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4.I.3. Het Vlaams Belang En De Media

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4.I.3. Het Vlaams Belang En De Media UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN DE POLITIEKE MARKETINGSTRATEGIE VAN EXTREEM- RECHTS: COMMUNICATIE- EN DISTRIBUTIEKANALEN, CONCEPT EN STRATEGIE VAN HET VLAAMS BELANG IN HET HUIDIGE POLITIEKE EN MEDIALANDSCHAP. EEN EMPIRISCHE STUDIE. Wetenschappelijke verhandeling aantal woorden: 24.851 ELINE DHAEN MASTERPROEF COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN afstudeerrichting COMMUNICATIEMANAGEMENT PROMOTOR: PROF. DR. DIRK VOORHOOF COMMISSARIS: DR. HANNES CANNIE COMMISSARIS: DR. OLIVIER DRIESSENS ACADEMIEJAAR 2008 - 2009 Abstract In deze scriptie bespreken we de politieke marketingstrategie van de extreemrechtse partij Vlaams Belang. Aan de hand van een kwalitatieve multimethodische casestudy gaan we na welke communicatie- en distributiekanalen de partij gebruikt en hoe haar concept en strategie eruit zien. Deze informatie kaderen we telkens in het huidige Vlaams politieke en medialandschap. Het overkoepelende beeld dat we trachten aan te reiken geeft deze scriptie haar wetenschappelijke relevantie. Onze resultaten wijzen er immers op dat er een interactie-effect waarneembaar is tussen de positionering van de partij en de communicatieoutput die zij aanreikt. Het communicatiegebeuren wordt binnen het Vlaams Belang overigens zeer strikt aan banden gelegd, en verloopt – zeker in vergelijking met de andere partijen – hoofdzakelijk via de partijleden zelf. Externe hulpbronnen worden slechts sporadisch en meestal onofficieel geraadpleegd. Op politiek niveau zit het Vlaams Belang bevangen in het zogenaamde cordon sanitaire. Geen enkele partij wil een regering vormen met het VB, wat van de partij nog meer een underdog maakt. Dit past perfect in de sterke antipolitieke houding en de populistische koers die het Vlaams Belang vaart. In haar communicatie naar het publiek toe zal zij dan ook regelmatig verwijzen naar deze „één tegen allen‟-positie. Binnen het medialandschap spreekt het VB van een cordon médiatique. De partij vindt dat ze moeilijker toegang krijgt tot de traditionele massamedia en minder aan bod komt dan de andere partijen. Dit zal zich uiten in haar communicatiestrategie: om de aandacht van de media te trekken zal het Vlaams Belang andere middelen aanwenden, zoals het organiseren van acties en het verspreiden van provocerende uitlatingen. Anderzijds zullen er andere propagandamiddelen gebruikt worden, zoals de VL-krant, wegens de permanente weigering van kranten en weekbladen om VB-advertenties te publiceren. We bemerken dat de representativiteit van ons onderzoek niet gegarandeerd kan worden. We laten het over aan de lezer om zelf onze conclusies te beoordelen. 2 Inhoudsopgave 1. Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 5 2. Methodologisch kader .......................................................................................................... 8 2.I Onderzoeksmethode .......................................................................................................... 8 2.II Materiaalselectie en waarnemingsinstrument .................................................................. 8 3. Het Vlaams Belang ............................................................................................................. 15 3.I. De partij ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.I.1. Van Vlaams Blok naar Vlaams Belang .................................................................. 15 3.I.2. Ontstaan, groei en doorbraak van het Vlaams Blok ............................................... 15 3.I.3. Identiteit, waarden en normen van het VB ............................................................. 17 3.II. Het Vlaams Belang in het huidige Vlaamse politieke landschap ................................. 19 4. Communicatie- en distributiekanalen .............................................................................. 21 4.I. Politiek en media: Politieke berichtgeving en free publicity ......................................... 21 4.I.1. Het verband tussen mediaverschijningen en electorale successen ......................... 21 4.I.2. Agendasetting rond politieke berichtgeving ........................................................... 22 4.I.3. Het Vlaams Belang en de media ............................................................................. 24 4.II. Betaalde of zelf verkregen publiciteit ........................................................................... 28 4.II.1. Propaganda gebruikt voor de verkiezingscampagne van 2007.............................. 29 4.III. Vrijwilligers- en militantenwerk ................................................................................. 33 5. Structuur en organisatie van het communicatiegebeuren .............................................. 35 5.I. Structuur en organisatie: algemeen ................................................................................ 35 5.I.1. CD&V ..................................................................................................................... 35 5.I.2. N-VA ....................................................................................................................... 35 5.I.3. Open-VLD .............................................................................................................. 36 5.I.4. Sp.a – Spirit ............................................................................................................. 37 5.I.5. Groen! ..................................................................................................................... 37 5.I.6. Lijst Dedecker ......................................................................................................... 38 5.II. Structuur en organisatie: Het Vlaams Belang ............................................................... 38 5.II.1. Organisatie van de interne communicatie.............................................................. 38 3 5.II.2. Organisatie van de externe communicatie ............................................................. 39 5.II.3. Andere diensten met betrekking tot communicatie ............................................... 43 6. Product, strategie en concept ............................................................................................ 44 6.I. Brede omkadering van de verkiezingen van 10 juni 2007 ............................................. 44 6.II. Product .......................................................................................................................... 46 6.III. Positionering- en segmenteringstrategie ..................................................................... 47 6.III.1. Positionering ......................................................................................................... 47 6.III.2. Segmentering en doelgroepenbeleid .................................................................... 48 6.IV. Concept, lay-out en vorm ............................................................................................ 49 6.IV.1. Persoonlijke stijl ................................................................................................... 49 6.IV.2. Stijl van de Vlaams Belangpropaganda ............................................................... 50 7. Conclusie ............................................................................................................................. 66 Bibliografie .............................................................................................................................. 71 Bijlagen .................................................................................................................................... 80 Bijlage 1: Interview met Pieter Knapen ............................................................................... 81 Bijlage 2: Interview met Arnout Collier .............................................................................. 84 Bijlage 3: Interview met Frans Wymeersch ......................................................................... 95 Bijlage 4: Interview met Wim Wienen .............................................................................. 100 Bijlage 5: Interview met Jeroen Overmeer (N-VA) ........................................................... 110 Bijlage 6: Interview met Tom Van den Bergh ................................................................... 122 Bijlage 7: Interview met Piet Deslé en Joeri Casteleyn ..................................................... 127 Bijlage 8: Interview met Jos Stassen (groen!) .................................................................... 132 Bijlage 9: Interview met Aubry Cornelis ........................................................................... 135 Bijlage 10: Interview met Johan Van Hoecke .................................................................... 142 Bijlage 11: Interview met Filip Dewinter .......................................................................... 148 Bijlage 12: Campagnedraaiboek wetgevende verkiezingen 11 juni 2007 ......................... 154 4 1. Inleiding Van politiek kunnen we vandaag de dag veel verwachten, maar af en toe gebeurt er iets dat ons toch oprecht verbaast. In ons geval zijn dat de krasse uitspraken en opvallende stunts die onze veelbesproken extreemrechtse partij, het Vlaams Belang, telkens weer de wereld instuurt. Vanuit die verwondering ontstond de aanleiding tot dit onderzoek. Toch situeert de daadwerkelijke relevantie
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