Вестник Мордовского Университета Mordovia University Bulletin DOI: 10.15507/0236-2910
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Stinkhorns of the Ns of the Hawaiian Isl Aiian Isl Aiian Islands
StinkhorStinkhornsns ofof thethe HawHawaiianaiian IslIslandsands Don E. Hemmes1* and Dennis E. Desjardin2 Abstract: Additional members of the Phallales are recorded from the Hawaiian Islands. Aseroë arachnoidea, Phallus atrovolvatus, and a Protubera sp. have been collected since the publication of the field guide Mushrooms of Hawaii in 2002. A complete list of species and their distribution on the various islands is included. Figure 1. Aseroë rubra is commonly encountered in Eucalyptus plantations Key Words: Phallales, Aseroë, Phallus, Mutinus, Dictyophora, in Hawai’i but these fruiting bodies are growing in wood chip mulch surrounding landscape plants in a park. Pseudocolus, Protubera, Hawaii. Roger Goos made the earliest comprehensive record of mem- bers of the Phallales in the Hawaiian Islands (Goos, 1970) and listed Anthurus javanicus (Penzig.) G. Cunn., Aseroë rubra Labill.: Fr., Dictyophora indusiata (Vent.: Pers.) Desv., Linderiella columnata (Bosc) G. Cunn., and Phallus rubicundus (Bosc) Fr. Later, Goos, along with Dring and Meeker, described the unique Clathrus spe- cies, C. oahuensis Dring (Dring et al., 1971) from the Koko Head Desert Botanical Gardens on Oahu. The records of Dictyophora indusiata and Linderiella columnata in Goos’s paper actually came from observations by N. A. Cobb in the early 1900’s (Cobb, 1906; Cobb, 1909) who reported these two species in sugar cane fields on Hawai’i Island (also known as the Big Island) and Kaua’i, re- spectively, and thought they might be parasitic on sugar cane. To our knowledge, neither Linderiella columnata (now known as Figure 2. Aseroë arachnoidea forming fairy rings on a lawn in Hilo. Clathrus columnatus Bosc) nor Clathrus oahuensis has been seen in the islands since these early observations. -
(Basidiomycota, Phallales) in India
© 2018 W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences Plant and Fungal Systematics 63(2): 39–44, 2018 ISSN 2544-7459 (print) DOI: 10.2478/pfs-2018-0006 Morphological and molecular evidence for the occurrence of Itajahya galericulata (Basidiomycota, Phallales) in India Ravi S. Patel, Ajit M. Vasava & Kishore S. Rajput* Abstract. Itajahya galericulata (Phallales, Phallaceae) was previously reported from Article info several countries in South America and Africa. Recently we found I. galericulata in the Received: 2 May 2018 city of Vadodara, Gujarat State, India. To verify its identity we studied its morphology and Revision received: 21 Nov. 2018 performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuclear rDNA LSU and mitochondrial Accepted: 22 Nov. 2018 ATP6 loci. Here we also provide nuclear rDNA ITS sequences for the Indian collection, Published: 14 Dec. 2018 since up to now no sequences of this region have been available for I. galericulata in Corresponding Editor GenBank. This study furnishes the first evidence for the occurrence of I. galericulata in Marcin Piątek India and in Asia as a whole. Key words: Itajahya, Phallaceae, ITS, molecular phylogeny, DNA barcoding, India, Asia Introduction Members of the fungal family Phallaceae, classified a poorly known yet taxonomically important member of within the order Phallales and subphylum Basidiomycota, the genus – Itajahya galericulata – and concluded that are commonly known as stinkhorn mushrooms. The fam- it is phylogenetically separated from species of Phallus ily contains 21 genera and 77 species (Kirk et al. 2008), and Dictyophora. Their study also confirmed that Ita- including the genus Itajahya, which was first described jahya rosea and I. -
Global Warming and Mycoflora in the Baltic Region
ACTA MYCOLOGICA Dedicated to Vol. 41 (1): 79-94 Prof Dr. ALINA SKIRGIEŁŁO, 2006 Warszawa, with motivation of her 95th birthday Global warming and mycoflora in the Baltic Region HANNS KREISEL Zur Schwedenschanze 4, D 17498 Potthagen, [email protected] Kreisel H.: Global warming and mycoflora in the Baltic Region. Acta Mycol. 41 (1): 79 94, 2006. The author discusses possible effects of global warming on distribution and ecology of larger fungi, and presents examples of suggested indicator species which apparently are spreading from south to north. Only Basidiomycetes are corncerned, while actually no case of non lichenized Ascomycetes is known. A continued monitoring of the mentioned species is recommended. Key words: mycoflora, Basidiomycetes, global warming, Baltic Region INTRODUCTION Global warming (climatic change) with its consequences for weather and local climate, rising sea level, retreat of glaciers and of polar ice calottes, and subsequent nature catastrophes, actually is much disputed in newspapers, journals, and book publications. Highly reputed specialists of climatology, oceanography, or physics, have investigated the phenomena (e. g. Rahmstorf, Schellnhuber 2006). Since the end of last Ice Age, some 15 000 years ago, climate in central and northern Europe is warming, and enormous ice calottes have retired from this re- gion, making possible a re-settelement of large areas by vegetation and fauna. This process was not continuous, but interrupted by phases of standstill alternating with phases of further warming. Nevertheless, the actual phase of relatively fast warming is regarded as man-made to a large extent, and therefore requires special attention by scientists. Also in mycology, we are contemporary witnesses of changes in distribution and ecology of fungi, and we should use the chance to observe and describe the corre- sponding evolutions. -
Phallales of West Bengal, India. II. Phallaceae: Phallus and Mutinus
Researcher 2012;4(8) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher Phallales of West Bengal, India. II. Phallaceae: Phallus and Mutinus Arun Kumar Dutta1,2, Nilanjan Chakraborty1, Prakash Pradhan1,2 and Krishnendu Acharya1* 1. Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata- 700019. 2. West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Paribesh Bhawan, Salt Lake City, Kolkata- 700098 Email: [email protected] Abstract: Four members of Phallaceae were collected from different corners of West Bengal and among them three are reported to be new to India and one from West Bengal. A detailed macro and microscopic features of those members were presented in this paper. [Arun Kumar Dutta, Nilanjan Chakraborty, Prakash Pradhan and Krishnendu Acharya. Phallales of West Bengal, India. II. Phallaceae: Phallus and Mutinus. Researcher 2012;4(8):21-25]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 5 Key words: Agaricomycetes, diversity, macrofungi, new record 1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods The diversity and galaxy of fungi and their natural The study materials were collected during the field beauty has prime place in the biological world. Studies trips of various forested regions of West Bengal on macrofungal diversity have been carried out by (2009–2011). The morphological and ecological several countries, and new species for the world features were noted and colour photographs were taken macrofungal flora have continuously been documented in the field. After the specimens were brought to the from all over the world. Macrofungi not only produce laboratory, microscopic features were determined by the well attracted variously colored fruiting bodies, but using Carl Zeiss AX10 Imager A1 phase contrast also play a significant role in day to day life of human microscope. -
Field Mycology Index 2000 –2016 SPECIES INDEX 1
Field Mycology Index 2000 –2016 SPECIES INDEX 1 KEYS TO GENERA etc 12 AUTHOR INDEX 13 BOOK REVIEWS & CDs 15 GENERAL SUBJECT INDEX 17 Illustrations are all listed, but only a minority of Amanita pantherina 8(2):70 text references. Keys to genera are listed again, Amanita phalloides 1(2):B, 13(2):56 page 12. Amanita pini 11(1):33 Amanita rubescens (poroid) 6(4):138 Name, volume (part): page (F = Front cover, B = Amanita rubescens forma alba 12(1):11–12 Back cover) Amanita separata 4(4):134 Amanita simulans 10(1):19 SPECIES INDEX Amanita sp. 8(4):B A Amanita spadicea 4(4):135 Aegerita spp. 5(1):29 Amanita stenospora 4(4):131 Abortiporus biennis 16(4):138 Amanita strobiliformis 7(1):10 Agaricus arvensis 3(2):46 Amanita submembranacea 4(4):135 Agaricus bisporus 5(4):140 Amanita subnudipes 15(1):22 Agaricus bohusii 8(1):3, 12(1):29 Amanita virosa 14(4):135, 15(3):100, 17(4):F Agaricus bresadolanus 15(4):113 Annulohypoxylon cohaerens 9(3):101 Agaricus depauperatus 5(4):115 Annulohypoxylon minutellum 9(3):101 Agaricus endoxanthus 13(2):38 Annulohypoxylon multiforme 9(1):5, 9(3):102 Agaricus langei 5(4):115 Anthracoidea scirpi 11(3):105–107 Agaricus moelleri 4(3):102, 103, 9(1):27 Anthurus – see Clathrus Agaricus phaeolepidotus 5(4):114, 9(1):26 Antrodia carbonica 14(3):77–79 Agaricus pseudovillaticus 8(1):4 Antrodia pseudosinuosa 1(2):55 Agaricus rufotegulis 4(4):111. Antrodia ramentacea 2(2):46, 47, 7(3):88 Agaricus subrufescens 7(2):67 Antrodiella serpula 11(1):11 Agaricus xanthodermus 1(3):82, 14(3):75–76 Arcyria denudata 10(3):82 Agaricus xanthodermus var. -
A Survey of Fungal Diversity in Northeast Ohio1
A Survey of Fungal Diversity in Northeast Ohio1 BRI'IT A. BUNYARD, Biology Department, Dauby Science Center, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH 44124 ABSTRACT. Threats to our natural areas come from several sources; this problem is all too familiar in northeast Ohio. One of the goals of the Geauga County Park District is to protect high quality natural areas from rapidly encroaching development. One measure of an ecosystem's importance, as well as overall health, is in the biodiversity present. Furthermore, once the species diversity is assessed, this can be used to monitor the well-being of the ecosystem into the future. Currently, a paucity of information exists on the diversity of higher fungi in northern Ohio. The purpose of this two-year investigation was to inventory species of macrofungi present within The West Woods Park (Geauga Co., OH) and to evaluate overall diversity among different taxonomic groups of fungi present. Fruit bodies of Basidiomycetous and Ascomycetous fungi were collected weekly throughout the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, identified using taxonomic keys, and photographed. At least 134 species from 30 families of Basidiomycetous fungi and at least 19 species from 11 families of Ascomycetous fungi were positively identified during this study. The results of this study were more extensive than from those of any previous survey in northeast Ohio. These findings point out the importance of The West Woods ecosystem to biodiversity of fungi in particular, possibly to overall biodiversity in general, and as an invaluable preserve for the northeast Ohio region. OHIO J SCI 103 (2):29-32, 2003 INTRODUCTION need for biodiversity assessment to evaluate the fates Fungi are among the most diverse groups of living of ever-decreasing natural habitats (Hawksworth 1991; organisms on earth, though inadequately studied world- National Research Council 1993; Cannon 1997; Rossman wide (Hawksworth 1991; Cannon 1997; Rossman and and Farr 1997). -
Redacted for Privacy
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONOF Kentaro Hosaka for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on October 26, 2005. Title: Systematics, Phylogeny, andBiogeography of the Hysterangiales and Related Taxa (Phallomycetidae, Homobasidiomycetes). Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy Monophyly of the gomphoid-phalloid dadewas confirmed based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. Four major subclades(Hysterangiales, Geastrales, Gomphales and Phallales) were also demonstratedto be monophyletic. The interrelationships among the subclades were, however, not resolved, andalternative topologies could not be rejected statistically. Nonetheless,most analyses showed that the Hysterangiales and Phallales do not forma monophyletic group, which is in contrast to traditional taxonomy. The higher-level phylogeny of thegomphoid-phalloid fungi tends to suggest that the Gomphales form a sister group with either the Hysterangialesor Phallales. Unweighted parsimonycharacter state reconstruction favorsthe independent gain of the ballistosporic mechanism in the Gomphales, but the alternativescenario of multiple losses of ballistospoiy could not be rejected statistically underlikelihood- based reconstructions. This latterhypothesis is consistent with thewidely accepted hypothesis that the loss of ballistosporyis irreversible. The transformationof fruiting body forms from nongastroid to gastroidwas apparent in the lineage leading to Gautieria (Gomphales), but thetree topology and character statereconstructions supported that truffle-like -
New Record of Mutinus Caninus (Huds.) Fr. (Phallaceae) in Southern India, Tamil Nadu
Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) Volume 4, Issue 9 February 2016 206 ISSN: 2278-5213 RESEARCH ARTICLE New Record of Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr. (Phallaceae) in Southern India, Tamil Nadu Ramar Govindaraj, Michael Gabriel Paulraj and Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu* Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, TN, India [email protected]*; 044 2817 8348 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The dog stinkhorn mushroom Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr., belongs to Phallaceae family. It was recorded from Loyola College Campus, Chennai and also from some other places of Chennai city. Mutinus caninus was collected during southwest and northeast monsoon seasons from 2013-2015. This is a new record for Southern India. The morphological and microscopic characteristics of M. caninus were studied in detail for the confirmation of the species. Keywords: Dog stinkhorn, Mutinus caninus, microscopic characteristics, monsoon, southern India. Introduction portion with irregular pseudoparenchymatous processes, The family Phallaceae in fungi kingdom is commonly appearing pseudo-reticulate and Tuberculosi, with fertile called dog stinkhorns. It consists of 77 species described portion covered with digitate processes. Mutinus is close under 21 genera (Kirk et al., 2008). The genus Phallus is to Phallus, differing by the presence of gleba on the cosmopolitan in distribution, mostly saprophytes; nearly receptacle on the apical part of the pseudostipe in 76% of fruiting bodies grow in soil and 29% grow in leaf Phallus (Calonge, 1998). According to Index Fungorum litters. Ten percent of the species are documented as and MycoBank, there are 36 species of Mutinus ectomycorrhizal (Grgurinovic and Simpson, 2001). described to date. Mutinus caninus is the type species of It is wide spread in distribution and commonly found in the genus and six synonyms have been considered: North America, Europe and Asia. -
Stinkhorn Fungus
Extension Plant Pathology “Elegant Stinkhorn” September 2013 Elegant Stinkhorn – What a surprise ! Visit your garden and see this ominous, stinky, weird looking mushroom (Figure 1). Alarming? It could be. Until you know what it is....this mushroom is the fruiting body of Mutinus elegans, a fungus commonly known as the elegant stinkhorn, the headless stinkhorn, or the devil's dipstick (Mutinus caninus, the dog stinkhorn, is a very similar species). Colorful? Yes, in both appearance and name! This saprophyte is harmless to plants, but can be a shocking discovery in your garden. This fungus is typically found growing on the ground by itself or in small groups on woody debris or leaf litter, during summer and fall. It likes rich soils and plenty of moisture. In North America, it is most common east of the Rocky Mountains, but is occasionally found in the Western U.S. Figure 2. Mutinus elegans (Photo: David Dennis, NAMA, www.fcps.edu) The fruiting body begins its development in an "egg" form, resembling a “puffball” partially submerged in the ground (Figure 2). As the fruiting body matures, a slender orange to pink colored stalk emerges that tapers evenly to a pointed tip. The stalk is covered with a foul- smelling slimy green spore mass on the upper third of its length. Figure 1. Elegant stinkhorn fruiting body found in a yard in Mesilla Park, NM (Photo: Kathryn Post) New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educator. NMSU and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Extension Plant Pathology “Elegant Stinkhorn” Insects, particularly flies, feed upon the slime which contains the spores (Figure 3). -
Stinkhorn Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes: Phallales: Phallaceae)1 Eleanor Phillips, Jennifer L
PP345 Stinkhorn Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes: Phallales: Phallaceae)1 Eleanor Phillips, Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman, and Matthew E. Smith2 Summary methods to disperse to new areas. Fungi that do not release their spores into the wind are sometimes referred to as gas- “You’ll smell them before you see them!” is a common teromycetes (stomach fungi) or sequestrate fungi (because statement of caution experienced mushroom foragers will they sequester their spores away). Many gasteromycete tell you when discussing stinkhorn mushrooms. Stinkhorns fungi, including the stinkhorns, utilize other organisms for give off a strong, offensive, rotting odor. The odor is typi- spore dispersal. Stinkhorns are given their name due to the cally described as smelling of rotting dung or carrion or a smell emitted from the slimy spore mass that is most often combination of the two. Many stinkhorns have a phallic exposed at the top of their stalks at maturity. The spore appearance, which has led to their inclusion in different mass is typically referred to as the gleba. This smell is useful folklore and cultural superstitions worldwide. In fact, the in attracting insects and other invertebrates that spread the taxonomic name for this group is the Phallales in reference spores to new locations. Stinkhorn mushrooms typically to their phallic appearance, and one common genus in grow on decaying wood or other plant material (Bessette et this group of fungi is the genus Phallus. Their common al. 2007). Stinkhorns are especially common in the mulch name is derived from “stink” (for the foul smell they emit) of home gardens in Florida and across the Gulf Coast and “horn” (for the shape of the mature fruiting body). -
F Estschrift HANS SCHINZ
F estschrift HANS SCHINZ Beiblatt zur Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. 1928 No. 15 Jahrg. 73 ZÜRICH In Kommission bei Beer Co. 1928. Die Festschrift Hans Schinz ist am 6. Dezember 1928 ausgegeben worden. Sie ist irn Buchhandel einzeln käuflich. Buchdruckerei Gebr. Fretz A.G., Zürich, Verehrter Jubilar! Ein halbes Jahrhundert lang hast Du unermüdlich das Feld der Wissenschaft beackert. Weit herum sind die Saaten aufgegangen und haben reiche Frucht zur Reife gebracht. Darum wollen Deine Jünger, vereint mit einer Schar Deiner Freunde und Berufsgenossen, es sich nicht nehmen lassen, Dir heute, da Du das sieb- zigste Lebensjahr vollendest, eine kleine Ernte auf den Geburtstagstisch zu legen. Nimm die Gabe mit freu- digem Herzen hin ! Sie sei ein kleines Zeichen unserer Dankbarkeit und der Ausdruck unseres herzlichen Wunsches, Du mögest des Segens Deiner Arbeit, die Dir allezeit Leben war, froh werden. Für die Festschrift-Kommission der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich Der Schriftleiter: ERNST FURRER. Verzeichnis der Abhandlungen (1) in der Reihenfolge des Eingangs. Seite 1. ED. FISCHER. Untersuchungen über Phalloideen aus Surinam. Mit 7 Textbildern und 2 Tafeln (I, II) . 1 2. HENRI SPINNER. Contribution ä la biologie et ä la phytogéographie de quelques phanérogames du Jura neuchâtelois . Avec 2 cartes 40 3. A. THELLUNG. Über die Frühjahrs-Veilchenflora von Lugano. Mit 1 Tafel (III) . • 62 4. WILLEM EDUARD DE MOL. Producing at will of fertile diploid and tetraploid gametes in Duc van Thol, Scarlet (Tulipa suaveolens Roth). Whit 22 figures in text and an 2 plates (IV, V) . 73 5. CLARA ZOLLIKOFER. Über Phototonus und Plagiotropie. Mit 4 Text- bildern . -
Pathology and Nematology
SNA Research Conference Vol. 60 2015 Pathology and Nematology Alan Windham Section Editor Pathology and Nematology 138 SNA Research Conference Vol. 60 2015 Nuisance Fungi of Bark Mulches and Media John Olive1 and Alan Windham2 1Auburn University Ornamental Horticulture Research Center, Mobile, AL 36608 2University of Tennessee Extension Soil, Plant Pest Center, Nashville, TN 37211-5112 [email protected] Index Words: bird’s nest fungi, stinkhorn, artillery fungus, Cyathus, Sphaerobolus, Leucocoprinus, Mutinus, Fuligo septica, Significance to Industry: Wood, bark and other forest by-products make up a significant portion of organic mulches in landscapes and potting media in commercial nurseries. Unfortunately, these substrates provide the perfect growing media for a number of nuisance fungi. Although these fungi are not harmful to the plants growing in the media, they are often unsightly and aesthetically unappealing, or malodorous and can be disagreeable to the final consumer. These fungi may speed decomposition of bark substrates and mulches. Nature of Work: Various fungi that grow in landscape mulches and potting media are regular submissions to plant disease diagnostic labs and are often observed on field visits to nurseries and greenhouses. Most of these fungi are not harmful to the plants they are growing with so identifying these nuisance fungi is useful to growers and consumers alike to ease fears and prevent unnecessary chemical applications. Results and Discussion: There are many fungi that are considered a nuisance in potting media, greenhouses, and landscape mulches. Only a few are covered here. Bird’s Nest Fungi are so named because they are vase shaped and resemble a tiny bird’s nest complete with a cache of eggs.