Pop Culture Universe: Icons, Idols, Ideas 6/3/14, 10:09 AM
Pop Culture Universe: Icons, Idols, Ideas 6/3/14, 10:09 AM print page close window The Beatles The most successful group of the 1960s, the Beatles reshaped and reinvigorated rock and roll, arriving in the post- Presley period just when rock music had been tamed. Isolated from the cultural center of London, the Beatles emerged from the unlikely working-class environment of Liverpool, England, an industrial shipping-port city where residents had access to foreign goods such as American rhythm and blues (R&B) and jazz records. With British radio playing few American rock records in the late 1950s, these American imports exposed aspiring musicians John Lennon and Paul McCartney to Little Richard and Fats Domino. Lennon's childhood was marred by exploding Nazi bombs, and an unstable home life. After the divorce of his parents, Lennon was raised by his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith. After hearing Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel," Lennon pursued a career in music, abandoning the notion of being a sailor like his father. Given an inexpensive guitar by his mother Julia, Lennon suffered another tragedy when she was struck and killed by a bus. The son of a jazz bandleader, McCartney grew up in a stable environment until 1956, when his mother died of cancer. While attending the prestigious Liverpool Institute, McCartney became obsessed with the guitar, finally purchasing one at age 14. A fan of rockabilly, he emulated guitarists like Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran. The eldest Beatle, Richard Starkey Jr. (later, Ringo Starr), was the son of a baker.
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