WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

ELEVENTH SESSION

NOUMEA, 18-27 MAY 1994

ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT WITH RESOLUTIONS

WMO-No.811

Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization - Geneva - Switzerland 1995 © 1995, World Meteorological Organization

ISBN 92-63-10811-0

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expres­ sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CONTENTS

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GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION • ...... 1

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION ...... 2 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials ...... 2 2.2 Adoption of the agenda ...... ,...... 2 2.3 Establishnient of committees ...... 2 2.4 Other organizational matters ...... 2

3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE AsSOCIATION ...... 2

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 2 4.1 WWW plan and status of implementation ...... 2 4.2 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme ...... 4 4.3 Data-processing system ...... 7 4.4 Telecommunication system ...... 8 4.5 Data management, including regional codes ...... 9 4.6 WWW System Support Activities ...... 10 4.7 WMO satellite activities ...... 10 4.8 Tropical Cyclone Programme ...... 10

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROG~ - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 11 5.1 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) ...... 11 5.2 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) ...... 12 5.3 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP) ...... 13 5.4 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ...... 13 5.5 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ...... 14 5.6 World Climate Programme coordination activities ...... 15

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 15 6.1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) ...... 15 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programmes ...... 16 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme ...... 16 6.4 Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modification Research Programme ...... 16

7. APPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 16 7.1 Public Weather Services Programme ...... 16 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme ...... 17 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme ...... 17 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme ...... 18

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 21

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 23

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 25

11. PUBLIC INFORMATION -REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 26

12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 27

13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ...... 28 13.1 Internal matters of the Association ...... 28 13.2 Follow-up activities related to UNCED ...... 29 13.3 Cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) ...... 30 13.4 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) ...... 30 IV CONTENTS

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14. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE AsIA AND THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC ...... 31

15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS ...... 31

16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AsSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ...... 32

11. ELECTION OF OFFICERS ...... 32

18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TWELFTH SESSION ...... 32

19... CLOSURE OF THE SESSION ...... 32

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION Final Session No. No. 1 4.1/1 Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V ...... 33 2 4.2/1 Regional Basic Synoptic Network ...... 35 3 4.4/1 Amendments to the Manual on the GTS, Volume II, Regional aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific) ...... 40 4 4.5/1 Modifications to regional regulations of FM 12-XI Ext. SYNOP and FM 13-XI Ext. SHIP to meet additional data requirements ...... 42 5 4.8/1 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South- East Indian Ocean ...... 42 6 5.6/1 Working Group on Climate Matters ...... 44 7 6/1 Rapporteur.on Atmospheric Ozone ...... 45 8 7.2/1 Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology ...... 45 9 7.4/1 Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services ...... 47 10 7.4/2 Use of INMARSAT for the collection of ships' meteorological and oceanographic reports ...... 47 11 7.4/3 Participation in the JOint IOC/WMO Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) ...... 48 12 8/1 Working Group on Hydrology ...... 49 13 16/1 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association ...... 50

ANNEXES I Annex to paragraph 7.2.5 of the general summary: Agrometeorological themes for further study/implementation in RA V ...... 54 II Annex to paragraph 7.3.8 of the general summary: Proposed guidelines for authorized access to the WAFS satellite broadcasts ...... 55 III Annex to paragraph 7.4.2 of the general summary: Summary of marine meteorological and oceanographic services in RA V ...... 55 IV Annex to paragraph 7.4.6 of the general summary: Summary of meteorological support for marine pollution emergency response activities in RA V ...... 56 V Annex to paragraph 12.1 of the general summary: RA V regional priorities for the. period of the Fourth Long-term Plan 1996-2005 ...... 56

APPENDICES A. List of persons attending the session ...... 58 B. Agenda ...... 59 C. List of documents ..... '" ...... 61 1. ((DOC" series ...... 61 II. ((PINK" series ...... 63 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION (agenda item 1) Congress in 1991 and he hoped that Members of the Region 1.1 At the kind invitation of the Government of would enhance their efforts in disaster mitigation pro­ France, the eleventh session of Regional Association V grammes especially those related to tropical cyclones. He also (South-West Pacific) was held in Noumea, New indicated that the commercialization of meteorological Caledonia, from 18 to 27 May 1994. The session was products and services was currently of great concern to declared open by Dr S. Karjoto, the acting president of WMO Members and reported on the activities of the the Association, at the Surf Novotel at 9.30 a.m. on Organization and the present state of affairs as regards that 18 May 1994. issue. The Secretary-General urged the Association to give 1.2 Speaking on behalf of the Permanent Represent­ special attention to a number of areas of high priority in its ative of New Caledonia with WMO, Mr D. Lambergeon, work, including the strengthening of the WWW system and extended a warm welcome to all the participants at the climate monitoring, increasing the visibility and status of session. He expressed pleasure that the session was being national Services, and enhancing capabilities for disaster held in New Caledonia at a historic time when many preparedness and prevention. He wished all the participants developments were taking place in the field of meteoro­ a most successful session and an enjoyable stay in Noumea. logy. He noted that modern technology such as satellites, 1.4 In welcoming the participants to the session, Mr telecommunications and computer systems had had an J. Leques, Mayor of Noumea, recalled that the last session increasing impact in the improvement of present day of the Association held in Noumea had taken place in meteorological services, and expressed satisfaction that 1962. He attached great importance to the activities of the smaller Meteorological Services in Region V could the Organization especially those related to tropical benefit from such technological advancement. He cyclones since they were among the most significant pointed out that hosting the session in New Caledonia meteorological phenomena affecting New Caledonia, was a clear indication that METEO-FRANCE wished to threatening loss of life and causing damage to property. ensure close collaboration among Meteorological Services He emphasized the importance of modern technology in in Region V, in particular as regards tropical cyclone providing more accurate and timely forecasts and warn­ warning and climate studies. In concluding his state­ ings. Droughts were cited as another major natural ment, Mr Lambergeon wished the participants a pleasant hazard in the country and, in that regard, Mr Leques stay in Noumea. expressed satisfaction that a scientific lecture on the 1.3 In his address, Professor G. O. P. Obasi, Secretary­ 1991-1993 El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event General of WMO, expressed his appreciation and gratitude would be delivered during the session. to the Government of France, the authorities of New 1.5 Mr S. Loueckhote, President of Congress Caledonia, and the Permanent Representative of New welcomed the participants to the session. In stressing the Caledonia with WMO for the kind invitation to host the importance of meteorology in the everyday life of the session in the beautiful city of Noumea and for the excellent people of New Caledonia, he indicated that tropical arrangements made. He also extended a warm welcome to cyclones played an extremely important role. He also all participants. The Secretary-General highlighted the activ­ mentioned the important role that meteorology played ities of the Organization, particularly those of relevance and in agricultural activities in his country. significance to Regional Association V, that had taken place 1.6 Mr A. Christnacht, Delegate of the Government since its tenth session in 1989. He attached special import­ and High Commissioner of the Republic, expressed ance to the United Nations Conference on Environment and his pleasure in welcoming the delegates to New Caledonia. Development (UNCED) held in June 1992. The contribu­ He indicated that New Caledonia wished to participate tions of WMO to the UNCED process included the more actively in meteorology in the Region. In that regard, convening of the Second World Climate Conference in he drew attention to the role of meteorology not only in Geneva in 1990 and the International Conference on Water providing daily forecasts but also in sectors contributing to and the Environment in Dublin in 1992 on behalf of other the national economy such as agriculture, and air and organizations. He stressed the need for Members' active· sea navigation. Mr Christnacht also drew attention to participation in the follow-up of UNCED as reflected in important meteorological phenomena in the Pacific Agenda 21 and the Framework Convention on Climate region, such as droughts and tropical cyclones, and empha­ Change. The Secretary-General was pleased to note that five sized the importance of scientific research in addressing the Members from the Region had ratified the Convention challenges posed by such natural hazards. which came into force on 21 March 1994. Professor Obasi 1.7 Dr S. Karjoto, the acting president of the indicated that a "Plan of Action" to consolidate WMO's Association welcomed all the participants and thanked activities in the context of the International Decade for the Government of France for the excellent facilities Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) had been adopted by provided. He saw the coordination of meteorology in the 2 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Region as an important task of the Association, especially It was further decided that items 3, 11, 12, 13 and 15 since most of the Members in Region V were developing would be considered by the Committee of the Whole countries situated in vast oceanic expanses. He con­ chaired by the acting president. The remaining agenda sidered that, because of the particular geographical items would be considered at plenary meetings. situation in the Region, aChieving and maintaining satis­ COORDINATION COMMITTEE factory telecommunications systems was of particular 2.3.3 A Coordination Committee comprising the importance. He drew attention to other areas of activity acting president, Vice-preSident, the co-chairmen of the of WMO which were especially relevant to the Region, two working committees, the representative of the such as various components of the World Weather Secretary-General and the secretaries of the working Watch, tropical cyclone warnings and forecasts, agricul­ committees was established. tural meteorology, hydrology and climate issues. The acting president encouraged regional cooperation among 2.4 OTHER ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS (agenda the Members and cited the establishment of the ASEAN item 2.4) Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC) and the close Under this agenda item the Association decided working relationship between WMO and the South on the working hours for the duration of the session. It Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) as also authorized the president of the Association, after excellent examples of such cooperation. On behalf of consultation with the participants, to approve those RA V, Dr Karjoto expressed appreciation to the minutes of plenary meetings that could not be approved Government of France for hosting the session. during the session, in accordance with WMO General Regulation 113. 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (agenda item 2) 3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE 2.1 CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORT ON CREDENTIALS ASSOCIATION (agenda item 3) (agenda item 2.1) 3.1 The Association noted with appreCiation the 2.1.1 As provided for in the WMO General Regula­ report of the acting president of RA V and expressed satis­ tions, credentials were examined by the representative of faction with the effective manner in which the activities the Secretary-General who presented a list of Members of of the Association were being undertaken, in spite of WMO, observers and international organizations attend­ financial constraints faced by the Organization and ing the session. That list was accepted by the Association many of its Members. The report provided an overall and it was, therefore, decided that it would not be neces­ review and assessment of the major activities of the sary to establish a Credentials Committee. Association since its tenth session. It especially welcomed 2.1..2 There were 45 participants at the session, includ­ the close working relationship which had developed ing delegates from 12 Members of RA V, six observers between WMO and the South Pacific Regional Environ­ from countries that are not Members of WMO, two ment Programme and emphasized the importance of invited experts and four observers from international continuing collaboration between the two Organizations organizations. A complete list of participants is given in for the development of meteorology in the Region; Appendix A to this report. 3.2 The Association commended its acting president, Dr Karjoto, for the dedication with which he had worked 2.2 ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA (agenda item 2.2) to assist the national Meteorological and Hydrological The agenda was adopted unanimously. It is Services (NMHSs) of the Members in the Region. The Associ­ reproduced as Appendix B. ation also commended the former president, Mr Paul Lo Su 2.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMITTEES (agenda Siew, for his able leadership and valuable contributions item 2.3) towards the development and implementation of WMO

NOMINATIONS COMMITfEE programmes in the Region. The Association further paid tribute to the former vice-presidents, Messrs Ram Krishna 2.3.1 In accordance with General Regulation 24, a and Mike Longworth, who had during their terms of office Nominations Committee was established consisting of provided valuable assistance to the preSident. the principal delegates of Australia, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea. 4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME - WORKING COMMITfEES REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 4) 2.3.2 Two working committees were established to 4.1 WWW PLAN AND STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION deal with the various agenda items: (agenda item 4.1) (a) Committee A was assigned agenda items 4,7.1,7.3, REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING GROUP ON THE 7.4 and 8. Mr J. R. Lumsden (New Zealand) and WWW Mr Woon Shih Lai (Singapore) were elected to serve 4.1.1 The Association received with appreciation the as its co-chairmen; report of the chairman of the Working Group on the (b) Committee B was assigned agenda items 5, 6, 7.2, Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V, 9 and 10. Mr B. K. Cheang (Malaysia) and Mr Dr R. R. Brook (Australia), as well as the reports of the H. K. Taiki (Vanuatu) were elected to serve as its Rapporteurs on the Regional Aspects of the Global co-chairmen. Observing System (GOS), the Global Data-processing GENERAL SUMMARY 3

System (GDPS), Data Management (DM) and on • The implementation of WWW/DM concept and Meteorological Radar Systems. It was noted that the assistance in its evolution in Region V; working group had addressed many important problems • Improved coordination and integration of the func­ and challenges as regards the implementation of the tions and activities of the basic WWW components WWW in the Region and had made good progress (GDPS, GOS, GTS and DM) on the basis of the Third towards accomplishing the many tasks assigned to it. The WMO Long-term Plan; reports were discussed in greater detail under the relevant • Current status of implementation and operation agenda items of the session. of the WWW in the Region - Annual Global 4.1.2 The Association supported the recommendation Monitoring. of the working group that the Region should become 4.1.7 The Association considered the overall status of more intimately involved in the work of the Commission implementation of the GOS and GTS in the Region on for Basic Systems (CBS) as that would more effectively the basis of the annual global monitoring of the opera­ facilitate the coordination, development and implemen­ tion of the WWW carried out in October 1992 and 1993. tation of the WWW plan in the Region and ensure better It was noted that ten Members from Region V had understanding of the regional needs and possibilities by provided the Secretariat with the results of their monitor­ the Commission. In that context, the Association ing activity. welcomed proposals developed by the Secretary-General 4.1.8 As regards the availability of observational for consideration by Twelfth Congress. reports, the Association noted some preliminary results 4.1.3 Noting with particular satisfaction that the of the 1993 global monitoring. The availability of TEMP working group had successfully held its first session in Part A and B reports was not satisfactory and represented May 1992 in Singapore the Association expressed its a slight decrease in 1993 as compared to 1992. The situa­ thanks to the Meteorological Service of Singapore for tion as far as SYNOP and CliMAT TEMP reports were providing the host facilities and services and to the chair­ concerned was relatively satisfactory, with an improve­ man for the work accomplished. ment as regards SYNOP in 1993. The availability of CLiMAT reports remained unsatisfactory, but had, never­ THE WWW PROGRAMME theless, somewhat improved in 1993. The complete 4.1.4 The WWW Programme for 1992-2001, regional report on the 1993 global monitoring would be approved by Eleventh Congress as part of the Third distributed by the Secretary-General in the near future to Long-term Plan (TLTP), was given particular attention by all Members in the Region. the Association. It was noted that the WWW remained 4.1.9 As far as the monitoring exercise itself was the core activity of the Organization and that its main­ concerned, the Association agreed that a more compre­ tenance and strengthening was considered essential for hensive participation of Members in the monitoring an effective WMO response to the new challenges activities would allow a better identification of the defi­ presented by the issues of environment and development ciencies in the operation of the WWW. It urged all and climate change. Members to participate in the monitoring activities in 4.1.5 It was further noted that the regional associ­ the most comprehensive manner, especially as regards ations were expected to play an active role in the the annual global monitoring. implementation and further development of the WWW 4.1.10 The Association noted that, for the first time, as foreseen in the TLTP. The session agreed that RA V Members had been invited in 1991 to participate in a test should keep the WWW Programme under continuous on the exchange of monitoring results on electronic review and recommend adjustments in the light of media. Thirty-six Members, including three in RA V, had Members' changing requirements and developments in . provided their results on floppy disks for the October science and technology. It should also identify deficien­ 1993 global monitoring. Noting that the experiment had cies, propose remedial measures and develop system proved successful, the Association considered that the support projects on a regional scale. exchange of monitoring results on electronic media 4.1.6 When considering the specific activities planned would become essential for the adequate and meaningful for the eleventh financial period. the Association agreed analyses of monitoring results. It agreed to encourage that the following issues required particular attention in centres to exchange regularly monitoring results (at least Region V: the results of the annual global monitoring) presented on • Full implementation of quality-control procedures such electronic media when that was feasible. and improved monitoring of data availability; 4.1.11 Finally, the Association agreed that, in the light • Reducing the deficiencies in the Global Observing of the many tasks and issues in connection with the System and the Global Data-processing System; implementation of the WWW Programme in the Region, • Improvement of the operation of the Global Tele­ it would be necessary to re-establish the Working Group communication System (GTS) in the Region by taking on the Planning and Implementation of the WWW in into account new telecommunication techniques Region V. Resolution 1 (XI-RA V) was adopted. The and means available as well as evolving information Association noted that for many members of the working exchange requirements; group their contribution to its work programme needed • Wider usage of BUFR and GRIB codes for the exchange to be fitted in with their day-to-day responsibilities of information over the GTS as soon as feasible; within their own Services. It was, therefore, seen as very 4 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V important that Members make every effort to assure that REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK the necessary resources were available to the experts 4.2.5 The Association noted with satisfaction that designated as members of the working group. there continued to be a reasonably high level of imple­ Additionally, the Association recognized that the magni­ mentation of the Regional Basic SynoptiC Network tude of the work programme given to the working group (RBSN) of surface and upper-air stations - 96 per cent for the next intersessional period was such that from and 82 per cent respectively. The implementation of the time to time the group would need to focus on some observing programmes was, however, rated at 82 per cent activities at the expense of others. Thus, although the for surface observations, compared to the global average terms of reference of the working group were rather of 88 per cent, and only 67 per cent for upper-air obser­ general in nature, the group's priorities might be deter­ vations, compared to 78 per cent globally. mined by issues that arose during the intersessional 4.2.6 It was recognized however that the RBSN had period. evolved gradually on the basis of individual Members' programmes and plans, with stations often added or 4.2 OBSERVING SYSTEM, INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME withdrawn from the network according to Members' (agenda item 4.2) ability or desire to implement them, rather than having been designed on a regional scale with a specific spacing GENERAL between stations in mind. This had resulted in consider­ 4.2.1 The Association noted that the basic concept of able variations in the density of RBSN stations across the the Global Observing System, as described in the Third Region. While some remote areas had very few stations, WMO Long-term Plan adopted in 1991 by Cg-XI, other more populous regions had more than sufficient remained unchanged. It was a composite system for regional purposes. comprising the surface-based and space-based (satellite) 4.2.7 Another qualifying factor to be considered in sub-systems. The former was composed of the regional the implementation figures was that the annual monitor­ basic synoptic networks and other networks of observing ing results showed that less than 70 per cent of the stations on land, at sea and in the air, while near-polar­ reports expected from the RBSN actually reached centres orbiting and geos.tationary satellites with the associated on the GTS. Although the principal problem in that ground equipment made up the latter. connection was one of data transmission, it was very 4.2.2 The main long-term objective ofthe GOS was to likely that not all observations which had been provide quality-controlled data sets of sufficient accuracy programmed were actually made. and with the temporal, horizontal and vertical resolu­ 4.2.8 The Association noted that the pressing need for tions required for the analyses of all atmospheric cost-effectiveness was having an increasing effect with processes relevant to short-, medium- and long-range countries seeking to use the money spent on observations forecasts. The highest priority of the GOS was to meet most efficiently. Automatic weather stations were proving global data requirements which called for a horizontal to be cheaper to run and often provided more reports each resolution of 250 km for both surface and upper­ day. In some cases they had allowed Members to rationalize air observations and a frequency of four per day for their networks by obtaining observations from remote areas. surface and a minimum of two per day for upper-air The Association welcomed the initiative of Malaysia to observations. implement a substantive network of automatic weather 4.2.3 The Association further noted that, as recog­ stations. The Association also noted the efforts of the USA nized in the TLTP, many countries would find it difficult in establishing automatic station networks in Micronesia to meet the required density of observing stations but to support typhoon forecasting, and in American Samoa that the situation could be improved by redesigning the to support the expansion of its services in that area. regional basic synoptic networks and by redistribution of 4.2.9 During the revision and updating of the RBSN operating stations rather than just increasing their the Association took into account the global and regional number. In that connection, it was foreseen that regional requirements, as well as the comments of the Rapporteur associations would review their basic synoptic networks on the GOS on the main deficiencies in the network, and to identify those areas where it was most critical to estab­ attempted to strike a balance between the "ideal" lish new stations. Minimum networks could be designed network and what was realistically possible. In adopting with a lower horizontal resolution and individual Resolution 2 (XI-RA V) with the revised regional basic Members should coordinate the location of stations near synoptic network, the Association recognized that the border areas with neighbouring countries to ensure that distribution of stations could still be improved and that station spacing was more uniform. there were still areas where the number of stations was 4.2.4 The particular situation as regards the imple­ far from sufficient. The Association therefore requested mentation of the GOS in RA V had been the subject of a the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of questionnaire distributed to Members of the Association the WWW in RA V to continue to study the design of the and a subsequent report had been prepared by the network and propose improvements thereto. Rapporteur on the GOS. The Association expressed its appreciation for the report which it considered in OTHER NETWORKS OF OBSERVING STATIONS conjunction with the report submitted by the Secretary­ 4.2.10 The Association was particularly pleased to note General on the same subject. the efforts being made by Members to increase the GENERAL SUMMARY 5

numbers of observations over sea areas which covered 4.2.15 As regards CLiMAT TEMP reports, it was noted such a large part of the Region. Since the last session of that although 82 of the 100 radiosonde stations in the the Association the number of ships recruited by RBSN were reportedly operational, making at least one Members to the WMO Voluntary Observing Ship scheme sounding per day, only 68 of those were indicated as had increased from 339 to 373 and the average number preparing CLiMAT TEMP reports. It was strongly empha­ of reports received daily had more than doubled. It was sized that all upper-air stations should prepare such recognized however that still only 16 per cent of the total reports. number of ships of over 1 600 tons registered by coun­ SPACE-BASED SUB-SYSTEM tries of the Region had been recruited. It was also 4.2.16 The Association recognized the importance of considered that many of the ships which had been near-pOlar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological recruited were either not reporting when crossing the satellites in providing global data coverage through Pacific Ocean or, if they werej their reports were not quantitative data distributed largely over the GTS and reaching the GTS. Members were urged to continue their through imagery received directly from the satellites or as efforts to obtain more observations from ships. processed information via the GTS. (Details of the 4.2.11 As far as other types of marine stations were composition of the operational polar-orbiting and geo­ concerned it was also gratifying to note that there had stationary satellite systems were set out in the WWW - been significant increases in the deployment of drifting Sixteenth status report on implementation.) buoys in the Region and that the number operational at 4.2.17 It was noted that nine of the 16 Members of the any given time was approaching 200. There were also S2 Association were equipped with low resolution (APT) moored buoys and 24 fixed ocean platforms. and/or high resolution (HRP1) receivers for transmissions 4.2.12 The Association expressed its appreciation for from polar-orbiting satellites and that 14 Members had the initiative of the chairman of the Working Group on low resolution WEFAX receivers and/or high resolution the Planning and Implementation of the WWW in geostationary satellite receivers. Also noted with appreci­ . Region V in proposing the appointment of a rapporteur ation was the initiative of Australia in obtaining global to review the current status and develop a common real-time imagery from both polar-orbiting and geo­ strategy for the use of weather radars in the Region. stationary satellites via an Internet link and making the About 7S weather surveillance radars were located within imagery available to other Members via the DIFACS the Region (about 60 per cent of them in Australia) communication system. In some circumstances that and a further 4S were planned or urgently needed. arrangement coqld provide a higher quality product than The Association agreed that the radars would make a that by conventional reception facilities. significant contribution to weather observing, and short­ range forecasting and warning services. As many OMEGA NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEM countries had limited expertise, the Association agreed it 4.2.18 The Association received with gratitude informa­ would be useful to develop some standardization in the tion from Australia that it had been pOSSible, in spite of planning, installation and operation of weather radars. serious financial constraints, to secure the funding neces­ The Association requested its Working Group on sary for the operation of the OMEGA station located in Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V South-East Australia. However, Australia would not be to pursue the matter and to study requirements and tech­ able to provide that service beyond 30 September 1997. It nical possibilities to establish and operate a radar was to·be expected that the OMEGA system, at a global network. level, would cease operation by the end of the decade. 4.2.13 The fact that large numbers of AMDAR reports Countries using radiosondes that required the OMEGA were becoming available in the Region was noted with services were advised by the Association to place high satisfaction by the Association which encouraged all its priority on the replacement of such systems, keeping in Members to continue to investigate the possibilities of mind that the satellite-based global positioning system equipping aircraft of their respective national airlines currently seemed to be the best alternative. with automated observing and reporting systems. GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS) CLiMAT AND CLiMAT TEMP REPORTING STATIONS 4.2.19 The Association noted that, in the near-term, 4.2.14 In reviewing the network of CLiMAT and CLiMAT the establishment of the GCOS Initial Operational .. TEMP reporting stations, the Association noted that there System (lOS) on the basis of existing structures like had been little change in the situation since its last WWW was being strongly pursued, including, in session. According to information provided by Members, . particular: a total of 219 stations were expected to prepare CLiMAT • The establishment of baseline networksj reports but only 179, or about half of those included in • Arrangements for additional data exchange (e.g. snow the RBSN, actually submitted such reports. The depth, radiation and soil moisture)j Association agreed that the incorporation of more • Arrangements for end-to-end monitoring and near­ CLiMAT reporting stations into the RBSN should be real-time feedbackj considered and that Members should make greater efforts • SystematiC quality control of data, using the lead to ensure that as many as possible of those stations centre concept of the WWWj already in the RBSN prepared such reports. • Close collaboration with the satellite operators. 6 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

4.2.20 The Association strongly endorsed the GCOS carried out together with RA II in 1989, and the con­ concept and encouraged the continuing study and stim­ siderable financial burden connected with such a ulation of the activities of GCOS committees and the comparison. The Association welcomed with special grat­ GCOS office as well as the implementation of the actual itude the offer of Australia to host the next comparison Global Climate Observing System by existing national in 1996. and international programmes. In view of the import­ 4.2.26 The Association underscored the importance of ance of GCOS in climate monitoring and related the information published in the Instruments and research, it also encouraged all Members to provide the Observing Methods Reports series that were regularly dis­ necessary support to implementing the lOS as a matter of tributed to all Members. Those reports provided valuable high priority. guidance on measurement and observing techniques and 4.2.21 The Association was apprised that the GCOS were, in addition, a very useful means for the transfer of Atmospheric Observation Panel at its first session knowledge to developing countries. (Hamburg, 25-Z8 April 1994) had proposed the establish­ 4.2.27 The Association appreCiated the opportunity to ment of a GCOS Baseline Upper-Air Network. The participate in and contribute to the Technical Confer­ purpose was to ensure a permanent network of high­ ences on Meteorological and Hydrological Instruments, performance, geographically well-distributed stations held in Vienna, Austria, in May 1992 and in Geneva, dedicated to making upper-air measurements of the basic Switzerland, in March 1994. Such conferences were help­ meteorological variables for detecting, monitoring and ful in obtaining information on the status and the future predicting climate change. The network would be based development of instrumentation and methods of obser­ mainly on currently operating GOS stations. The criteria vation and should also be used for educational purposes. for selecting stations to be included in the network were, In that context, the Association emphasized the need for in order of importance: first, the remoteness of the extended training and retraining of observers, station station, which determined its relative contribution to as inspectors and instrument technicians. homogeneous distribution as was pOSSible; second, the 4.2.28 It was stressed that continuous efforts were performance of a site in obtaining high-quality observa­ necessary to enhance the quality of observations made. tions; and third, the existence of a reasonably long Members were therefore urged to carry out inspections of historical record. their networks of stations at regular intervals to ensure 4.2.22 The proposed GCOS Baseline Upper-Air Network the correct functioning of instruments and their proper would be composed of approximately 150 stations world­ calibration according to the procedures contained in the wide with a southern hemisphere (900S-Z00S) set of 40 WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of stations, and a tropical (ZOON-ZOOS) set of SO stations. The Observation (WMO-No. 8). Special attention should be Association took note of the stations proposed by the directed to the calibration of operationally used baro­ GCOS Panel that were within the Region. The Associ­ meters. Considering the results of the WMO Digital ation also noted the recommendation that, at a number Barometer Comparison (published in WMO/TD­ of stations in the tropical regions, rawinsonde equipment No. 474), the Association advised its Members that digital should be replaced by alternative or currently experi­ barometers with an improved long-term stability were mental wind measuring systems. Such a change might very suitable for use as travelling standards. prove to be cost-effective at logistically difficult sites. 4.2.29 The Association considered the value of regional 4.2.23 The Association welcomed the proposals devel­ instrument centres for proper calibration of instruments oped by the GCOS AtmospheriC Observation Panel and and for organizing training courses. It encouraged its urged its Members to spare no effort in maintaining and Members to establish such centres in the Region as soon strengthening the operation of their stations proposed as as possible taking into account pertinent gUidance issued part of the GCOS Baseline Upper-Air Network. byCIMO.

INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE COMMISSION FOR (IMOP) INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION RELEVANT TO THE REGION 4.2.24 The Association stressed the importance of the standardization of sensors and instruments used at 4.2.30 The Association was informed that CIMO, at its surface-based meteorological stations and fully supported eleventh session (Geneva, 21 February - 4 March 1994), Resolution 6 (EC-XLII) by which the corresponding had addressed the need within the WMO Programmes recommendations of the tenth session of the Commis­ for strengthening endogenous capacity for systematic sion for Instruments and Methods of Observation observations. To that end CIMO had proposed specific (CIMO) had been adopted. long-term objectives for the Fourth Long-term Plan and 4.2.25 Regional radiation standards were verified amended terms of reference for the Commission, both of during the WMO Seventh International Pyrheliometer which emphasized the economic use of instruments Comparison (IPC-VII) at the World Radiation Centre in under varying working conditions and in differing tech­ Davos, Switzerland, in September-October 1990 against nical infrastructures with particular attention to the the World Radiation Reference. The Association con­ needs of developing countries. sidered the need for a pyrheliometer comparison in 4.2.31 The Commission had appOinted a Rapporteur RA V taking into account that the last one had been on Capacity Building and had recommended to the GENERAL SUMMARY 7

Executive Council that regional associations be invited to between the ASEAN countries for the improvement of appoint an instrument specialist from their Region as a reception and postprocessing of ASMC products by their Rapporteur on Instruments and Methods of Observation National MeteorolOgical Centres (NMCs). who should focus on IMOP matters related to capacity 4.3.3 The Association noted that a number of NMCs building and serve as the focal point for communications had also made further progress in implementation of between regional associations and CIMO. GDPS activities and upgraded their data-processing and 4.2.32 Considering the important role of CIMO for the message-switching systems. It was noted, however, that standardization of instruments and methods of observa­ there were NMCs which had not yet benefited from the tion and noting also that the International Organization availability of GDPS products because of inadequacies in for Standardization (ISO) had recently established a sub­ their communications and data-proceSSing systems. In committee (SC 5) on "Meteorology" within the Technical that connection the Association endorsed the view of its

Committee on II Air Quality", Members were urged to Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the participate actively in the work of SC 5 to prevent dupli­ WWW that there was a potential to use low-cost PC or cation of effort and the possibility of contradictory workstations to access and use products from the WMCs results. and RSMCs. It urged Members to consider implementa­ 4.2.33 The Commission had underlined the import­ tion of such systems. The Association also recommended ance of collaboration with manufacturers of that Members who were developing such systems should meteorological and hydrological instruments. During exchange their technical specifications with a view to the next CIMO intersessional period, opportunities maintaining some form of compatibility among different would be explored, within the framework of the WMO systems developed. The forthcoming implementation of regulations, to involve manufacturers more deeply in a satellite-based WAFS broadcast was seen as another WMO's work, especially that related to instrumentation important means for NMCs to receive forecast products and training, for the benefit of both Members and from advanced GDPS centres. manufacturers. 4.3.4 The Association emphasized the need for train­ ing and further development in operational weather 4.3 DATA-PROCESSING SYSTEM (agenda item 4.3) forecasting. It recognized the need for Members to 4.3.1 From a survey, the Association noted with upgrade their technical expertise in the applications of appreciation that GDPS centres in the Region continued modern hardware and software in operational systems. It to show considerable improvements in infrastructure agreed that, in addition to the WMO training workshops and analYSis-forecast systems. WMC Melbourne had on use of NWP products and on very short-range predic­ implemented three major operational analysis and tion, training within the Region on the development, forecasting systems (global, regional and tropical) and implementation and maintenance of meteorological the newly introduced limited area tropical model also application systems should be addressed. In that connec­ supported functions of RSMC Darwin. The Association tion the Association noted with appreciation that also noted with appreciation that WMC Melbourne, as Singapore had extended the offer of fellowships for a the deSignated lead centre in the Region for quality software training course on automation of meteoro­ control of land surface observations, had successfully logical operations to countries outside the ASEAN region implemented the quality monitoring programme for under the TCDC programme. the Region and that RSMC Wellington operated a 4.3.5 The Association noted that the structure of the limited area model and a simple programme for GDPS needed to be strengthened with further efforts by calculating air parcel trajectories. GDPS centres towards coordination of the generation 4.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation the and exchange of products with a view to improving progress made in implementation of the ASEAN further their services to Members and to carrying out Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC) in Singapore. comparisons of models' performances. It was noted that, The Centre had started operations in January 1993 and in addition to promoting the active development of ran a 16-level T 63 Global Spectral Model and a Global NWP models and their application, Members needed to Analysis Model (adapted from that of the Japan explore the development of very short-range objective Meteorological Agency OMA)). Other NWP models had forecasting and nowcasting techniques, including the been installed, including a Regional Model (FLM), an possibility of networking automated weather observing ASEAN Model (VFM), an Ocean Wave Model (also systems, such as weather radars. adapted from JMA's) , a Global Ocean Current Model, and 4.3.6 The Association was informed that many a Pollution Dispersion Model. It was noted that the centres planned to implement some form of limited area models would be further developed and improved NWP model, and therefore urged Members to ensure through the jOint efforts of meteorologists from the their GTS network was capable of handling the extra traf­ ASEAN region, who would be seconded to the Centre. fic comprising boundary conditions data generated by a The Association expressed its appreciation to the Japan major centre, which were required to run the model. MeteorolOgical Agency for its continued cooperation and 4.3.7 The Association re-affirmed its support for the assistance and invited other major centres in the Region proposed designation of the GDPS Centre Nadi (Fiji) as a to support the activities of the Centre. The Association RSMC with activity specialization in tropical cyclone supported the ongoing work to develop a project forecasting and warning (see also agenda item 4.8). 8 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

PROVISION OF TRANSPORT MODEL PRODUCTS FOR (RTH) per Region; the Association invited WMC ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE Melbourne to consider its participation in the 4.3.8 The Association was informed of the con­ proj ect as the RTH for RA Vi clusions and recommendations of the International (b) The exchange of routeing catalogues of RTHs on Workshop on Users' Requirements for the Provision of floppy diski AtmospheriC Transport Model Products for Environ­ (c) The storage of messages at GTS centres (RTHs) for a mental Emergency Response, held in Montreal, Quebec, period of 24 hours; Canada from 14 to 17 September 1993. It noted the (el) The new procedure for addressed messages, in" workshop recommendations addressed to WMO on the eluding request-reply messages, facilitating the regional and global arrangements and the proposed automatic routeing of these messages over the GTSi standards for the provision of international services by (e) The requirements for dissemination over the GTS of RSMCs, that would be considered by the relevant CBS climatological products; working groups and CBS-Ext. (94). It also noted the iden­ (f) The introduction of the packet-switching mode of tified action to be taken by designated RSMCs, WMO and operation and of packet-switching equipment, the International Atomic Energy Agency to facilitate considered to be very beneficial for the GTS opera­ provision and use of transport model products for envi­ tion. CBS-X encouraged Members to carry out pilot ronmental emergency response. experiments on the use of the packet-switching 4.3.9 The Association, taking into account the mode. requirements for specialized transport/dispersion model RADIO-FREQUENCY MATTERS products to be made available to Members in the Region in 4.4.2 The Association was informed of the dedsions of case of nuclear acddent or other environmental emergency the World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC-92) and taking into account the dedsion of EC-XLll as recorded regarding frequency bands for meteorolOgical activities. It in paragraphs 3.1.21 and 3.1.22 of the general summary of noted with concern the increasing pressure put on the work of the session, agreed to invite the GDPS centre frequency bands allocated to meteorological activities, and Melbourne to take up regional responsibility as a in particular to the meteorological satellite service. It specialized centre for that activity and to demonstrate its appreCiated the active involvement of WMO in relevant capability to the CBS-Ext. (94) session so that it could be meetings of the International Telecommunications Union considered for designation as an RSMC with activity (ITU), and in particular in the ITU Radiocommunication specialization in the provision of transport model products Sector's (former CCIR and IFRB) studies and coordination for environmental emergency response. activities, and requested the Secretary-General to continue 4.3.10 The quality of the transport model output was putting a high priority on frequency matters. The crucially dependent on the timely availability of obser­ Association strongly urged RA V Members to register with vational data of high horizontal and vertical resolution, their national telecommunication administrations all especially from the region where an emergency had meteorological radio-communication stations and occurred. The reqUirement stated by the four designated frequencies used with a view to: (i) safeguarding frequency RSMCs at the workshop to have free and unrestricted allocation to meteorological services; (ii) obtaining access to up-to-the-minute observational data of global protection against possible harmful interference from other coverage as well as to event-related observational data radio-communication services; and (iii) obtaining new and information was seen as very critical. Furthermore, frequency allocations when new requirements emerge. It the Association recognized in that connection the need also urged RA V Members to contribute, in coordination of WWW centres - with national responsibility to with their national telecommunication administrations, to generate transport model products in case of an relevant ITU Radiocommunication Sector studies, as environmental emergency - to have unrestricted and appropriate, in coordination with the relevant CBS working timely access to all required observations. The group and the WMO Secretariat. Association agreed that those problems needed to be specifically addressed and welcomed the initiative of the REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS president of CBS to bring them to the attention of the NETWORK (RMTN) EC Working Group on Commercialization for further 4.4.3 The Association noted with appreciation that consideration. the important activities carried out by the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW, 4.4 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (agenda item 4.4) and particularly its sub-group on the GTS, as well as the GENERAL efforts of RA V Members had resulted in major progress 4.4.1 The Association noted with interest the follow­ in the implementation and upgrading of the GTS in the ing conclusions and recommendations agreed upon by Region. Six circuits (one MTN circuit, one inter-regional the tenth session of CBS (November 1994), and invited circuit and four regional circuits) were operating with the RA V Member~ to take the relevant implementation X.25 protocol at medium speed (2400 to 9600 bit/s), and action: the upgrading of further circuits was planned for the near (a) The establishment of a database for the catalogue of future. meteorological bulletins, with the expected involve­ 4.4.4 The USA had established a T-l (1.54 mb/sec) ment of one Regional Telecommunication Hub inter-regional circuit between WMC Washington and the GENERAL SUMMARY 9

Honolulu Forecast Office for transmission of GRIB NWP 4.5 DATA MANAGEMENT, INCLUDING REGIONAL data and transmission of high-resolution geostationary CODES (agenda item 4.5) and polar-orbiting satellite data from newly established 4.5.1 The Association noted with appreciation the ground receiving eqUipment in Honolulu. It was planned progress that had been made in WWW Data Manage­ to establish a civilian forecast centre on Guam in 1995; ment. It also noted that new procedures for monitoring and, to improve data dissemination to RA V, to extend and exchanging information on the operational status of inter-regional circuits from Honolulu to Guam as well as WWW centres were now being tested on a global scale to upgrade inter-regional meteorological circuits to aero­ and important changes to the CliMAT code had been nautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN) in introduced in response to reqUirements of the World Micronesia. Climate Programme. It was recognized that improve­ 4.4.5 The Association considered the revised plan for ments in the plan for monitoring data quality and the Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Net­ availability in the WWW system had been implemented work which had been developed by its Working Group and the Association expressed satisfaction that the Guide on Planning and Implementation of the WWW. It agreed on WWW Data Management, approved by CBS-X, had that the new plan would provide a more rational con­ been published in English, French, Russian and Spanish. nectivity between RTHs, RSMCs and NMCs, and The Association recognized that considerable progress therefore would facilitate the collection of observational had been achieved in the development and implementa­ data and the distribution of data and products within the tion of the WMO Distributed Databases concept and Region. It also noted with appreciation that the new expressed its support for the concept and looked forward circuit Melbourne-Noumea was already implemented as to trial implementation to refine reqUirements. a 9600 bitls circuit operating with X.2S and packet­ 4.5.2 The Association noted the difficulty of imple­ switching. The Association endorsed the new plan and menting binary codes on shared AFTN/GTS circuits used also revised the responsibilities of the two RTHs in the in the Region, and also the difficulty of making changes Region (WMC/RTH Melbourne and RTH Wellington) to the character codes. The Association had become accordingly. aware of proposals to evaluate a new, table-driven 4.4.6 The Association agreed upon the necessary flexible data representation form that was both human­ amendments to the Manual on the GTS, Volume II, readable and suitable for use on slow speed circuits, and Regional Aspects, Region V, South-West Pacific, and requested CBS to keep RA V fully informed on the adopted Resolution 3 (XI-RA V). progress of the development work. 4.4.7 The Association also endorsed the implementa­ 4.5.3 CBS, at its extraordinary session in August 1994, tion plan recommended by its Working Group on the would address the implementation of some encoding Planning and Implementation of the WWW for the techniques including a limited application of the take­ further upgrading of the RMTN, as follows: driven flexible code on a trial basis. The Association (a) Conversion of the circuit WMC Melbourne-NMC requested its Working Group on Planning and Imple­ Jakarta into a 9600 bitls digital circuit; mentation of the WWW, and in particular the (b) Implementation of the circuit WMC Melbourne­ Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data Management NMC Singapore as a 4800 bitls digital circuit; and Codes to monitor the experiment. (c) Upgrading of the circuits Singapore-Brunei and 4.5.4 The Association noted the report of the RA V Singapore-Manila to medium speed with X.2Si Rapporteur on Codes, and commended both Mr M . (d) Implementation of the circuits Melbourne-Nadi, .. Longworth (former rapporteur) and Mr B. Bradshaw on Melbourne-Port Vila, Melbourne-Honaria and their contributions. The Association agreed there was an Melbourne-Port Moresby as 2400 bitls circuits. increaSing world-wide demand for additional informa­ The Association referred consideration of the implemen­ tion to meet the needs of various WMO programmes and tation of the circuit Wellington-Papeete as a 2400 bitls changes to international codes reflected that require­ circuit with X.2S back to the Working Group on the ment. RA V Members should endeavour to adhere to Planning and Implementation of the WWW. global and regional coding practices and include all avail­ 4.4.8 The Association noted with concern that there able data in coded messages. Some Members expressed were still many shared, low speed AFTN links in the concern, however, that major sofiwarechanges involved Pacific area. It considered that further improvement of and organizational problems might result in some codes the RMTN in the area could be expected at an affordable changes being carried out after the implementation dates cost from the implementation of multipoint telecom­ proposed by CBS. munication services via satellite (e.g. VSAT techniques) 4.5.5 Ongoing experience in the use of the revised and it requested its Working Group on Planning and aeronautical codes, introduced on 1 July 1993, was Implementation of the WWW, and in particular the sub­ expected to highlight areas where further guidelines group on the GTS in RA V, to study the question further might be required to ensure uniform and unambiguous and to develop proposals. reporting. 4.4.9 The Association noted that CBS would consider 4.5.6 Resolution 4 (XI-RA V) - Modification to the definition and implementation of procedures for the regional regulations of FM 12-IX Ext. SYNOP and FM 13-IX designation of RTHs which should parallel those for the Ext. SHIP - to meet additional rainfall data requirements designation of RSMCs. was adopted. 10 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

4.5.7 Requests for clarification of coding procedures western operational satellite during summer with respect to radiation in SYNOP and SHIP reports Gune) 1995. would be followed up by the WMO Secretariat. A workstation for polar-orbiting satellites was currently operational at Weather Service Forecast Office (WSFO) 4.6 WWW SYSTEM SUPPORT ACTIVITIES (agenda Honolulu. Data, including those from NOAA 11 and 12 item 4.6) satellites, from the workstation were used in satellite 4.6.1 The Association recalled that the objective of the tropical advisories issued by the Central Pacific Hurricane WWW Systems Support Activities (SSA) was to ensure Centre/WSFO in Honolulu. that all Members, particularly developing countries, had 4.7.3 The Association welcomed the decision of at least the minimum necessary_equipment and technical Executive Council to transfer the essential responsibilities know-how to meet national needs and to allow them to of the former EC Working Group on Satellites to a fulfil their agreed responsibilities within the WWW Working Group on Satellites under the auspices of the system. The WWW/SSA included computer projects for Commission for Basic Systems. automating key WWW facilities which were carried out 4.7.4 The Association noted the status report concern­ in close cooperation with the Technical Cooperation ing the conversion of analogue APT/WEFAX to digital Programme. In that connection the Association LRPT/LRIT scheduled to occur at the end of the decade. It welcomed the /I Guidelines for technical cooperation expressed satisfaction at being kept well-informed suffi­ projects providing computer-based systems for the imple­ ciently in advance to allow a smooth transition to digital mentation of the WWW components and facilities" low-resolution satellite image transmissions. The developed by CBS-X and requested that the guidelines be Association requested that it continue to be informed as fully taken into account in the realization of RA V tech­ further developments occurred and that CBS continue its nical cooperation projects. efforts in that area. 4.7.5 The Association expressed its particular WWW OPERATIONAL INFoRMATION SERVICE appreCiation for the support provided to the Region by 4.6.2 The Association noted with appreciation the satellite operators. measures agreed by CBS-X towards the provision of the operational information of WMO Publication No.9, in 4.8 TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME (agenda particular Volume A - Observing Stations - and item 4.8) Volume C - Transmissions (Catalogue of Meteorological 4.8.1 The Association thanked Mr S. C. Ready (New Bulletins) - including the list of stations in the RBSN, on Zealand) for his informative report as chairman of the floppy disks in a form of presentation ensuring easy RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific handling and access to the data on a PC. The Association and South-East Indian Ocean and for his effective invited the Secretariat to proceed with the implementa­ leadership of the committee. It expressed its satisfaction tion of the measures, which would considerably facilitate with the considerable progress made towards the the efficient use of up-to-date operational information implementation of both the regional and general needed at WWW centres to enable them to fully benefit components of the Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), from and contribute to the WWW system. to mitigate the loss of life, human suffering and destruction of property caused by tropical cyclones 4.7 REGIONAL SATELLITE ACTIVITIES (agenda every year in the Region. The Association noted the item 4.7) important role of regional cooperation and coordination 4.7.1 The Association stressed the paramount import­ in that respect. It commended the Members concerned, ance of satellite data for the vast areas in the Region the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee and the inter­ which were sparsely covered by observation stations, and governmental ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee for noted with great regret the unfortunate circumstances their contribution and efforts, particularly towards that had caused the delay in the.scheduled launch of upgrading of the tropical cyclone forecasting and warn­ China's Fung Yun 2 satellite. The Association encouraged ing systems in Region V. China to press forward with its satellite programme and 4.8.2 In recognizing the humanitarian, social and hoped that the delay incurred could be kept as short as economic impact of the TCP and its great potential for possible. substantial contribution to the goals of the International 4.7.2 The USA reported on the status of GOES Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), the satellites: Association noted that there was a great deal more yet to • GOES 8: First GOES NEXT satellite currently at 90oW, be done. It therefore decided to accord very high priority would undergo checkout and then be moved to 75°W to the TCP in connection with the regional priorities in by October 1994, where it would become the eastern the Fourth WMO Long-term Plan (1996-2005). That was operational satellite; viewed as being consistent with the WMO PIal). of Action • GOES 7: Currently at 112°W, would be moved west­ for the IDNDR and the requirements of the Region for ward to 138°W by December 1994, where it would further strengthening of the warning systems and other become the western operational satellite; measures to mitigate disasters caused by tropical cyclones • GOES J: To be launched in April 1995; the satellite and floods. It further decided to re-establish the RA V would be placed at 135°W and should become the Tropical Cyclone Committee by adopting Resolution 5 GENERAL SUMMARY 11

(XI-RA V) and to keep in force its Resolution 10 (X-RA V) Cyclone Workstation) to many countries in the Region. - Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South The Association was very pleased to learn that Australia Pacific and the South-East Indian Ocean. was prepared to maintain the computer software and 4.8.3 In regard to the cooperative arrangements provide updates when necessary. Australia invited feed­ elaborated in the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for back from countries on the experience gained from the the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean, the use of the system, which would be evaluated with a view Association re-affirmed its support for the proposed to improving the ATCW. When funds were available, designation of the tropical cyclone forecasting and warn­ installation and initial user training would be provided ing centre (TCWC) at Nadi, Fiji, as an RSMC with activity on-site by Australian experts. Additional or follow-up specialization in tropical cyclones for the South Pacific training was available through ATCW workshops held in region. It expressed its appreciation to the Government Australia once every two years. of Fiji for its formal agreement to that arrangement and 4.8.9 The Association was pleased to learn of the for the improvement of the facilities and equipment of success of the field experiment phase of the Typhoon the centre. Committee's SPecial operational Experiment .concerning 4.8.4 Concerning the demonstration of RSMC capabil­ Typhoon Recurvature and Unusual Movement (SPEC­ ities by the TCWC Nadi to CBS in accordance with TRUM), and of the follow-up studies using the data sets Recommendation 1 (CBS-IX), Fiji informed the Assodation provided and other data that had been reported on at that preparations were under way for such a demonstration three Technical Conferences on SPECTRUM. It con­ during the extraordinary session of CBS in August 1994. New sidered that such information would also be of interest Zealand offered to assist Fiji in the necessary preparative to non-Typhoon Committee members in the Region and work. The relevant sections of the Tropical Cyclone requested that reports of the Technical Conferences on Operational Plan for the South Pacific and the South-East SPECTRUM be distributed to all Members of Region V Indian Ocean as adopted in Resolution 10 (X-RA V) which were affected by tropical cyclones. contained the operational requirements for the TCWC Nadi. 4.8.10 The Assodation was pleased that the LOME IV With respect to the basic responsibilities attributed to RSMCs Regional Indicative Programme, funded through the by CBS, New Zealand informed the Association that the Mrican,Caribbean-Pacific Group (ACP), was under way GDPS centre Wellington had implemented operational and that the project focused on small island States. It arrangements for providing contingency back-up for the . noted with regret the difficulties encountered in obtain­ TCWC Nadi in cases when the latter was not able to provide ingUNDP support for the regional project on "Reduction therequiredservicesasRSMC. of natural disasters related to tropical cyclones", as, 4.8.5 The Association welcomed the suggestion of the almost parallel with the WMO project initiative, the UN representative of SPREP who recommended the organiza­ Department of Humanitarian Mfairs seemed to move tion of a roving visit of one or two experts to island forward ,with a South-Pacific Disaster Reduction States within the area of responsibility of the TCWC Programme which included only a minor meteorological Nadi, in order to assure active liaison between the centre component. The Association concluded that, in future, and other relevant governmental agencies in those more emphasis needed to be put on coordination countries. between the various agencies and countries concerned. 4.8.6 The Association thanked Australia, New Zealand 4.8.11· The Association recorded its appreciation for the and the USA for providing equipment, staff support and -valuable assistance provided by the UNDP/WMO training to Fiji and appealed to prospective donors to regional projects, the WMO Voluntary Cooperation provide support for upgrading the capabilities of the Programme (VCP) and bilateral donors. It noted the need centre in the interest of the Region. for continued provision of external resources in order for 4.8.7 The Association attached considerable importance a reasonable rate of progress in the implementation of to the training of personnel, particularly tropical cyclone the regionally coordinated technical plans for further forecasters. It requested the continuation during the development of services to be attained. The Association twelfth financial period, on a biennial basis, of the ten­ requested the Secretary-General of WMO to assist in week training courses organized by the USA in cooperation seeking the necessary support from potential sources. with WMO for training tropical cyclone forecasters from around the globe. It welcomed the proposal for training 5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME - REGIONAL southern hemisphere tropical cyclone forecasters in 1994 ASPECTS (agenda item 5) on a two-week course to be provided by Australia and co­ sponsored by WMO. The Association urged WMO to 5.1 WORLD CLIMATE DATA AND MONITORING continue its effort to co-sponsor such courses biennially PROGRAMME (WCDMP) (agenda item 5.1) during the twelfth financial period. The Association also 5.1.1 The Association reviewed the WCDMP activities encouraged the Meteorological Service of New Caledonia carried out since its last session, and expressed, in to offer training and development in different fields, such general, its satisfaction with the progress made in the as cyclone forecasting or observation equipment, to Region under that component of the WCP. The meteorologists from the Region. Association noted with appreciation the report submitted 4.8.8 The Association thanked Australia for the devel­ by the Rapporteur on Climate Data Management, opment and provision of the ATCW (Australian Tropical Mr K. Thulasidas (Singapore). It considered recommenda- 12 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V tions for action proposed by the rapporteur and recorded 5.1.6 The Association emphasized the importance of its decisions, as appropriate, in the subsequent para­ WMO (or WMO-sponsored) publications containing graphs (see also Resolution 6 (XI-RA V) - Working climatological data, such as the planned volume of Group on Climate Matters). climatological standard normals 1961-1990 and the 5.1.2 The establishment of the Climate Change World Weather Records 1981-1990 series. The Detection Project (CCDP) and the initiatives taken to Association invited its Members to make their contribu­ implement the project were noted with appreciation. In tions to those publications as and when requested. It was that connection the Association commended, in particu­ noted with appreciation that the Australian Bureau of lar, the work done by the World Data Centre-A for Meteorology had agreed to act as the RA V regional co­ Meteorology (the National Climatic Data Center of the ordinating centre for the data collection for the World USA) aimed at the production of several components of Weather Records 1981-1990. the Global Baseline Data Sets, including the Global 5.1.7 The Association noted that many of its Members Historical Climate Network (GHCN), the Comprehensive were now equipped with CLICOM systems and .that a Aerological Reference Data Set (CARDS) and the CLICOM expert from Malaysia was assisting with new Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS). installations and follow-up training. It also noted with The Association stressed the need for the careful invest­ satisfaction the successful development of the new igation of the homogeneity of data and for the collection version 3.0 of the CLICOM software, and expressed its of comprehensive sets.of metadata in constructing global thanks to the USA for its decisive contribution to that and regional baseline data sets. achievement. The Association recognized with apprecia­ 5.1.3 The Association welcomed the plans proposed by tion the important contribution by SPREP to .the CCI-XI towards the further development of the Reference development of climate data management systems in the Climatological Stations (RCSs) network, and in particular Region and expressed its willingness to cooperate with that a lead institutlon(s) such as the World Data Centre(s) SPREP in that endeavour. The Association noted the should be identified to organize the work and, eventually, value of the Standard Climatological Normals calcula­ to prepare a Proposlll for international agreement on the tions which had been automated in the new version of RCSs network. The Association urged its Members to co­ the CLICOM software. It was stressed, however, that a operate fully in that aspect of the CCDP. number of difficulties continued to be experienced by 5.1.4 In respect to the Climate System Monitoring Members regarding training, equipment maintenance, project, the Association was pleased to note the publica­ and updating software and hardware. The Association tion of the fourth biennial review of the Global Climate suggested that the provision of necessary assistance to System, covering the period December 1988 to May 1991. upgrade the hardware and software and regular profes­ It was pOinted out that the biennial reviews had gained sional training of technicians serving the systems should wide international and scientific acceptance as a source also be considered when CLICOM systems were installed. of information on the global climate system. The The Association emphasized the importance of establish­ Association noted with satisfaction the contribution of ing an area support centre in the Region and urged some of its Members, in particular that of Australia and Members of RA V and other Regions to seek opportun­ New Zealand, to the products issued by WMO under the ities to provide support for the centre. The Association Climate System Monitoring project, including the also requested the Secretary-General to consider arrang­ monthly climate bulletins, the WMO statement on the ing expert missions to countries in the Region to address status of the global climate in 1993, and the biennial deficiencies in and problems with existing data manage­ reviews of the global climate system. As regards the forth­ ment systems, including CLICOM, as well as to assist coming fifth review of the Global Climate System with the interpretation and use of climate monitoring (mid-1991 to 1993), the Association considered that products. regional aspects should receive more attention, as 5.1.8 The Association noted the development of the compared with the previous reviews. Data Rescue (DARE) projects in Regions I and IV and 5.1.5 The Association noted with satisfaction the considered that a modest DARE centre or projects would development by CBS of procedures for the operational be needed for the Region. The Association requested its distribution and tracking of climate monitoring products Working Group on Climate Matters and the WMO via the GTS and the adoption by the Commission of Secretariat to study the issue further. The Association amendments to the CLiMAT code which would result in a invited Members to consider measures to be undertaken substantial increase of the data content of the CLiMAT at the national level to improve their climate data reports. The Association urged its Members to take all archives. It also urged Members of RA V and in other necessary action to implement the decisions made by Regions to consider support for DARE initiatives in CBS. In that connection, the Association noted that an Region V. experiment was under way to distribute selected climate monitoring products over the GTS to Members in 5.2 WORLD CLIMATE ApPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Regions I and III and requested that the results of the PROGRAMME (WCASP) (agenda item S.2) experiment should be considered by the RA V Working 5.2.1 The Association noted that Eleventh Congress Group on Climate Matters in order to identify ways and had emphasized the service aspect of the World Climate means to apply the results to Region V. Applications Programme and decided to rename the GENERAL SUMMARY 13 programme the World Climate Applications and Services lines for energy use and conservation in urban areas Programme (WCASP). should be prepared, including building codes and regula­ 5.2.2 The Associat.ion noted with appreciation the tions. The Association requested CCI in cooperation activities carried out under the WCASP since its last with other relevant bodies to initiate action in that session. It expressed satisfaction at the successful holding regard. of a number of meetings relating to climate applications 5.2.6 The Association noted the updated information and services, where participation from the Region had provided by Members and the Secretariat on activities of been assured, such as the International Conference on Members of RA V in climate applications and services. Urban Climate, Planning and Building (Kyoto, Japan, Members were encouraged to submit relevant informa­ November 1989), the WMO Technical Conference on tion when requested to help maintain an up-to-date Economic and Social Benefits of Meteorological and database in order to facilitate planning and further devel­ Hydrological Services (Geneva, March 1990), the RA 11/ opment of climate applications and services. Members RA V Training Seminar on the Presentation and Use of were also encouraged to further develop their climate Meteorological Data for Solar and Wind Energy application services, paying due attention to specialized (Kathmandu, Nepal, March 1991) and the WMO Tech­ training and promotion of increased interaction between nical Conference on Tropical Urban Climates (TeCTUC) users and producers of climate information and products. (Dhaka, Bangladesh, March-April 1993). 5.2.7 The Association urged Members to strengthen 5.2.3 The Association noted the progress made in national and regional capacities for carrying out climate developing the Tropical Urban Climate Experiment application studies and development of climate and (TRUCE). In that connection, the close relation between climate change impact assessment methodologies the methods used in climate applications and those used through regional cooperation, exchange of relevant in impact studies was emphasized as well as the relation information and regional training seminars. of TRUCE to both climate change and the activities under the International Decade for Natural Disaster 5.3 WORLD CLIMATE IMPACT AssESSMENT AND Reduction (IDNDR). The Association urged Members to RESPONSE STRATEGIES PROGRAMME (WCIRP) (agenda item 5.3) establish, as appropriate, local/national committees to coordinate TRUCE-related activities, preferably in align­ The Association noted with appreciation the ment with national climate programmes. information provided by the United Nations 5.2.4 The Association noted the plans for the further Environment Programme (UNEP) on the status of imple­ development of CLICOM-compatible special applications mentation of the WCIRP and on the future direction of and urged Members to contribute to that development. the programme. The Association recognized the import­ CLICOM was a major vehicle for the development of ance of the long-standing cooperation of WMO in the climate applications and had been aided by close co­ implementation of the WCP and other climate- and operation between the WCDMP and WCASP as well as environment-related activities and expressed the hope other WMO programmes. Most CLICOM installations that continuing support by UNEP to the WMO pro­ had access to the INSTAT package which provided oppor­ grammes would be ensured. tunities for implementing a wide range of applications based on statistical products. The Association noted the 5.4 WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME progress made in the development of a rational routine (WCRP) (agenda item 5.4) for updating and disseminating CARS and emphasized 5.4.1 The Association noted the information provided the urgent need to update existing CARS in the areas of on the on-going and planned activities for the imple­ energy, food and desertification as well as the need to mentation of the various projects under the WCRP and expand the CARS into other areas. In that connection expressed its satisfaction with the progress made by the the close coordination of the WCP-Food component and Programme. It requested its Members to continue their the Agricultural Meteorology Programme was noted as active support to the Programme. The Association was well as the coordination of the WCP-Water component pleased to note that the Intergovernmental Oceano­ with activities under the Hydrology and Water Resources graphic Commission (lOC) had become a full partner of Programme. WMO and the International Council of Scientific Unions 5.2.5 The Association noted the progress made in the (ICSU) in the implementation of the WCRP, thus development of systematic methods for applying climate enabling the Programme to benefit fully from the various information and know-how in the energy sector. The IOC initiatives and support. methods developed and tested under the UNDP 5.4.2 In respect of the Tropical Ocean/Global European inter-country project "Meteorological informa­ Atmosphere (TOGA) programme, the Association was tion for development of renewable energy" should find pleased to learn that the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere general applicability in many Member countries also in Response Experiment had been completed and that its Region V. In particular the methods used for assessment objectives had been met to a very large extent. The of potential solar- and Wind-energy resources and the Association expressed appreciation to those Members systems used for implementing them as CLICOM­ which had supported the field operation of that major compatible special application components were noted. international study of atmospheriC and ocean processes The Association considered that climate-related gUide- over the warmest region of the world ocean. 14 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

5.4.3 The Association was pleased to learn that several 5.4.7 In respect of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Members had expressed interest in the development of Experiment (GEWEX), the Association urged Members to an International Research Institute for Climate Prediction support the GEWEX Global Precipitation Climatology (IRICP). It noted that the Institute would exploit the Project and to assist the Global Precipitation Climatology scientific findings of the TOGA programme to develop Centre, Offenbach, Germany, in its efforts to collect rain­ seasonal to inter-annual climate predictions including, gauge data world-wide and to produce area-averaged especially, forecasts of El Nino events and would develop monthly precipitation estimates over the continents for its cooperation with related national and regional activ­ the period from 1986 to 1995. ities. The Association welcomed the steps taken by the 5.4.8 The Association recognized the importance of WCRP towards the development of an IRICP and urged the WCRP International Programme for Antarctic Buoys its Members to consider the establishment of application and the WCRP Antarctic Ice Thickness Monitoring centres for interpretation and application of such predic­ Project. It urged Members to assist in providing and/or tions to national economies. The Association noted with deploying ice-resistant drifting buoys andlor upward­ appreciation that the USA had taken the first steps looking sonar moorings in the Antarctic Seasonal Sea-Ice towards establishing ENSO application centres based in Zone, in order to define better meteorological and sea-ice Guam (at the University of Guam) and in Hawaii (at the conditions and to understand large-scale air/sea­ University of Hawaii) and that SPREP was also supportive ice/ocean interactions in the Antarctic. of the establishment of the centres. 5.4.4 The Association was informed of the commit­ 5.5 GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS) ments already received to continue the operation of several (agenda item 5.5) TOGA Data Centres beyond 1994. It warmly welcomed 5.5.1 The Association noted with appreciation a those commitments and encouraged Members to continue progress report on the status of the GCOS which had their contribution to the existing TOGA observing systems, been established by a Memorandum of Understanding data management and modelling activities after 1994 in (MOU) among WMO, 10C of UNESCO, UNEp, and ICSU. order to consolidate the progress already made and to The MOU provided guidance for GCOS and a manage­ enable further progress to be made in the prediction of ment structure including a joint Scientific and Technical ENSO events. In that connection the Association was Committee OSTC) and the joint Planning Office. The pleased to be informed that several Members, including Association noted the GCOS priorities that had been Australia and USA, intended to make every effort to developed during the first two sessions of the jSTC. continue TOGA-related observational and research 5.5.2 The Association noted that a draft plan had activities. The Association requested that the TOGA data be been prepared and distributed at the Intergovernmental disseminated to Members for their own studies. Meeting on the World Climate Programme (IGM-WCP) 5.4.5 The Association was informed of the proposal of in April 1993. The plan addressed the comprehensive the WCRP to undertake a new internationally co­ needs for observations from the atmosphere, oceans, and ordinated research programme on Climate Variability land, and made specific recommendations with respect and Predictability (CLIVAR), to follow on TOGA in 1995 to requirements for the Initial Operational System (lOS). and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) at The Association noted that the plan had been revised by a later time. It noted that the goal of CLIVAR was to thejSTC-IIl session in November 1993 and that the determine the variability and predictability of the phys­ GCOS plan would be a key element of the integrated ical climate system on time scales of seasons to a century, proposal called for by the IGM-WCP. to study climate variations due to natural or anthro­ 5.5.3 The Association also noted the recommendation pogenic causes and to provide a scientific basis for that the Initial Operational System to be established practical climate predi.ctions. The Association recognized within GCOS should include currently operational the value of that initiative and agreed that CLIVAR would systems, necessary enhancements to such systems which be a natural follow-on to TOGA and the World Ocean could be recommended now, and a comprehensive data Circulation Experiment. In that regard, the Association management system (see also paragraph 4.2.19). recalled its Resolution 12 (X-RA V) containing the 5.5.4 The Association recognized that the third summary statement on climate change in the South-West session of the jSTC had established several disciplinary Pacific and recommended its Members to develop corres­ oriented panels and cross-cutting task groups to develop ponding national programmes that could contribute to and implement the programme: the Atmospheric CLIVAR. Observation Panel and the Task Groups for Data Manage­ 5.4.6 The Association noted with pleasure the ment and Space-based Observations. The Association progress in the WOCE observation and modelling supported the broad-based activity to develop the GCOS programmes. It urged Members to continue their active plan, and urged Members to partiCipate fully in the participation in the implementation of the experiment, development and implementation of GCOS. that aimed to develop full depth global ocean models of 5.5.5 As a result of the recommendations of the forty­ the kind that could be coupled to the other components fifth session of the Executive Council, the Association of the physical climate system in order to simulate nat­ agreed to consider and to initiate appropriate arrange­ ural climate variability and predict climate change that ments for coordinating the implementation of GCOS could result from anthropogenic causes. at the regional level. In particular, the Association GENERAL SUMMARY 15 recommended that a rapporteur be named to provide national climate coordination bodies. The Association liaison between RA V and the GCOS Joint Planning urged Members to develop their national climate-related Office and the JSTC (see Resolution 6 (XI-RA V). In addi­ activities in support of sustainable development in tion, the Association expressed its willingness to work in particular their efforts in the development and applica­ concert with regional bodies of IOC and UNEP to further tion of climate predictions on seasonal to inter-annual the objectives of GCOS. time scales. The Association requested WMO to continue to assist Members, especially developing countries, in 5.6 WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME COORDINATION that endeavour. ACTIVITIES (agenda item 5.6) 5.6;4 The Association noted the Executive Council's 5.6.1 The Association was informed of a number of decision on the preparation of an integrated proposal important developments and events related to climate that would be presented to governments in 1995 on the and climate change issues and the overall coordination climate-related parts of the respective programmes of the of the World Climate Programme which had taken place international organizations concerned with the WCP, since X-RA V (Singapore, 1989), in particular: along the lines of the four identified new thrusts. The (a) Activities of the Intergovernmental Panel on Association recognized the essential leadership role that Climate Change (IPCC) established by WMO and WMO must play in the preparation of the integrated UNEP at the end of 1988; proposal and expressed its support for WMO's action in (b) The Second World Climate Conference (1990); that regard. (c) Decisions made by Cg-XI (1991); S.6.S In view of the immense importance of skilful (d) The United Nations Conference on Environment prediction for the socio-economic activities of Members, and Development (UNCED) (Rio de Janeiro, June the Association wished to emphasize the need for the 1992) and decisions made by EC-XLIV on the provision through Members' national Meteorological follow-up of UNCED; and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of climate prediction (e) Negotiation and signing by most WMO Members of products currently available from, and/or to be devel­ the United Nations Framework Convention on oped by major climate modelling centres. Climate Change (FCC C) during the UNCED; 5.6.6 The Association noted the increasing import­ (f) Establishment by the UN General Assembly of the ance attached by governments and the general public in Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD); the Region to the climate and climate change issue and (g) The Intergovernmental Meeting on the World recognized the need to expand the Association's activities Climate Programme (Geneva, 14-16 April 1993); on climate-related matters. The Association therefore (h) Decisions made by EC-XLV (June 1993). decided to establish a Working Group on Climate 5.6.2 The Association noted that the Intergovern­ Matters. Resolution 6 (XI-RA V) was adopted. mental Meeting on the World Climate Programme had emphasized the importance of the WCP and its associ­ 6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT ated activities continuing to make an effective contribu­ PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda tion to the implementation of Agenda 21, adopted by item 6) UNCED, and to the work of the CSD, the Intergovern­ mental Negotiating Committee (in future the Conference 6.1 GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH (GAW) (agenda of the Parties) for the FCCC, and IPCC, as well as to the item 6.1) socio-economic development of nations. The Association 6.1.1 The Association expressed satisfaction with noted that the WMO Executive Council approved the developments concerning the establishment of a GAW four main thrusts of the WCP and its associated activities global station in Indonesia and encouraged its rapid recommended by the IGM-WCP, namely: implementation. The Association also encouraged "twin­ (a) Climate services for sustainable development; ning" of the station as it had become clear that the (b) New frontiers in climate science and prediction; involvement of partners from developed countries would (c) Dedicated observations of the climate system; be required throughout the setting up stages and the (d) Studies of climate impact assessments and response early years of operation to ensure the success of the strategies to reduce vulnerability. station. 5.6.3 The Association further noted that the Inter­ 6.1.2 The Association commended its Members which governmental Meeting's recommendations concerning supported GAW, in particular Australia for operating the the need for strengthening national climate activities, in Cape Grim station in an exemplary manner. particular through the establishment of national climate 6.1.3 The Association noted the report of its programmes, had been endorsed by the WMO Executive Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone and expressed appre­ Council. Such national climate activities represented the ciation for the efficient manner in which the fundamental building blocks for the WCP, without information concerning regional ozone activities had which the IPCC and the Intergovernmental Negotiating been presented. In particular, the Association, as recom­ Committee for the FCCC could not have undertaken mended by the Executive Council, strongly encouraged their respective roles. The Association recalled that, for a Members: to re-evaluate all past ozone data records; to number of years, WMO hlld been promoting the estab­ strive to increase the number of stations making ozone lishment of national climate programmes and respective soundings in the data-sparse areas of the tropical and 16 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V sub-polar part of the Region and to view such action as a 7.1.2 The Association agreed with the three broad long-term commitment; to meet or exceed the recom­ projects that had been identified by CBS-Ext. (90) and mended minimum observation frequency of soundings; approved by Congress namely: formulation and content to conduct investigations to characterize better and over­ of forecasts and warnings; presentation and dissemina­ come errors in respective ozone sounding systems; and to tion techniques, public understanding, public informa­ continue data analysis investigations, both with regard to tion and education; and exchange and coordination of trend analysis and system error characterizations. The hazardous weather information among neighbouring Association subsequently re-appointed the Rapporteur on countries. The Association noted several important Atmospheric Ozone (see Resolution 7 (XI-RA V)). aspects of the programme which should be taken into 6.1.4 The Association was informed of WMO plans for account in its further development and implementation, calibration of spectral photometers within RA V in 1995. including: (a) The effect of social and cultural differences between 6.2 WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH PROGRAMMES (agenda item 6.2) countries and Regions; (b) The differences in capabilities and available facilities The Association noted with satisfaction the from country to country; active contributions of Members to the implementation (c) The need for a broader perspective of what was of the Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather meant by Public Weather Services and what they Prediction Research Programmes by participating in could provide (e.g. the Canadian experience of WMO meetings and workshops and contributing to the providing information in the form of an ultraviolet annual NWP progress report. The Association encouraged radiation index); the continuous support from Members to the Weather (d) The crucial importance of public education on the Prediction Research Programmes. understanding and use of PWS and the scope for 6.3 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY RESEARCH relevant information exchange between Members; PROGRAMME (agenda item 6.3) (e) Assessments of the impact of PWS on personal 6.3.1 The Association expressed its satisfaction with injury and safety of life and economic benefits, even the active contributions of Members to the implementa­ though difficult to do accurately. tion of the Tropical Meteorology Research Programme, 7.1.3 It was the view of Members that standardizing especially their leading role in the ICSU/WMO demon­ the various PWS activities was an objective of lesser stration project "Tropical Cyclone Disasters" for IDNDR. importance because conditions, needs and dissemination 6.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation the of PWS information differed widely from country to continuing efforts made by the Activity Centre for the country. Special emphasis was, however, put on the Commission for AtmosphericSciences Long-term exchange of experience and of information between Asian/African Monsoon Studies (Project M2) at Kuala Members on how other Services meet their obligations Lumpur in data assembling and other research activities. vis-a-vis the general public. In that connection the information from Malaysia concerning the plans of the 6.4 PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF CLOUDS AND WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH Meteorological Service to provide certain end users with PROGRAMME (agenda item 6.4) weather radar terminals was received with interest. 7.1.4 The Association noted that global television The Association encouraged future action under networks were spreading rapidly into many countries in the programme and the exchange of scientific and tech­ all parts of the world. Those networks, in broadcasting nical information. weather information in a broad-brush form that might nevertheless be superficially attractive to some members 7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY of the general public, posed a challenge to NMHSs to PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda provide better services and to demonstrate to their item 7) governments that there was an increasing need for and 7.1 PuBLIC WEATHER SERVICES PROGRAMME socio-economic benefit to be gained from maintaining (agenda item 7.1) and strengthening the NMHSs. 7.1.1 The Association reviewed the Public Weather 7.1.5. The Association considered that within the above­ Services (PWS) Programme activities and fully agreed that mentioned projects, emphasis should be placed on the one of the most important obligations of national exchange and coordination of severe weather warnings. Meteorological Services was the provision of services to Furthermore, validation and verification techniques should the general public. It was through those services that the be incorporated into the projects, where appropriate, to national Services were most visible and were judged not track the progress achieved and to demonstrate to only by the general public but also by national decision­ governments the increase in skill that was expected. Also, making authorities. There was also recognition that, promotional efforts should be considered within the while the major input to PWS came from the basic programme to assist Members establish a dialogue with end systems, the PWS had applications to a wide range of users with a view to understanding fully their requirements economic and social activities which would call for and developing the ability to generate tailored products, as coordination and consultation between the PWS well as raising the level of appreciation of the end users of Programme and other programmes of WMO. the meteorological services offered. GENERAL SUMMARY 17

7.1.6. The Association was informed that several 7.2.4 The Association noted the WMO activities relat­ experts had been enlisted to develop further the projects ing to desertification and urged Members to participate listed in paragraph 7.1.2 above and to make proposals for in the implementation of the Convention on a Guide on Public Weather Services Practices. A meeting Desertification. It also noted that the Secretary-General of experts was held in March 1994 to consider the had provided appropriate guidelines to Members in that projects developed by the experts and to synthesize the regard. The Association further urged Members to individual projects into a proposed programme plan. The consider desertification as fifth priority focal area under experts, inter alia, developed a section on the PWS Global Environment Facility (GEF) and benefit from GEF programme for inclusion in the Fourth Long-term Plan support. and proposed that CBS establish a Working Group on 7.2.5 The session of the RA V Working Group on PWS. The Association was also informed that, at least Agricultural Meteorology had been held in the until CBS-XI (1996), the further work on the programme Philippines in March 1993. The Association expressed was likely to be continued by a group of experts volun­ appreciation of the comprehensive report submitted by teered by interested Members, supported by the the chairman and strongly supported its recommenda­ Secretariat and coordinated by a member of the CBS tions. The themes proposed by the group for study at AdVisory Working Group. There was also a plan to national, regional and international levels (see Annex I) involve actively the regional Working Groups on were approved and the Association urged Members to Planning and Implementation of the WWW. implement the projects, especially those earmarked as 7.1.7. The Association welcomed very much the high­ high-priority areas at the national level. Following the priority plan to develop a Guide on PWS, but, at the same recommendations of CAgM and those of the Working time, voiced concern that that would probably take several Group on Agricultural Meteorology, and taking into years to complete. The Association, therefore, requested account the activities of importance to the Region, the that highest priority be given to producing, as soon as Association established a Working Group on Agricultural possible, at least partial or preliminary guidance material Meteorology with renewed terms of reference (see (possibly as a WWW Technical Document in English only). Resolution 8 (XI-RA V». The Association also pointed to the fact that the theme for the World Meteorological Day 1995 was Public Weather 7.3 AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME Services and expressed the hope that useful material (agenda item 7.3) would already become available by that time. 7.3.1 The Association welcomed the emphasis put by Eleventh Congress on the importance of an expanded 7.2. AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME and vigorous Aeronautical Meteorology Programme in (agenda item 7.2) view of the expected world-wide doubling of air transport 7.2.1 The Association complimented the Secretary­ by the year 2000. It endorsed the call by Congress to all General and the Commission for Agricultural Meteoro­ Members to actively support the iniplementation of the logy (CAgM) on the progress made in the field of programme. agricultural meteorology, including the publication of a 7.3.2 The Association noted the information provided large number of technical notes and CAgM reports. In on the status of implementation of the World Area particular, it placed on record its appreciation for the Forecast System (WAFS) in Region V and complimented publication of additional chapters of the Guide to Agricul­ the two WAFS centres on their efforts to find solutions to tural Meteorological Practices. the computer generation of forecast significant weather 7.2.2 The intersessional activities of the Commission and the implementation of a satellite-based dissemina­ for Agricultural Meteorology were noted with interest tion system which were the two important elements for and it was agreed that they would contribute greatly to the transition to the final phase of the WAFS. The session economic development, especially that of developing noted the agreement reached by Australia and New countries. The Association further noted that the Zealand on the transfer of the forecasting function of eleventh session of CAgM would be held early in 1995 Wellington to Melbourne and stressed the need to ensure and urged Members to send delegations to the session. that all necessary measures were taken to provide The Advisory Working Group of CAgM was compli­ required services to WMO Members in the Wellington mented for proposing the theme "Operational area. The Association expressed appreciation for the agrometeorology for sustainable, environmentally development by the USA of a personal computer-based friendly and economically viable agricultural produc­ data display and diagnostic system, called PC-GRIDDS, tion" as the focus of activities during the Commission's able to meet the needs for real-time display of gridded next intersessional period. fields as well as to permit rapid contouring and plotting 7.2.3 The Association noted with satisfaction the of those fields using any DOS-based computer system. training events held in the Region and strongly 7.3.3 The Association expressed satisfaction with the supported the continued organization of such events, for ever increasing number of automated air reports being the benefit of participants from the Region. It agreed that provided through both VHF data links and Aircraft-to­ training in agricultural meteorology should receive high­ Satellite Data Relay (ASDAR) units. The session was priority consideration for the meaningful application of informed that the inclusion of those accurate and timely meteorological information to agricultural activities. air reports in numerical aviation forecast models 18 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V improved the forecast position of jet streams, wind veloc­ pay NMHSs for meteorological services once they were in ity and lateral wind-shears which were important for a position to receive the WAFS data independently. flight planning. The Association noted that data 7.3.8 The Association expressed its preference for provided by the systems comprised not only en route arrangements under which the WAFS broadcast were meteorological data but also data collected during received only by authorized users who would obtain ascent/descent phases. The Association endorsed the authorization from the "Meteorological Authority" desig­ Executive Council's view that the use of such extensive nated to ICAO by the country concerned. To that end, data would be of immense benefit to the aeronautical the Association discussed the guidelines for authorization meteorology community and to the aviation industry. of access to satellite broadcasts of WAFS data and prod­ 1.3.4 AIREP bulletins were sometimes lost in the ucts that were being developed by ICAO in consultation communication process because of improper addressing with WMO, and agreed on a proposed framework for or improper coding of data. The Association requested developing guidelines as given in the annex to this para­ that each country perform quality control to assure graph (Annex II). proper coding and addressing as well as correct identifica­ 1.3.9 The Association re-affirmed the importance of tion of aviation waypoints that were occasionally used in training in aeronautical meteorology and noted with lieu of latitude/longitude locations. pleasure that Eleventh Congress had requested that high 7.3.5 The USA informed the Association that humid­ priority continue to be given to training by Members and ity data would be added to AI REP data over the Pacific by WMO. The Association noted with satisfaction that, and other areas. The US Federal Aviation Administration since its last session, a number of important global and was funding a project to investigate the feasibility of regional training events had been held with active measuring water vapour on commercial aircraft. The participation of countries of Region V. The events initial phase of the project would include deployment of included the American Meteorological SOCiety (AMS) humidity sensors on six aircraft. If successful, the number Fourth and Fifth International Conferences on Aviation of aircraft equipped with humidity sensors would expand Weather Systems in 1991 and 1993, the WMO Technical to 160. The data would be collected through ACARS and Conference on Tropical Aeronautical Meteorology would be input to global numerical forecast models. The (TECTAM-92) in 1992 and the WMO/USA Training increase in data should benefit all aviation users. Seminar on Aeronautical Meteorology with Special 7.3.6 The Association noted that the recent ICAO Emphasis on Radar Meteorology. ASIA/PAC Regional Air Navigation (RAN) Meeting 7.3.10 The Association welcomed the proposal by the (April 1993) had recommended that WAFS data dissemi­ recent ICAO ASIA/PAC RAN Meeting for a Seminar on nation for the Region be accomplished by satellite the Implementation of Satellite Broadcast in Region V to broadcast and welcomed the offer by the USA to uplink be held before the planned implementation date of early WAFS data to a suitable satellite over the Pacific region by 1996. Volcanic ash was one of the major safety hazards early 1996. It further welcomed the proposal by the confronting aircraft operations within RA II and RA V. A USA to disseminate by satellite GRIB coded data, meteoro­ WMO-sponsored workshop on satellite detection of logical data as well as alphanumeric and graphical data. volcanic ash had been held in Darwin in early 1993. The The Association reaffirmed the importance of the need for additional workshops of that nature was con­ WMO/ICAO study on the possible joint utilization of sidered at the same ICAO meeting, which recommended satellite-based distribution systems to meet both GTS that WMO arrange, with the cooperation of ICAO, a and WAFS data distribution reqUirements and expressed seminar/workshop concerning the detection/monitoring pleasure for the implementation of such a pilot project of volcanic ash from satellite data and the forecasting/ in Region IV. The Association considered that, if results display of volcanic ash trajectories using atmospheric of the pilot project showed merit for a combined pollution trajectory models. The Association also WMO/ICAO satellite distribution system, steps should be welcomed that recommendation and requested the taken to implement such a system also in Region V. Such Secretary-General to take action as appropriate. steps should also take into account the need to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts, facilities and costs to 7.4 MARINE METEOROLOGY AND ASSOCIATED Members. OCEANOGRAPHIC ACTMTIES PROGRAMME (agenda item 7.4) 7.3.7 The Association noted that the implementation of a satellite-based broadcast in replacement of 7.4.1 The Association noted with interest that GTS/AFTN links for the dissemination of the WAFS data Eleventh Congress had approved the Marine could allow widespread access to the data once ground Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities receiving stations had been installed. Therefore, there Programme as part of the Third WMO Long-term Plan was strong concern among some Members that WAFS (TLTP). The plan provided overall objectives as well as data received by private sector firms or airlines might detailed guidelines for Members, regional associations give rise to competition with the NMHSs .. Some Members and WMO in the field of marine meteorology and associ­ expressed concern about the ramifications for the ated oceanographic activities for the coming decade. In producers of value-added information being broadcast, the context of the TLTP, Cg-XI had also given more unless access to the broadcast and rights of redistribution specific policy guidance for the marine meteorology were controlled. Also, airlines might question the need to programme for the period 1992-1995 and, in particular, GENERAL SUMMARY 19 had stressed the high priority that should be given to the MARINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOR DATA COLLECTION continued development of marine meteorological 7.4.4 The Association noted that, in addition to and services to meet the requirements of users during that because of its application for the dissemination of period. Maritime Safety Information (MSI) to shipping under the 7.4.2 With regard to the implementation of marine GMDSS, the INMARSAT system, in particular the meteorological services specifically in Region V, the INMARSAT-C facility, was rapidly becoming a major Association noted with appreCiation the report of medium for the transmission to shore of ships' meteoro­ the Rapporteur on Marine Meteorological Services, logical and oceanographic reports~ In 1993, already more Mr Koo Hock Chong (Singapore). The Association noted, than 40 per cent of the Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) in particular, the survey conducted by the rapporteur were equipped with INMARSAT-A or INMARSAT-C facil­ which had resulted in a very useful tabular summary of ities and that number would certainly increase to more the marine meteorolOgical and oceanographic services in than 80 per cent with INMARSAT-C by the year 2000. the Region. The summary is given in the annex to this The Association noted with appreciation the project now paragraph (Annex III). Action taken on various points under way, supported by the Netherlands and the WMO raised in the report are recorded in subsequent para­ Secretariat, to disseminate to all VOS equipped with graphs. The Association agreed that the implementation INMARSAT-C a small software package for the encoding of marine meteorological services in certain parts of the and transmission of ships' meteorological reports Region could be further improved. At the same time, it through INMARSAT-C, which would lead to substantial recognized the need to participate in the new CMM savings in the costs of collecting such reports to the Working Group on Education, Training and Imple­ national Meteorological Services concerned. mentation Support. It therefore decided to re-appoint a 7.4.5 In the light of these developments, the Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services Association agreed that the INMARSAT system was likely and adopted Resolution 9 (XI-RA V). to become, within the next decade, the major and most cost-effective and efficient means for the collection of GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM (GMDSS) meteorolOgical and oceanographic reports from ships at 7.4.3 The Association noted with interest that the sea. The Association noted with appreciation that two of new WMO system for the preparation and dissemination its Members operating Coastal Earth Stations (CES) of meteorological forecasts and warnings for the high (Australia and Singapore) already had arrangements to seas, within the context of the Global Maritime Distress accept such reports, free of charge to the ships. In addi­ and Safety System of the International Maritime Organ­ tion it: ization, had been approved by the President of WMO for (a) Urged Members operating VOS to make every effort provisional implementation as from 1 February 1992. By to distribute the new INMARSAT-C software package mid-1993 a basic level of broadcast coverage, through the to their ships, to ensure the efficient and cost­ INMARSAT SafetyNET Service, of the majority of the effective compilation and transmission of reports; sixteen METAREAS defined under the new system had (b) Urged Members receiving reports through been assured, including in particular the five areas cover­ INMARSAT to ensure their prompt insertion onto ing RA V. While agreeing that the new system provided the GTS, so that those Members most interested in an excellent basis for the prOVision of high-quality the data could receive them as quickly as possible; meteorological services for shipping into the 21st (c) Urged Members requiring VOS data to ensure that century, the Association nevertheless considered that they had requested receipt of relevant bulletins via there might remain certain questions to be resolved the GTS. within RA V. The Association emphasized that more Resolution 10 (XI-RA V) on this subject was adopted. coordination was needed and, therefore, instructed its Rapporteur on Regional Marine MeteorolOgical Services METEOROLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR MARINE POLLUTION to liaise closely with the Members concerned, as well as EMERGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS ON THE HIGH SEAS with the CMM Working Group on Marine Meteoro­ 7.4.6 The Association noted with interest that a global logical Services and the RA V Working Group on WMO system for the provision of meteorolOgical support Planning and Implementation of the WWW, to ensure for marine pollution emergency response operations on that those questions were fully resolved during the the high seas had been prepared, in response to a transition period for the GMDSS, 1 February 1992 to proposal made by CMM-X, and had subsequently been 1 February 1999. The Association expressed its apprecia­ adopted for implementation on a trial basis by CMM-XI. tion to its Members which had accepted responsibilities The new system, which was based partially on the as Preparation or Issuing Services under the new system. GMDSS system noted under paragraph 7.4.3, involved a At the same time, it noted that that system of respons­ small set of national MeteorolOgical Services specifically ibilities defined a minimum level of service required to deSignated to work in close cooperation with those ensure global coverage. Any other Member which wished national or international bodies responsible for high seas to provide broadcasts through INMARSAT SafetyNET for marine pollution emergency response operations, in national purposes might do so, provided only that it was particular in the provision of meteorological services formally registered for that purpose with IMO, through required to support those operations. The Association the WMO Secretariat. noted further that four Members of RA V had deSignated 20 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V responsibilities under the system. The Association agreed on the GTS. It commended the panel for the new real­ that marine pollution emergencies could be a major time buoy data quality-control procedures which had potential problem in parts of RA V, and that a coordin­ recently been implemented, as well as for its support for ated system for meteorological support, such as the one the development of a new low-cost pressure drifter. The recently developed, had an important role to play in any Association strongly urged as many of its Members as response operations taken by relevant authorities. It possible to become involved in buoy programmes and to therefore supported the proposed system and urged contribute to the work of the panel and to support its Members concerned to make every effort to develop and technical coordinator. improve their communications with the relevant EDUCATION AND TRAINING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT response authorities, and to provide the necessary 7.4.11 The Association noted with interest the status of services as specified under the system. A tabular plans towards the implementation of a post-graduate summary on the meteorological support for marine diploma course in marine meteorology and physical pollution emergency response operations in the Region is oceanography at Regional Meteorological Training Centre given in the annex to this paragraph (Annex IV). Nairobi. Such long-term training would be of great value

MARINE OBSERVING SYSTEMS to many Members also of RA V in the further implemen­ tation of marine meteorological services and was directly 7.4.7 The Association noted that Cg-XI had agreed relevant to the implementation of UNCED Agenda 21. It that WMO should cooperate closely with IOC in the agreed that specialized training courses of that type were development of a comprehensive Global Ocean essential if Members were to have the skilled manpower Observing System (GOOS), involving physical, chemical necessary for the further development of marine meteoro­ and biological ocean variables, in particular in the logy and oceanographic services. It therefore urged that context of ocean services and ocean data for operational consideration be given to the inclusion of some students meteorology and global climate studies. Subsequently, from RA V in the Nairobi course, once established, and the Executive Council had accepted the invitation of IOC also to the possible future development of a similar course for WMO to become a full co-sponsor of all aspects of within RA V. Furthermore, the Association welcomed very GOOS development and implementation. The GOOS much the offer of Australia to organize training courses would be expected to provide the ocean component of on marine meteorology at "post-graduate" level of two- to the Global Climate Observing System, and would be three-weeks duration starting in 1995. built largely on existing ocean observing components 7.4.12. The Association noted with appreciation that such as the VOS, the Integrated Global Ocean Services Cg-XI had approved a proposal for an international semi­ System (IGOSS) and drifting buoy programmes. nar/workshop for PMOs, and that such an event had 7.4.8 The Association agreed that the GOOS concept taken place in September 1993, at IMO in London. was an important development, which should help to Participation included a number of PMOs from Members improve the availability of essential marine meteoro­ ofRA V. logical and oceanographic data in support of operational 7.4.13 The Association also noted with appreciation meteorology, ocean services and global climate studies. It the continuing support provided to Members in the encouraged Members to make every effort to contribute Region for the implementation and development of their to GOOS development, at the same time urging that that marine meteorological services. In particular, it noted development should take place as much as possible with approval the preparation and submission for fund­ through strengthening the VOS system (including the ing of a project proposal for the coordinated develop­ Port Meteorological Officer (PMO) network), the drifting ment of marine observing systems, communications and buoy network and IGOSS. services in the South-East Asian region. The proposal 1.4.9 With regard to the VOS, the Association noted included five Members of RA V. The Association further with interest the results of the VOS Special Observing urged Members to make as much use as possible of exist­ Project North Atlantic (VSOP-NA), which clearly demon­ ing support mechanisms, such as the VCP, in order to strated the value of ships' meteorological and expand their marine programmes for the benefit of all oceanographic observations in the computation of air­ users. sea fluxes for climate study purposes, and at the same time generated recommendations for improvements in INTEGRATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM (IGOSS) shipboard instrumentation and observing practices 7.4.14 The Association noted with satisfaction the which would further enhance the quality and value of substantial advances made in the IGOSS programme such observations. The Association urged its Members to during the past inter sessional period, including the estab­ make every effort to implement those recommendations, lishment of the Global Temperature/Salinity Pilot Projectj as well as to recruit additional VOS, in view of the improved monitoring of IGOSS data flow and associated considerable value of VOS reports to climate studies as follow-up actionj the work of the Task Team on Quality well as to operational meteorology. Control; the initiation of an IGOSS Products Bulletinj 7.4.10 The Association was pleased to note the contin­ and the continuing success of the IGOSS Sea Level uing success of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel, in Project in the Pacific. It expressed its appreciation to all particular working through its technical coordinator, in Members contributing to IGOSS, which was recognized further enhancing the quality and quantity of buoy data as a primary mechanism for implementation of opera- GENERAL SUMMARY 21 tional elements of GOOS, as well as for the collection Programme (HWRP), as adopted by Cg-XI; (iii) the and management of the sub-surface ocean data required projects identified by CHy for implementation at the under GCOS. At the same time, the Association recog­ regional level; and (iv) the national and regional nized that the level of IGOSS data flow (BATHY, TESAC, concerns identified at the third session of the WGH TRACKOB) was still very inadequate from many ocean (Bandung, February 1993). areas, and it therefore urged Members to further increase 8.S On the basis of the recommendations made by their participation in and contributions to IGOSS. the working group and taking into account the decisions Resolution 11 (XI-RA V) on this subject was adopted. of Cg-XI and the recommendations of CHy, the 7.4.15 The Association noted with appreciation that a Association adopted Resolution 12 (XI-RA V) by which it very successful Seminar/Workshop on IGOSS Products had re-established the WGH, open to all Members of the taken place in Tokyo, April 1991, hosted by the Japan Region, with a core of ten co-rapporteurs who were to Meteorological Agency, in which scientists from RA V had undertake specific work on the different aspects of the participated. The seminar/workshop had resulted in a group's terms of reference. With respect to the group's number of important recommendations for improvements membership, the Association requested its Members to to the IGOSS Observing System, as well as in the pre­ ensure an adequate representation of their Hydrological paration of the first issue of the IGOSS Products Bulletin Services. It noted in particular the need for members of (IPB). The Association urged Members to implement the the group to be able to communicate effectively with the workshop recommendations, as well as to continue to hydrological and meteorological community in their contribute products for publication in the IPB. countries. 8.6 The Association requested that at least one 8. . HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES session of the group be arranged during the next inter­ PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda sessional period and that financial assistance be provided item 8) by WMO to the core rapporteurs to attend the session. 8.1 The Association noted with appreciation the INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL report of the chairman of the Working Group on HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES AND BETWEEN HYDROLOGICAL AND Hydrology (WGH), Mr M. P. Mosley (New Zealand), METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES recognizing the excellence of his contribution to the 8.7 The Association noted the increased participa­ work of RA V over the past eight years. It also noted the tion and involvement of national hydrological agencies progress made in carrying out studies on aspects of in many hydrological activities of WMO. It recognized hydrology of particular concern to Members through its the important roles of hydrological advisers to the seven rapporteurs and it welcomed the technical reports permanent representatives of WMO, of members of CHy that had been prepared on: and of the regional working groups in planning and • Flash floods and their forecastingj implementing the HWRP and the benefits derived at the • HOMSj national level. In particular, it agreed that hydrological • Hydrological networks and the value of hydrological advisers could be instrumental in the coordination of information; the wor~ of all the national experts involved in the • Skills requirements and human resources develop- hydrological activities of WMO. It also recognized the ment; interdependence of meteorological and hydrological • WCP-Water. services, and the need for them to collaborate to the 8.2 The Association noted that almost all countries greatest possible extent in delivering their products and of RA V had contributed, with data and information, to services to the public. the different studies carried out. It requested that the 8.8 The Association noted the report by the chair­ various technical reports prepared by the group, once man of the RA V WGH on the activities undertaken by finalized, be forwarded to the Commission for Hydrology him in the capacity of regional hydrological adviser and (CHy) so as to constitute a possibie input to the activities recognized the significant role that such advisers played. of CHy. It further recommended that, as agreed by 8.9 In accordance with WMO General Regulation Congress, those technical reports which were of more 167(b), the Association designated the regional hydro­ than just regional interest then be published or repro­ logical adviser by its Resolution 12 (XI-RA V). duced and circulated as technical documents of WMO. 8.3 The Association also asked that consideration be DECISIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION FOR given to the publication of a newsletter on hydrology for HYDROLOGY CONCERNING REGIONAL ACTIVITIES the region to promote and assist cooperation between 8.10 The Association noted that the ninth session of the Services of Members. CHy (Geneva, January 1993) had again, among others: 8.4 The Association strongly endorsed the (i) reviewed ways for further strengthening cooperation programme of future activities in the field of hydrology and links between CHy and its bodies and the RAs WGH; and water resources proposed by the working group. It and (ii)considered action that would further enhance noted that those activities took into account: (i) the the role of the RAs WGH in the HWRP. status and results of the implementation of the group's 8.11 The Association was informed that the current terms of reference; (ii) WMO's Third Long-term Commission had considered a number of problems Plan, Part II, Volume 5, Hydrology and Water Resources which were affecting the performance and output of 22 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V some of the RAs WGH. One of the most common was improving the guidance material on network design. The the long delay observed in the nomination and approval Association was pleased to learn that seven countries in of members of the RAs WGH by individual countries, RA V had responded to the BNAP questionnaire and preventing the initiation of activities of the groups and urged that the remainder also contribute to the project. thus causing irretrievably wasted time, in some cases The data and guidelines for analysis were sent to all RAs exceeding more than one year. That delay, coupled with WGH rapporteurs on networks, so as to provide a communication breakdowns and associated lack of common basis for the analysis and preparation of the responses, vast land areas, and the lack of, or unavailable summary report for each Region. The results for each expertise at the national level, made the implementation Region were discussed during the International Work­ of programmes very difficult and slow. The economic shop on Network Design Practices in November 1991, in situation of countries of various Regions was also Koblenz, Germany, in which the regional rapporteurs on contributing to the non-implementation of some of the the subject had been invited to participate. projects. 8.16 On the basis of the responses received, the RA V 8.12 Concern was also expressed that, at the previous WGH rapporteur on the subject had prepared a prelim­ session of the regional association and at the recent inary analysiS of the hydrological networks in RA V. The session of CHy, the number of representatives of Association noted that the report identified a number of Hydrological Services of RA V forming part of Members' problem areas and needs for additional information, such delegations had, in general, been very low. It was difficult as on water quality and groundwater, suitable for for several reasons, in particular because of financial national assessments. A particular requirement was for restrictions, for hydrological agencies to be represented at network design procedures which were intermediate such sessions. Nevertheless, a larger participation of between the simple guidelines provided by BNAP; and hydrologists would probably strengthen CHy's and the the sophisticated, but demanding, statistical approaches regional association's possibilities as fora for the discus­ considered by HYNET (see below). sion of water-related problems in Region V with obvious 8.17 As regards the project on intercomparison of benefit to Members. operational network design techniques (HYNET), the Association noted that three RA V Members had parti­ OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME (OHP) - BASIC cipated in Phase I of HYNET (a large proportion of the total SYSTEMS number of participants). While recognizing that the data 8.13 The Association was pleased to note that its­ requirements of the project were a significant constraint on WGH had made significant inputs to the activities within partiCipation, it recommended that Member countries take the OHP. The items reported below were discussed in advantage of the potential value of implementing the detail. outcome of the project. That topiC should be covered by the relevant rapporteur in the re-established working HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION REFERRAL SERVICE (lNFOHYDRO) group. It was also noted that the CHy Rapporteur on Integrated Network Design for the current intersessional 8.14 The Association was informed of work on the period was from an RA V Member country. updating of the Referral Service and the preparation of the second edition of the INFOHYDRO Manual (WMO­ HOMS AND TRAINING NEEDS No. 638). While six countries in RA V had supplied 8.18 The Association was briefed on recent develop­ updated information, there were ten countries that had ments in HOMS, induding the recent 3 OOOth transfer, either not provided data since 1973 or not at all. The and was pleased to note that, pursuant to a Cg-XI deci­ Association requested Members to support fully and sion, HOMS was now a permanent feature of the OHP, cooperate with the Secretary-General in his efforts to with a change of the name to "Hydrological Operational keep the INFOHYDRO Manual complete and up to date. Multipurpose System". The Association noted the imple­ In particular it urged those Members which had not mentation plan for HOMS (1992-1996), adopted by provided any information to respond to the request for CHy-IX. It further noted the strong support that RA V information. In return, the Association requested that Members were giving to HOMS, with eight of the 16 the WMO Secretariat provide feedback on the use and Members having established a HOMS National Reference value of information provided by Members for indusion Centre (HNRC). Four Members had contributed a total of in such publications. With the commercialization of the 16 components to HOMS. Nevertheless, the Association water industry, agencies looked to the benefits of provid­ expressed the hope that more countries of the Region ing such information and those benefits needed to be would also consider contributing components to HOMS. identified and communicated. Regarding the transfer of components since the last session of the Association (1989), it was noted that HYDROLOGICAL NETWORKS HNRCs in the Region had req~ested 26 and supplied 18 8.15 The Association was informed of the activities components. regarding network analysiS which all RAs WGH of WMO had been assigned to carry out, in dose coordination and OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME - ApPLICATIONS collaboration with CHy. It noted the plans for implemen­ AND ENVIRONMENT tation and the status of the WMO Basic Hydrological 8.19 The Association expressed its satisfaction with Network Assessment Project (BNAP), which was aimed at the increasing involvement of its working group in GENERAL SUMMARY 23 matters concerning applications and services to water time for its consideration by ECOSOC in April 1991. resources development and management, in particular to The report had also served as one of the basic inputs hydrological forecasting and on the impact of variations to the International Conference on Water and the in climate. Environment held in Dublin in January 1992. Another 8.20 Because of the damage and loss of life caused by cooperative effort was the publication in 1992 of the heavy rainfall and flooding during tropical cyclones, the . second edition of the WMO/UNESCO International work of the WGH was seen as a potential contribution to Glossary of Hydrology. the aims of the Tropical Cyclone Committee (TCC) for 8.2S The Association also noted with interest the the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean. However, outcome of the joint WMO/UNESCO/ICSU International the Association recognized that there had been little Conference in Hydrology, held in Paris during March formal contact between the WGH and the TCC during 1993. It welcomed the moves being made to bring the the intersessional period because of a lack of financial separate hydrology programmes of WMO and UNESCO resources. It considered that a member of the WGH closer together. should have the specific responsibility of contributing to TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND TRAINING the activities of the TCC and noted that that would 8.26 The Association noted that two water-related require attendance at TCC sessions to be fully effective. projects in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea had been 8.21 The Association expressed its satisfaction with completed during the last intersessional period. the new Management Overview of Flood Forecasting Cooperation activities in the field of hydrology had been Systems (MOFFS) developed to facilitate the assessment actively pursued by WMO in the Region. It noted that of performance of individual flood forecasting systems WMO's Voluntary Cooperation Programme (VCP) had by Members of the WMO regional tropical cyclone been extended so that it now provided support to activ­ bodies. Noting that five countries of the Region had ities in hydrology and water resources. Hydrological designated forecasting systems to be monitored, it Services had consequently been invited to formulate encouraged other RA V Members to play an active role in proposals for assistance. applying MOFFS. 8.27 The Association was informed about the promo­ WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP-WATER) tion by WMO, with support of the World Bank and other 8.22 The interaction between the RA V WGH and agencies, of the concept of a World Hydrological Cycle WCP-Water was also considered to be a positive develop­ Observing System (WHYCOS). The initiative was part of ment. The Association noted that ten of its Members had WMO's follow-up to UNCED. Through WHYCOS the contributed data to the Global Runoff Data Centre in aim was to build up a collection of high-quality data for Koblenz, Germany, covering some 150 river basins. the major rivers of the world. That would involve the Those Members were encouraged to continue supplying creation of a system for the operation and maintenance such data. The Association called upon those Members of stations collecting hydrometeorological data (up to 15 which had not yet supplied data to give the matter their variables) by satellite for transmission to international serious consideration and to make contributions. It was and national centres. The system would not only recognized that the more comprehensive the coverage of upgrade water resources assessment, but it would also the South-West Pacific, the more successful were likely to contribute to the understanding of global climate, as well be the studies and models of the climatological and as help to reverse the decline in the capabilities of Hydro­ hydrological regimes of the Region. logical Services. The Association, noting that the project 8.23 Another project under WCP-Water of interest to was currently being developed for Africa, considered that the Association was that on the analysis of long-time an extension of the project to other regions, including series of hydrological data. A large number of time series Oceania, would be extremely valuable. from the Region were analysed by the project, but a 8.28 The Association noted that another contribu­ wider geographical spread was needed, and more coun­ tion to WMO's follow-up to UNCED was the preparation tries of the Region with long records (at least 30 years) of a project on the impact of climate change and sea­ were urged to contribute data. The Association requested level rise on the water resources of small islands. the Rapporteur on WCP-Water to liaise, as appropriate, with the chairman of the new RA V Working Group on 9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME - Climate Matters. REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 9) OTHER WATER-RELATED ISSUES GENERAL 8.24 The Association noted that WMO had con­ 9.1 The Association examined the information on tinued its cooperation with other international the implementation of the Education and Training organizations and that, at the international level, WMO's Programme in the Region since its last session. In noting closest links concerning hydrology and water resources with appreciation the progress achieved and the assis­ were with UNESCO. One very substantial outcome of tance provided to Members in developing their trained that interagency cooperation was the WMO/UNESCO manpower resources, the Association stressed that educa­ Report on Water Resource Assessment - Progress in the tion and training continued to be of great importance to Implementation of the Mar del Plata Action Plan and a Members in meeting their increasing responsibilities Strategy for the 1990s, which had been published in under the various programmes of the Organization. 24 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

9.2 The Association was pleased to note Volume 6 of 9.8 The Association noted with satisfaction the Part II of the WMO Third Long-term Plan (TLTP) as designation of the two new RMTCs in the neighbouring adopted by Eleventh Congress and urged its Members to RA II Region, located in Nanjing (China) and Tehran carry out the roles which were defined for their execution (Islamic Republic of Iran), and expressed the view that under the various tasks and projects of the plan. that would relieve the pressing needs of RA II as well as RA V for the development of manpower resources. MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 9.9 The Association agreed with the need, stressed 9.3 The Association emphasized the importance of by Eleventh Congress, for more emphasis to be placed by the manpower development programme, in particular to RMTCs on regional training requirements for specialized developing countries, and further stressed the need for a courses in various subject areas. In that connection, strategiC approach to the implementation of such a Members were requested to assist RMTCs in organizing programme. In that connection, the Association noted courses, using such ways and means as the provision the information provided on the results of the global of instructors for short-term aSSignments and the pro­ survey of Members' training requirements, which was vision of relevant training materials, aids and other carried out during 1989, and considered that the results assistance under TCDC or other bilateral and multilateral of the survey constituted a useful source of information arrangements. for a number of users. 9.10 In view of the particular training requirements 9.4 With respect to the next global survey of South Pacific island countries, the Association of Members training requirements, the Association requested the Secretary-General to study the possibility of expressed the hope that the active participation of designating an RMTC in that area. The training institu­ Members in the survey would allow a proper assessment tion in Nadi (Fiji) was cited for consideration. of WMO training activities and would be a base for modi­ TRAINING EVENTS fications and improvements in the Education and 9.11 The Association noted that, since its last session, Training Programme. WMO had organized or participated in the organization NATIONAL TRAINING FACILITIES of ten training events in the Region of interest to the 9.5 Information was provided on the training activ­ Association. Members of RA V had also had the oppor­ ities being carried out by some Members of RA V. The tunity to benefit from 66 other training events organized Association expressed its gratitude to those of its and hosted by NMHSs or other national institutions, Members, as well as to Members from other Regions, with WMO acting as co-sponsor or providing partial which had made their national training facilities avail­ financial support. able for the training of meteorological and operational 9.12 The Association further noted the list of subject hydrological personnel of RA V. It noted that Eleventh areas of training events which were planned to be organ­ Congress had stressed the need for the intensification of ized during the biennium 1994-1995, subject to the cooperation and coordination of education and training availability of funds. It indicated that training in tropical activities at the regional level and agreed that it was still cyclone forecasting and warning as well-as in flood fore­ necessary for a considerable number of meteorological casting were of particular interest. The Association also and hydrological personnel to be trained in other welcomed the organization of the RA V Technical Regions due to non-coverage of some specialized subjects Conference on Management in 1995, as it would also by national training institutions. contribute to capacity building. 9.6 The Association noted with interest the estab­ 9.13 While noting with appreciation the important lishment of the Standing Conference of Heads of and valuable roles of Members in providing financial and Training Institutions of national Meteorological Services other assistance for the organization of training events, and recognized the value of the establishment of the the Association expressed the hope that, as foreseen in Standing Conference's working groups dealing with the the TLTP, Members would continue such support, in application of up-to-date scientific and technical issues to particular through hosting training events, financially the education and training processes. The Association supporting the participation of their accepted candidates urged its Members to make their own inputs and hoped and by providing lecturers or instructors. The Association that all Members would benefit from these new activities. was pleased to note that the USA was planning to organize a two-week Workshop on Tropical Meteorology REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TRAINING CENTRES (RMTCs) to be held at the University of Hawaii in the first half of 9.7 The Association was pleased to note that the 1995. WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centre located in the Philippines was functioning satisfactorily and TRAINING MATERIALS continued to offer training at various levels for the 9.14 The Association noted with pleasure the training Members of the Region. Members of the Association had publications that had been prepared and issued by the also benefited from training courses at the RMTC in India Organization since its last session. It also noted that they (New Delhi and Pune). In reviewing the training were being used extensively at national and regional programme of the RMTC in the Philippines for 1994, the training centres. The Association requested the Secretary­ Association urged its Members to make maximum use of General to continue the preparation and publication of the courses being organized by that centre. training materials. Taking into account the limited GENERAL SUMMARY 25 budgetary provisions for the purpose, the Association Programme (UNDP) as well as other donor institutions also requested Members to provide assistance for those and Members for the continued support provided. It activities as far as possible. emphasized the importance of the Technical 9.15 The Association was informed that, since its last Cooperation Programme in ensuring implementation of session, the stock of materials available in the Training WMO programmes at the regional level. The programme Library had increased and that the Secretariat was initi- . was also crucial in aSSisting Members, especially develop­ ating action to function as an exchange forum for ing countries, to meet their capacity building require­ audiovisual and computer software materials. In urging ments, particularly in the light of UNCED. Members to make use of the facilities and holdings of the 10.2 The Association was pleased to note the con­ Training Library in their training programmes, the tinuing contribution of the Voluntary Cooperation Association also drew the attention of Members to their Programme (VCP) and the WMO regular budget to the responsibilities, as indicated in the TLTP, Part II, development of national Meteorological and Hydrological Volume 6, to make available to the Training Library texts, Services in the Region, by providing fellowships and materials, and seconded experts for the development of urgently needed instruments, spare parts and consumables. special activities such as correspondence courses and 10.3 The Association also noted that a number of computer-aided learning techniques. country projects and inter-country projects had been 9.16 In addition, the Association requested the successfully implemented in the Region. A number of Secretary-General to continue action aimed at making new experts/consultants, training events/workshops and training techniques, in particular in the areas of computer­ equipment were provided under the UNDP/WMO aided and distance learning, available to, or accessible by, projects. Some new projects were being considered for the Region's training institutions. The Association approval by related governments and UNDP. considered that those techniques were particularly 10.4 The Association expressed its satisfaction that a important to RA V because of the geographical spread of number of short-term and long-term fellowships had the Region. It expressed its thanks to those who had been provided through UNDP, VCP, regular budget and provided relevant materials to make use of such tech­ trust funds. niques, such as the Cooperative Program for Operational 10.5 The Association was briefed on the latest situa­ Meteorology, Education and Research of the USA. tion regarding UNDP support, information was also provided by the UNDP representative to the session. The EDUCATION AND TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS Association noted with concern that, due to the global 9.17 The Association noted that training through recession, there had been a drastic decline in the alloca­ the provision of fellowships under the UNDP, VCP, tion of funds for the Fifth Programme Cycle of UNDP funds-in-trust and the WMO regular budget continued (1992-1996) which had affected many agencies in the to be an effective way of aSSisting Members in the UN system. So far, very few new projects on meteorology development of their required manpower. However, in and operational hydrology had been supported by UNDP. noting that available financial resources did not allow Support had partly been affected by UNDP's emphasis on all the needs of the Region to be met, the Association government execution and programme approach. It was requested Members to consider possibilities of meeting important for each NMHS to appreciate the new trend their requirements by using to the maximum the following the United Nations Conference on Environ­ available facilities such as WMO RMTCs and national ment and Development (UNCED, June 1992, Rio de institutions in the Region, and by strengthening co­ Janeiro, Brazil). The emphasis was now on national and operation between countries through bilateral and local action which had social and economic relevance. It multilateral schemes. was also necessary for national Services take the lead to 9.18 The Association expressed its appreciation to define the development needs of their Service, to those Members from RA V and other Regions which had persuade the government to give those needs some prior­ provided training fellowships, and arranged study ity by relating them to the national development needs, programmes and study tours for the benefit of many to submit their requests for external funding sources Members of the Region. through the government, and to be prepared to imple­ LONG-TERM PLANNING ment projects as far as possible within their own 9.19 In conSidering regional aspects of the education capabilities. The Association therefore stressed that and training activities in the light of the preparation of innovative resource mobilization efforts should be made the Fourth WMO Long-term Plan, the Association agreed at the national level. that the matters raised in the preceding paragraphs 10.6 As regards projects which had been submitted to should be taken into account. UNDP and for which no UNDP support had been provided, the Association requested that they be 10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME - reviewed and, if necessary, reformulated to increase the REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 10) chance of their being funded by UNDP or other sources. 10.1 Noting with appreciation the report submitted The Association particularly drew attention to the by the Secretary-General on the technical cooperation importance of the proposed regional project "Reduction activities since the tenth session, the Association of Natural Disasters Related to Tropical Cyclones in the expressed its thanks to the United Nations Development South Pacific Region". 26 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

10.1 The Association stressed the necessity for provide the WMO Secretariat with information regarding Members, that were in need of technical assistance, to bilateral and multilateral cooperation in order to avoid make every effort to mobilize resources other than UNDP any duplication and to ensure better coordination with funding. It urged Members to participate actively in the other technical assistance programmes. Voluntary Cooperation Programme: either by offering 10.16 The initiative made to launch a WMO-linked assistance or submitting priority requests. Members were foundation (New Sun Foundation) which sought to tap also encouraged to explore VCP resource possibilities that primarily private sector resources for projects supportive might be available in their countries, other than those of WMO objectives was noted with pleasure as were the from the NMHSs (e.g., private sector, other government various resource mobilization activities undertaken by institutions). the foundation so far. 10.8 Members were requested to make full use of 10.11 The Association was also pleased to note that other mechanisms to promote technical cooperation one such project was the organization of the first activities, such as UNDP's Transfer of Knowledge through Meeting of Directors of Meteorological Services in the Expatriate Nationals (TOKTEN) and the United Nations South Pacific, organized by the South Pacific Regional Volunteers (UNV). Environment Programme (SPREP), in which WMO had 10.9 The Association emphasized the importance of actively participated. The Association agreed that such capacity building. In addition, it urged that capacity meetings should be held regularly, and called for appro­ building in NMHS planning and management, informa­ priate support. tion and public affairs, as well as resource mobilization 10.18 The Association noted the advantage of utilizing needed to be pursued. sectoral support missions in assisting Members to 10.10 The Association recognized the importance of identify requirements and formulate project proposals in trust funds for WMO technical cooperation activities for the fields of meteorology and operational hydrology. It the development of Meteorological and Hydrological Ser­ called on Members to forward their requests for sectoral vices and urged more extensive use of that mechanism. support missions in relevant fields, as appropriate, to the 10.11 The Association noted that the feasibility study Secretary-General of WMO. conducted under the Australian Trust Fund on Climate 10.19 The Association expressed its appreciation to Monitoring and Impact Assessment in the South-West Australia and New Zealand for their generous support to Pacific (liThe Changing Climate in Paradise") had the technical cooperation activities in the Region, resulted in a number of project proposals. Some of the through the provision of expert services and training in projects were under way, supported by Australia, New addition to trust-fund and cost-sharing activities. Zealand and other donors. 10.20 The Association was informed of the recent 10.12 The cost-effectiveness of Technical Cooperation review undertaken by the Study Group on the Technical among Developing Countries (TCDC) as a means of Cooperation Programme which had been established by promoting and strengthening collective self-reliance and the Secretary-General in accordance with the request of international cooperation was noted. The Association EC-XLV. The Association took note of the proposals which was informed of TCDC activities being undertaken by had resulted from the review process, induding those on some of its Members, such as Singapore, and urged the possible harmonization of the functions and struc­ Members to take an effective part in such important tures of the Technical Cooperation Department and the activities. Regional Offices. It was recognized that those proposals 10.13 The Association noted with satisfaction that the related to possible ways of improving support for RA V ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, with participating Members to meet their development reqUirements. countries from both RA II and RA V, had made significant progress in achieving a high level of self-reliance. TCDC 11. PuBLIC INFORMATION - REGIONAL ASPECTS activities had been flourishing in addition to the estab­ (agenda item 11) lishment of the Typhoon Committee Trust Fund (TCTF) 11.1 The Association recalled the objectives of the financed by Committee Members. WMO Public Information Programme as defined by 10.14 The Association also recognized the importance Eleventh Congress as well as the guidance given by of further strengthening the ASEAN Specialized Congress on the programme. It also noted that Congress Meteorological Centre, located in Singapore, which could had defined the main objective of WMO's Public provide information, products and services not only to Information Programme as to inform the public and the ASEAN countries, but also to other Members of the decision-makers of advances made in the sciences of Region. It noted that scientists from ASEAN countries meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines and of were being seconded to the centre, with support pro­ the significance of weather, climate and water resources vided through VCP. to the social and economic development of nations. It 10.15 The Association recognized the significance of noted with interest that major efforts were under way bilateral and multilateral assistance from developed within the Secretariat to integrate public information countries in the promotion of meteorology and opera­ activities with those of the sci.entific and technical tional hydrology and urged those countries to continue programmes and to ensure that regional concerns as well to extend their generous donations and support in as those of individual Members were properly taken into future. The Association strongly urged its Members to account as the programme evolved. GENERAL SUMMARY 27

11.2 The Association noted that the forty-fifth 11.9 The Association stressed the need to comple­ session of the Executive Council had stressed the need ment WMO's global efforts with action at the national for a dynamic and effective Public Information level, particularly in the follow-up to UNCED and in the Programme to meet new challenges arising from the implementation of Agenda 21. For that purpose, the follow-up actions to UNCED. The Association agreed that Association invited its Members to take the necessary that called for a new thrust and re-orientation of action which should include: the public information strategy and approach in each (a) Establishing close contacts, as appropriate, with country of the Region in light of these new develop­ representatives of governmental and non-govern­ ments. The Association invited Members to make every mental organizations, the mass media, bilateral and effort to strengthen or develop such strategies or multilateral agencies, the private sector, academic approaches. and research institutions among others, with a view 11.3 It was also recognized that the wide to promoting WMO's activities as well as those of distribution of specially prepared material helped to national Meteorological and Hydrological Services; increase public awareness of the work of WMO and of (b) Ensuring the regular distribution and wide dissem­ Meteorological and Hydrological Services. In that ination of WMO materials, as well as those prepared regard, the Association expressed its appreciation for by the national Service, to the above-mentioned the wide variety of printed and audio-visual material individuals and organizations; such as fact sheets, media features, press kits, booklets, (c) Organizing events, such as press briefings and media posters, newsletters and video films that had been seminars, interviews with experts, open days and distributed to all Members. information and public affairs activities in relation 11.4 In connection with the production of public to World Meteorological Day, World Water Day, information materials, the Association stressed the World IDNDR Day, as well as to launch special importance of clear and non-technical materials which reports or new developments that highlight the were suitable for lay readers and which had popular contributions of meteorology and operational appeal/human interest. The Association further recog­ hydrology to socio-economic development; nized that information and public affairs activities were (d) Designating a focal point for Information and important elements in improving the visibility and status Public Affairs, if not already done, to work with the of NMHSs as well as in resource mobilization efforts. WMO Information and Public Affairs Office on the 11.5 The Association agreed that it would be helpful above and other relevant matters. to produce a fact sheet on WMO activities in the South­ 11.10 The Association considered that a continuing West Pacific Region. It could contain information on the dialogue between Members and the Secretariat would be functions of WMO, a map of the Region identifying the necessary to ensure that the WMO Public Information RA V Members and information on WMO programmes Programme responded to the needs of national Services in general, as well as regional priorities and activities. In and met its objective. The Association expressed its view turn, it could be the basis of producing an equivalent fact that the Regional Office could serve as the focus for sheet at the national level, which should also publicize public information activities and work in close collabora­ the contribution of the national Meteorological and tion with Members of the Region. Hydrological Service to sustainable development. 11.6 The Association drew attention to the need for 12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS fast dissemination of public information materials. It (agenda item 12) noted that important press releases were already being 12.1 The Association noted the guidance given by sent by fax, where feasible, and the possibility of using EC-XLV in connection with the preparation of the the GTS should also be explored. Fourth Long-term Plan (4LTP). It was felt that the 11.7 The need for development of NMHS capability overall policies, strategy and major objectives proposed in the area of information and public affairs was also by the Council provided an appropriate framework for underscored. The Association noted that there were the development and implementation of WMO activities being planned, such as appropriate workshops programmes over the next decade. It was noted in and a practical media handbook, which would help particular that the proposals well reflected the major address the need. issues related to global environmental problems and 11.8 The Association agreed that the exchange of sustainable development, including climate change, public information material, advice and expertise among and responded to the need of ensuring WMO's Members of the Region would be mutually supportive. responSiveness to new challenges, in particular to post­ The Association also agreed to take every opportunity of UNCED initiatives' including the implementation of reaching a wider audience by promoting activities of Agenda 21. At the same time, the emphasis would mutual interest in collaboration with other regional be on the core activities of WMO supporting the bodies and organizations such as the Economic and internationally established operational weather and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), hydrological services which were needed for the safety United Nations Information Centres and with non­ of citizens, the protection of the environment, and for governmental organizations such as the Press Foundation the efficiency and economy of a wide range of weather of Asia in the Philippines. sensitive activities in all countries. The Association 28 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V noted that the Secretary-General had circulated the first and related services in New Zealand. The Association draft of the 4LTP Parts I and II volumes to all Members noted that certain aspects of the New Zealand for comments and that, therefore, there was no need for experience were relevant to the discussions on the the session to make detailed comments on the draft commercialization issue. In that context, the strong plan. The Association, adopted the statement on "RA V view was expressed that it was important to secure regional priorities for the period of the Fourth Long­ arrangements for provision for the basic WWW system Term Plan 1996-2005" (as given in the annex to this in order to ensure its protection in an environment of paragraph (Annex V». commercial competition for value-added services. The 12.2 The Association recognized that in the next Association noted that some value-added services of the decade there would be, in the Region, an increasing Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited bear a requirement for meteorological and hydrological services copyright notice. in support of sustainable development and protection of 13.1.5 The Association recognized that the overall the environment, including the implementation of challenge to WMO, including RA V, was to identify UNCED's Agenda 21, the Framework Convention on the common ground on the basis of which further Climate Change, an International Convention on action could proceed. In that regard, the Association Desertification and of actions identified in the reiterated its commitment to the principle of the Declaration of the UN Global Conference on the Sus­ free and unrestricted international exchange of basic tainable Development of Small Island Developing States. data and products, and indeed for the enhanced practice The goal was to ensure maximum potential benefit for all of the principle. It also stressed that the whole WMO nations from sound application of meteorological, community would work better and would be the hydrological and related atmospheric environment data, ultimate beneficiary if every country was able to knowledge and services. ensure and maintain a viable NMHS. The Association therefore requested its president and the Secretary­ General to ensure that the views of the Association were 13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES (agenda item 13) taken into account in the further consideration of the 13.1 INTERNAL MATTERS OF THE AsSOCIATION (agenda commercialization issue. item 13.1) 13.1.6 The Association also agreed that the com­ mercial activities of a country (especially of a developed COMMERCIALIZATION ISSUE country) in another country should be addressed with 13.1.1 The Association carefully noted the information care as that situation could adversely affect the NMHS provided by the Secretary-General on the outcome of the of the latter country. It drew attention to the "Guide­ 1992 and 1994 sessions of the EC Working Group on the lines for relations among national Meteorological and Commercialization of Meteorological and Hydrological Hydrological Services regarding commercial activities" Services and, in particular, on relevant decisions of contained in Annex 2 of Resolution 20 (EC-XLV), which EC-XLV in that regard. It also noted that Resolution 20 indicated that whenever the service provided by one (EC-XLV) providing guidelines for the exchange of NMHS might affect other NMHSs, the NMHS providing meteorolOgical data and products and relations involving the service should inform the NMHSs of the other coun­ commercial activities, had been circulated to all Members tries and take into account their views, to the extent in the Region for their attention. possible. 13.1.2 The Association noted, in particular, that a new 13.1.7 The Association also recognized the importance framework practice for international exchange of data of ensuring that appropriate provisions were made for and products was accepted in principle by EC-XLV in supporting developing countries even in the light of Resolution 20 with the aim of reinforcing the principle of commercialization considerations. It considered that, like free (Le. without charge) and unrestricted exchange of the free exchange of data and products, the promotion of basic data and products between national Meteorological technical cooperation, such as through VCp, was also a and Hydrological Services in the interest of all Members hallmark of WMO. of WMO. It was also noted that a refined and more 13.1.8 The Association also noted that the use of detailed version of the practice, including assessment of NMHS logos in weather presentations helped to increase the implications of its operation, would be developed for the recognition and visibility of the NMHS concerned. In consideration by Twelfth Congress in 1995 and, at that that connection, it requested the Secretary-General to time, a decision would be made on the implementation study carefully the advantages and disadvantages of of the new practice. arranging for an acknowledgement of WWW in weather 13.1.3 The Association expressed its appreciation to the presentations, including in the international media, to Secretary-General and the EC Working Group on the emphasize the importance of international cooperation Commercialization of Meteorological and Hydrological in meteorology. Services for the activities undertaken to gain a better 13.1.9 Finally, the Association looked forward to the understanding of the relevant issues and a consensus on results of the activities recommended by EC-XLV on the how these issues were to be addreSsed. commercialization issue and requested the Secretary­ 13.1.4 Information was provided on the recent General to inform all Members of developments. changes with respect to the provision of meteorological It requested its president to take into account those GENERAL SUMMARY 29 developments in connection with the future considera­ (a) Climate change and sea-level rise; tion of the topic by the Association. (b) Natural and environmental disasters; (c) Water management; 13.2 FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES RELATED TO UNCED (d) Coastal and marine resources; (agenda item 13.2) (e) Fresh water; 13.2.1 The Association noted with appreciation the (f) Land resources; Secretary-General's action related to the follow-up to (g) Energy; UNCED through his own participation in meetings and (h) Tourism; that of senior staff of the Organization, especially in (i) Biodiversity; maintaining close liaison with international institutions (j) National institutions; and enhancing the Organization's capabilities and (k) Regional institutions and technical cooperation; position in all related UNCED follow-up activities. The (1) Transport and communications; Association also appreciated the action taken by the (m) Science and technology; Secretary-General in keeping Members informed on (n) Human resources development; related UNCED follow-up activities through circular (0) Implementation, monitoring and review. letters, presentations and discussions at meetings of The Association further noted that a number of those key heads of national Meteorological and Hydrological areas were relevant to the concerns being addressed by Services, press releases, and other means. its Members. It also agreed that the relevant results of the 13.2.2 The Association expressed its gratitude to conference including the Declaration of Barbados, the Secretary-General for his prompt response to Resolu­ should be used as basis for seeking support for related tions 14 (EC-XLIV), 15 (EC-XLIV) and 16 (EC-XLV). It activities of RA V Members. also appreciated the establishment of the Resource 13.2.5 The Association also underscored the important Mobilization Unit within the Technical Cooperation role of national Services in providing appropriate informa­ Department to consider carefully all available oppor­ tion to the public and decision-makers in areas within their tunities for external funding resulting from UNCED. competence. The national Services should also ensure a It reaffirmed the importance of resource mobilization strong linkage between the national development plan and activities in mustering not only external funding sources the development plan for the NMHS. Development plans but also in assisting the heads of national Meteorological should highlight climate strategies, as well as support for and Hydrological Services in securing national and national climate committees; that was particularly other funding for their programmes and activities important for small island countries in RA V. leading to the development of their Services. The 13.2.6 Given that Agenda 21 was essentially a plan for Association also expressed its satisfaction with the efforts national implementation, the Association also recog­ that went to the improvement of the public affairs activ­ nized the important role that the directors of NMHSs ities and looked forward to further benefits during could play in accessing funding that could be made avail­ coming years. able for post-UNCED activities, especially for national 13.2.3 The Association noted that Members were also and regional projects. In that regard, the Association undertaking UNCED follow-up activities. It agreed that requested the more developed countries, especially those its Members should keep the Secretary-General, as well in the Region, to assist the other countries through bi­ as each other, informed of UNCED follow-up activities lateral, multilateral and/or other schemes for imple­ in their respective countries particularly those related to menting post-UNCED activities. the relevant programmes of WMO and to the imple­ 13.2.7 In connection with the above, the Association mentation of the actions indicated in Resolution 16 expressed its gratitude to the Secretary-General for the (EC-XLV). In turn, the Association also requested the dissemination of the "Guidelines on the role of national Secretary-General to continue keeping Members Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the informed of WMO activities in that regard with implementation of Agenda 21 and the Framework emphasis on external funding sources such as GEF, Convention on Climate Change" which the EC Working UNDP and Capacity 21. Group on the Follow-up of UNCED, Including Capacity 13.2.4 The Association recognized that in formulating Building had presented to the Executive Council at its the regional aspects of WMO scientific and technical forty-fifth session and which had been agreed upon by programmes, consideration should be given to ensuring the Council. It considered that the "Guidelines" appropriate response to UNCED and the efforts towards provided assistance to the NMHSs in the Region in sustainable development by WMO and its Members, mapping out their own response to the UNCED follow­ especially the NMHSs. In that connection, the up at the national level. Association considered that the UN Global Conference 13.2.8 The Association also expressed its appreciation on the Sustainable Development of Small Island for the WMO publications which had been distributed Developing States (Bridgetown, Barbados, 25 April-6 May to NMHSs, and which had provided Members with 1994) was an important UNCED follow-up for RA V information on WMO activities and the status of imple­ Members. The Association noted that the Conference mentation of UNCED and Agenda 21, as well as the had outlined problems and made recommendations in Framework Convention on Climate Change. Those 15 key areas, namely: publications included: 30 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

• Climate variations, drought and desertification; the more necessary for the implementation of observing • WMO and UNCED - 1992; stations and climate prediction centres for the ENSO • WMO and global warming; phenomena which were of particular concern to RA V. • WMO and the ozone issue; The Global Climate Observing System and the Global • Meteorology and hydrology for sustainable development. Ocean Observing System were very closely linked. Since 13.2.9 The Association emphasized the role that the the ocean component of GCOS was the climate NMHS could play in the preparations for the sessions of component of GOOS, WMO was an active party in the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) at GOOS. In that capacity, WMO had signed a Memoran­ the national level. It requested the Secretary-General to dum of Agreement with IOC and ICSU in order to arrange for the provision of relevant guidance materials establish the Joint Technical and Scientific Committee to facilitate NMHS participation in the CSD preparatory for GOOS. process, particularly the 1996 session which would 13.3.3 Specifically at the regional level, the Association address the topics of 1/ Atmosphere" and 1/ Oceans and all noted with approval that its president had represented kind of seas II • WMO at the most recent meeting of the IOC Sub­ 13.2.10 The Association stressed the importance of commission for WESTPAC (Bangkok, January 1993) providing good quality products and services as well as and that the project proposal for the coordinated ensuring recognition of the role of the WWW as the development of marine observing systems, telecom­ basic support to UNCED follow-up. It also agreed that, in munications and services in the South-East Asian region seeking financial resources in support of meteoro­ was to be co-sponsored by IOC. The Association further logical/hydrological activities (such as through the noted that an IOC regional office for WESTPAC had Global Environment Facility), it was important to high­ been established in Bangkok, and requested the WMO light the relevant products and services that proposed Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific projects would provide. to make contact with its IOC counterpart as soon as 13.2.11 The Association requested the Secretary-General possible, in order to review possibilities for enhanced to facilitate the consideration of the above in the course cooperation at the regional level. In that regard, of the preparation of the programme and budget for the the Association noted that issues related to climate twelfth financial period as well as the Fourth Long-term predictability and variability, in particular the co­ Plan. The Association recognized that for the most part, ordination of regional aspects of IGOSS and GOOS were UNCED follow-up activities would be incorporated in the potential areas for such cooperation. plans and projects within the WMO scientific and tech­ nical programmes. 13.4 INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION (IDNDR) (agenda item 13.4) 13.3 COOPERATION WITH THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL 13.4.1 The Association noted the important role played OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (IOe) by the Organization in supporting the International (agenda item 13.3) Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, and the WMO 13.3.1 The Association emphasized the importance of Plan of Action for the IDNDR which had been adopted the increasing level of cooperation between WMO and by Cg-XI. It urged Members in the Region to participate the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (of fully in National Committees for the Decade. It UNESCO) in areas of mutual interest and concern. In the welcomed the emphasis in the plan on the application of context of WMO's programmes that cooperation existing technology and procedures to disaster reduction, extended beyond the Marine Meteorology and Associated and the gearing of activities towards technical coopera­ Oceanographic Activities and World Weather Watch tion with emphasis on technology transfer, institution Programmes, to the World Climate Programme (specifi­ building, provision of equipment and facilities, and cally the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) human resource development. and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)), the 13.4.2 The Association further noted the three special Education and Training Programme and aspects of the projects for the Decade: Technical Cooperation and Regional Programmes. (a) Tropical Cyclone Warning for the South-West Indian Specific examples of joint action included co-sponsorship Ocean Region; for the Integrated Global Ocean Services System, the Data (b) Comprehensive Risk Assessment; Buoy Cooperation Panel, the Global Ocean Observing (c) System for Technology Exchange for Natural System, GCOS and the WCRP, while cooperation had Disasters. been further boosted by a mutual recognition of the need 13.4.3 The Association was informed of the World to act jointly in certain aspects of the follow-up to Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction (Yokohama, UNCED and the implementation of Agenda 21. Japan, 23-27 May 1994), and it expressed the hope that 13.3.2 The Association welcomed the view of the the countries in the Region were participating fully in the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission that it conference. The Association recognized the value of was essential for national Meteorological and several initiatives, both national and regional, within the Hydrological Services and oceanographic bodies to Region that were contributing to the conference and to cooperate increasingly in their common fields of the Decade. Amongst the former, it noted that the interest such as climate. Such collaboration would be all Australian Tropical Cyclone Workstation would be GENERAL SUMMARY 31 demonstrated at Yokohama, and expressed appreciation 14.4 The Association noted with appreciation the of the support given by the Australian IDNDR efforts of the regional office to participate actively in the Committee to the Bureau of Meteorology. The Associ­ events of regional intergovernmental bodies such as the ation also appreciated the support of the Committee to Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics of the the training workshops held in the Region, suggesting Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). That that in future emphasis be given to the Pacific Islands. type of activity was deemed useful by the Association in 13.4.4 The essential part being played by the WWW promoting meteorology and operational hydrology and basic synoptic network in supporting the improvement increasing the awareness of policy-makers of the role of of the tropical cyclone warning system in the South the national Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Pacific was emphasized. The Association also highlighted contributing to a Wide-range of social and economic the importance of the coordinating work undertaken by activities. the Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific 14.5 As regards the location of the Regional Office for and South-East Indian Ocean. It stressed the need to Asia and the South-West Pacific, the Association felt ensure that effective interfaces existed between warning strongly that a more visible and active presence of the systems and the public. office in the Region was desirable. That would enable the office to improve the support for existing and probable 14. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE new Members in the Region, and to provide more effec­ SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC (agenda item 14) tive coordination with other regional and sub-regional 14.1 The Association reviewed the work of the organizations such as SPREP, the South Pacific Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific since Commission, and ASEAN. Without expressing a final its tenth session. It noted that the office carried out its opinion as to the location of an office within the Region, responsibilities and functions as an integral part of the Members were strongly of the view that any solution Secretariat under the direct supervision of the Secretary­ must result in more effective presence in the Region. General. The Association expressed its satisfaction with While recognizing the value of the present arrangement the efforts of the regional office in promoting the devel­ with close access to the technical departments of the opment of meteorology and operational hydrology in WMO Secretariat in Geneva, and taking into account the the Region and its appreciation to the Secretary-General economic constraints, some Members felt nonethe­ and to the staff of the office for their work during the less that the office should be within the Region. The intersessional period. Association noted with interest the offer by the Meteoro­ 14.2 The Association expressed its satisfaction with logical Service of New Zealand to host the regional office the role of the office in acting increasingly as a focal in the future, should that offer be acceptable. Other point for regional activities and in assisting Members to Members, however, were of the view that the Regional implement the regional components of the WMO Office should continue to be located in Geneva for the programmes. It noted that the office also played an present to provide the necessary focal point for interac­ important role in encouraging the involvement of tion with the rest of the Secretariat in respect of regional national authorities and regional institutions in the activities, while establishing a strong presence in the implementation of those programmes, in particular those Region, pOSSibly for example through some staff being related to environmental issues and climate change. To co-located with the SPREP Secretariat. ensure the increased effectiveness of the regional office in providing support to Members, the Association 15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS requested the Secretary-General to continue to review its (agenda item 15) functions and responsibilities with a view to enhancing its capabilities. 15.1 The following scientific lectures were presented 14.3 The Association expressed satisfaction with the during the session: efforts of the regional office to maintain close contact • The 1991-1993 ENSO event, presented by Dr J. Picaut with the Members through participation at regional (ORSTOM, New Caledonia); events and through visits which permitted it to keep • Climate change and its consequences for the South­ abreast of the activities in the fields of meteorology and West Pacific, presented by Dr J. W. Zillman (Australia); operational hydrology within the Region. It also noted • A case study of a recent tropical cyclone in the South­ that the office had been active in promoting the West Pacific, presented by Mr R. Prasad (Fiji); concept of regional cooperation in order to raise the '" Interaction of different scales in space and time level of capability of the national Meteorological and during the northern winter monsoon, presented by Hydrological Services and bridge the technology gap in Mr B. K. Cheang ·(Malaysia). meteorology and operational hydrology between the 15.2 The lectures were followed by discussions in developing and technologically advanced countries. which delegates participated. The Association agreed that the staff of the office 15.3 The Association expressed its appreciation for should continue to make every effort to strengthen the informative and interesting papers and for the able contact with Member countries, including visits to presentations. It requested its president to arrange for them, whenever necessary, in order to facilitate required scientific lectures to be presented at the next session of regional activities. the Association. 32 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS 19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (agenda item 19) 15.4 During the course of the ses.sion an informal 19.1 The principal delegates of Australia, Indonesia, meeting was held among participants so as to provide Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, USA and Vanuatu, them with an opportunity for a free exchange of views and the observer from the Marshall Islands paid tribute and the sharing of experience on matters of regional and to the Government of France, the authorities of New national concern. Members were of the view that such Caledonia and the Permanent Representative of New informal discussions should be arranged at every session Caledonia with WMO for hosting the session in such an of the Association. admirable fashion, for the splendid arrangements and the generous hospitality extended to all the participants. 16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND Appreciation was also expressed to the WMO Secretariat RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND and the local secretariat for the support that they had OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL provided to the session. RESOLUTIONS (agenda item 16) 19.2 On behalf of the host country, Mr J. P. Mac 16.1 The Association examined those of its resolu­ Veigh thanked the Government of France and the tions which were still in force at the time of the eleventh Director-General of METEO-FRANCE for their assistance session. in hosting the session. He expressed gratitude to the 16.2 The Association noted that most of its past WMO Secretariat for its support during the preparatory resolutions had been replaced by new resolutions stage as well as during the session. He also thanked the adopted during the session. It was further noted that local secretariat for its hard work and dedication. In while a few resolutions had been incorporated in the conclusion, he thanked all the participants for their good appropriate WMO publications some of the previous spirit and tolerance and hoped that they would take resolutions were still required to be kept in force. good memories of the session with them. 16.3 The results of the review of previous resolutions 19.3 The representative of the Secretary-General and recommendations are contained in Resolution 13 thanked the Government of France, the authorities of (XI-RA V). New Caledonia and the Meteorological Service of New 16.4 The Association considered that Resolution 1 Caledonia for their commendable support, the excellent (EC-XLII) on the report of the tenth session of the arrangements made and their kind hospitality. He Association need not to be kept in force. congratulated the newly-elected president and vice­ president. He also thanked the co-chairmen of the 17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS (agenda item 17) working committees and all the participants for their The Association elected Dr S. Karjoto (Indonesia) kind cooperation that had helped the session to end as president and Mr J. R. Lumsden (New Zealand) as vice­ successfully. president of WMO Regional Association V (South-West 19.4 In his closing address, the president of the Pacific). Association, Dr S. Karjoto, stated that the eleventh session of Regional Association V had been extremely 18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TWELFTH SESSION successful and he thanked the Government of France and (agenda item 18) the authorities of New Caledonia for their generous The Association took note of the offer from hospitality and the excellent support facilities provided. Indonesia to host the twelfth session of the Association He also expressed his thanks to Professor G. O. P. Obasi, in 1998. The Association, however,. expressed the desire Secretary-General of WMO, and to the staff of the WMO that the actual date and place of the next session be Secretariat, in particular the Regional Office for Asia and finalized after obtaining other offers, if any, and follow­ the South-West Pacific, for their excellent support during ing the procedures laid down in Regulation 170 of the the session. WMO General Regulations. 19.5 The session closed at 1.20 p.m. on 27 May 1994. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

RESOLUTION 1 (XI-RA V)

WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION V

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (c) To develop proposals for the full integration of NOTING: the WWW components and functions with a (1) Resolution 28 (Cg-XI) - The Third WMO Long-term view to achieving a cost-effective operation Plan, and a better supply of WWW data and prod­ (2) That major developments in science and technology ucts throughout the Region; have taken place which need to be introduced into (d) To keep abreast of developments in the field of the WWW system, meteorological data processing, observing (3) That WWW data and products are of vital techniques and telecommunications and to importance to Members in RA V for meeting the make recommendations for their application increasing requirements of users for meteorological in the Region; services, (e) To study the possible impact of new methods CONSIDERING that: and techniques on the regional structure and (1) The implementation of the WWW in the Region functions of the WWW with a view to devel­ should be kept under constant review, oping proposals for optimizing the Global (2) The introduction of the new WWW concepts will be Data-processing System, the Global Observing of great benefit to all Members in the Region, System and the Global Telecommunication (3) Full integration of the WWW functional compon­ System in the Region; ents requires careful coordination among Members (f) To study reqUirements and possibilities for of RA V and constant evaluation of the related establishing a regional weather radar network; projects, (g) To develop an action programme for the (4). The range of applications of the products of the improved exchange of WWW data and WWW to socio-economic life and development and products on the basis of stated regional to the physical environment in the Region is contin­ requirements which would include provisions ually evolving, for the generation of high-quality products by (5) The WMO Long-term Plan needs regular updating Global Data-processing System centres in the from the point of view of regional requirements, Region as well as making available data and DECIDES: products from other Regions; (1) To re-establish a Working Group on Planning and (h) To advise the president of the Association on Implementation of the WWW in Region V with the all matters concerning WWW; following terms of reference: (i) To keep under constant review the Regional (a) To monitor the progress made in the implemen­ Meteorological Telecommunication Plan and tation and operation of the WWW in the its implementation, including developments Region and advise on possible improvements in the use of satellites for data collection and and priorities for appropriate action to be distribution; carried out under the WWW Programme and V) To maintain close liaison with those bodies on the need for external support, where responsible for the implementation of IGOSS required; and related oceanographic programmes in the (b) To keep under review the action taken under Region; the required WWW implementation pro­ (2) That the working group should be composed of: gramme of the Third Long-term Plan with a • A coordinator of a Sub-group on Regional view to updating and further developing the Aspects of the Global Telecommunication programme relating to RA V and to propose an System; action programme for inclusion in the Fourth • A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global Long-term Plan; Observing System; 34 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

• A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global (d) A. West (Australia) to serve as expert on Data-processing System; meteorological radar systems (within the • A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data working group)i Management and Codes; (6) To invite Members of the Association to nominate • Other experts as nominated by Membersi experts to serve on the working group and on the with the terms of reference of the sub-group and GTS sub-group; the following experts were nomi­ the rapporteurs as indicated in the annex to this nated during the session as experts on the Sub-group resolution; on theGTS: (3) To designate, in accordance with Regulation 32 of R. Diaz (USA) the WMO General Regulations, R. R. Brook Kevin Alder (New Zealand) (Australia) as chairman of the working grouPi Wong Teo Swan (Singapore) (4) To designate M. J. Hassett (Australia) as coordinator Abdul HaHm Haji Lamat (Brunei Darussalam) of the sub-group; (7) To request the chairman of the working group to (5) To invite: submit progress reports at yearly intervals to the (a) Mike Pointer (New Zealand) to serve as president of the Association and a final report not Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of the later than six months before the twelfth session of Global Observing Systemi the Association. (b) Lim Tian Kway (Singapore) to serve as Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of the Global Data-processing System; (c) Edward Young, ]r (USA) to serve as Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of Data Management NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 2 (X-RA V), and Codes; which is no longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 1 (XI-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION V

The terms of reference of the sub-group and rappor­ geostationary satellites for data collection teurs nominated under Resolution 1 (XI-RA V) are as and distribution; follows: (vi) To monitor and report on the operation of (a) Sub-group on Regional Aspects of the Global meteorological telecommunications in Telecommunication System Region V and to formulate appropriate (i) To keep abreast of developments in new recommendations; telecommunication technology and eqUip­ (vii) To advise and report to the chairman of the ment and to study their possible adaptation working group on regional meteorological to the requirements for an efficient regional telecommunication problems; meteorological telecommunication system in (viii) To deSignate an expert to represent the Region V, as well as the advantages to Region at sessions of the CBS Working Group be derived from communication space tech­ on Telecommunications; niques including meteorological satellites; (b) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global (ii) To formulate recommendations on regional Observing System activities relating to the World Weather (i) To keep abreast of developments in new Watch telecommunication system in observing systems, i.e. meteorological satel­ Region Vi lites, surface-based remote sensors and (iii) To formulate recommendations for the profilers, ASDAR, ASAP and drifting coordination of the implementation of tele­ buoys; communication facilities and techniques, if (ii) To review and make proposals regarding the required; design of the regional basic synoptic network (iv) To study problems and develop improved in the light of spacing reqUirements stipu­ and cost-effective arrangements relating to lated in the WMO Long-term Plan; the exchange of observational data and (iii) To follow-up the operational experience of processed information, both in pictorial and Members in the Region on the use of new digital form, within Region V and outside it; observing systems and to formulate recom­ (v) To keep under review the regional meteoro­ mendations; logical telecommunication plan, particularly (iv) To advise and report to the chairman of the as regards developments in the capabilities of working group on problem areas in the RESOLUTION 2 35

regional observing systems and on new and codes and conversion between formats developments in observing techniques, and codes; including information on instruments and (ii) To keep under review data and product selec­ sensors in the operational systems; tion and presentation to reCipients (NMCs); (v) To represent the Region at sessions of the CBS (iii) To collect information on the level of quality Working Group on Observations; control of data and products; (c) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global (iv) To review the WWW data and product recov­ Data-processing System ery procedures in case of major outages of (i) To keep abreast of developments in data­ key facilities; processing equipment and techniques which (v) To conduct both real-time and non-real-time could be beneficially introduced at national monitoring of the entire WWW Programme and regional centres to improve their opera­ in the Region; tional capability both within the WWW (vi) To provide information on the operation of system and in related areas; the entire WWW Programme in the Region, (ii) To formulate recommendations for coordi­ taking into account the requirements of nated implementation of data-processing Members; facilities and techniques at GDPS, GTS and (vii) To keep under review the existing regional other centres and, if required, for multi­ meteorological codes for Region V and to purpose use; develop new codes or recommend changes to (iii) To advise and report to the chairman of the existing regional codes, as required; working group on all matters concerning (viii) To take action on coding problems assigned data-processing activities in the Region; by the president of the regional association, (iv) To represent the Region at sessions of the CBS in particular, compliance with existing agreed Working Group on Data Processing; coding practices; (d) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data (ix) To represent the Region at sessions of the CBS Management and Codes Working Group on Data Management or its (i) To keep under review data and information Sub-group on Data Representation and presentation, including exchange formats Codes, as appropriate.

RESOLUTION 2 (XI-RA V) REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), URGES Members: NOTING: (1) To spare no effort in their endeavours to secure, at (1) Resolution 3 (X-RA V) - Regional basic synoptic the earliest date pOSSible, full implementation of the network, network of stations and observational programmes (2) The World Weather Watch Programme 1992-2001 - set forth in the annex to this resolution; Third WMO Long-term Plan, Part II, Volume 1 (WMO­ (2) To comply fully with the standard times of observa­ No. 761), paragraphs 80 and 81, tion, the global and regional coding procedures and (3) The Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO­ data collection standards, as laid down in the WMO No. 544), Volume I, Part III, Regulations 2.1.4, 2.1.5 Technical Regulations and the Manuals on the Global and 2.1.6 and the definition of the regional basic Observing System, on Codes and on the Global synoptic network, Telecommunication System; CONSIDERING that the establishment and maintenance of AumORIZES the president of the Association to approve, at a regional basic synoptic network of surface and upper­ the request of the Members concerned and in consultation air synoptic stations, adequate to meet the requirements with the Secretary-General, minor amendments to the list of of Members and of the World Weather Watch, constitute stations in accordance with the procedures laid down in the one of the most important obligations of Members under Manual on the Global Observing System, Volume II - Regional Article 2 of the WMO Convention, Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific). DECIDES that the stations and observational programmes listed in the annex to this resolution constitute the NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 3 (X-RA V), regional basic synoptic network of Region V; which is no longer in force. 36 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 2 (XI-RA V) REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

Observations Observations

'1:1 ~ '1:1 '1:1 ;: ;: ;: '";:: ~ .~ Q ~ .~ Q ;:: ~ Q ~ Q ~ S Q ~ <:: ~ <:: ~ :e .5 1 1 .s 1 1::1 III Station name III= ~ ~ III Station name III= ~ ~

48601 PENANG / BAYAN LEPAS X X X 91338 SATAWAN ATOLL AWS, 615 KOTABHARU X X X CAROLINE ISLANDS X 620 SITIAWAN X 339 LUKUNOR ATOLL, 647 KUALA LUMPUR / SUBANG X X X CAROLINE ISLANDS X 657 KUANTAN X X X 343 OROLUK ATOLL AWS, 665 MALACCA X CAROLINE ISLANDS X 698 SINGAPORE / CHANGI AIRPORT X X X 347 POHNPEI AWS (WIND 91066 MIDWAY ISLAND X PROFILER) CAROLINE IS. X 91155 FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS X 348 PONAPE, CAROLINE IS. X X X 158 PRINCEVILLE, KAUAI, HAWAII X 352 PINGELAP ATOLL AWS, 159 KEKAHA, KAUAI, HAWAII X CAROLINE IS. X 163 PORT ALLEN AIRPORT, KAUAI, 353 PINGELAP ATOLL, CAROLINE IS. X HAWAII X 355 KOSRAE ATOLL AWS, 165 LIHUE, KAUAI, HAWAII X X X CAROLINE IS. X 166 MAKAHUENA POINT, KAUAI, 356 LELU, KOSRAE ATOLL, HAWAII X CAROLINE IS. X 168 KAPAA, KAUAI, HAWAII X 365 UJAE ATOLL AWS, MARSHALL IS. X 182 HONOLULU, OAHU, HAWAII X 366 KWAJALEIN / BUCHOLZ AAF, 186 MOLOKAI, MOLOKAI, HAWAII X MARSHALL IS. X X X 190 KAHULUI AIRPORT, MAUl, 367 AILINGLAPALAP ATOLL, HAWAII X MARSHALL IS. X 194 KAHOOLAWE, HAWAII X 368 AILINGLAPLAP, MARSHALL IS. X 91203 FALALOP ISLAND (CG), 369 JALUIT ATOLL, MARSHALL IS. X ULITHI ATOLL X 371 WOTJE ATOLL, MARSHALL IS. X 204 ULITHI, ULITHI ATOLL, 376 MAJURO / MARSHALL IS. INTNL. X X X CAROLINE IS. X 377 MILI ATOLL AWS, MARSHALL IS. X 212 AGANA / NAS, GUAM, 378 MILI ATOLL, MARSHALL IS. X MARIANA IS. X 91408 KOROR, PALAU IS. X X X 217 GUAM, MARIANA IS. X X X 411 NGULU, CAROLINE IS. X 218 ANDERSEN AFB, GUAM, 413 YAP, CAROLINE IS. X X X MARIANA IS. X 425 NUKUORO ATOLL, CAROLINE IS. X 221 ROTA, MARIANA ISLANDS X 434 KAPINGAMARANGI ATOLL, 222 PAGAN ISLAND AWS, CAROLINE IS. X MARIANA IS. X 91503 MUNDA X 231 TINIAN, MARIANA ISLANDS X 507 AUK! X 232 SAIPAN (CG), MARIANA IS. X 517 HONIARA X X 245 WAKE ISLAND AIRFIELD, 520 HONIARA / HENDERSON X WAKE ISLAND X X X 541 SANTACRUZ X 250 ENEWETAK, MARSHALL IS X 530 NAURU AIRPORT X X 251 ENIWETAK ATOLL AWS, 533 BANABA X MARSHALL IS. X 551 SOLA (YANUA LAVA) X 259 UTIRIK ATOLL AWS, 554 PEKOA AIRPORT (SANTO) X MARSHALL IS. X 555 LAMAP (MALEKULA) X 275 JOHNSTON ISLAND X 557 BAUERFIELD (EFATE) X X X 285 HILO / GEN. LYMAN, HAWAII, 565 BURTONFIELD (TANNA) X HAWAII X X X 568 ANElTYUM X 287 CAPE KUMUKAHI, HAWAII X 570 ILE SURPRISE X 294 SOUTH POINT, HAWAII X 574 ILE LOOP (CHESTERFIELD) X 91310 FARAULEP ISLAND AWS, 577 KOUMAC (NLLE-CALEDONIE) X CAROLINE IS. X 582 OUANAHAM (ILE LIFOU) X 317 . WOLEAI ATOLL, CAROLINE IS. X 592 NOUMEA (NLLE-CALEDONIE) X X X 328 ULUL AWS, CAROLINE IS. X 598 MATIHEW (lLOT) X 334 TRUK, CAROLINE IS. X X X 91601 BUTARITARI X RESOLUTION 2 37

Observations Observations '1:S ~ '1:S ~ ;:: .~ ~ I: ~ 1 Ii! .~ Q ~ .9 ~ ~ .9 ~ .s ~ 1 ~.s ~ ~ Station name ~ 1::0:; ~ ~ ~ Station name ~ ~ 1::0:;

91610 TARAWA X X X 91952 MURUROA X 623 BERU X 954 TUBUAI X 629 ARORAE X 958 RAPA X X X 631 NANUMEA X 960 PITCAIRN X X X 636 NUl X 93004 CAPEREINGA X 643 FUNAFUTI X X X 012 KAITAIA X 648 NIULAKITA X 023 PURERUA X 650 ROTUMA X 069 MOKOHINAU AWS X 652 UNDUPOINT X 93110 AUCKLAND AIRPORT X 659 NAMBOUWALU X 112 WHENUAPAI X 660 YASAWA-I-RARA X 186 TAURANGA AERO AWS X 676 VANUA MBALAVU IS. X 196 HICKS BAY AWS X 680 NANDI X X X 93245 TAUPOAWS X 683 NAUSORI X 291 GISBORNE AERODROME X 691 LAKEMBA X 292 GISBORNE AERODROME AWS X 693 VUNISEA X 93305 MAUl A PLATFORM X 697 MATUKU X 308 NEW PLYMOUTH AERODROME X 699 ONO-I-LAU X 309 NEW PLYMOUTH AWS X 91701 KANTON ISLAND X X X 373 NAPIER AERODROME AWS X 720 ATAFU X 93404 PALMERSTON NORTH AWS X 723 NUKUNONU X 417 PARAPARAUMU AERODROME X X X 724 NUKUNONO X 498 CASTLEPOINT X 727 FENUAFALA / FAKAOFO X 93527 FAREWELL SPIT AWS X 753 HIHIFO (ILE WALLIS) X 93614 HOKITIKA AERODROME X 754 MAOPOOPO (lLE FUTUNA) X 615 HOKITIKA AERODROME AWS X 755 AVATA AWS, WESTERN SAMOA X 678 KAIKOURA X 757 AVAO AWS, WESTERN SAMOA X 93709 HAASTAWS X 762 APIA X 773 TIMARU AERODROME AWS X 763 CAPE TAPANGA AWS, 781 CHRISTCHURCH AIRPORT X WESTERN SAMOA X 93800 SECRETARY ISLAND AWS X 764 CAPE TAPUTAPU AWS, 805 PUYSEGUR POINT AWS X AMERICAN SAMOA X 831 QUEENSTOWN AERODROME X 765 PAGO PAGO / INT. AIRPORT X X X 844 INVERCARGILL AERODROME X X X 766 CAPE MATATULA AWS, 896 TAIAROA HEAD X AMERICAN SAMOA X 93909 SOUTH WEST CAPE AWS X 768 TA'U AWS, AMERICAN SAMOA X 929 ENDERBY ISLAND AWS X 776 KEPPEL X 944 CAMPBELL ISLAND X X X 780 VAVAU X 945 CAMPBELL ISLAND AWS X 784 HAAPAI X 986 CHATHAM ISLAND X X X 792 FUA'AMOTU X X 987 CHATHAM ISLANDS AWS X 91800 PENRHYN X 994 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS. X 801 PENRHYN X 997 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS. X X X 804 RAKAHANGA X 94001 KlUNGA X 811 PUKAPUKA X 003 DARU X 822 ALOFI/NIUE X 004 WEWAK X 91826 PALMERSTON X 014 MADANGM.O. X X X 830 AITUTAKI X X 035 PORT MORESBY M.O. X X X 840 MAUKE X 044 MOMOTEM.O. X X X 843 RAROTONGA X X X 047 NADZABM.O. X X 847 MANGAIA ISLAND X 076 KAVIENG M.O. X X 91902 MALDEN ISLAND (NORPAX) X X X 077 ALOTAU (GURNEY) M.O. X 925 ATUONA X X X 085 RABAULM.O. X 930 BORA-BORA X 087 MISIMAM.O. X X 938 TAHITI-FAAA X X X 097 KlETAM.O. X 943 TAKAROA X 94101 KALUMBURU X 944 HAO X X X 102 TROUGHTON ISLAND X 945 HEREHERETUE X 103 BROWSE ISLAND AWS X 948 RIKITEA X X X 105 SCOTT REEF AWS X 38 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Observations Observations

Station name Station name

94111 PORT KEATS AWS x 94448 LEONORA X 120 DARWIN AIRPORT X X X 451 CARNEGIE X 122 BATHURST ISLAND AWS X 461 GILES X X X 132 KATHERINE X 466 KULGERA X 146 ELCHO ISLAND X 477 MARLA X 147 CAPE WESSEL AWS X 480 MARREE X 150 GOVE AIRPORT X X X 482 BIRDSVILLE X 151 NORTH EAST IS. AWS X 488 WINDORAH X 170 WEIPA X x 492 THARGOMINDAH X 175 THURSDAY ISLAND X 94500 CUNNAMULLA X 184 COEN AIRPORT X 510 CHARLEVILLE AIRPORT X X X 185 COEN X 515 ROMA X 94200 MANDORA X 527 MOREE X X X 203 BROOME AIRPORT X X X 578 BRISBANE AIRPORT X X X 205 DERBY X 94601 CAPE LEEUWIN X 207 ROWLEY SHOALS AWS X 610 PERTH AIRPORT X X X 211 MT BARNETT X 634 SOUTHERN CROSS X 212 HALLS CREEK AIRPORT X X 635 LAKE GRACE X 214 WYNDHAM X 637 KALGOORLIE AIRPORT X X X 238 TENNANT CREEK AIRPORT X X 638 ESPERANCE X X X 248 CENTRE ISLAND X 643 BALGAIR X 255 CAMOOWEAL X 646 FORREST AIRPORT X X X 267 NORMANTON X 649 COOK X 268 KOWANYAMA X 653 CEDUNA AIRPORT X X 275 GEORGETOWN X 659 WOOMERA AERODROME X X X 283 COOKTOWN X 666 PORT AUGUSTA X 287 CAIRNS AIRPORT X X 672 ADELAIDE AIRPORT X X X 290 FLINDERS REEF AWS X 689 BROKEN HILL X 294 TOWNSVILLE AIRPORT X X X 693 MILDURA AIRPORT X X 296 LIHOU REEF AWS X 94700 HlLLSTON X 298 MARION REEF AWS X 711 COBAR X X X 299 WILLIS ISLAND X X X 719 DUBBO X 94300 CARNARVON AIRPORT X X 750 NOWRA AIR STATION X X X 302 LEARMONTH AIRPORT X X X 767 SYDNEY AIRPORT X X X 312 PORT HEDLAND AIRPORT X X X 776 WILLIAMTOWN AERODROME X X X 313 WITTENOOM X 791 COFFS HARBOUR AIRPORT X X 322 RABBIT FLAT X 94802 ALBANY AIRPORT X X X 324 YUENDUMU X 804 NEPTUNE ISLAND X 326 ALICE SPRINGS X X X 821 MT GAMBIER AIRPORT X X X 332 MT ISAAIRPORT X X X 827 NHILL X 333 BOULIA X 842 CAPE OTWAY X 340 RICHMOND X 851 CURRIE X 346 LONGREACH AIRPORT X X 861 ECHUCA X 355 TAMBO X 865 LAVERTON AERODROME X X X 363 EMERALD X 893 WILSONS PROMONTORY X 366 BOWEN X 94907 EAST SALE AERODROME X X 367 MACKAY X X 910 WAGGA AIRPORT X X X 372 PINE ISLET X 926 CANBERRA AIRPORT X 374 ROCKHAMPTON AIRPORT X X X 933 GABO ISLAND X 380 GLADSTONE X 940 POINT PERPENDICULAR X 388 LADY ELLIOT ISLAND X 954 CAPE GRIM B.A.P.S. X 393 FREDERICK REEF AWS X 956 STRAHAN AIRPORT AWS X 394 CATO ISLAND AWS X 967 CAPE BRUNY X 94402 DENHAM X 968 LAUNCESTON AIRPORT X X 403 GERALDTON AIRPORT X X X 975 HOBART AIRPORT X X X 428 MT MAGNET X 983 EDDYSTONE POINT X 430 MEEKATHARRA AIRPORT X X 995 LORD HOWE ISLAND X X x 445 YAMARNA X 996 NORFOLK ISLAND AIRPORT X X X RESOLUTION 2 39

Observations Observations 1 1 Q :s :g ] Station name I I Station name ~. -.

94998 MACQUARIE ISLAND x X X 97192 BAU-BAU / BETO AMBIRI X 95314 NEWMAN X 97230 DENPASAR / NGURAH-RAI X 96009 LHOKSEUMAWE / 260 SUMBAWA BESAR / MALIKUSSALEH X SUMBAWA BESAR X 011 BANDA ACEH / BLANGBINTANG X X 270 BIMA X 035 MEDAN / POLONIA X X X 97300 MAUMERE / WAI OTI X 073 SIBOLGA / PINANGSORI X 340 WAINGAPU / MAU HAU X 091 TANJUNGPINANG / KIJANG X 372 KUPANG / EL TARI X X X 96109 PAKANBARU / SIMPANGTIGA X 385 OE-CUSSE / OE CUSSE X 145 TAREMPA X 390 DILLI / DILLI AIRPORT X 147 RANAI / RANAI X X 97430 TERNATE / BABULLAH X 163 PADANG / TABING X X X 460 LABUHA / TALIABU X 179 SINGKEP / DABO X 97502 SORONG / JEFMAN X X 195 JAMBI / SULTAN TAHA X 530 MANOKWARI / RENDANI X 96221 PALEMBANG / TALANGBETUTU X 560 BIAK / MOKMER X X X 237 PANGKALPINANG / 580 SARMI X PANGKALPINANG X X X 97600 SANANA X 249 TANJUNGPANDAN / BULUH 686 WAMENA / WAMENA X TUMBANG X 690 JAYAPURA / SENTANI X 253 BENGKULU / 97724 AMBON / PATTIMURA X X X PADANGKEMILING X 748 GESER X 295 TELUKBETUNG / BERANTI X 760 KAIMANA / UTAROM X 96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT X X X 796 KOKONAO / TIMUKA X 96413 KUCHING X X X 97810 TUAL / DUMATUBUN X 421 SIBU X 876 TANAH MERAH / TANAH 441 BINTULU X X X MERAH X 449 MIRI X 97900 SAUMLAKI X X 465 LABUAN X 980 MERAUKE / MOPAH X 471 KOTA KINABALU X X X 98133 CALAYAN X 481 TAWAU X X X 135 BASCO X 491 SANDAKAN X 98223 LAOAG X X X 96509 TARAKAN / JUWATA X X X 232 APARRI X 581 PONTIANAK / SUPADIO X 98325 DAGUPAN X 96633 BALIKPAPAN / SEPINGGAN X 328 BAGUIO X 645 PANGKALAN BUN / ISKANDAR X X X 329 MUNOZ X 655 PALANGKARAYA / PANARUNG X 336 CASIGURAN X 685 BANJARMASIN / 98429 NINOY AQUINO INTER- SYAMSUDDIN NOOR X NATIONAL AIRPORT X X X 96749 JAKARTA / SOEKARNOHATTA X X X 431 CALAPAN X 781 BANDUNG / HUSEIN X 440 DAET X 96805 CILACAP X 444 LEGASPI X X 839 SEMARANG / AHMADYANI X 98526 CORON X 96933 SURABAYA / PERAK X X X 531 SAN JOSE X 935 SURABAYA / JUANDA X X X 536 ROMBLON X 995 CHRISTMAS ISLAND AIRPORT X 543 MASBATE X 996 COCOS ISLAND AIRPORT X X X 550 TACLOBAN X 97014 MENADO / DR. SAM 98618 PUERTO PRINCESA X X RATULANGI X X X 630 CUYO X 028 TOLI-TOLI / LALOS X 637 ILOILO X 048 GORONTALO / JALALUDDIN X 646 MACTAN X X X 072 PALU / MUTIARA X X 653 SURIGAO X 086 LUWUK / BUBUNG X 98741 DIPOLOG X 096 POSO / KASIGUNCU X 747 LUMBIA AIRPORT X 97120 MAJENE X 748 CAGAYAN DE ORO X 146 KENDARI / WOLTERMONGINSIDI X 753 DAVAO AIRPORT X X 180 UJUNG PANDANG / 755 HINATUAN X HASANUDDIN X X X 98836 ZAMBOANGA X X X 40 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

RESOLUTION 3 OCI-RA V) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GTS, VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), DECIDES that the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region V (South­ NOTING: West Pacific) be amended as indicated in the annex to (1) Resolution 2 (Cg-XI) - World Weather Watch this resolution; Programme for 1992-1995, AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, in (2) The Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, consultation with the Secretary-General, minor amend­ Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West ments to the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, Pacific), Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific)i CONSIDERING the need to update the Regional Meteoro­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General of WMO to include the logical Telecommunication Network for Region V amended text given in the annex to this resolution in the (South-West Pacific) to meet the data exchange require­ Manual on the Global Telecommunication System, Volume II, ments of Members of Region V, Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific), Part I.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 3 (XI-RA V) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GTS, VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

Part I. Organization of the Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Plan for Region V (South-West Pacific) (1) 3.4 Zones of responsibility of RTHs for collection of observational data Replace the text by the following: liThe RTHs in the Region have the following zones of responsibility/associated NMCs:

NameofRTH Zone of responsibility/associated NMCs

Melbourne Australia and outlying islands, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji*, French Polynesia, Indonesia, Kiribati, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga*, Tuvalu*, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna*, Western Samoa* Wellington New Zealand and outlying islands, Cook Islands, Niue, Pitcairn, Tokelau

(2) 3.5 Configuration of the regional meteorological telecommunication network Replace Figure 1-Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region V (South-West Pacific) by the new figure (see following page).

• Contingent upon the implementation of the Nadi-Melbourne link r------, 1""------, : . BANGKOK I I TOKYO ~ I RTH I : RSMC/RTH I L------r---··--.JI I ---- ...... -L ___ _ ------~~~;N~~;l --- ,-____---,. _------I WMC/RTH I HONOLULU J._ ...... -L ----- _.J

KUALA LUMPUR PORT VILA

SINGAPORE NADI ASMC PROPOSED RSMC DARWIN Iw RSMC LEGEND

--- MTN JAKARTA ___ Regional circuit ______Inter-regional NOUMEA circuits .------, AFTN shared NEW DELHI I _._._.- circuit RSMC/RTH ~~~~~ .. L ______.J ......

~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ WELLINGTON ~~~ WMC/RTH RTH PAPEETE

RECOMMENDED REGIONAL METEOROLOGiCAl TELECOMMUNICATION PLAN FOR REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) """'""' 42 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

RESOLUTION 4 (XI-RA V) MODIFICATIONS TO REGIONAL REGULATIONS OF FM 12-IX EXT. SYNOP AND FM 13-IX EXT. SHIP TO MEET ADDITIONAL DATA REQUIREMENTS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), CONSIDERING that CBS has adopted global standard procedures for reporting additional data requirements in NOTING: Section 3 of SYNOP/SHIP codes, (1) Recommendation 13 (CBS-Ext. (90)) - Proposed DECIDES to establish regional coding procedures for modifications to regulations of FM 12-IX SYNOP and reporting twenty-four hour rainfall; FM 13-IX SHIP and minor modifications to regula­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General of WMO to include the tions of I'M 63-IX BATHY and FM 64-IX TESAC, relevant amendment to the regional coding procedures (Z) Manual on Codes, Volume II, in Chapter V of Volume II of the Manual on Codes.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 4 (XI-RA V) MODIFlCATIONS.TO REGIONAL REGULATIONS OF FM 12-IX EXT. SYNOP AND FM 13-IX EXT. SHIP TO MEET ADDITIONAL DATA REQUIREMENTS

A-I INTERNATIONAL CODES FORMS, ending at the time of observation, in tenths of a NOTES AND REGULATIONS FM 12-IX millimetre (coded 9998 for 999.8 mm or more, and EXT. SYNOP AND FM 13-IX EXT. SHIP coded 9999 for trace)

Insert: 5/12.11.1 5/1Z.1i Group (7 R24 RZ4 R24 R24) The inclusion of group 7 R24 RZ4 R24 R24 This group shall be used to report the total in Section 3 of the synoptic report shall be left to amount of precipitation during the 24 hour period national decision.

RESOLUTION 5 (XI-RA V) RA V TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN OCEAN

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), for the South Pacific and South-East Indian NOTING: Ocean, (1) Resolution 6 (Cg-XI) - Tropical Cyclone (7) Sections concerning the Tropical Cyclone Pro­ Programme, gramme in Part I (Overall policy and strategy) and (2) Resolution 2816 (XXVI) of the General Assembly of Vol. 1 of Part II (detailed plans) of the Third WMO the United Nations - Assistance in case of natural Long-term Plan, disaster and other disaster situations, CONSIDERING the need for the countries in the South (3) Resolution 2914 (XXVII) of the General Assembly of Pacific and adjacent areas affected by tropical cyclones to the United Nations - International action for the continue to work together to accelerate action to reduce mitigation of the harmful effects of storms, the loss of human life and damage caused each year by (4) Resolution 3Z34 (XXIX) of the General Assembly of tropical cyclones and associated phenomena, the United Nations - International cooperation in DECIDES: the peaceful uses of outer space, (1) To re-establish a working group to be known as the (5) Resolutions 42/169, 43/20Z, 44/236, 45/185 and RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South 46/149 of the General Assembly of the United Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean with the Nations - International Decade for Natural Disaster following terms of reference: Reduction, (a) To promote and coordinate the planning and (6) With appreciation the final report of the fourth implementation of measures for the improve­ session of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee ment of cyclone warning systems and related RESOLUTION 5 43

meteorological services and the facilitation the South Pacific, in particular with the of efforts to minimize loss of life, human suf­ Department of Humanitarian Mfairs (DHA), fering and damage caused by tropical cyclones the United Nations Development Programme and related natural hazardous phenomena (UNDP), the South Pacific Regional En­ in the tropical part of Region V south of the vironment Programme (SPREP) Secretariat, the equator; International Federation of Red Cross and Red (b) To review regularly the status of tropical Crescent Societies (IFRC), the South Pacific cyclone and flood warning systems in the Commission (SPC), the South Pacific Forum South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre and recommend measures for the develop­ (ADPC); ment or improvement of these systems. In (d) To seek through appropriate channels finan­ doing this, special attention should be given cial and technical support for the programme to the promotion and coordination of: activities listed under (b) abovej (i) Upgrading the capabilities of tropical (e) To coordinate its activities with all other activ­ cyclone warning centres (TCWCs) in the ities carried out as a part of or in conjunction Region; with the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme, (ii) Upgrading meteorological telecommuni­ including the RA I Tropical Cyclone cation facilities; Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean, (iii) Upgrading the national Meteorological the ESCAPjWMO Typhoon Committee, the Services in the Region to improve the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones for efficiency and timeliness of broadcast of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, the readily-understandable tropical cyclone RA IV Hurricane Committee and, in respect of and storm-surge warnings to all those at flood warnings, with the RA V Working Group risk; on Hydrology; (iv) Upgrading the meteorological observing (2) To invite the following Members of RA V to nomi- systems in the Region, including weather nate experts to serve on the working group: radar and facilities for reception of appro­ Australia Papua New Guinea priate satellite information, as reqUired Fiji Solomon Islands for tropical cyclone warning services; French Polynesia United Kingdom (v) Establishing or upgrading national facil­ Indonesia United States of America ities for monitoring and forecasting New Caledonia Vanuatu flooding associated with tropical New Zealand cyclones; (3) To invite France and the following Pacific island (vi) Maintaining or establishing ongoing countries to designate experts to participate in the national public education programmes work of the group: about tropical cyclones; Cook Islands Tokelau (vii) Upgrading arrangements for the rapid Kiribati Tonga dissemination of tropical cyclone, flood . Micronesia Tuvalu and storm surge warnings to all those at Niue Western Samoa risk; (4) To designate, in accordance with Regulation 32 of (viii) Establishing or upgrading national facil­ the WMO General Regulations, S. C. Ready (New ities for collection, archival, retrieval and Zealand) as chairman of the committee; processing of meteorological and hydro­ REQUESTS the chairman of the committee to submit logical data as needed for assessment of reports biennially to the president of the Association and risk of loss due to wind, storm surge, a final report not later than six months before the floods and other cyclone-related events twelfth session of RA V; and for other purposes; REQUESTS the Secretary-General: (ix) Training of meteorological and hydro" (1) To convene biennial sessions of the committee; logical personnel, including technicians; (2) To take the necessary steps to assist the committee (x) Establishing or upgrading national dis­ and to ensure the provision of appropriate aster prevention and preparedness Secretariat support to its activities. measures for tropical cyclones; (xi) Meteorological research on tropical cyclones and preparation of tropical cyclone reports; (c) To coordinate its activities with those of other international bodies concerned with disaster NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 11 (X-RA V), mitigation and economic development in which is no longer in force. 44 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

RESOLUTION 6 (XI-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE MATTERS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), arrangements necessary to ensure that this NOTING: capability is channelled effectively to the (1) The reports of its Rapporteurs on Climate Data NMHSSi Management and on Regional Aspects of the World (g) To keep under review studies and projects Climate Application Programme, concerning the Region on the assessment of (2) Resolution 28 (Cg-XI) - The Third WMO Long-term the socio-economic impacts of climate and Plan, climate changei (3) The Abridged final report of the eleventh session of the (h) To keep under review the development of Commission for Climatology (WMO-No. 791), climate change assessments provided by IPCC (4) Decisions made on climate-related issues by Cg-XI and the implementation of the UN Framework (1991) and by the Executive Council, including Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and those of EC-XLIV on the follow-up of UNCED and to make recommendations on relevant action EC-XLV on the outcome of the Intergovernmental which may be required in the Regioni Meeting on the World Climate Programme (Geneva, (i) To liaise with relevant GCOS bodies, critically 14-16 April 1993), review reports on GCOS and make recom­ (5) The negotiation and signing by most WMO mendations on its implementation in the Members of the United Nations Framework Region based as far as possible on existing Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) during networks and systemsi UNCED and the subsequent entry into force of the (2) To select the following experts to serve on the work­ Convention, ing group in the capacities indicated: CONSIDERING the need for the Association to expand its • Expert to be nominated by Malaysia - activities on climate-related matters of special import­ Rapporteur on Regional Climate Data ance to the Region, Management including CLICOM and DAREi DECIDES: (1) To establish a Working Group on Climate Matters • K. Thulasidas (Singapore) - Rapporteur on with the following terms of reference: Climate Data Sets for Climate Change (a) To keep abreast of the climate-related national Detectioni and international activities, in particular those • Expert to be nominated by Brunei Darrusalam undertaken by Members in Region V and - Rapporteur on Climate and Climate Change within the World Climate Programme and Impact Assessmentsi other climate-related programmesi (b) To advise on the improvement of climate data • J. W. Zillman (Australia) - Rapporteur on exchange and on the development of regional Climate Change Issues, including IPCC climate observing networks, including a Assessments and the FCCC Implementationi regional reference climatological station • D. J. Gauntlett (Australia) - Rapporteur on networki GCOS, including Liaison with Appropriate (c) To address problems faced by Members in GCOS Bodiesi collecting, processing and archiving climato­ logical observations and facilitate transfer of (3) To invite Members of the Association to nominate advice on the improvement of climate data other experts to serve on the working group, in management systems, including CLICOM, and particular in the capacities of: on data rescue (DARE) projectsi • Rapporteur on Regional Climate Observing (d) To keep under review the development of Networksi climate data sets, in particular reference data sets to be used for climate change detection, • Rapporteur on Climate Applications and especially on the regional scalei Services, including Provision of Climate (e) To promote the transfer of knowledge on exist­ Predictionsi ing and new applications of climatological AUTHORIZES the president of the Association, in accord­ data and products (including seasonal fore­ ance with General Regulation 32, to select the chairman casts) in the Region, and on the ways and of the working grouPi means to provide climate servicesi REQUESTS the chairman of the working group to submit (f) To review the progress in research aimed annual progress reports to the president of the at predictive capability on seasonal to Association and a final report not later than six months interannual time scales as well as the before the twelfth session of the Association. RESOLUTIONS 7, 8 4S

RESOLUTION 7 (XI-RA V) ~APPORTEUR ON ATMOSPJlERIC OZONE

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), NOTING: (a) To survey and report on Members' efforts in (1) Resolution 13 (Cg-XI) - Atmospheric Research and establishing ozone stationsj Environment Programme, (b) To advise on the conduct of comparisons and (2) The approved outline by EC-XLI of the objectives, calibrations between both the Dobson and components, partial listing of variables "to be Brewer spectrophotometers in Region V and in measured and the summary of an appropriate role other Regionsi for WMO in the creation of the Global Atmosphere (c) To advise on the establishment of new Watch (GAW) as an "umbrella" system built on the ozonesonde stations in the Region and on experience of the Global Ozone Observing System matters relating to the monitoring of strato­ and an augmented Background Air Pollution spheric ozone by meteorological satellites and Monitoring Network, the monitoring of surface ozonei CONSIDERING: (d) To assist Members in the exchange of informa­ (1) The present impetus of scientific research on tion and experiencei environmental issues} in particular, on matters (e) To assist in carrying out cooperative research concerning the depletion of the ozone layer, projects on ozone within Region Vi (2) The wide interest in the monitoring of variables of (f) To maintain liaison with the Dobson and atmospheric composition and related physical Brewer Central Laboratories. characteristics, including ozone and related trace (2) To invite P. Lehmann (Australia) to serve as the gases, that Members participating in existing net­ Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozonei works already have, (3) To request the rapporteur to submit to the president DECIDES: of the Association an interim report by the end of (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone 1996 and a final report before the next session of the with the following terms of reference: Association.

RESOLUTION 8 (XI-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), husbandry and forestry and to foster collaboration NOTING: with the user communityi (1) Resolution 16 (Cg-XI) - Agricultural Meteorology DECIDES: Programme, (1) To establish a Working Group on Agricultural (2) The report of the tenth session of CAgM, Meteorology with members serving as rapporteurs (3) Resolution 16 (X-RA V) - Working Group on for specific tasks and with the following terms of Agricultural Meteorology, reference: (4) The recommendations of the Working Group on (a) To keep Members informed of the developments Agricultural Meteorology, in agricultural meteorology, forestry, drought CONSIDERING: and desertification of interest to the Regioni (1) The importance of agriculture to the economic (b) To advise the president of RA V on all matters development of Members in the Region, concerning agricultural meteorology, includ­ (2) The impact of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation ing forestry, drought and desertificationi (ENSO) on agriculture and forestry, (c) To continue to work in close collaboration (3) The need for definition of agrometeorological With the activities of the Working Groups on information required for crops of particular interest Agricultural Meteorology of Regions III and Iv, to the Region, especially on studies relating to impacts of (4) The use of remote-sensing applications to ENSO on agriculture and forestryi agriculture, (d) To undertake the following tasks: URGES Members: • Definition of Agrometeorological In­ (1) To undertake studies on crops and animals of formation Required for Fruit and Pulse regional interesti Crops (2) To establish National Agrometeorological Commit­ (i) To describe in quantitative terms agIO­ tees to strengthen the applicatipn of meteorological meteorological information required knowledge and information to agriculture, animal by users for both planning and 46 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

operational management of the fol­ and make recommendations for the lowing crops: establishment of suitable data banks - Avocado at the national!regionallevelj - Pineapple • Development of national/regional early - Mango warning systems - Bread Fruit (i) To review and summarize available - Rape Seed methodologies for early warning - Cowpea systems at the national level on crop (ii) To formulate such information for production, including their advant­ different stages of crop growth and ages and disadvantagesj developqlent, from sowing to harvest (ii) To review the need for a regional early and post-harvest (storage and trans­ warning system and make appropriate port) operations in a readily usable, recommendationsj user-oriented formj • Agrometeorological aspects of irrigation (iii) To provide examples from Member (i) To review available methodologies countries of the use of such informa­ using agrometeorological data and tionj information for providing advice on (iv) To summarize in detail the social, irrigation scheduling and amount and economic and environmental benefits propose the most suitable methodo­ of such informationj logy for the Regionj (v) To identify potential contributions to (ii) To prepare a manual that could be CARS-Foodj used for training on irrigation • Impact of the El Nino-Southern Oscil­ management, using personal comput­ lation (ENSO) on agriculture, forestry erSj and fisheries: (2) To invite experts to serve on the working group as (i) To review literature and summarize rapporteurs on the following subjects: information on the impact of the El • Rapporteur on Definition of Agrometeoro­ Nino-Southern Oscillation on the logical Information Required for Avocado development of agriculture and (expert to be nominated by Indonesia)j forestry with emphasis on production • Rapporteur on Definition of Agrometeoro­ and protection and on fisheries (e.g. logical Information Required for Pineapple on migration, abundance, etc.)j (expert to be nominated by Indonesia)j (ii) To make recommendations on the use • Rapporteur on Definition of Agrometeoro­ of agrometeorological methods and logical Information Required for Mango techniques to minimize the disastrous (expert to be nominated by Indonesia)j effects of El Niflo and maximize bene­ • Rapporteur on Definition of Agrometeoro­ fits to agriculture, forestry and logical Information Required for Bread fisheriesj Fruitj • Use of remote-sensing techniques in • Rapporteur on Definition of Agrometeoro­ the estimation of solar radiation, soil logical Information Required for Rape Seedj water and vegetation index for use • Rapporteur on Definition of Agrometeoro­ in early warning systems on crop logical Information Required for Cowpeaj production • Rapporteur on the Impact of the El Nino­ (i) To review literature and provide suit­ Southern Oscillation on Agriculturej able methodologies for estimation of • Rapporteur on the Impact of the El Nino­ solar radiation, soil water and vegeta­ Southern Oscillation on Forestryj tion index which are most suited to • Rapporteur on the Impact of the El Nino­ the Regionj Southern Oscillation on Fisheriesj (ii) To indicate the advantages and dis­ • Rapporteur on use of Remote-senSing Tech­ advantages of the methodologies niques in the Estimation of Solar Radiation, proposedj Soil Water and Vegetation Index for Use in (iii) To make further recommendations on Early Warning Systems on Crop Productionj the topicj • Rapporteur on Inventory of Databases and • Inventory of databases and establish­ Establishment of Data Banksj ment of data banks • Rapporteur on Development of National! (i) To review and recommend an appro­ Regional Early Warning Systemsj priate format for making inventories • Rapporteur on Agrometeorological Aspects of of databases at the nationallevelj Irrigationj (ii) To study available data banks, espe­ (3) To deSignate M. B. de Rozari (Indonesia) as chair­ cially for agrometeorological purposes man of the working groupj RESOLUTIONS 9, 10 47

(4) To request the rapporteurs: (b) To submit a final report, comprising the indi­ (a) To prepare and submit annually to the chair­ vidual reports of the rapporteurs, to the man information on the progress of activities; president of the Regional Association not later (b) To prepare and submit a final report to the than six months before the next session of the chairman for consolidation and submission to Association. the president of the Regional Association; (5) To request the chairman: (a) To ensure, in close consultation with the pres­ ident of the Association, that the necessary NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 16 (X-RA V), rapporteurs are identified; which is no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 9 (XI-RA V) RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), Region V, including requirements for NOTING the report of the Rapporteur on Marine enhanced specialized education and training; Meteorological Services, (c) To take action on marine meteorological CONSIDERING: matters assigned by the president of RA V; (1) The need for further development of marine (el) To participate in the CMM Working Group on meteorological services in Region V, Education, Training and Implementation (2) The need to continue close liaison with CMM and Support; to participate in the work of the CMM Working (2) To invite Koo Hock Chong (Singapore) to serve as Group on Education, Training and Implementation the Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Support, Services; DECIDES: (3) To request the rapporteur to submit annual reports, (1) To reappoint a Rapporteur on Regional Marine as appropriate, to the president ofthe Association Meteorological Services with the following terms of with a final report to be presented six months prior reference: to the twelfth session of the Association; (a) To review continuously the status of the REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist the rapporteur implementation of marine meteorological in his work as appropriate. services in Region Vi (b) To formulate suggestions for the further devel­ NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 17 (X-RA V), opment of marine meteorologicaL services in which is no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 10 (XI-RA V) USE OF INMARSAT FOR THE COLLECTION OF SHIPS' METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC REPORTS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), of INMARSAT, in particular with the INMARSAT-C NOTING: facility, (1) Resolution 19 (Cg-XI) - The collection and dissem­ CONSIDERING: ination of marine meteorological and oceanographic (1) The need to increase the number of ships' meteoro­ information using INMARSAT, logical and oceanographic reports from most of the (2) The operation of Coast Earth Stations (CES) of sea areas of Region V, INMARSAT in Region V, (2) The considerable improvements to be expected in (3) The equipping of an increased number of ships the receipt of marine meteorological and oceano­ participating in the WMO Voluntary Observing graphic observations from ships at sea through the Ships (VaS) scheme with Ship Earth Stations (SES) enhanced use of the INMARSAT system, 48 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

(3) The cost-savings which will accrue to those Members URGES: collecting sl.\ch reports through INMARSAT by the (1) Members concerned to make every effort to ensure increased use of the new INMARSAT-C facility for the timely redistribution of reports collected this purpose, through INMARSAT to countries in the areas of the RECOGNIZING WITH APPRECIATION that certain Members geographical origins of those reports; operating INMARSAT CES have already arranged through (2) All Members in the Region operating VOS equipped their CES to accept ships' meteorological and oceano­ with INMARSAT-C to make every effort for these ships graphic. reports that are of general value to all Members to be supplied with the new software package for the ofWM01 compilation and transmission of meteorological reports BEING CONCERNED, however, that problems continue to through INMARSAT-C, to ensure the maximum effi­ be related to the timely redistribution to the countries ciencyand cost-effectiveness of such an operation; closest to their geographical origin of reports collected REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist Members in the through INMARSAT, implementation of this resolution.

RESOLUTION 11 (XI-RA V) PARTICIPATION IN THE JOINT IOCJWMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM (lGOSS)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (2) Enlisting more research vessels and ships-of­ NOTING: opportunity to the BATHY /TESAC and TRACKOB (1) Resolution 20 (Cg-XI) - Integrated Global Ocean operational programme and in particular encour­ Services System, aging the collection and exchange of surface and (2) The IGOSS Plan and Implementation Programme sub-surface salinity data; 1989-1995, (3) Improving ship-to-shore telecommunication (3) The Third WMO Long-term Plan, Volume II, Part 4, arrangements, in particular through the greater use Section 4.4 - The Marine Meteorology and of satellite-based telecommunication facilities; Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme, (4) Supplying expendable bathythermograph probes to (4) The final report of the sixth session of the Joint ships through collective and bilateral assistance IOC/WMO Committee for IGOSS, Geneva, programmes, and in general facilitating the partici­ November 1991, pation of developing countries in IGOSS; (5) Resolution 9 (Cg-XI) - Global Climate Observing (5) Further expanding their operational sea level System, measurement networks and submitting the data to (6) Resolution 21 (Cg-XI) - WMO's involvement in the the Specialized Oceanographic Centre (SOC) of the development of a Global Ocean Observing System, IGOSS Sea Level Project in the Pacific (ISLP-PAC); CONSIDERING that data originating from the IGOSS (6) Participating in the Global Temperature/Salinity programme not only make a significant contribution to Pilot Project (GTSPP); operational meteorology and the provision of opera­ (7) Establishing National Oceanographic Centres and tional oceanographiC services, but will also form an Specialized Oceanographic Centres, where appropri­ essential element of the Global Climate Observing ate, for the processing of IGOSS data and the System and the Global Ocean Observing System, preparation of oceanographiC products in support of RECOGNIZING that a substantial increase in the amount of all types of users; and, if pOSSible, contributing rele­ ocean data available through IGOSS is needed to satisfy vant products to the IGOSS Products Bulletin; the requirements for such data of operational meteoro­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General, within the available logy, oceanographic services and research, and global budgetary resources, and in cooperation with IOC, to climate studies; assist Members in the further implementation of IGOSS URGES Members to increase their participation in all or in the Region. any parts of the basic elements of IGOSS, in particular the IGOSS Observing System, by: (1) Fully exploiting all existing sources of BATHY/TESAC and TRACKOB data for operational exchange NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 18 (X-RA V), through IGOSS, including from national navies; which is no longer in force. RESOLUTION 12 49

RESOLUTION 12 (XI-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), • Tan Yong Piu (Singapore) - Rapporteur on NOTING: WCP-Water (1) The report of its Working Group on Hydrology, • Rafidah Kassim (Ms) (Malaysia) - Rapporteur (2) Resolution 22 (Cg-XI) - Hydrology and Water onBNAP Resources Programme, • Rishi Raj (Fiji) (3) Resolution 28 (Cg-XI) - The Third WMO Long­ • Danloux (New Caledonia) term Plan, • Y. Lubis (Indonesia) (4) Resolution 40 (Cg-XI) - Revision of the General (3) To deSignate, in accordance with Regulation 167(b) of Regulations, the WMO General Regulations, M. P. Mosley (New CONSIDERING that Regional Association V plays an Zealand) as the regional hydrological adviser and as important and active role in the implementation of chairman of the Working Group on Hydrologyi WMO regional activities in the field of hydrology and REQUESTS the regional hydrological adviser and the water resources, chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology: DECIDES: (1) In his capacity as adViser, to assist the president of (1) To re-establish the Working Group on Hydrology RA V according to the duties stipulated in WMO with the following terms of reference: General Regulation 167(b)i (a) To participate in the completion of the Basic (2) As chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology, Hydrological Network Assessment Project to prepare an implementation plan and accordingly (BNAP) of WMOi deSignate, in consultation with the president of the (b) To cooperate with CHy, other WMO bodies Association, rapporteurs from the working group to and international organizations on projects undertake work according to the programmes related to hydrology and water resourcesi contained in the annex to this resolutioni (c) To provide assistance and advice to the (3) In both capacities as chairman and regional hydro­ president of the Association on all questions logical adviser to submit to the president of the pertaining to the regional aspects of the Association a final report not less than six months Hydrology and Water Resources Programme prior to the twelfth session of RA Vi (HWRP), including the preparation of the URGES Members concerned to provide full support to the Fourth Long-term Plan of WMOi rapporteurs nominated from their countries in order to (2) To invite all Members of the Region to designate ensure that they are able to fulfil the tasks assigned to themi national hydrological experts to serve on the work­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General to publish selected tech­ ing group and attend its meetings. The following nical reports prepared by the working group in the experts were nominated during the eleventh session: technical documents series and distribute them to all • Charles Pearson (New Zealand) - Rapporteur . concerned. on Network Design and Analysis • R. James (Australia) - Rapporteur on Hydro­ NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 19 (X-RA V), logical Technology in RA V which is no longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 12 (XI-RA V) WORK PROGRAMMES OF RAPPORTEURS OF THE RA V WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY

GENERAL WORK PROGRAMME APPLICABLE TO ALL ticular reference to assessment of value and cost­ RAPPORTEURS benefit. Prepare a report. 1. Prepare an annual progress report and submit it to 2. Monitor and review material available from WMO the chairman of the group by 1 December of each and other sources on network design and analysis, year of the intersessional period. and analyse its -applicability to RA V requirements. 2. Submit a final report to the chairman of the group Provide information to the WGH chairman eight months prior to the twelfth session of the for inclusion in an annual newsletter. Prepare a Association. report. SPECIFIC WORK PROGRAMMES FOR INDIVIDUAL RAPPORTEURS 3. Coordinate with the appropriate CHy rapporteur(s) Rapporteurs on Network Design and Analysis to ensure an effective RA V contribution to the 1. Facilitate preparation of and assemble regional case Commission's work on network design and analysis, studies of network design and analysis, with par- particularly in the context of HYNET and BNAP. so ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

4. Seek opportunities to provide HOMS components Rapporteurs on Performance Standards and on network design and analysis. Assessment Rapporteurs on the Hydrological Aspects of Tropical 1. Review practices in RA V regarding the evaluation Cyclones, and Hydrological Issues in Small Island of project/technology performance in opera­ States tional hydrology, with particular reference to 1. Review the hydrological aspects (including impacts quality control and quality assurance. Prepare a and methods for mitigation) of tropical cyclones, report. drawing on information from RA V, other WMO 2. Facilitate RA V participation in the MOFFS project, Regions, and other sources. Prepare a report. with the aim of including an example of each 2. Monitor the hydrological aspects of tropical flood-forecasting system in operational use in cyclones occurring in RA V during the interses­ RA V. Prepare a report on results obtained during sional periodi provide material to the WGH the intersessional period. chairman for inclusion in an annual newsletter. 3. Monitor the utilisation of HOMS in RA V, and 3. Provide input to the Tropical Cyclone Committee report on opportunities for increasing technology on the hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones transfer via HOMS, STEND, and other mechanisms. and to the fullest extent possible participate in the Liaise with the CHy Rapporteur on HOMS. work of the committee. 4. Review practices in RA V regarding performance 4. Review the state of knowledge on hydrological management for hydrological personnel, with issues facing small island States in RA V, with emphasis on identifying training needs and oppor­ particular reference to ENSO, climate variability tunities for staff development. Review material and change, and sea-level rise. Prepare a report. available via WMO, UNESCO's IHP and other Rapporteurs on WCP-Water sources. Prepare a report. 1. Monitor the progress and outputs of WCP-Water 5. Identify particular needs for training, which might projects, and provide material, which summarizes be facilitated or provided within the framework their application to RA V, to the WGH chairman of RA V and WMO's Education and Training for inclusion in an annual newsletter. Programme . . 2. Assemble, in collaboration with WGH members Rapporteurs on Hydrological Technology in RA V and hydrological advisers to PRs, preCipitation data 1. Prepare, by correspondence with WGH members sets suitable for use in WCP-Water project A2i carry and/or hydrological advisers to PRs, an inventory out an analysis of these data using the WMO stan­ of the hydrological technology developed and/or dard software package and other appropriate used by RA V Members. Circulate an interim and procedures. Prepare a report. updated final report. 3. Ensure, through consultations with the GRDC­ 2. Monitor the status of HOMS, evaluate RA V tech­ Koblenz, WGH members and hydrological advisers nology for suitability for adoption as HOMS to PRs, that runoff data sets representative of the components, and liaise with the HOMS office and full range of RA V conditions are supplied to the RA V Members to facilitate the proposal of appro­ GRDC, and regularly updated. priate technology as components. 4. Investigate the opportunities for and where appro­ 3. Act as a "clearing house" for information about priate initiate RA V participation in WCP-Water newly introduced technology and, in particular, projects which are the responsibility of WMO (A8, provide the WGH chairman with material for B1, B3, C1, C6). inclusion in an annual newsletter.

RESOLUTION 13 (XI-RA V) REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (3) That some of the previous resolutions are still to be NOTING paragraph 3.7.1 of the general summary of implemented, EC-IX, CONSIDERING: DECIDES: (1) That a number of its resolutions adopted before its (1) To keep in force Resolutions I, 5, 10, 12 and 20 eleventh session have been revised and incorporated (X-RA V)j in resolutions of the eleventh session, (2) Not to keep in force the other resolutions adopted (2) That others of its previous resolutions have been before its eleventh sessioni incorporated in appropriate WMO publications or (3) To publish the text of the resolutions kept in force in have become obsolete, the annex to this resolution. RESOLUTION 13 Sl

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 13 (XI-RA V) RESOLUTIONS OF RA V ADOPTED PRIOR TO ITS ELEVENTH SESSION AND MAINTAINED IN FORCE

Resolution 1 (X-RA V) the WWW Implementation Programme for RA V, PROMOTION OF METEOROLOGY AND OPERA­ was adopted, TIONAL HYDROLOGY IN THE REGION (2) The progress being made in the implementation of the ASDAR, ASAP and drifting buoy programmes, REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), CONSIDERING: CoNSCIOUS of the pressing need to intensify all activities (1) That large parts of the Region are data-sparse areas, to assist in the promotion of meteorology and opera­ (2) The importance of an effective Regional Basic tional hydrology in the Region, Synoptic Network and the essential need to inte­ AWARE that such promotion leads to the provision of grate the RBSN with the overall GOS, better services and support to the citizens of its Members, (3) The need to have comprehensive and realistic NOTING: information on the value of new observing (1) The highly commendable efforts of Mr Zou systems, their costs and their interfaces with other Jingmeng, the President of the Organization, to parts of the regional programme, assist Members, particularly developing countries, INVITES Members to participate in the deployment and in their endeavours to develop their national use of new observing systems and, individually or Meteorological and Hydrological Services, collectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of these (2) The outstanding actions of Professor G. O. P. Obasi, systems and their integration in the WWW; the Secretary-General of the Organization, in ENCOURAGES Members to seek VCP assistance for the support of the activities of the regional associatio~s installation of satellite-data ground receiving stations, and the several initiatives he has launched III weather radar and new observing systems such as favour of the promotion of meteorology and opera­ ASDAR, ASAP and buoys; tional hydrology for the benefit of Members, URGES Members to: especially developing countries, (1) Provide additional surface observations in ocean CONSIDERING the significant impact of their efforts, areas using the Voluntary Observing Ships scheme, activities and initiatives leading to the promotion of buoys and suitable fixed platforms; meteorology and operational hydrology in the Region, (2) Consider the possibility of deploying ASAP systems EXPRESSES the Association's appreciation of the effec­ on ships and ASDARs or other automated data­ tive and dedicated services of, as well as its complete collection systems on aircraft flying suitable routes confidence in, the President and the Secretary-General over the ocean; of the Organization; (3) Examine the communication facilities and data URGES Members to give their full support: quality-control procedures to ensure that the data (1) To the President of the Organization in his further are of high quality and are received at the data­ efforts to assist in the development of national processing centres in a timely fashion; Meteorological and Hydrological Services of REQUESTS the Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of Members in the Region; the Global Observing System to keep abreast of devel­ (2) To the Secretary-General to continue implementing opments in the implementation of this resolution by his actions and initiatives referred to above; Members and to report to the next session of the REQUESTS: Association. (1) The President and the Secretary-General. to . continue with their commitment to the promotIOn of meteorology and operational hydrology in the Resolution 10 (X-RA V) Region; TROPICAL CYCLONE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR (2) The president of the Association to bring this reso­ THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN lution to the attention of the Executive Council OCEAN and Eleventh Congress. REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), NOTING: (1) A series of resolutions by the General Assembly of Resolution 5 (X-RA V) the United Nations calling for international FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL cooperation and action by WMO for the mitigation OBSERVING SYSTEM of the harmful effects of storms, in particular in REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), connection with the International Decade for NOTING: Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), (1) Resolution 2S (Cg-X) - Second WMO Long-term (2) Resolution S (Cg-X) - Tropical Cyclone Plan, by which the WWW Programme, including Programme, 52 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

(3) With appreciation the final report of the second Annex to Resolution 12 (X-RA V) session of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC for the South Pacific, (4) Resolution 11 (X-RA V) - Tropical Cyclone At its tenth session in Singapore (14-24 November Committee for the South Pacific and South-East 1989), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Indian Ocean, Regional Association for the South-West Pacific (RA V) CONSIDERING: reviewed the substantial recent global and regional (1) The need to enhance cooperative efforts by coun­ action in connection with possible human-induced tries in the South Pacific and adjacent areas climate change. It noted that, although a number of affected by tropicai cyclones in effectively carry­ international initiatives were already under way to ing out their roles in coordinated arrangements assess the possible impact of climate change in the for preparing and issuing meteorological forecasts Region and to develop appropriate regional response and warnings of all tropical cyclones affecting the strategies, relatively little attention had thus far been area, given to scientific assessment of the nature and magni­ (2) That, to achieve this aim, it is essential to have an tude of the likely changes or to the meteorological and agreed tropical cyclone operational plan for the related observing systems needed to detect and monitor South Pacific and the South-East Indian Ocean climate variability and change in the Region. which describes the coordinated arrangements and The Association was particularly conscious of the defines the observing, forecasting and warning extremely serious implications for many of its Members responsibilities of all cooperating countries, of some of the climate change scenarios and predictions DECIDES to adopt the Tropical Cyclone Operational that had been advanced in various public fora over the Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean past few years. It was also aware of the urgency with published in Tropical Cyclone Programme Report which the issue was currently being addressed at No. TCP-24 (WMO/TD-No. 292) - Tropical Cyclone the national level in many countries. Against this back­ Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East ground, and conscious of its role as the inter­ Indian Ocean; governmental body responsible for coordination of AUTHORIZES the president of RA V to approve, on meteorological and related activities in the Region, the behalf of the Association, amendments to this Tropical Association identified a number of important initiatives Cyclone Operational Plan, as recommended by the for immediate priority attention. In particular, the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific; Association agreed that: REQUESTS the Secretary-GeneraHo inform all Members (a) Those Members with the capability to do so and island States and Territories concerned of any should accelerate their efforts to develop scien­ amendments to and updating of the operational plan. tifically sound regional assessments of future climate change for the South-West Pacific for a range of greenhouse gas scenarios; (b) Necessary support should be sought to enable scientists from the developing countries in Resolution 12 (X-RA V) the Region to participate fully in the scien­ CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTH·WEST PACIFIC tific studies in order to ensure that expert REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), advice was available to their governments on NOTING: the nature, scientific basis and reliability of (1) The high level of public concern within the Region the predictions; about the possible impacts of major climate (c) The attention of all Members should be change, drawn to the fundamental role of the World (2) The lack of definitive information on the likely Weather Watch (WWW) Regional Basic nature and magnitude of human-induced climate Synoptic Networks as the observational foun­ change, dation for climate monitoring in the Region, (3) The vital role of the national Meteorological and to the critical need for upgrading both Services of the Region in providing the basic obser­ the coverage and the performance standards vational data for monitoring climate and climate of these networks. Attention should also be change, drawn to the crucial roles that meteorological (4) Its own responsibility under Article 18 of the WMO satellites played in overall climate monitor­ Convention for coordination of meteorological ing in the South-West Pacific; and related activities in the Region, (d) Close coordination should be maintained at ADOPTS the summary statement entitled Climate both national and regional levels between Change in the South-West Pacific as set down in the the WWW networks and related observa­ annex to this resolution; tional initiatives planned under international REQUESTS the Secretary-General to bring the statement programmes such as TOGA, WOCE, IGOSS to the attention of all concerned. and IOC-WESTPAC; RESOLUTION 13 53

(e) Members should be urged to give high prior­ the climate change issue, to participate fully ity to the designation and establishment of a in the international activities of the Inter­ permanent reference climate observation governmental Panel on Climate Change network for the Region and to the urgent (IPCC), the various components of the World compilation of a reference climate data set Climate Programme and the forthcoming suitable for study of climate variability and Second World Climate Conference (SWCC). climate change; In order to ensure that prompt action was taken on (j) The existing routine climate monitoring each of the above, the Association requested its preSid­ systems for the Region should be upgraded in ent to consult the Secretary-General of WMO with a respect of both their content and timeliness, view to making an immediate approach to Members and training opportunities should be and to the relevant international organizations for provided in their use for staff from the scientific and funding support and assistance. national Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the developing country Members of the Region; Resolution 20 (X-RA V) (g) Funding should be sought for the establish­ THE WMO VOLUNTARY COOPERATION ment of a tropical baseline air pollution PROGRAMME station in the west of the Region to fill a crit­ ical gap in the WMO Global Atmosphere REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), Watch between the Australian Baseline NOTING: Station at Cape Grim in Tasmania and the (1) Resolution 21 (Cg-X) - The WMO Voluntary proposed Chinese station on the Tibetan Cooperation Programme, Plateau; (2) That urgent and essential support has to be (h) In undertaking studies of the possible impact provided for the implementation of the World of future climate change in the Region, Weather Watch to Member and non-Member Members and international organizations island States in the Region, should pay greater attention to the very large CONSIDERING the importance of maintaining the basic natural variability of the climate of the synoptic network in the Region for the benefit of all South-West Pacific and, in particular, to the WMO Programmesi interrelationship between the planning for RECOMMENDS that support directed to the Region under climate change and a number of existing the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme should initiatives on tropical cyclone, flood and be enhanced immediatelYi other warning and disaster mitigation URGES Members of the Association to take a more systems; active role in the VCP and to contribute to the maxi­ (i) Increased opportunities should be sought for mum extent possible funds, equipment and services, representatives of national Meteorological including fellowships; and Hydrological Services, particularly of REQUESTS the Secretary-General of WMO to make an developing countries of the Region which urgent appeal to potential donors (including donors were, in the main, their governments' prin­ outside the Region such as Japan) to provide support cipal source of advice on scientific aspects of specifically for the Region, under the VCP or otherwise. ANNEXES

ANNEX I Annex to paragraph 7.2.5 of the general summary AGROMETEOROLOGICAL THEMES FOR FURTHER STUDYj IMPLEMENTATION IN RA V

Priority* Levelt 1. Creation of national inter-service agrometeorological committees H Nat 2. Creation of links between NMS and farmers' representatives H Nat 3. Impact of climate variability and change on agriculture H CAgM 4. Impact of tropical cyclones on agriculture H RA/Nat 5. Impact of ENSO on agrometeorological conditions H RA 6. Crop yield models for selected crops M/H Nat 7. Influence of weather on pest and disease control Var Nat/RA 8. Micrometeorology of cocoa, rubber L Nat 9. Influence of weather on red tide H Nat 10. Influence of excess rainfall on crop productivity M Nat/RA 11. Use of remote sensing to estimate solar radiation, soil water, vegetation index M RA 12. Inventory of databases, establishment of data banks H Nat/RA 13. Creation of national benchmark networks of agrometeorological stations L Nat 14. Use of reliable, efficient measuring equipment H Nat 15. Assessment of leaf wetness Var CAgM 16. Choice of a reference potential evapotranspiration formula Var CAgM 17. Determination of codes .for transmission of phenological observations M Nat/RA 18. Establishment of Geographical Information System on soil water data H Nat 19. Definition of minimum data requirements for different applications Var Nat/RA 20. Inventory of applications software H CAgM 21. Improvement of temporal and spatial reliability of short-term forecasts H Nat/RA 22. Formulation and implementation of national drought plans H Nat 23. Development of national/regional early warning systems H Nat/RA 24. Preparation of agroclimatic analyses and monographs Var Nat/RA 25. Adaptation and implementation of national bush fire control systems Var Nat 26. Training of irrigation managers in meteorological irrigation scheduling H Nat/RA 27. Determination of appropriate channels of information dissemination Var Nat 28. Evaluation of technical, economic, social, and environmental benefits of applications of agrometeorological information H Nat/RA/CAgM

* H = Highj M = Mediumj L = Lowj Var = Variable t Nat = Nationallevelj RA = Regionallevelj CAgM = Global level ANNEXES II, III ss ANNEX II Annex to paragraph 7.3.8 of the general summary PROPOSED GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THE WAFS SATELLITE BROADCASTS

1. Guidelines for authorized access to the WAFS satel­ (d) Any other use of this information outside of the lite broadcasts should be based on the following aeronautical purposes is not within the domain of underlying principles: the ICAO and should be addressed within WMO. (a) The prerogative of ICAO Contracting States to deter­ 2. Authorized access should be given to the national mine the use of the WAFS satellite broadcastsj Meteorological Service and the state authority respons­ (b) The World Meteorological Organization concept of the ible for the provision of the aviation weather service free exchange of meteorological information between which is normally aeronautical and/or meteorological ICAO Contracting States and WMO Membersj authorities or their agents, and ICAO and WMO offices. (c) The data and products being broadcast are ulti­ Authorized access may be provided on a case-by-case mately intended for the provision of aeronautical basis to other aeronautical users (e.g. airlines) in a State meteorological servicesj as determined by the respective state authority.

ANNEX III Annex to paragraph 7.4.2 of the general summary SUMMARY OF MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES IN RA V

1. Users of services (i) Major users: General shipping (high seas and coastal areas), POlt authorities, fisheries (deep sea and coastal areas), local government, recreationj (ii) Other users: Coastal engineering, offshore industry (oil and gas), environment protection, pollution control, search and rescue, marine investigation, insurance claims.

2. Types of products required (a) Operational (high seas and coastal) (i) Required by many users: Wind, waves, weatherj 12- or 24-hour intervals (ii) Required by some users: Poor visibility, temperatures, mean SST (winter months only), swell and surf, advisory on tropical storms and on coastal floodingj (b) Non-operational (delay mode) (high Required by some users: Wind, waves, weather, currents, seas and coastal) weekly or monthly temperatures, SST, upwellingj (c) Non-operational (climatological data) (i) Required by many users: Wind, waves, weather, currents, temperatures, SSTj (ii) Required by some users: Poor visibility, upwelling, storm tracks.

3. Product dissemination (i) Used by many: Coastal radio station broadcast, telex, telephone, mail, personal briefingj (ii) Used by some: Computer access, telefax, videotext. 4. Capabilities (i) High seas bulletins and coastal forecasts (for conventional terrestrial broadcast): Provided by most Member countriesj [Under the new WMO GMDSS marine broadcast system, forecasts and warnings for shipping on the high seas are to be provided by Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, USA, China, Hong Kong, Japan] (ii) Computer facilities: Majority have computer facilities. Only major centres have large and powerful computers to run complex ocean-atmospheric models. Several centres run atmospheriC and sea-state models on a regular basis. One centre also runs storm surge models. 56 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V ANNEX IV Annex to paragraph 7.4.6 of the general summary

SUMMARY OF METEOROLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS IN RA V

1. Contingency plans for marine pollution emergencies Have been developed by most Member countries.

2. Single agency with coordination (i) Most Member countries have a single national agency with responsibilities formal coordinqtion procedures in place; (ii) Specialized service not normally supported by dedicated manpower.

3. Meteorological and oceanographic (i) Most commonly required: Wind, waves, weather, tempera­ product requirements tures, SST, visibility, rainfall currents; (ii) Less commonly required: Tides, water levels, spill trajectory.

4. Preparation of products (i) Means of preparation: Manually and by computer; (ii) Products: Wind, waves, currents, temperatures, oil drift, SST, atmospheric pressure.

5. Dissemination of products (i) Used by most: Radio broadcast, telex, telephone, facsimile, personal briefing; (ii) Used by some: Mail, computer, videotext.

ANNEX V Annex to paragraph 12.1 of the general summary

RA V REGIONAL PRIORITIES FOR THE PERIOD OF THE FOURTH WMO LONG-TERM PLAN 1996-2005

Most of the Members of RA V are tropical developing other extreme weather events including associated countries for which effective implementation of the storm surges and flash floods; UNCED Agenda 21 and the Declaration of the UN Global • The development of a reliable seasonal and inter­ Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small annual forecasting capability, including effective Island Developing States is of special significance. All are drought warning systems and their application to subject to the strong influence of the Southern water resources, agriculture and other key socio­ Oscillation and EI Niflo phenomena. Virtually all face a economic sectors; major seasonal threat from tropical cyclones and many • Improved understanding of the nature and extent lack the infrastructure to withstand the impact of of the potential threat from greenhouse­ cyclones and other natural disasters. The Region also effect-induced climate change throughout the includes a number of countries that are highly vulnerable Region and especially in respect of the impact to the potential effects of climate change, especially the of sea-level rise on the low-lying islands in the sea-level rise that might result from Significant global Region; warming. Reliable exchange of data and products over a • Provision of timely and reliable advice to govern­ vast part of the Region is particularly difficult to achieve ments on the state of the global and regional since current telecommunication facilities are inadequate climate on all time scales; for the linkages amongst many small island countries • Full integration of all countries of the Region, and between those countries and the rest of the world. including new Members and potential Members, The Members of RA V thus assign highest priority for the into the work of the Organization; decade 1996-2005 to those activities which will • Effective application of meteorological and hydro­ contribute to: logical information and knowledge to achievement • Natural disaster reduction, especially through the of the goals of sustainable development; provision of more reliable and more effective warn­ It Increased awareness and use of the assessments ing of tropical cyclones, monsoon depressions and of climate change, its impacts and options for ANNEX V 57

response strategies, especially through the IPCC and • Closer collaboration with other related bodies in the participation in the activities of the Conference of Region, especially SPREP, IOC-WESTPAC, ESCAP, the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on ASEAN, the South Pacific Commission and South Climate Change (FCCC). Pacific Forum; Since all of these will depend critically on • Promotion and strengthening of the principle and the essential underpinning role of high-quality observa­ practice of free and unrestricted international tional data and the operation of efficient national exchange of meteorological, hydrological and and regional systems for distributing the end prod­ related environmental data; ucts quickly and accurately to users, the Association • Upgraded climate data and advisory services which sees the full and effective implementation of World must include the establishment of data banks, stan­ Weather Watch (WWW) and the Global Climate dardization of data processing, archiving to facilitate Observing System (GCOS) in the Region as among its international exchange and the provision of services most important tasks for the decade. This must include to suit the needs of users; in particular: • Improved education and training of staff to a • Maintenance and upgrading of the basic level of competence in various fields of application meteorological and related networks of the Region of meteorology and hydrology and also in the to achieve the coverage and high observational general management and operation of Services; standards necessary for effective operational • Greatly increased assistance to developing coun­ forecasting services, comprehensive long-term climate tries in the Region in implementing appropriate monitoring and detection of climate change; modern technology (hardware and software) to • Consolidation and enhancement of space-based and interface effectively with WWW products and facil­ remote sensing means of data collection in conjunc­ itate their use in the provision of services at the tion with the improvement of the GOS and the national level. development of GCOS; For the immediate future, the Region has identified o Development of improved and tailored WWW prod­ the following as its specific priOrities for achievement ucts to support Members' services to both the during the twelfth financial period: general public and specialized user groups; • The effective implementation of the Tropical o Upgrading of the regional telecommunications Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and systems, making appropriate use of satellite commu­ South-East Indian Ocean; nications to ensure both rapid and reliable data • The full implementation of the ASEAN Specialized collection and effective distribution of WWW prod­ Meteorological Centre and the proposed Nadi ucts to national Services and other users; Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre; • Close co-ordination with IGOSS, GOOS and • Implementation of the agreed reference climate other marine data collection and monitoring monitoring network and completion of a definitive programmes; historical climate data set for the Region; • Upgraded training of staff particularly in the various • Full implementation of the Indonesian baseline air­ new communications and data management tech­ pollution station. nologies that are being implemented within the In the light of its identified priorities, the Associa­ World Weather Watch, GCOS and GOOS. tion attaches particular importance to the following • A determined effort to upgrade the national WMO programmes: Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the • All components of the World Weather Watch developing country Members to enable them to Programme, with special emphasis on regional contribute effectively to capacity building for aspects of the GTS, GOS and GDPS and the Tropical national sustainable development; Cyclone Programme; • The full involvement of, and assistance to, the small • All four components· of the Applications of island nations in the Region whose participation Meteorology Programme; will be essential to the overall success of the regional • All components of the World Climate Programme programme; and its associated activities, including especially the • Increased public education in disaster mitigation Global Climate Observing System (GCOS); especially in respect of the role of the tropical • The Hydrology and Water Resources Programme; cyclone warning system and other initiatives • The Atmospheric Research and Environment planned for the final years of the International Programme (especially weather prediction and trop­ Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR); ical meteorology research, and the Global • Increased public awareness of the benefits of the Atmosphere Watch); application of meteorology and operational hydro­ • The Education and Training Programme and the logy to the full range of community needs; Technical Cooperation Programme. APPENDIX A . LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION

1. OFFICERS OF THE SESSION 3. REPRESENTA11VFS OF NON-MEMBERS OF WMO S. Karjoto Acting President J. R Lumsden Vice-President Country Name Capacity Federated States A.J. Suzuki Observer 2. REPFF!,ENTATIVES OF MEMBERS OF WMO WITHIN of Micronesia REGION V Kiribati U. Koneteti Observer Marshall Islands P. Peter Observer Member Name Capacity Tonga P.Havea Observer Australia J. w. Zillman Principal delegate Tuvalu M. Fuamatagi (Ms) Observer V. K. Tsui Alternate Western Samoa A. K. Titimaea Observer R. R Brook Delegate

4. REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Brunei Haji Abd KadirTengah Principal delegate Darussalam Abdul Halim Haji Lamat Delegate Organization Name United Nations Development S.Norindr Principal delegate Fiji R Prasad Programme (UNDP) S.Raj Intergovernmental Oceano­ French J. Vautravers Principal delegate graphic Commission (IOC) J. Merle Polynesia R Pascal Delegate South Pacific Regional Environ­ ment Programme (SPREP) N.L.Koop Indonesia S. Karjoto Principal delegate H.Sujadi Delegate 5. INvITED EXPERTS Totok Prianamto Delegate Chandra W. Yudha Delegate A Ngari (Cook Islands) S. Pulehetoa (Niue)

Malaysia Cheang Boon Khean Principal delegate 6. I..EcrvRERs Chong Ah Look Alternate Cheang Boon Khean R. Prasad C. L. Liew Delegate J. Picaut J. W. Zillman

New D. Lambergeon Principal delegate 7. locAL SEClUlTAlUAT Caledonia J. P. Mac Veigh Alternate Y. Barbou H.Leveque M.Argent Delegate L. Blaize B. Soucaze (Ms) I. Charon (Ms) Delegate J. Bonneaud J.-M.Motte Delegate G.-A. Naturel Delegate 8. WMO SECRETARIAT G. O. P. Obasi Secretary-General New J. R Lumsden Principal delegate E. H. Al-Majed Director, Regional Office for Asia Zealand N.D.Gordon Alternate and the South-West Pacific and M.P.Mosley Delegate Secretary-General's representative V. G. Boldirev Director, World Climate Programme Department Papua New S.Geno Principal delegate J. C. Rodda Director, Hydrology and Water Guinea P. Penua Delegate Resources Department G. Tau Ray Delegate RdeGuzman Director, Technical Co-operation Department Singapore S.L. Woon Principal delegate D. Schiessl Director, Basic Systems K. Thulasidas Delegate H. Kootval (Ms) Regional Officer, Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific E. Dar-Ziv (Ms) Chief, Conference Unit, Principal delegate United States R H. Hagemeyer Languages, Publications and of America G. H. Trapp Delegate Conferences Department Delegate E. H. YoungJr Y.-A.Chung Junior Professional Officer, Regional Office for Asia and the Vanuatu H. K. Taiki Principal delegate South-West Pacific APPENDIXB AGENDA

Agenda item Documents Resolutions adopted

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION PINK 6

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION PINK 1 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials PINK 1 2.2 Adoption of the agenda 1; 2; PINK 1 2.3 Establishment of committees PINK 1 2.4 Other organizational matters PINK 1

3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION 39; PINK 2

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 4.1 WWW plan and status of implementation 34; 34, ADD. 1; 1 40; PINK 36 4.2 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of 29; 33; PINK S; 2 Observation Programme PINK 11 4.3 Data-processing system 24; 44; PINK 12 4.4 Telecommunication system 35; PINK 13 3 4.5 Data Management, including regional codes 12; 26; PINK 9 4 4.6 WWW System Support Activities 15; PINK 10 4.7 Regional satellite activities 9; PINK 14 4.8 Tropical Cyclone Programme 27; 32; PINK 34 5

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 5.1 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme 25; 36; PINK 8 (WCDMP) 5.2 World Climate Applications and Services Programme 13; 37; PINK 16 (WCASP) 5.3 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response 43; PINK 15 Strategies Programme (WCRIP) 5.4 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 5; PINK 17 5.5 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 11; PINK 25 5.6 World Climate Programme co-ordination activities 21; PINK 30 6

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME - 10; PINK 21 REGIONAL ASPECTS 6.1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) 10; 42; PINK 21 7 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programme 10; PINK 21 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme 10; PINK 21 60 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Agenda item Documents Resolutions adopted

6.4 Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather 10; PINK 21 Modification Research Programme

7. APPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 7.1 Public Weather Services Programme 30; PINK 33 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 17; 19; PINK 24 8 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7; 4S; PINK 3S 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic 3; 28; PINK 19 9,10,11 Activities Programme

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME - REGIONAL 6; 18; PINK 4 12 ASPECTS

9. EDUCATION AND TRAININ9 PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 23; PINK 29

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 41; PINK 31

11. PUBLIC INFORMATION - REGIONAL ASPECTS 22; PINK 20

12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS 20; PINK 23

13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 13.1 Internal matters of the Association 16; 16, ADD. 1; 46; PINK 37 13.2 Follow-up activities related to UNCED 38; PINK 18 13.3 Co-operation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic 4; PINK 26 Commission (IOC) 13.4 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction 31; PINK 7

14. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE SOUTH-WEST 14; PINK 32 PACIFIC

15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS PINK 27

16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE 8; PINK 3 13 AsSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS

17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS PINK 22; PINK 28

18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TWELFfH SESSION PINK 38

19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION PINK 39 APPENDIXC LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

I. "DOC" series

1 Provisional agenda 2.2

2 Explanatory memorandum relating to the provisional agenda 2.2

3 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 .Secretary-General Programme

4 Cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic 13.3 Secretary-General Commission (IOC)

5 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 5.4 Secretary-General

6 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme - regional aspects 8 . Secretary-General

7 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 Secretary-General

8 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the 16 Secretary-General Association and of relevant Executive Council resolutions

9 Regional satellite activities 4.7 Secretary-General Status of conversions of APT/WEFAX

10 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme - 6 Secretary-General regional aspects

11 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 5.5 Secretary-General

12 WWW Data Management, including regional codes 4.5 Rapporteur Report of the RA V Rapporteur on Codes

13 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) 5.2 Secretary-General

14 WMO Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific 14 Secretary-General

IS WWW System Support Activities 4.6 Secretary-General

16 Internal matters of the Association 13.1 Secretary-General Commercialization issue ADD. 1

17 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Secretary-General

18 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme - regional 8· Chairman of the aspects working group Report of the Working Group on Hydrology

19 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Chairman of the working group

20 Long-term planning - regional aspects 12 Secretary-General 62 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

21 World Climate Programme coordination activities 5.6 Secretary-General

22 Public information - regional aspects 11 Secretary-General

23 Education and Training Programme - regional aspects 9 Secretary':General

24 Data-processing system 4.3 Secretary-General

25 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.1 Secretary-General

26 Data Management, including regional codes 4.5 Secretary-General

27 Tropical Cyclone Programme 4.8 Secretary-General

28 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Rapporteur Programme Report of the RA V Rapporteur on Marine Meteorological Services

29 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of 4.2 Secretary-General Observation Programme

30 Public Weather Services Programme 7.1 Secretary-General

31 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 13.4 Secretary-General

32 Tropical Cyclone Programme 4.8 Chairman Report of the Chairman of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean

33 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of 4.2 Secretary-General Observation Programme

34 WWW plan and status of implementation 4.1 Chairman of the working group Report of the chairman of the Working Group on the Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V ADD.l

35 Telecommunication system 4.4 Secretary-General

36 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.1 Rapporteur Report of the Rapporteur on Climate Data Management

37 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) 5.2 Rapporteur Report of the Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the World Climate Applications Programme

38 Follow-up activities related to UNCED 13.2 Secretary-General

39 Report by the president of the Association 3 Acting president of RA V

40 World Weather Watch Programme - regional aspects 4.1 Secretary-General WWW plan and status of implementation

41 Technical Cooperation Programme - regional aspects 10 Secretary-General APPENDIXC 63

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

42 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme - 6.1 Rapporteur on regional aspects Atmospheric Ozone Global Atmosphere Watch

43 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies 5.3 UNEP Programme (WCIRP)

44 Data-processing system 4.3 Australia

45 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 New Zealand

46 Internal matters of the Association 13.1 New Zealand

II. "PINK" series

1 Organization of the session 2 Acting president of RA V

2 Report by the President of the Association 3 Acting president of RA V

3 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the 16 Rapporteur Association and of relevant Executive Council resolutions

4 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme - regional 8 Co-chairman of aspects Committee A

5 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of 4.2 Acting president of RA V Observation Programme

6 Opening of the session 1 Acting president of RA V

7 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 13.4 Acting president of RA V

8 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.1 Acting president of RA V

9 Data Management, including regional codes 4.5 Acting president of RA V

10 WWW System Support Activities 4.6 Acting president of RA V

11 Observing system, including Instruments and Methods of 4.2 Acting president of RA V Observation Programme

12 Data-processing system 4.3 Acting president of RA V

13 Telecommunication system 4.4 Acting president of RA V

14 Regional satellite activities 4.7 Acting president of RA V

15 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies 5.3 Co-chairman of Programme (WCIRP) Committee A

16 World Climate Applications and Services Programme 5.2 Co-chairman of (WCASP) CommitteeB

17 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 5.4 Co-chairman of Committee B

18 Follow-up activities related to UNCED 13.2 Acting president of RA V 64 ELEVENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

19 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Acting president of RA V Programme

20 Public information - regional aspects 11 Acting president of RA V

21 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme - 6 Co-chairman of regional aspects CommitteeB

22 Election of Officers 17 Chairman of the Nomination Committee

23 Long-term planning - regional aspects 12 Chairman of the Com- mittee of the Whole

24 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Co-chairman of CommitteeB

25 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 5.5 Co-chqirman of Committee B

26 Cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic 13.3 Acting president of RA V Commission (IOC)

27 Scientific lectures and discussions 15 Acting president of RA V

28 Election of Officers 17 Acting president of RA V

29 Education and Training Programme - regional aspects 9 Co-chairman of CommitteeB

30 World Climate Programme coordination activities 5.6 Co-chairman of Committee B

31 Technical Cooperation Programme - regional aspects 10 Co-chairman of Committee B

32 WMO Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific 14 Acting president of RA V

33 Public Weather Services Programme 7.1 Co-chairman of Committee A

34 Tropical Cyclone Programme 4.8 Acting president of RA V

35 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 Co-chairman of Committee A

36 World Weather Watch Programme - regional aspects 4 Co-chairman of WWW plan and status of implementation 4.1 Committee A

37 Internal matters of the Association 13.1 Acting president of RA V Commercialization issue

38 Date and place of the twelfth session 18 Acting president of RA V

39 Closure of the session 19 Acting president of RA V