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GLENELG Desktop Title Pg GLENELG SHIRE DESKTOP CULTURAL HERITAGE STUDY PUBLIC VERSION A Report to Macroplan Australia On behalf of Glenelg Shire May 2007 Prepared by Andrea Murphy& Dr Tom Rymer Tardis Enterprises Pty Ltd cultural heritage consultants 9 Berglund Road Beaconsfield Upper Victoria 3808 GLENELG SHIRE DESKTOP CULTURAL HERITAGE STUDY A report to Macroplan Australia on behalf of Glenelg Shire September 2006 Prepared by Andrea Murphy and Dr Tom Rymer Tardis Enterprises Pty Ltd cultural heritage consultants 9 Berglund Road Beaconsfield Upper 3808 Victoria EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the results of a desktop investigation of the Aboriginal and historic archaeological cultural heritage values within the Glenelg Shire. The Glenelg Shire is located in the southwest of Victoria on the border with South Australia (Figure 1). From east to north Glenelg is bordered by the Shires of Moyne, the Southern Grampians and West Wimmera. The main watershed of the region comprises the Glenelg River, with the smaller watershed of the Fitzroy River to the east. The study produces a preliminary and brief cultural heritage overview in order to highlight heritage values the shire can promote to attract tourism, to indicate opportunities for further cultural heritage investigation in areas of archaeological potential, to suggest strategies for cultural heritage management in the light of forthcoming new heritage legislation and to promote best practice heritage management. Prior to this investigation there have been a large number of Aboriginal and historic cultural heritage assessments in Glenelg Shire (Sections 4 & 6). Stage 2 (Hubbard & Neyland 2005) of a regional historic heritage study is currently underway to make detailed significance assessment of heritage places identified in Stage One (Kellaway & Rhodes 2002). As of April 2006 there were 143 historic places on the Heritage Victoria Register and Inventory, 50 on the Register of the National Estate, 144 on the National Trust of Victoria Register and 155 on the Glenelg Shire Heritage Overlay. As of January 2006 there were 1,002 registered Aboriginal cultural heritage places and 28 Aboriginal historic places on the Aboriginal Affairs Victoria Register. Various government and non-government organisations have an active interest in the cultural heritage of the Glenelg Shire. Aboriginal Affairs Victoria administers State legislation (Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972) providing protection for Aboriginal cultural heritage as well as Commonwealth legislation (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984) under part 11A (1987) Schedule of the Act. This Schedule lists the Kerrup-Jmara Aboriginal Elders Corporation as the local Aboriginal community representatives. They are currently represented by the Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation. South West and Wimmera Cultural Heritage Program is a body established and funded by Aboriginal Affairs Victoria to assist in cultural heritage management. A search for registered Native Title Claimants has been submitted to the national Native Title Tribunal Office. The Gundjitmara Native Title Group have a claim lodged that includes Glenelg, Wannon and Shaw Rivers. Heritage Victoria (DSE) administers the Heritage Act 1995 and maintains the Victorian Heritage Register and Inventory. The Australian Heritage Council administers the Register of the National Estate which includes both historic and Indigenous sites. The National Trust of Victoria maintains a heritage register and inventory but has no legislative role. Various local historical societies also take an active interest in heritage matters. This investigation has been based on a review of current databases and previous cultural heritage studies. No survey or site inspections have been included in this investigation. A brief environmental description (Section 2), Aboriginal background (Section 3) and outline of previous Aboriginal cultural heritage assessments, recorded Aboriginal archaeological sites and historic places (Section 4) is provided in order to produce an Aboriginal site prediction model and implications summary for the Aboriginal cultural heritage of Glenelg I Shire (Section 4.3). A brief outline of the European historic background (Section 5), historic cultural heritage assessments and recorded historic places (Section 6) is provided in order to produce an historic site prediction model. These are used to designate areas of known archaeological sensitivity/potential for both Aboriginal and historic cultural heritage (Section 7). Attention is drawn to the difference between scientific significance and cultural significance in regards to Aboriginal cultural heritage (Section 8). Statutory requirements in relation to Aboriginal sites and historic places are presented in Section 9. Cultural heritage opportunities, management issues and recommendations within Glenelg Shire are presented in Section 10. This desktop cultural heritage investigation fulfils a range of social and legislative obligations relating to cultural heritage sites and places within the study area. However, it does not replace a comprehensive cultural heritage assessment. This investigation has been undertaken in accordance with Aboriginal Affairs Victoria Guidelines for Conducting and Reporting upon Archaeological Surveys in Victoria (AAV 2002), the conservation principles of the Burra Charter (Australia ICOMOS 1999) and best current cultural heritage practise. Cultural Heritage Opportunities and Management Issues (Section 10.1) Aboriginal Cultural Heritage: Glenelg Shire has been subject to limited levels of cultural heritage investigation. Intensive archaeological survey has been conducted in two regions: the coast from Discovery Bay to Cape Bridgewater and Portland, and the Mount Eccles lava flow (Lake Condah Area and Tyrendarra). The latter has been listed as the Budj Bim National Estate Landscape and holds state and national significance. The Tyrendarra area has also been declared an Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) as a managed resource protected area. This aims to reverse the impact of previous grazing, vegetation clearance and drainage. Research is currently underway to achieve World Heritage Listing. The Lake Condah Sustainable Development Project was initiated by the Winda Mara Aboriginal Corporation in 2002. It also aims to achieve world heritage listing for the Lake Condah district as well as restoring water levels to revive the wetlands and the traditional eel management system; restoring the Lake Condah church site; developing land management plans; developing an international learning centre; and developing employment and business opportunities centred on tourism, accommodation and aquaculture (www.windamara.com.au). At best 5% of Glenelg Shire has been subject to cultural heritage survey (Section 4). Inland areas have been subject to minimal previous archaeological survey. Areas that have been surveyed are shown in Figure 6. Previous investigations have been primarily for the purposes of development including linear pipelines and cable routes as well as local area developments. There are currently 1002 recorded sites in the Shire (Sections 3 and 4). Given that no more than 5% of the Shire has received previous survey coverage, there are potentially 20,000 or more archaeological sites located within the Shire, the vast majority of which have no management plans. II Based on the results of previous investigations, areas assessed as having moderate to high potential for Aboriginal sites include the coastal margins, the Volcanic Plains wetlands, along rivers, creeks and tributaries, around lakes and swamps (including all former locations of water), and in all landforms where remnant native trees are located. As large tracts of archaeologically sensitive landforms have not been surveyed, Glenelg Shire is likely to contain many more Aboriginal sites than are presently recorded. The cultural heritage values of the Glenelg Shire are currently poorly understood. Although much of the land is in private ownership, additional investigation including survey is required of all archaeologically sensitive landforms under pressure from land use change. Glenelg Shire has not been subject to a regional investigation for Aboriginal cultural heritage. A regional investigation would enable a broader view of the Aboriginal occupation including the utilisation of coastal, stony rises and inland areas. At present the archaeological view is constrained to local areas with little connection within the broader context of Aboriginal use of the regional landscape throughout the previous 40,000 years. A regional investigation would have both research and commercial benefits and should be considered by the Glenelg Shire as the next step towards responsible cultural heritage management. A research driven investigation would enable a more detailed understanding of the archaeological potential of different landforms and assessments of scientific significance. Furthermore, it would provide an important regional interpretive framework to enhance the archaeological narratives that might be employed in cultural tourism presentations for specific archaeological areas. Aboriginal Affairs Victoria has released the new Aboriginal heritage bill exposure draft. The bill intends to “link the protection of Aboriginal cultural heritage more directly with planning and land development processes” (AAV 2006). It aims to provide increased certainty for developers and planners – about their rights, responsibilities, obligations
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