State and Revolution
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Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact. -
The Socialist Minority and the Paris Commune of 1871 a Unique Episode in the History of Class Struggles
THE SOCIALIST MINORITY AND THE PARIS COMMUNE OF 1871 A UNIQUE EPISODE IN THE HISTORY OF CLASS STRUGGLES by PETER LEE THOMSON NICKEL B.A.(Honours), The University of British Columbia, 1999 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of History) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2001 © Peter Lee Thomson Nickel, 2001 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Hi'sio*" y The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date AkgaS-f 30. ZOO I DE-6 (2/88) Abstract The Paris Commune of 1871 lasted only seventy-two days. Yet, hundreds of historians continue to revisit this complex event. The initial association of the 1871 Commune with the first modern socialist government in the world has fuelled enduring ideological debates. However, most historians past and present have fallen into the trap of assessing the Paris Commune by foreign ideological constructs. During the Cold War, leftist and conservative historians alike overlooked important socialist measures discussed and implemented by this first- ever predominantly working-class government. -
Muzeul National VII, 1983
ALEXANDRU COCIU — MEDIC ROMAN SOLIDAR CU REPUBLICANII ŞI COMUNARZII FRANCEZI IN ANII 1870—1871 de MIRCEA DUMITRIU Despre participarea unor cetăţeni din ţara noastră la evenimentele legate de războiul franco-prusac (1870—1871) şi de lupta eroică a Co munei din Paris împotriva reacţiunii versailleze, a aparatului de stat burghez francez ştirile sînt, în general, destul de restrînse şi disparate. Este certă însă participarea unor voluntari din România în unităţi ale armatei republicane franceze şi ulterior — după semnarea prelimina riilor păcii la Versailles, la 26 februarie 1871, ceea ce echivala cu un act de trădare naţională din partea guvernului francez condus de Thiers — la eroica activitate a Comunei din Paris, prima revoluţie so cialistă din lume, expresie a luptei proletariatului francez pentru eli berare socială şi naţională. Printre cei care nu şi-au precupeţit temeinicele cunoştinţe profe sionale, eforturile fizice şi elanurile generoase şi avîntate ale cauzei progresiste şi internaţionaliste pentru care au luptat şi s-au jertfit mulţi fii ai Franţei republicane şi comunarzi — numiţi de Karl Marx, pe bună dreptate, „asaltatori ai cerului" —, au fost şi tineri din România. Unul dintre aceştia, Alexandru Cociu născut la 14 aprilie 1845 la Bucureşti, a îmbrăţişat profesiunea de medic, urmînd între 1870—1875 cursurile Facultăţii de medicină din Paris, unde şi-a luat doctoratul în anul 1875. Student fiind în 1870—1871 în capitala Franţei, el a devenit cunoscut în cercurile pe care le frecventa în acei doi ani de frămîntate momente din viaţa politică şi socială a ţării în care se specializa pentru umanitara carieră de medic. Relatări despre prezenţa şi activitatea lui Cociu în componenţa corpului personalului medical încadrat în Ambulanţa Presei aparţinînd Ministerului de Război al Franţei au fost aduse la cunoştinţa opiniei publice din România prin intermediul unor periodice de epocă. -
Urban Communes and Soviet Socialism 1917-1932
Published on Reviews in History (https://reviews.history.ac.uk) Living the Revolution: Urban Communes and Soviet Socialism 1917-1932 Review Number: 2141 Publish date: Thursday, 27 July, 2017 Author: Andy Willimott ISBN: 9780198725824 Date of Publication: 2017 Price: £60.00 Pages: 224pp. Publisher: Oxford University Press Publisher url: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/living-the-revolution-9780198725824 Place of Publication: Oxford Reviewer: James Ryan For those interested in learning more about, and reflecting upon, the iconic Russian revolutions of 1917 during this centenary year, there has been no shortage of recent publications. Notable works by academic specialists published already this year include excellent new introductory texts on the Revolution written by Geoff Swain, Steve Smith, and Mark Steinberg, the latter two published by Oxford University Press. Another Oxford publication, Andy Willimott’s new book, the first comprehensive monograph on the urban commune phenomenon in early Soviet Russia, is perfectly timed. Based on a PhD dissertation, Willimott’s book directly and explicitly addresses the meanings of 1917. The result is a brilliant, erudite, and elegant contribution to our understanding of the Russian Revolution, a social and cultural history that illustrates vividly what the October Revolution meant to young activists inspired by the establishment of Soviet power. Based on exhaustive original research and a comprehensive reading of relevant secondary literature, it is a history that builds on seminal work in the social, cultural, political and intellectual history of the Soviet state over the last two decades or so. It contributes a rich and nuanced understanding of popular engagement with the October Revolution, a portrayal of the complex relationship between state and society in early Soviet Russia, and valuable insights into the social and cultural origins, and the nature, of early Stalinism. -
Behind and Beyond the Crisis Guglielmo Carchedi, International Socialism N°132, October 11
Behind and beyond the crisis Guglielmo Carchedi, International Socialism n°132, October 11 The 2007 financial crisis has reignited the discussion on crises, their origin and possible remedies.1 At present the most influential thesis on the left sees the crisis as caused by underconsumption and recommends Keynesian policies as a solution. This paper argues that we should understand the crisis from the perspective of Karl Marx’s “law of the tendential fall in the average rate of profit” (ARP), for short “the law”. Its characteristic feature is that technological progress decreases the rate of profit, rather than increasing it as is usually assumed. Let us see why. The law in a nutshell The law’s essential features are as follows: (1) Capitalists compete against each other by introducing new means of production incorporating new technologies. This is not the only form of competition but it is by far the most important one for understanding the dynamics of the crisis.2 (2) The new means of production increase the efficiency (output of use values per unit of capital invested) of the technological leaders in the productive sectors. (3) At the same time, the new technologies are designed to replace labourers with means of production. Therefore the technological leaders’ proportion of capital invested in means of production relative to that in labour power, the organic composition of capital, increases. Unemployment follows. (4) Since only labour creates value, less labour power employed means less (surplus) value created by high‐ technology capitals. All other things being equal, the ARP falls: ‘‘The rate of profit does not fall because labour becomes less productive, but because it becomes more productive”.3 Notice that it is the rate of profit and not the mass of profits that falls. -
The Paris Commune, a Story in Pictures
University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1932 The Paris Commune, a story in pictures William Siegel Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Siegel, William, "The Paris Commune, a story in pictures" (1932). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 762. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/762 - I- z,0 A STO"Y IN PlnURES -= BY WILLIAM SIEGE PUBLISHERS' NOTE THIS pamphlet is one of a series sponsored by the John Reed Club, an organization of revolutionary writers and artists, and is published by International Pamphlets, 799 Broadway, New York, from whom additional copies may be obtained at IO cents each. Special rates on quantity orders. I N TillS SERIES OF PAMPliLETS Previously PublisJlld I. K()D&K.... P.utJdll(G-SOVlET STYLE, by A""a LDuiu Slro", lot 2. WAil IN Till! PAIl UST, by HtlWy H IlU . IOC! J. CllDUCU. WAIlI'AU, b, DolllJld Camero" . lof 4. WO... : 011. WAGES, by GrlJU BunI..\llm . .. l of 5. TllI! STIlUOCU; 01' TH£ l4AlUN£ WOlllltEllJ, b, N. Sparks 2~ 6. SPU:DING UP THE WORKEItS, by Jamtl Barndt . 10\! 7. YANJo:EII OOWNlEII, by /larry GIl"nU. , of 8. TilE YltA.M.E·U. SYSTDf, by Ytr" 5mll"\. lof 9. -
Louise Michel
also published in the rebel lives series: Helen Keller, edited by John Davis Haydee Santamaria, edited by Betsy Maclean Albert Einstein, edited by Jim Green Sacco & Vanzetti, edited by John Davis forthcoming in the rebel lives series: Ho Chi Minh, edited by Alexandra Keeble Chris Hani, edited by Thenjiwe Mtintso rebe I lives, a fresh new series of inexpensive, accessible and provoca tive books unearthing the rebel histories of some familiar figures and introducing some lesser-known rebels rebel lives, selections of writings by and about remarkable women and men whose radicalism has been concealed or forgotten. Edited and introduced by activists and researchers around the world, the series presents stirring accounts of race, class and gender rebellion rebel lives does not seek to canonize its subjects as perfect political models, visionaries or martyrs, but to make available the ideas and stories of imperfect revolutionary human beings to a new generation of readers and aspiring rebels louise michel edited by Nic Maclellan l\1Ocean Press reb� Melbourne. New York www.oceanbooks.com.au Cover design by Sean Walsh and Meaghan Barbuto Copyright © 2004 Ocean Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-876175-76-1 Library of Congress Control No: 2004100834 First Printed in 2004 Published by Ocean Press Australia: GPO Box 3279, -
The Commune Movement During the 1960S and the 1970S in Britain, Denmark and The
The Commune Movement during the 1960s and the 1970s in Britain, Denmark and the United States Sangdon Lee Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History September 2016 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement ⓒ 2016 The University of Leeds and Sangdon Lee The right of Sangdon Lee to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 ii Abstract The communal revival that began in the mid-1960s developed into a new mode of activism, ‘communal activism’ or the ‘commune movement’, forming its own politics, lifestyle and ideology. Communal activism spread and flourished until the mid-1970s in many parts of the world. To analyse this global phenomenon, this thesis explores the similarities and differences between the commune movements of Denmark, UK and the US. By examining the motivations for the communal revival, links with 1960s radicalism, communes’ praxis and outward-facing activities, and the crisis within the commune movement and responses to it, this thesis places communal activism within the context of wider social movements for social change. Challenging existing interpretations which have understood the communal revival as an alternative living experiment to the nuclear family, or as a smaller part of the counter-culture, this thesis argues that the commune participants created varied and new experiments for a total revolution against the prevailing social order and its dominant values and institutions, including the patriarchal family and capitalism. -
Reflections on the Venezuelan Transition from a Capitalist Representative to a Socialist Participatory Democracy What Are Planners to Do?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons Reflections on the Venezuelan Transition from a Capitalist Representative to a Socialist Participatory Democracy What Are Planners to Do? by Clara Irazábal and John Foley Venezuela is experiencing a transitional political process in which the government and the majority of Venezuelans want to move from a capitalist representative democracy to a more socialist participatory democracy. This transition is enmeshed in complexities, contradictions, and political opposition. Reflection on the experience of accompanying neighborhood groups in local decision making in Caracas from 2002 to 2006 suggests that planning practitioners and scholars can be allies in the grassroots processes of empowerment and self-determination of local communities and advocates and active agents in the “trickling-up” of greater planning participation to upper levels of government. Keywords: Venezuela, Transition, Socialist participatory democracy, People’s power, Councils Clara Irazábal is assistant professor of international urban planning in the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation of Columbia University. John Foley (d. 2006) was a professor at the Instituto de Urbanismo of the Universidad Central de Venezuela. Irazábal honors his memory and, on his behalf, thanks all of the participants in the two case studies discussed in this article. Additionally, she thanks Gabriel Fumero, Silvia Fumero, Gonzalo Gómez, Teresa Rodríguez, Niurca Rodríguez, Werther Saldoval, and Gustavo Vizcuña for sharing their valuable insights as participants and/or observers of communal councils in Venezuela. Lastly, she acknowledges enriching comments on previous drafts by Steve Ellner and Daniel Hellinger. -
H-France Review Volume 17 (2017) Page 1
H-France Review Volume 17 (2017) Page 1 H-France Review Vol. 17 (August 2017), No. 139 Gavin Bowd, The Last Communard: Adrien Lejeune, the Unexpected Life of a Revolutionary. London and New York: Verso, 2016. 182 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $24.95 U.S. (hb). ISBN 978-1-78478-285-6. Review by John Bulaitis, Canterbury Christ Church University. The significance of the Paris Commune in shaping modern France divides opinion. For some historians, the commune marks the end of an era, “the last great uprising” of a period opened by the 1789 Revolution.[1] For others, its modern legacy is profound, “a touchstone…for an understanding of concepts ranging from class and revolution to femininity and masculinity.”[2] The conflict over the Commune’s meaning has also sharply divided the French left. The Communist Party (PCF) viewed it as an harbinger of the type of society for which they were the standard bearers: “the first revolution in which the working class was openly acknowledged as the only class capable of social initiative,” as Marx had said.[3] For communists, at least from the time of the Popular Front, 1871 symbolized the way the struggle for a democratic republic and national independence was fused with the aim of socialist revolution, the model for which was the Soviet Union. The party invested the Mur des Fédérés in Père Lachaise cemetery, the site of a massacre of Communards at the end of “Bloody Week” (28 May), with immense symbolic value. Others on the left challenged this interpretation and highlighted the communards’ commitment to a more spontaneous, democratic, and pluralist form of politics. -
The Political Nature of the Paris Commune of 1871 and Manifestations of Marxist Ideology in the Official Publications of the Central Committee
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2018 The Political Nature of the Paris Commune of 1871 and Manifestations of Marxist Ideology in the Official Publications of the Central Committee Emily M. Jones Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Intellectual History Commons, Labor History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5417 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Political Nature of the Paris Commune of 1871 and Manifestations of Marxist Ideology in the Official Publications of the Central Committee A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University by Emily Marshall Jones Bachelor of Arts, Randolph-Macon College, 2010 Director: Joseph W. Bendersky, PhD Department of History Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May, 2018 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Joseph Bendersky for his guidance and encouragement. His direction and excellent advising made both my research and this written work possible. I would also like to thank my readers, Dr. John Herman and Dr. Robert Godwin-Jones for their efforts, advice, and input. I want to thank my parents for their love, support, enthusiasm, and, most of all, their faith in me. -
The "Fifth International?": Dissidents in Eastern Europe
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 1 Issue 6 Article 2 11-1981 The "Fifth International?": Dissidents in Eastern Europe Wieland Zademach Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Zademach, Wieland (1981) "The "Fifth International?": Dissidents in Eastern Europe," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 1 : Iss. 6 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol1/iss6/2 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE "FIFTH INTERNATIONAL ?": DISSIDENTS IN EASTERN EUROPE* by Wieland Zademach Dr. Wieland Zademach is a Lutheran pastor in Streitau, _West Germany. His doctoral dissertation was written in 1971 about the Christian-Marxist dialogue of the 1960' s and published in 1973 in DUsseldorf as Marxistischer Atheismus und die biblische Botschaft von der Rechtfertigung des Gottlosen. In 1979, his book Eurokommu nismus�-Weg oder Irrweg was published in Munich. A new "ghost" seems to be stalking in Europe, and particularly in Eastern Europe, in the shape of civil rightists, dissidents, and defenders of human rights. The Polish writer A. Szczypiorski said two years ago that "no other political figur= has had such a flourishing career in European intellectual life during the last few y=ars as tqe dis- 1 sident." And clearly this career is giving increasingly frequent headaches to govern- ments in Eastern Europe.