCADO DE EQUIPOS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS FERROVIARIAS EN MALASIA territorios federales. Malasia Peninsular: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Peral, Perlis, Isla de Penang, Selangor, Terengganu y los territorios federales de Kuala Lumpur y Putrajaya; Isla de Borneo: Sabah, Sarawak y el territorio federal de la isla de Labuan. El sistema político del país es la democracia parlamentaria, con una monarquía constitucional apoyada en la división de los tres grandes poderes: el ejecutivo, el legislativo y el judicial. En contraste con otros países de la región, Malasia ha gozado de notable estabilidad en los últimos 40 años. Las pugnas políticas y sociales y los conflictos se han manejado con discreción y casi nunca han sido objeto de gran atención fuera del país. A ello ha contribuido que la coalición Barisan Nasional (BN) haya gobernado, el país desde su independencia en 1957 hasta el año 2018. Esta coalición, está formada por partidos en representación de las tres etnias existentes en el país: el partido malayo United Malaysian National Organization (UMNO), el chino Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) y el indio Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC).
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