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Land for the Dead Locating Urban Cemeteries, Case Study Guilin, China

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Land for the Dead Locating Urban Cemeteries, Case Study Guilin, China LLaanndd ffoorr tthhee DDeeaadd Locating Urban Cemeteries, Case Study Guilin, China Locating Urban Cemeteries, Case Study Guilin, China Zhang Dian September 2004 Land for the Dead Locating Urban Cemeteries, Case Study Guilin, China by Zhang Dian September 2004 Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Urban Planning and Land Administration. Thesis Assessment Board Prof. Dr. D. Webster (Chairman) Prof. Dr. H.F.L. Ottens (External Examiner) Dr. R. Sliuzas Drs. J. Verplanke (First Supervisor) Drs. P. Hofstee (Second Supervisor) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS I certify that although I may have conferred with others in preparing for this assignment, and drawn upon a range of sources cited in this work, the content of this thesis report is my original work. Signed ……………………. Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Abstract Cemetery is the place for institutionalised burial practice. Although burial land is of special meaning and importance to people, both the dead and the living, yet cemetery planning has long been ignored. The cemeteries capacity may be not enough to meet the increasing demand due to the fast increase of population, and the indiscriminate placing of cemetery sites arise many conflicts between burial land and other kind of land use because of its particular characteristic. The lack of planned and affordable land, which is the basic component of cemeteries calls for the responsibility of urban planners to ad- dress the problem before the situation slips irretrievably out of control. This problem frames this research. The north part of urban Guilin city in China has been chosen as a case study area. A comprehensive review of burial practice is carried out in order to determine the ele- ments involved in cemetery planning. Existing situation in the case study area is assessed to define the burial needs and requirements. As cemetery planning concerns both practical and immaterial issues, problem is taken into account with a structured criteria system consist of institutional, environmental, social and cultural aspects. To address a difficult urban planning work of this kind, a conceptual model is established, using a GIS-based decision support system to perform a multiple criteria analysis to support design and choice phase of locating urban cemeteries. The system supports the decision-making process in both design- ing the alternatives and making the choice. A particular form of sustainable development for cemetery location is analysed according to the special character of burial land. During the course, spatial- temporal analysis is carried out between three scenarios of different time based on the land use master plan of the study area in order to ensure a sustainable suitability of the alternatives for the sake of fu- ture development. Advice is given to the plan on the direction of urban expansion from a point of cemetery location. Alternatives are evaluated by both rational and emotional consideration in order to fulfil demands coming from various aspects. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out for the decision of which sites to develop and suggestions are given to future development and construction after analys- ing the result. Potential alternatives are ranked and suggestions have been given on how to deal with shortcomings after evaluated the choice. Recommendations have been presented for further works. Research shows special as burial land is, the planning procedure should be comprehensive as other kind of land use. Although based on current situation some limitations could not be totally avoid, this should not reduce the credibility and validity of the underlying planning theory and methodology rec- ommended herein. It can conclude that the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis is useful when locating suitable ur- ban cemeteries. The attention paid to cemetery planning is valuable for development of both lands for the dead and for the living. Acknowledgements Life is like a box of chocolate, you never know what you gonna get. The life in ITC is like riding on a roller coaster, which composed of challenge and excitement, anxiety and happiness. First of all, I would like to thank the cooperated program between SUS (School of Urban Studies in Wuhan University, China) and ITC (International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Ob- servation, the Netherlands), which gave me this precious chance to study abroad. I owe many thanks to my supervisor at SUS, Dr. Zhao Bing at SUS, for his understanding and encouragement, and Mrs. Du Ningrui, Dr. Huang Zhengdong and Mrs. Xiao Yinghui for their continuous help during the study pe- riod. I am extremely fortunate to meet my primary supervisor at ITC, Drs. Jeroen Verplanke, who has encouraged even from the very beginning when I worked on research proposal. After I came to ITC, he has taught me a lot not only from academic aspect but also through his devotion to work. His wisdom has been a constant challenge to my work throughout the process of formulating and developing this research. My second supervisor at ITC, Drs. Paul Hofstee, opened my eyeshot through his valuable directions. His innovative comments and ingenious vision greeting improved the content of this thesis. Dr. J. Turkstra and Dr. R. Sliuzas gave me comments and suggestions during their work at SUS. Dr. Ali Sharifi, Dr. Luc Boerboom and Mrs. Dr. Karin Pfeffer who gave excellent lecture and feedback to me at ITC deserve sincere thanks. Special thanks should be given to Mr. Colin Forbes in Council of Geoscience, South Africa, whom I have not even met. He patiently answered my questions through e-mail and kindly post me their re- search on cemetery investigation and lots of valuable information. This research also benefited from Urban Planning and Design Institute of Guilin, especially superin- tendent Mr. Yu Jianlin and Mrs. Zhong Yanhui, who support my investigation and practice in the in- stitute and introduced useful information on their project of cemetery location planning. I can help appreciating my classmates for their care and help both on study and life. Dr. Lu Zhengquan taught me ILWIS step by step. The Chinese group created a vivid atmosphere in both our cluster and dormitory, which coloured my life abroad. However, I am in great debt of my beloved family for their concern and support. Special gratitude should goes to my dear grandfather who encouraged me by granting me, with a smile, the role to choose his rest site at the first look of this research topic. Zhang Dian Enschede, the Netherlands September 2004 Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Figures List of Formulas List of Maps List of Photographs List of Tables 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Background ..............................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. Burial................................................................................................................................1 1.1.2. Cemetery and its Management .........................................................................................1 1.1.3. Cemetery Planning ...........................................................................................................2 1.2. Problem Statement ...................................................................................................................3 1.2.1. Shortage of Burial Land ...................................................................................................3 1.2.2. Unreasonable Location.....................................................................................................4 1.3. Research Objectives .................................................................................................................5 1.3.1. Main Objective.................................................................................................................5 1.3.2. Sub-objectives ..................................................................................................................5 1.4. Research Questions ..................................................................................................................5 1.5. Research Conceptual Framework.............................................................................................5 1.6. Research Scope.........................................................................................................................7 1.7. Structure of the Thesis..............................................................................................................7 2. Literatures Review ...........................................................................................................................8 2.1. Cemetery Planning Perspectives ..............................................................................................8 2.1.1. Institutional Perspective ...................................................................................................8
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