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Eriss Research Summary 2013-2014 supervising scientist report 209 eriss research summary 2013–2014 Supervising Scientist It is Supervising Scientist policy for reports in the SSR series to be reviewed as part of the publications process. This Supervising Scientist Report is a summary of the 2013-14 research programme of the Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist and, although not externally peer-reviewed, it has been reviewed internally by senior staff. Editor Supervising Scientist – Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin NT 0801, Australia This report should be cited as follows: Supervising Scientist 2015. eriss research summary 2013-2014. Supervising Scientist Report 209, Supervising Scientist, Darwin NT. Example of citing a paper in this report: Turner K & Marshall S 2015. Investigation of water quality in the Gulungul Creek catchment to the west of Ranger’s tailings storage facility. In eriss research summary 2013-2014. Supervising Scientist Report 209, Supervising Scientist, Darwin NT, 3-26. Supervising Scientist is a branch of the Australian Government Department of the Environment © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. SSR209 is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ ISSN-2203-4781 (online) ISBN 978-1-921069-28-4 Internet: http://www.environment.gov.au/science/supervising-scientist/publications The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Contents Preface vii Maps x Part 1: Ranger – Current operations KKN 1.2: Ongoing operational issues Investigation of water quality in the Gulungul Creek catchment to the west of Ranger’s tailings storage facility 3 Toxicity of ammonia to local freshwater biota 26 The sensitivity of Moinodaphnia macleayi to uranium 34 The toxicity of uranium to sediment biota of Magela Creek backflow billabong environments 44 The effect of uranium on the structure and function of bacterial sediment communities 54 Reference toxicity testing for routine toxicity test species 59 KKN 1.3: Monitoring Results of the stream monitoring programme in Magela Creek and Gulungul Creek catchments, 2013–14 69 Surface water quality monitoring: Ranger 71 In situ toxicity monitoring in Magela and Gulungul Creeks (routine monitoring) 91 Bioaccumulation in freshwater mussels and fish 95 Monitoring using macroinvertebrate community structure 100 Monitoring using fish community structure 106 Monitoring of radionuclides and metals in groundwater at Ranger 109 Atmospheric radioactivity monitoring in the vicinity of the Ranger mine 117 Environmental factors associated with toxicity monitoring in Magela and Gulungul Creeks 123 iv Part 2: Ranger – Rehabilitation KKN 2.2: Landform design Sediment losses from the trial landform 131 A multi-year assessment of landform evolution model predictions for a trial rehabilitated landform 141 Use of slackwater deposits and other forms of geologic evidence to determine the number, magnitude and frequency of palaeofloods in the Alligator Rivers Region 147 Sediment movement in Magela Creek Catchment 154 Radon exhalation from a rehabilitated landform 156 Radionuclide fluxes from the Ranger Trial Landform 160 KKN 2.5: Ecosystem establishment Developing water quality closure criteria for Ranger billabongs using macroinvertebrate community data 166 Development of turbidity closure criteria for receiving surface waters following Ranger minesite rehabilitation 181 Aquatic ecosystem establishment 187 Ranger revegetation 191 Post-rehabilitation radiation exposure due to Aboriginal bush foods from terrestrial ecosystems 199 A catalogue of traditional plant foods in Kakadu National Park 206 Environmental media concentration limits for terrestrial wildlife 213 KKN 2.6: Monitoring Developing monitoring methods using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS): Jabiluka revegetation 222 Remote sensing analysis of the inter-annual variation of Magela Creek floodplain vegetation: 2010–2013 229 v KKN 2.7: Risk Assessment Rehabilitation and closure ecological risk assessment for the Ranger uranium mine: Identification and incorporation of key ecological processes 242 Part 3: Jabiluka Surface Water Quality Monitoring: Jabiluka 246 Sediment movement off the rehabilitated Jabiluka minesite 248 Appendix 1 Supervisng Scientist publications and presentations for December 2013 to July 2014 258 Appendix 2 List of inactive,delayed or other projects for which summaries are not provided in this report 263 Appendix 3 Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee Key Knowledge Needs 2008–2010: Uranium mining in the Alligator Rivers Region 264 vi Preface The Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist (eriss) is part of the Supervising Scientist Division (SSD) of the Australian Government’s Department of the Environment (DoE). eriss provides specialist technical advice to the Supervising Scientist on the protection of the environment and people of the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) from the impact of uranium mining. Its major function is to conduct research into developing leading practice methodologies for monitoring and assessing the impact of uranium (U) mining on water and air (transport pathways) and soil, and on the bushfoods that are consumed by the local Indigenous people. This research spans the operational, decommissioning and post-rehabilitation phases of mining. eriss also applies its expertise to conducting research into the sustainable use and environmental protection of tropical rivers and their associated wetlands, and to undertaking a limited programme of contract research on the impacts of mining elsewhere in the north Australian tropics. The balance and strategic prioritisation of work within the uranium component of eriss’ project portfolio are defined by Key Knowledge Needs (KKNs) developed through consultation between the Alligator Rivers Region Technical Committee (see ARRTC membership and function in Appendix 2), the Supervising Scientist, Energy Resources of Australia Ltd (ERA) and other stakeholders. The KKNs are subject to ongoing review by ARRTC to ensure their currency in the context of any significant changes that may have occurred in U mining related activities and issues in the ARR. Not all of the KKN research areas (Appendix 3) are able to be covered by eriss, since not all of the required disciplines are available within the Institute. To address these particular gaps, collaborative projects are conducted between eriss and researchers from other organisations, and consultants are commissioned by eriss and others to undertake specific pieces of work. For example, KKN projects related to detailed hydrogeology or tailings management on the Ranger lease are conducted and reported separately by consultants engaged by ERA. A more complete picture of the scope of research work that is conducted by all parties can be obtained by referring to the minutes that are produced for the meetings of ARRTC: www.environment.gov.au/ssd/communication /committees/arrtc/meeting.html. This report documents the monitoring and research projects undertaken by eriss over the 2013–14 financial year (1.7.13 to 30.6.14). Most of the work presented in the report was also presented to ARRTC at its 33rd Meeting in November 2014. Where possible, papers have been updated following significant feedback from ARRTC, although this may not be the case for all papers. The report is structured according to the five major topic areas in the KKN framework, noting that this year there are no papers for the last two topics. 1. Ranger – current operations 2. Ranger – rehabilitation 3. Jabiluka 4. Nabarlek 5. General Alligators Rivers Region vii Not all of the projects in eriss’ KKN project suite have been reported on since; for reasons of staff resourcing or other demands in the context of absolute project priority, no substantive work may have been done on a particular project during the past year. A list of those projects that have not been reported on, and a summary of the reasons for the reduced activity, is provided in Appendix 2. Much of the monitoring and research work conducted by eriss is focused on the wet season and its immediate aftermath, since it is during this period that the environment is potentially at most risk from past and current uranium mining activities. The 2013–14 wet season was well above average with a total of rainfall at Jabiru Airport of 1963 mm (annual average 1536 mm). During 2013–14, progress of the research programme was again limited by budget constraints making additional/new recruitment difficult. However, the opportunity during the third quarter to recruit several short-term (3 month) non-ongoing contracts in the Revegetation and Landscape Ecology (RLE) programme and Hydrologic, Geomorphic and Chemical Processes (HGCP) programme, and retain existing
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