Gai-Jin: the Third Novel of the Asian Saga Free
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Japanese Immigration History
CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES DURING MEIJI TO TAISHO ERA (1868–1926) By HOSOK O Bachelor of Arts in History Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 2000 Master of Arts in History University of Central Oklahoma Edmond, Oklahoma 2002 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2010 © 2010, Hosok O ii CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY JAPANESE IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES DURING MEIJI TO TAISHO ERA (1868–1926) Dissertation Approved: Dr. Ronald A. Petrin Dissertation Adviser Dr. Michael F. Logan Dr. Yonglin Jiang Dr. R. Michael Bracy Dr. Jean Van Delinder Dr. Mark E. Payton Dean of the Graduate College iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For the completion of my dissertation, I would like to express my earnest appreciation to my advisor and mentor, Dr. Ronald A. Petrin for his dedicated supervision, encouragement, and great friendship. I would have been next to impossible to write this dissertation without Dr. Petrin’s continuous support and intellectual guidance. My sincere appreciation extends to my other committee members Dr. Michael Bracy, Dr. Michael F. Logan, and Dr. Yonglin Jiang, whose intelligent guidance, wholehearted encouragement, and friendship are invaluable. I also would like to make a special reference to Dr. Jean Van Delinder from the Department of Sociology who gave me inspiration for the immigration study. Furthermore, I would like to give my sincere appreciation to Dr. Xiaobing Li for his thorough assistance, encouragement, and friendship since the day I started working on my MA degree to the completion of my doctoral dissertation. -
A New Interpretation of the Bakufu's Refusal to Open the Ryukyus To
Volume 16 | Issue 17 | Number 3 | Article ID 5196 | Sep 01, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus A New Interpretation of the Bakufu’s Refusal to Open the Ryukyus to Commodore Perry Marco Tinello Abstract The Ryukyu Islands are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to In this article I seek to show that, while the Taiwan. The former Kingdom of Ryukyu was Ryukyu shobun refers to the process by which formally incorporated into the Japanese state the Meiji government annexed the Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture in 1879. Kingdom between 1872 and 1879, it can best be understood by investigating its antecedents in the Bakumatsu era and by viewing it in the wider context of East Asian and world history. I show that, following negotiations with Commodore Perry, the bakufu recognized the importance of claiming Japanese control over the Ryukyus. This study clarifies the changing nature of Japanese diplomacy regarding the Ryukyus from Bakumatsu in the late 1840s to early Meiji. Keywords Tokugawa bakufu, Bakumatsu, Ryukyu shobun, Commodore Perry, Japan From the end of the fourteenth century until the mid-sixteenth century, the Ryukyu kingdom was a center of trade relations between Japan, China, Korea, and other East Asian partners. According to his journal, when Commodore Matthew C. Perry demanded that the Ryukyu Islands be opened to his fleet in 1854, the Tokugawa shogunate replied that the Ryukyu Kingdom “is a very distant country, and the opening of its harbor cannot be discussed by us.”2 The few English-language studies3 of this encounter interpret this reply as evidence that 1 16 | 17 | 3 APJ | JF the bakufu was reluctant to become involved in and American sources relating to the discussions about the international status of negotiations between Perry and the bakufu in the Ryukyus; no further work has been done to 1854, I show that Abe did not draft his guide investigate the bakufu’s foreign policy toward immediately before, but rather after the Ryukyus between 1854 and the early Meiji negotiations were held at Uraga in 1854/2. -
1 07 Turmoil at the End of the Edo Period and the Shinagawa Daiba Battery
1_07 Turmoil at the End of the Edo Period and the Shinagawa Daiba Battery Turmoil at the End of the Edo Period and the Shinagawa Daiba Battery Growing External Threats and the Arrival of Commodore Perry From the end of the 18th century, many foreign ships began passing through the waters of Japan. With a growing sense of alarm, the Edo shogunate increased its coastal vigil throughout Japan, but as the number of foreign ships continued to grow, many incidents began to occur. The arrival of the U.S. naval squadron led by Commodore Matthew C. Perry in June 1853 in Edo Bay, the shogun’s very own backyard, was a major incident that shook the Edo shogunate to its core. Construction of the Shinagawa Battery To strengthen the defenses of Edo Bay, the Edo shogunate set about building 11 marine batteries from Shinagawa to Fukagawa Suzaki (present-day Koto City, Tokyo). Egawa Tarozaemon Hidetatsu, the daikan administrator of Nirayama in the Izuno Province (present-day Izunokuni City, Shizuoka Prefecture), directed the construction of the batteries based on documents from Europe. Due to a number of factors, including financial difficulties, however, only six batteries in total were completed, the Number One to Three batteries, Five and Six, and the shore-side Gotenyama Battery. Foreign Embassies at Gotenyama In 1858, Japan concluded treaties with the five nations of the United States, Holland, Russia, Britain and France, and it was decided that Edo would host foreign ambassadors, which led to the construction of embassies. This triggered attacks on foreigners by samurai who held anti-foreigner sentiments. -
The Namamugi Incident: an Investigation of the Incident and Its Repercussions
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyutacar : Kyushu Institute of Technology Academic Repository The Namamugi Incident: An Investigation of The Incident and Its Repercussions 著者 Ruxton Ian journal or 比較文化研究 publication title volume 27 page range 107-121 year 1994 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10228/00006840 Studies in Comparative Culture No.27,1994 THE NAMAMUGI INCIDENT: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INCIDENT AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS IAN C. RUXTON Kyushu Institute of Technology The Narnarnugi)ncident (otherwise known as The Richardson Affair or Narnarnugi Jiken in 'Japanese) occurred on September 14th, 1862. It is described as follows by Sir E. M. Satow in Chapter V of his personal memoirs of the years ” 1861-9,“A Diplomat in Japan : “On the 14th September a most barbarous murder was committed on a Shang hai merchant named Richardson. He, in company with a Mrs. Borrodaile of Hong kong, and Woodthorpe C. Clarke and Wm. Marshall both of Yokohama, were rid ing along the high road between Kanagawa and Kawasaki, when they met with a train of daimio ’ s retainers, who bid them stand aside. They passed on at the edge of the road, until they came in sight of a palanquin, occupied by Shimadzu Saburo, father of the Prince of Satsuma. They were now ordered to turn back, and as they were wheeling their horses in obedience, were suddenly set upon by several armed men belonging to the train, who hacked at them with their sharp edged heavy swords. Richardson fell from his horse in a dying state, and the ‘ other two men were so severely wounded that they called out to the lady : Ride ’ on, we can do nothing for you . -
The Satsuma Students
The Satsuma Students A prominent, 12-metre monument of nineteen youngsters clad in suit stands before the JR Kagoshima Chuo Station. They are the Satsuma Students, youths from Kagoshima who went to study in the West, during a time where overseas travel was banned. Shimadzu Nariakira, 28 th Lord of the Shimadzu Clan which ruled over the domain of Satsuma (present day Kagoshima prefecture), believed that Japan needed to acquire Western knowledge and technology to strengthen itself to avoid being colonised by the Western powers. Nariakira passed away in 1858, but his vision was being realised in 1865, when Satsuma assembled a group of youths and secretly sent them on a study mission to Europe. Except for one, all the other youths returned to Japan and contributed greatly to the modernisation of the country. Namamugi Incident and the Anglo-Satsuma War In 1862, four British nationals were being were being attacked by Satsuma samurai retainers in the town of Namamugi (present day Yokohama), for disrespecting their Lord. Although the unfortunate incident was born out of cultural misunderstanding, two of the British were seriously wounded and one died. As a result, the British demanded heavy reparations from the Bakufu government and the domain of Satsuma, which Satsuma refused. By the following year, a series of failed negotiations had led to the British Royal Navy sailing into Kagoshima Bay, demanding reparations directly from Satsuma. In attempt to coerce Satsuma into submission, the British seized three steamships in the bay, which were owned by Satsuma. Interpreting this as an act of aggression, Satsuma opened fire at the British, leading to the Anglo-Satsuma war. -
The Last Samurai: the Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori
THE LAST SAMURAI The Life and Battles of Saigo- Takamori MARK RAVINA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. THE LAST SAMURAI THE LAST SAMURAI The Life and Battles of Saigo- Takamori MARK RAVINA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2004 by Mark Ravina.All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada Design and production by Navta Associates, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as per- mitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: [email protected]. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty:While the publisher and the author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accu- racy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials.The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suit- able for your situation.You should consult with a professional where appropriate. -
Foreign Influence and the Transformation of Early Modern Japan
Foreign Influence and the Transformation of Early Modern Japan YAYORI TAKANO The Meiji Restoration of 1868 is known as one of the great turning points in Japanese history. An event unique to Japan, it was the Meiji Restoration that set Japan apart developmentally from its Asian neighbors. However, to fully understand the nature of the Restoration and how it occurred, examination of the preceding years is necessary. We can thus say the nineteenth century, or more specifically, the years from 1853 to 1868, identified as the bakumatsu, were a watershed in the history of Japan. The bakumatsu, whose characters give it the literal meaning “end of the bakufu,” was the transition period from the Edo period to the new Meiji era. It was during this time that Japanese political thought changed radically, shaking up the entire nation. After two hundred years of seclusion, the Japanese finally made the decision to end its sakoku foreign policy. Central authority in Japan underwent a huge transition as the power of the Tokugawa bakufu, the governing body of the Edo period, slowly deteriorated, and the foundation for the new Meiji government emerged. While other Eastern nations fell further behind Western powers in the changing world, Japan strode forward, maintaining its sovereignty and quickly catching up to the other major foreign powers. Over the years, historians have studied and analyzed the complexities of these years and their implications repeatedly. Interpretational differences regarding the significance of the Meiji Restoration, as well as differences of emphasis, or even fact, have given rise to many scholarly debates. The biggest controversy, however, surrounds the causes of the Restoration. -
Title Meiji Japan's Encounter with Modernization Author(S) Furukawa
Title Meiji Japan's Encounter with Modernization Author(s) Furukawa, Hisao Citation 東南アジア研究 (1995), 33(3): 497-518 Issue Date 1995-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56553 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies. Vol. 33, No.3, December 1995 Meiji Japan's Encounter with Modernization Hisao FURUKAWA * I The Modern Age The periodization of history is probably just as important a task for the historian as the establishment of areal divisions is for the researcher in area study. How history is divided, and how the world is divided into areas, express in their demarcations the condensation of a comprehensive view of world history and of a view of the relationship between nature and man. During my two trips to China in 1990 and 1991, I had the pleasure of reading Ichisada Miyazaki's two-volume History of China [Miyazaki 1977], which convinced me that the division of time into four periods - ancient times, the middle ages, pre-modern times, and most-modern times (the modern age) - in a centralized society such as China was appropriate. This four-period system is extended to the whole of world history, and the following reason is given for dividing Europe's modern age from pre-modern times. Silver ingots mined and smelted in the New World by slaves were brought to Europe, which profited from unheard-of prosperity.... The European world came to create an industrial revolutionary culture that practically regarded preceding cultures as worthless. This began in the latter half of the eighteenth century, and the history of Europe at this stage suddenly entered a new phase. -
The Intangible Warrior Culture of Japan: Bodily Practices, Mental Attitudes, and Values of the Two-Sworded Men from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries
The Intangible Warrior Culture of Japan: Bodily Practices, Mental Attitudes, and Values of the Two-sworded Men from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-first Centuries. Anatoliy Anshin Ph.D. Dissertation UNSW@ADFA 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have seen the light without the help of more people than I can name individually. I am particularly grateful to Professor Stewart Lone, UNSW@ADFA, and Professor Sandra Wilson, Murdoch University, for their guidance and support while supervising my Ph.D. project. All of their comments and remarks helped enormously in making this a better thesis. A number of people in Japan contributed significantly to producing this work. I am indebted to Ōtake Risuke, master teacher of Tenshinshō-den Katori Shintō-ryū, and Kondō Katsuyuki, director of the Main Line Daitō-ryū Aikijūjutsu, for granting interviews and sharing a wealth of valuable material during my research. I thank Professor Shima Yoshitaka, Waseda University, for his generous help and advice. I would like to express my infinite thankfulness to my wife, Yoo Sun Young, for her devotion and patience during the years it took to complete this work. As for the contribution of my mother, Margarita Anshina, no words shall convey the depth of my gratitude to her. 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgements…………..…………………………………………………….……1 Contents…………………………..……………………………………………………...2 List of Illustrations……………………………………………………………………….5 Conventions……………………………………………………………………………...6 List of Author’s Publications…………………………………………………………….8 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….9 -
The Japan Society Review80
The Japan Society Review 80 Book, Stage, Film, Arts and Events Review Issue 80 Volume 14 Number 2 (April 2019) The Tale of Genji (Genji monogatari) is arguably Japan’s most The Japan Society Review also includes reviews of two celebrated work of literature. Written by Murasaki Shikibu, a Japanese novels. Picnic in the Storm by Motoya Yukiko is a lady-in-waiting in the early eleventh-century imperial court, it collection of short stories examining a wide range of issues such is often considered the first example of a psychological novel in as loneliness, loss of identity and gender roles in contemporary the world. The Tale of Genji has influenced Japanese literature, Japan. A celebrated and prolific playwright and theatre director art and crafts for more than ten centuries and still does so today. as well as novelist, Motoya won the Akutagawa Prize in 2016 This issue of The Japan Society Review opens with a review of for ‘An Exotic Marriage’, a novella-length story included in this the catalogue of an exhibition held at the Metropolitan Museum volume. Ueno Tokyo Station by Yu Miri describes with a touching in New York in recognition of the one thousandth anniversary authenticity the experiences of an unfortunate man whose of the publication of The Tale of Genji. As Professor Timon life is tragically linked to Ueno Park in Tokyo. Yu, who also won Screech (SOAS) discusses in his review, both the catalogue and the Akutagawa Prize in 1996, uses her perspective as a zainichi the exhibition illuminates the importance of Genji in Japanese Korean writer to depict concealed parts of Japan’s history in visual culture. -
LCSH Section J
J (Computer program language) J.G.L. Collection (Australia) J. R. (Fictitious character : Bell) (Not Subd Geog) BT Object-oriented programming languages BT Painting—Private collections—Australia UF J. R. Weatherford (Fictitious character) J (Locomotive) (Not Subd Geog) J.G. Strijdomdam (South Africa) Weatherford, J. R. (Fictitious character) BT Locomotives USE Pongolapoort Dam (South Africa) Weatherford, James Royce (Fictitious J & R Landfill (Ill.) J. Hampton Robb Residence (New York, N.Y.) character) UF J and R Landfill (Ill.) USE James Hampden and Cornelia Van Rensselaer J. R. Weatherford (Fictitious character) J&R Landfill (Ill.) Robb House (New York, N.Y.) USE J. R. (Fictitious character : Bell) BT Sanitary landfills—Illinois J. Herbert W. Small Federal Building and United States J’rai (Southeast Asian people) J. & W. Seligman and Company Building (New York, Courthouse (Elizabeth City, N.C.) USE Jarai (Southeast Asian people) N.Y.) UF Small Federal Building and United States J. Roy Rowland Federal Courthouse (Dublin, Ga.) USE Banca Commerciale Italiana Building (New Courthouse (Elizabeth City, N.C.) USE J. Roy Rowland United States Courthouse York, N.Y.) BT Courthouses—North Carolina (Dublin, Ga.) J 29 (Jet fighter plane) Public buildings—North Carolina J. Roy Rowland United States Courthouse (Dublin, Ga.) USE Saab 29 (Jet fighter plane) J-holomorphic curves UF J. Roy Rowland Federal Courthouse (Dublin, J.A. Ranch (Tex.) USE Pseudoholomorphic curves Ga.) BT Ranches—Texas J. I. Case tractors Rowland United States Courthouse (Dublin, J. Alfred Prufrock (Fictitious character) USE Case tractors Ga.) USE Prufrock, J. Alfred (Fictitious character) J.J. Glessner House (Chicago, Ill.) BT Courthouses—Georgia J and R Landfill (Ill.) USE Glessner House (Chicago, Ill.) J-Sharp (Computer program language) USE J & R Landfill (Ill.) J.J. -
Richardson Affaire: Great Britain and the Tokugawa Bakufu 1862–18631
Richardson Affaire: Great Britain 1 OPEN and the Tokugawa Bakufu 1862–1863 ACCESS Roman Kodet In his famous novel Clouds above the Hill Japanese historical fiction novelist Shiba Ryōtarō wrote about the policy of the Great Powers at the end of the 19th century: “[…] the world was nothing but a stage for the plotting and wars of the Great Powers, who schemed and dreamed only of invasion. It was the age of imperialism. In that sense, there has perhaps never been such an exciting time. The Great Powers were carnivores whose fangs dripped blood”.2 Although it can be considered as rather sever judgment of a whole era of the international relations, the same could be written about the Great Powers policy in the 19th century as a whole. One of the manifestations of this policy of expansion and en- forcement of interests was the so-called gunboat diplomacy.3 Shiba’s critical assessment of this phenomenon of the 19th century could be a product of Japanese historical mem- ory, because the Land of the Rising Sun itself experienced this kind of imperial policy. The first and foremost of the use of the gunboat diplomacy against Japan was the opening of the country to the outside world itself. For more than 200 years Japan developed under the self-imposed seclusion (with the exception of the Dutch trade at the island of Dejima in Nagasaki). This policy of sakoku helped considerably through the exclusive control of foreign policy and trade by the military regime of the sho- gun to maintain the supremacy of the Tokugawa bakufu established in 1603.4 Thus 1 This study is one of the results of the grant project SGS-2015–014 Velká Británie, Francie a Japonsko ve druhé polovině 19.