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THE CASE of MASBATE Therese R

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THE CASE of MASBATE Therese R Working Paper No. 2018-12 CHARACTERISTICSMaria Cristina Alvarez,Agnes OC.F Rola,RURAL Aileen HOUSEHOLDS V. Lapitan,Purisima ING. BayacagISLAND, Ivee V. COMMUNITIES: Fuerzas, Joy C. Lizada, THE Virgilio CASE Julius OF Manzano MASBATE Jr., Catherine Cervantes, Teresita Espinosa, Fitz Jimenez, DaiseiriePungtilan, and Ralf Tabanyag Therese R. Olviga Center for Strategic Planning and Policy Studies (formerly Center for Policy and Development Studies) College of Public Affairs and Development University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna 4031 Philippines Telephone: (63-049) 536-3455 Fax: (63-049) 536-3637 Homepage: https://cpaf.uplb.edu.ph/ i The CSPPS Working Paper series reports the results of studies by the Center researchers and CPAf faculty, staff and students, which have not been reviewed. These are circulated for the purpose of soliciting comments and suggestions. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of CSPPS, the agency with which the authors are affiliated, and the funding agencies, if applicable. Please send your comments to: The Director Center for Strategic Planning & Policy Studies (formerly CPDS) College of Public Affairs and Development University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna 4031 Philippines Email: [email protected] ii ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of the household surveys conducted in lowland and upland communities in Milagros, Masbate. The household surveys aimed to establish a baseline of the socio-demographic profile and farming practices of the rice farmers in the study areas before the intervention of the CRDES Project. A total of 240 farmers were surveyed – 150 from lowland communities (Narangasan, Capaculan, Tawad, Cayabon, Bacolod) and 90 from the uplands (Matagbac, Sawmill, and San Carlos). Among the data gathered are the biophysical characteristics of Masbate, the socio-demographic characteristics of farmer- respondents and their households, and their technological practices. Milagros, a first class municipality in the second district of Masbate, is composed of 27 barangays/villages that are mostly agricultural-based. Farming and fishing are the main sources of livelihood of the people in the municipality. As of 2012, the poverty incidence in the Milagros registered at 49.6%. This implies that almost half of the households situated in the municipality of Milagros is having a hard time meeting their basic food and non-food needs. At the provincial level, the poverty incidence estimate is lower at 40.6%. From the data, it can be seen that despite being a first class municipality, a considerable percentage of the population in the province is still finding it hard to meet their daily needs. According to NSCB (2013), the poverty threshold for the country was Php 7, 890 in 2012. This amount is the income needed to meet the basic food and non-food needs of a family of five. In 2014, the poverty threshold is higher at Php 105, 336 in a year. From the baseline survey, it was discovered that 80% of the respondents have income that are below the poverty line. For the 2015 survey, on the other hand, all respondents were found out to have income that is below the poverty threshold of Php 108, 786. Results of the survey indicate that majority of the respondents depend on agriculture for their subsistence. Majority of them are male and married. The average age of rice farmers in the lowlands and uplands is 49 and 45 years old, respectively. Most of them are elementary and high school graduates. Rice is the main crop planted in the study areas. A few also plant root crops such as cassava and sweet potato. Monocropping is the dominant farming system followed by respondents and on average, farmers in the lowlands get to plant more frequently than those in the uplands due to a number of factors which include insufficiency of water. The average area allotted for upland rice production is generally greater than the average area allotted for rainfed rice production; however, the yield per hectare of rice production is relatively higher in the lowlands than the uplands. Rice production in the study sites is affected by a variety of factors ranging from pests and diseases to climate variability. In cases where insufficiency and lack of crop yield is observed, respondents look for other sources of income. Most respondents venture in poultry and livestock production for personal consumption and additional income. Some respondents also have other non-farm sources of income which include employment, pensions, and remittances. Regarding enhancing farm productivity and income, there is a great opportunity for improvement in both study sites. Farmers are very driven to learn new ways of farming and are very motivated to improve their yields. Keywords: household survey, rice farmers, upland, rainfed, Milagros, Masbate iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 1 II. Methodology 1 III. Economic conditions and agriculture in Masbate 1 IV. Results of the baseline survey 4 4.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of farmers and their households 4 4.2 House ownership and household utilities 5 4.3 Household assets 6 4.4 Climatic conditions and farming environment in Milagros, Masbate 8 4.5 Farming and farm-related characteristics 11 V. Summary and Conclusion 17 VI. References 18 List of Tables Page Table 1. Selected socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, Milagros, 5 Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 2. Household characteristics of respondents, Milagros, Masbate, 6 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 3. Percentage of farmers with the following household assets, 7 Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015 Table 4. Sources of income, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015 7 Table 5. Start and end of wet season, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 8 percent Table 6. Farmer’s description of wet season, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 8 2015, in percent Table 7. Frequency of natural flooding during rainy season, Milagros, 9 Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 8. Degree farms by respondents are affected by floods, Milagros, 9 Masbate, 2013-2014, in percent Table 9. Start month of dry season, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 9 percent Table 10. Farmer’s description of dry season and soil moisture, Milagros, 10 Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 11. Percentage of farmers with soil fertility indicators, Milagros, 10 Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 12. Soil fertility indicators of farmers, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 11 2015, in percent Table 13. Status of soil and soil conservation practices of respondents, 11 Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 14. Percentage of farmers with the following major farm assets, 12 Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 15. Number of parcels of land, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 12 percent Table 16. Average size of farm/holding of respondents, Milagros, Masbate, 12 2014 and 2015 Table 17. Ownership of primary parcel of land, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 13 iv 2015, in percent Table 18. Crops planted by respondents in their primary parcel of land, 13 Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 19. Livestock raised by farmers, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 14 percent Table 20a. Information on livestock raised, lowland, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 14 Table 20b Information on livestock raised, upland, Milagros, Masbate, 2015 15 Table 21. Animal tending practices, livestock, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 15 2015, in percent Table 22. Poultry raised by farmers in Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 16 percent Table 23. Average number of poultry raised by farmers, Milagros, Masbate, 16 2014 and 2015 Table 24. Reasons for raising fowls, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 16 percent Table 25. Feeds used for fowls, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in percent 16 Table 26. Fowl tending practices, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015, in 17 percent Table 27. Information regarding fish culture integration, Milagros, Masbate, 17 2014 and 2015, in percent Table 28. Percentage of farmers who think fish integration is possible in their 17 farm, Milagros, Masbate, 2014 and 2015 List of Figures Page Figure 1. Rice production in metric tons, Masbate, 2006-2017 3 Figure 2. Area allotted for rice production, Masbate, in hectares, 2007-2017 3 Figure 3. Yield per hectare in metric tons, Masbate, 2007-2017 4 v CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ISLAND COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF MASBATE Therese R. Olviga I. Introduction This chapter reports the findings of the household surveys conducted in Milagros, Masbate before the intervention of the CRDES Project. The survey was undertaken to provide baseline data on the characteristics of respondents and their households, their farming practices, farming and farm-related characteristics, and yield. The generated data were used in the monitoring and evaluation of interventions and were also integrated into the modules used in the Climate Field Schools in the study sites. The province of Masbate is predominantly agricultural. A notable percentage of the population in Masbate is engaged in farming wherein farm lands are often planted with rice, corn, root crops and coconut. Aside from lands dedicated to farming, a large portion of Masbate’s land area is devoted to cattle-raising while fishing dominates the coastal areas. Aside from being an agricultural province, Masbate, which is also rich in gold, is considered to have the biggest mining operation in the Bicol region. The province is also rich in minerals such as manganese, copper, silver, iron, chromite, limestone, guano and carbon and is described by geologists as a province sitting in a “pot of gold”. (Milagros ICRM Plan, 2010) II. Methodology Two sets of household surveys were conducted in Milagros, Masbate. The first set included five (5) rainfed lowland barangays while the second set included three (3) upland barangays. Upon consultation with the Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) of Milagros, Masbate, it was decided that lowland barangays will be chosen for the first year of the project.
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