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1 Social Environmental and Biological Association (SEBA) Reg. No. S/IL/22805 of 2004-2005

EXECUTIVE BODY OBJECTIVES OF SEBA President Dr. Supatra Sen ★ To promote and encourage social and environmental education. Vice-President ★ To create awareness in protection, preservation and restoration of environment, biodiversity and cultural tradition of India. Dr. N. C. Nandi Dr. Rina Chakraborty ★ To undertake research projects as well as to provide advisory service relating to social, biological and environmental sciences, aquaculture, Secretary wildlife and wetlands. Dr. V. V. Gantait ★ To undertake socio-cultural, environmental and biodiversity awareness Treasurer programmes by organising outreach programmes, seminar, workshop, Dr. Anirudha Dey exhibition and nature study camp. Asstt. Secretary ★ To collaborate with non-Government and Government organization to Dr. Sujit Pal promote social, environmental and biological education, awareness, Dr. B. K. Modak conservation and research. Members ★ To publish journals, newsletters and leaflets containing research papers, review papers and popular articles for the fulfillment of Dr. T. K. Pal foregoing objects. Dr. Amalendu Chatterjee Dr. M. K. Dev Roy Shri Kajal Ghosh

ADVISORY BODY OUTREACH PROGRAMMES OF SEBA Dr. A. K. Das Dr. A. K. Sanyal SEBA (a registered non-profit making organisation devoted Dr. D. R. Mondal to social and biological aspects of environment conservation Dr. C. Kalavati and awareness having qualified and experienced environment professionals) invites educational institutions, Government and Dr. S. K. Pramanik non-governmental organizations for outreach programmes Outreach Programmes on social, environmental and biological aspects suited to Co-ordinators (ORPC) organization’s needs or on the following themes : Dr. Rina Chakraborty 1. Antarctica Expedition 13. Green technology Dr. V. V. Gantait 2. Climate change 14. Water pollution Dr. Mrinal Mukherjee 3. Coral Reefs 15. Pest Management Dr. Ch. Satyanarayanana 4. Mangroves 16. Environmental education Dr. Amales Misra 5. Wetlands 17. Environmental Impact 6. Fisheries Sociology Assessment Please visit us at 18. Biodiversity Conservation http:// 7. Zootherapy Seba2004.tripod.com 8. Ecosystems of India 19. Disaster Management 9. Co-evolution and Island 20. Wildlife Trade biogeography 21. Ethnomedicine MEMBERSHIP FORM : P. 108 GUIDELINES TO 10. Indingenous knowledge 22. Threatened animals CONTRIBUTORS : 11. Aquarium fish/ Ornamental fish 23. Animal Farming See Inside Back Cover 12. Vermiculture/ Vermicomposting 24. DNA barcoding

1 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIOBIOLOGY

Volume 15 (No. 1) June, 2018

Social Environmental and Biological Association (Seba) kolkata 2018 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIOBIOLOGY An Official Publication of Social Environmental and Biological Association

Chief Editor Executive Editors Dr. T. K. Pal, Ex-Emeritus Scientist, ZSI/SEBA Dr. D. Datta, RKMVCC/SEBA 49-C, Gobindapur Road, Lake Gardens Email: [email protected] Kolkata-700 045 (Mob.-9433016738) Dr. M. K. Dev Roy, SEBA Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Editorial Co-ordinators Editorial Secretary Dr. Anirudha Dey, SEBA Dr. Mousumi Roy, KBBN College, Kolkata Dr. V. V. Gantait, ZSI/SEBA Email: [email protected] Suresh Shah, ZSI/SEBA, Kolkata Email: [email protected] Associate Editors Dr. N. C. Nandi : Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata Dr. R. Chakraborty : Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata Dr. A. Chatterjee : Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata Dr. F. B. Mondal : Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal Dr. K. Acharya : Department of Botany, Calcutta University, Kolkata–700 019 Dr. R. K. Bhakat : Dept. of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal Dr. A. Mukherjee : Dept. of Botany, Burdwan University, West Bengal Dr. Sankar Kr. Ghosh : Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal

Co-editors Dr. M. S. Malhotra : National Institute of Malaria Research, ICMR, New Delhi Dr. C. Balasundaram : Dept of Animal Science, Bharatidasan University, Tiruchirapalli Dr. Neera Srivastava : Dept. of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur–302 004 Dr. S. Mukherjee : National Institute of Public Finance & Policy, New Delhi Dr. Mita Banerjee : WBUTTEPA, Kolkata, West Bengal Dr. B. P. Mishra : Dept. of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl

Editorial Advisors Dr. A. Choudhury : Ex-Head, Dept. of Marine Sci., Calcutta University, Kol-700 019 Dr. K. Venkataraman : Ex-Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Dr. Kailash Chandra : Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 053 Dr. Richard C. Smardon : SUNY College of Environmental Science, Syracuse, USA Dr. Indraneil Das : Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Malaysia Dr. Sudhendu Mandal : Dept. of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIOBIOLOGY

Vol. 15 (No. 1) 2018 1-106

CONTENTS

Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida—M. K. Dev Roy ..... 1-73 On some fish diversity pattern of Sundarban delta, West Bengal— Arpita Rakshit and Ipsita Chanda ..... 75-82 Status, conservation and management of non-human primates in India : a mini review—R. P. Mukherjee ..... 83-88 Phytoresources from Durgapur forest range, West Bengal and their sustainable use—Tripti Bouri and Ambarish Mukherjee ..... 89-92 Diversity of nematodes associated with mangrove forests in India— Keya Haldar and Viswa Venkat Gantait ..... 93-96

Influence of music and non-music stream of study on psychological well-being of tertiary students—Ankita Parui and Paromita Ghosh ..... 97-102

Short Communication

On the state of honey production in the Indian Sundarban mangrove forests : A sample survey—S. K. Pramanik and N. C. Nandi ..... 103-104

Befriendly behaviour of rufous treepie at Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan—Mousumi Roy ..... 105-106 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED n No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. n This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher’s consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published.

Published by the Secretary, Social Environmental and Biological Association (SEBA-http://Seba 2004.tripod.com), 33C Madhab Halder Road, Behala, Kolkata–700 034, Reg. No. S/IL/22805 of 2004-2005, so far funded by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi and printed at Calcutta Repro Graphics, 36/8B, Sahitya Parishad Street, Kolkata–700 006. J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 1-73, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : December, 2018 / Accepted : 20 March, 2018 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

CATALOGUE ON COPEPOD FAUNA OF INDIA. PART I. CALANOIDA

M. K. Dev Roy* Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata Email : [email protected]

ABSTRACT An inventory of Indian Calanoid copepod has been prepared in the form of a catalogue dealing with 287 species and subspecies belonging to 82 genera and 25 families. Among these, 99 are marine and 55 freshwater forms, remaining 143 species occur in estuarine and diversified water conditions. Maximum species have been recorded in Kerala (114 species) while the minimum are recorded from the states of Delhi, Manipur and Uttarakhand being represented by one species each. The distribution of the calanoid species in India are also incorporated in this catalogue. Key words: Calanoid copepod, Catalogue, Distribution, India INTRODUCTION Calanoids are mostly planktonic, occurring in oceans, seas, estuaries, backwaters, rivers, lakes and ponds. They are among the most successful of all copepods colonizing all parts of the pelagic environment of both marine and freshwater ecosystems.Bulk of the planktonic copepods in the oceans consist of calanoids which may be more than 70% of all net-collected zooplankton. Some species are even found in anchialine caves. As a group, calanoids are extremely important as primary consumers in marine and freshwater food webs. They form a major part of diet of many marine animals and commercial fishes (either in their larval or adult forms). Calanoids are readily distinguished from other copepods by their long antennae which are at least half the length of their body, in the possession of biramous second antennae and presence of a joint between fifth and sixth body segments. The group comprises of 2822 species under 354 genera and 46 families world-wide (updated from Boltovskoy et al., 2005). There is no consolidated account dealing with calanoid copepod fauna of India. The purpose of the present communication is to fill up this gap and make an updated inventory of calanoid copepods from major ecological habitats and their state-wise distribution in India. This is the first catalogue on calanoid copepods of India. It is hoped that this will form a data-base for future workers interested to carry out work in this group.

*Former Scientist, Crustacea Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE Taxonomy and distribution of Indian calanoids are known mainly from the works of Sewell (1914, 1919, 1924, 1929, 1932, 1934) where more than 100 species and subspecies have been recorded/described and illustrated. Besides, calanoids of Indian coasts have been investigated by a number of workers such as Andhra Pradesh (Ganapati and Rao, 1954; Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Tamil Nadu (Sewell, 1914; Chacko, 1950; Krishnaswamy, 1951, 1953a, b, 1956; Prasad, 1956; Kartha, 1959; Ummerkutty, 1960, 1963, 1966; Santham and Perumal, 2003), Gujarat (Patel, 1975; Govindan et al., 1977; Madhupratap and Haridas, 1992; Kadam and Tiwari, 2015), Maharashtra (Cleve, 1903; Bal and Pradhan, 1945, 1952; Pillai, 1968; Ramaiah and Nair, 1997; Gaibhiye et al., 1991), Karnataka (D’Costa and Pai, 2015; Ramalingappa et al., 2015; Ramachandran et al., 2012), Goa (D’Costa and Pai, 2015), Kerala (George, 1953; Saraswathy, 1966, 1973; Gopalakrishnan, 1973), Andaman Sea (Pillai, 1969, 1976a; Roy, 1977; Raghunathan et al., 2009; Nishida et al., 2015) and Lakshadweep waters (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; Wolfenden, 1906; Goswami, 1973, 1979; Haridas and Madhupratap, 1978; Haridas et al., 1994; Achuthankutty et al., 1989). Several researchers have worked out on the estuarine/brackishwater calanoids of India such as Hugli-Matla estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986; Anonymous, 1987; Khan, 1995), Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013), Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996), Rushikulya (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Devi (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Godavari estuary (Chandramohan, 1977; Rakesh et al., 2013); Coum and Adyar estuary (Shanthi and Ramanibai (2010), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010), Mandovi- Zuari estuary (Goswami, 1972, 1982, 1993; Goswami et al., 1979; Goswami and Singbal, 1974). Pillai (1976b) published a list of estuarine copepods of India wherein 62 species of calanoids were included. There are a good number of backwaters in southern part of India. Calanoids of Cochin backwaters have been studied (George, 1953; 1958; Abraham, 1970a, b, 1972, 1976; Silas and Pillai, 1975; Madhupratap and Haridas, 1976; Madhupratap and Haridas, 1978; Madhupratap and Pillai, 1975, 1979; Wellershaus, 1969, 1970; Dev Roy et al., 2009). Copepods inhabiting lacustrine ecosystem have been investigated by many workers viz. Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924), Kolleru Lake (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984) and Wular Lake (Shah and Pandit, 2013; Shah et al., 2013). A good number of workers have also studied freshwater calanoids from different States of India such as West Bengal (Gurney, 1907; Brehm, 1953; Roy, 1998; Khan, 2002; Dev Roy et al., 2007; Ganesan and Khan, 2008), Bihar (Brehm, 1953; Verma and Dutta Munshi, 1983; Sharma et al., 2011), Jharkhand (Gurney, 1907), Assam (Brehm, 1953; Reddiah, 1964a, b; Sharma and Sharma, 2008, 2013; Ranga Reddy, 2013a), Meghalaya (Brehm, 1953; Reddiah, 1965; Ranga Reddy and Das, 1981; Roy, 1999), Manipur (Ranga Reddy, 2013b), Tripura (Roy, 2000; Venkataraman et al.,

2 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

2002), Odisha (Sehgal, 1967, 1983), Andhra Pradesh (Brehm, 1953; Anonymous, 2001), Rajasthan (Kumar and Kaur, 2015), Himachal Pradesh (Brehm, 1950b; Thakur et al., 2013), Uttar Pradesh (Brehm, 1953), Uttara Khand (Kumar et al., 2012; Malik and Panwar, 2016), Madhya Pradesh (Dussart and Fernando, 1988; Bano et al., 2017), Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016; Kulkarni et al., 2018), Kashmir (Nath, 1994; Yousuf, 1988; Shah et al., 2013), Tamil Nadu (Ravichandran and Gomathi, 2014). In addition, some authors have also studied on calanoids of the Indian Ocean (Anonymous, 1977; Rao, 1979 and Madhupratap and Haridas, 1986). STUDY METHODS Data for the present work has been gathered from scattered publications of the concerned group. Important review works on Indian calanoids by eminent workers (Pillai, 1975; Pillai, 1976a; Silas and Pillai, 1973; Ranga Reddy, 1985, 1987, 1988; Ranga Reddy and Das, 1981; Radhakrishna and Ranga Reddy, 1977a, b; Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1982; Hossain, 1985; Bhattacharya et al., 1990; Ranga Reddy and Subba Reddy, 1992; Dumont and Ranga Reddy, 1993; Moon et al., 2014) have been consulted for the purpose. Many species described as new has been synonymised as a result of current taxonomical studies. All such informations have been taken into consideration while preparing this catalague. In synonymy, only Indian works have been cited. In some cases, specific locality/State could not be ascertained due to simple mention of geographical co-ordinates. Genus, subgenus, species and subspecies marked with asterisk (*) indicate newly described taxa from India. In general, unnamed species are excluded from the genus, if there is any named species. Distribution of species is reflected based on present state-wise status of the area/locality as the earlier localities were reorganized in several cases. The classification outlined by Martin and Davis (2001) has been adopted in this work mostly with some modification. In this communication, families, genera and species have been arranged alphabetically. The following abbreviations have been used in the text: M= Marine BW= Brackishwater EW= Estuarinewater FW= Freshwater CATALOGUE OF SPECIES A total of 287 species belonging to 25 families and 82 genera has been enumerated (Tables 1 and 2) as catalogue of species since critical evaluation of the validity of species status could not be made in this study. Among these, 99 are marine and 55 freshwater forms while rest 143 species occur in estuarine and diversified water conditions. State-wise, Kerala supports the highest number of species (116) which is followed by Lakshadweep and Tamil Nadu being represented by 107 species each (Table 3). Two species namely, Sinodiaptomus ganesa and Acrocalanus gardineri are considered as taxa inquirenda while Centropages tenuiremis and Neodiaptomus madrasensis are treated as nomen dubium. There are also two doubtful records (Anomalocera patersoni and Pontella mediterranea). State-wise distribution of species has been indicated in this catalogue (Table 1) as well as summarised in Table 3. A list of unnamed species is also provided in Table 4 for future study.

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Table 1. Catalogue of species showing distribution in India

Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Subclass COPEPODA H. Milne Edwards, 1840 Infraclass NEOCOPEPODA Huys and Boxshall, 1991 Superorder GYMNOPLEA Giesbrecht, 1882 Order CALANOIDA G. O. Sars, 1903 Family ACARTIIDAE Sars, 1903 Genus Acartia Dana, 1846 Subgenus Acanthacartia Steuer, 1915 *1. Acartia (Acanthacartia) bilobata Abraham, 1970 M, EW Syn. Acartia bilobata : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1970a, b; Tranter and Abraham, 1971), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) 2. Acartia (Acanthacartia) chilkaensis Sewell, 1919 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Sewell, 1932), Hooghly River at Naihati, Nawabganj and vicinity of Howrah Bridge, Kolkata at Salt Lake, Tolly’s Nallah and Gangajoara, Chingrighatta, Dhappa and Uttarbhag (Sewell, 1934); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1932, 1934); Andhra Pradesh:Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b) Syn. Acartia chilkaensis : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan 1963); West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1934), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Goa: Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1917b) Syn. Acartia ‘chilkensis’ (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) *3. Acartia (Acanthacartia) dweepi Haridas and Madhupratap, 1978 M Syn. Acartia dweepi : Lakshadweep: Agatti Atoll (Haridas and Madhupratap, 1978; Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 4. Acartia (Acanthacartia) pietschmani Pesta, 1912 M, BW Syn. Acartia pietschmanii (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914) 5. Acartia (Acanthacartia) plumosa T. Scott, 1894 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Falta and Diamond Harbour, Salt Lakes and Chingrighatta (Sewell, 1934), Salt Lakes (Sewell, 1932): Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Cochin backwater, Pillai, 1976b) Syn. Acartia plumosa : West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Roy, 1998); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979; Kerala: Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1970b; Tranter and Abraham, 1971), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975); Pillai et al., 1973), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) 6. Acartia (Acanthacartia) tropica Ueda and Hirromi, 1897 BW, EW Syn. Acartia tropica : Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) 4 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Subgenus Acartiura Steuer, 1915 7. Acartia (Acartiura) clausi Giesbrecht, 1889 M, EW Syn. Acartia clausi : Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Tamil Nadu: Parangipettai coast (Santham and Perumal, 2003) Syn. Acartia ‘clausii’ (misspelling) : Andhra Pradesh: Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001) 8 Acartia (Acartiura) discaudata (Giesbrecht, 1881) M, BW Syn. Acartia discaudata : Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947) Subgenus Euacartia Steuer, 1915 *9. Acartia (Euacartia) sarojus Madhupratap and Haridas, 1994 M : Gujarat: Singach near Jamnagar (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1994) 10. Acartia (Euacartia) southwelli Sewell, 1914 M, BW, EW : Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1932), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b) *Acartia southwelli : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1934); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Chennai coast (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914), Porto Novo (Santhanam et al., 1975), Parangipettai coast (Santham and Perumal, 2003), Tuticorin (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1994), Parangipettai coast (Santham and Perumal, 2003), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1994), Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1970b; Tranter and Abraham, 1971), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009) Subgenus Odontacartia Steuer, 1915 11. Acartia (Odontacartia) amboinensis Carl, 1907 M Syn. Acartia amboinensis : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni and Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 12. Acartia (Odontacartia) bispinosa Carl, 1907 M : Andaman Islands: Macpherson Strait (Sewell, 1932) 13. Acartia (Odontacartia) bowmani Abraham, 1976 M, BW *Syn. Acartia bowmani : Odisha:Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1976) 14. Acartia (Odontacartia) centrura Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuaries (Khan, 1995); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Cochin backwater, 1976b)

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Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Syn. Acartia centrua : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013; Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903); Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Tranter and Abraham, 1971; Pillai et al., 1973), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Ayiramthengu (Ranjana and Amina, 2018), Ashtamudy estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987) Syn. Acartia ‘centrusa’ (misspelling) : Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) 15. Acartia (Odontacartia) erythraea Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuaries (Khan, 1995); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden) Syn. Acartia erythraea : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Rushikulya, Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950), Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Porto Novo (Santhanam et al., 1975), Parangipettai coast (Santham and Perumal, 2003), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979) Camburja canal (Goswami, 1982), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947; George, 1953), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin backwater (Tranter and Abraham, 1971; Pillai et al., 1973), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 870 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni Atoll (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Acartia ‘erythreae’ (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) Syn. Acartia ‘erythraca’ (misspelling) : Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996) Syn. Acartia ‘erythracea’ (misspelling) : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009) Syn. Acartia ‘erythrea’ (misspelling) : Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947)

6 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 16. Acartia (Odontacartia) pacificaSteuer, 1915 M, BW, EW : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b) Syn. Acartia pacifica : Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) 17. Acartia (Odontacartia) spinicauda Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Diamond Harbour, Salt Lakes, Chingrighatta (Sewell, 1934), Hugli-Matla estuaries (Khan, 1995); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator Station 614 (Nankauri Harbour) and Expedition Harbour in Nicobar group of Islands (Sewell, 1932) Syn. Acartia spinicauda : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Chemaguri (Anonymous, 1987), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1934), Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996), Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2011), Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950), Porto Novo (Santhanam et al., 1975), Parangipettai coast (Santham and Perumal, 2003), Coum and Adyar rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2011), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945; Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Tranter and Abraham, 1971), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Pillai et al., 1973), Ashtamudy estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni and Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Acartia ‘spinicuda’(misspelling) : Kerala: Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009) Syn. Acartia (Odontacartia) spinicaudata : Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975) Subgenus Planktacartia Steuer, 1915 18. Acartia (Planktacartia) danae Giesbrecht, 1889 M, EW : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep (Wolfenden 1911)

7 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Syn. Acartia danae (Giesbrecht) : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Tamil Nadu: Porto Novo (Santham et al., 1975), Chennai coast (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Parangipettai coast (Santham and Perumal, 2003), Nori backwater (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Kerala: Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 868 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni and Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 19. Acartia (Planktacartia) negligens Dana, 1849 M, EW : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelago (Wolfenden, 1911) Syn. Acartia negligens : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982), Colva(D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 858 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) *20. Acartia (Planktacartia) seshaiyai Subbaraju, 1969 M : Tamil Nadu: Vellar estuary, 11°29´ N., 79°49´ E. (Subbaraju, 1969) *Genus Acartiella Sewell, 1914 21. Acartiella gravelyi (Sewell, 1919) M, BW, EW : Maharashtra:Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Cochin (Sewell, 1919), Cochin backwater (Tranter and Abraham, 1971; Pillai et al., 1973; Pillai, 1976b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) Syn. Acartia gravelyi : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Syn. Acartia (Acartiella) gravelyi : Kerala: Cochin backwater (George, 1958) *22. Acartiella kempi Sewell, 1914 M, BW : Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914) Syn. Acartia kempi : Tamil Nadu: Porto Novo (Santham et al., 1975) Syn. Acartia (Acartiella) kempi : Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914) *23. Acartiella keralensis (Wellershaus, 1969) M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Kachubaria (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Tranter and Abraham, 1971; Pillai et al., 1973; Pillai, 1976), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) Syn. Acartia keralensis : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Wellershaus, 1969)

8 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. *24. Acartiella major Sewell, 1919 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Gazikhal canal (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1919, 1924, 1934); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Syn. Acartia major : Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Coum estuaries (Eswari and Ramanibai, 2004); Kerala: Ayiranthengu (Ranjana and Amina, 2018) Syn. Acartia (Acartiella) major : West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Sewell, 1932), Hooghly River at Budge Budge and Diamond Harbour (Sewell, 1934); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1932, 1934); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984) *25. Acartiella minor Sewell, 1919 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1919, 1924, 1934); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Syn. Acartia (Acartiella) minor : West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Sewell, 1932); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1932); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984) 26. Acartiella sewelli (Steuer, 1934) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Kachubaria (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Hugli-Matla estuaries (Khan, 1995); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Cochin backwater, 1976b) Syn. Acartia sewelli : West Bengal: Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Andhra Pradesh: Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001); Tamil Nadu: Porto Novo (Santhanam et al., 1975) 27. Acartiella tortaniformis (Sewell, 1912) BW, EW : West Bengal:Chingrighatta canal, Uttarbhag Bidya river and Pirkhali (Roy, 1998); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Syn. Acartia (Acartiella) tortaniformis : West Bengal: Hooghly River from Nawabganj and down to Diamond Harbour, Calcutta at Salt Lake, Tolly’s Nallah at Magrahat and at Garia Bridge and Gangajoara, Chingrighatta and Uttarbhag (Sewell, 1934) Family AETIDEIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Aetideus Brady, 1883 28. Aetideus giesbrechti Cleve, 1904 M Syn. Euaetideus giesbrechti : Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966) Genus Euchirella Giesbrecht, 1888 29. Euchirella amoena Giesbrecht, 1888 M Syn. Euchirella brevis : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961)

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Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 30. Euchirella bella Giesbrecht, 1888 M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 867 (Goswami, 1979) 31. Euchirella curticauda Giesbrecht, 1888 M : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996) 32. Euchirella messinensis (Claus, 1863) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) 33. Euchirella pulchra (Lubbock, 1856) M : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996) 34. Euchirella rostrata (Claus, 1866) M : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Genus Senecella Juday, 1923 35. Senecella calanoides Juday, 1923 BW, FW : Jammu and Kashmir: Neelnag and Kounsarnag Lake (Nath, 1994) Genus Undeuchaeta Giesbrecht, 1888 36. Undeuchaeta plumosa (Lubbock, 1856) M Syn. Undeuchaeta minor : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Family ARIETELLIDAE G. O. Sars, 1902 Genus Metacalanus Cleve, 1901 37. Metacalanus aurivilli Cleve, 1901 M, EW : Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator Station, 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1932), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 857 (Goswami, 1979); Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963) Family AUGAPTILIDAE Sars, 1905 Genus Haloptilus Giesbrecht, 1898 38. Haloptilus longicornis (Claus, 1863) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 867 (Goswami, 1979) Family CALANIDAE Dana, 1849 Genus Calanus Leach, 1816

10 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 39. Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) M, EW : Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009) Genus Canthocalanus A. Scott, 1909 40. Canthocalanus pauper (Giesbrecht, 1888) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986); South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha:Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin backwater (George, 1958; Pillai, 1976b); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour and in the Expedition Harbour in the central group of Nicobar Islands (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 867 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Calanus pauper : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Genus Cosmocalanus Bradford & Jillett, 1974 41. Cosmocalanus caroli (Giesbrecht, 1888) M Syn. Undinula darwini var. caroli : Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914), Madras (Krishnaswamy, 1956); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 470, Car Nicobar ( earlier Kar Nicobar) (Sewell, 1914); Lakshadweep (Wolfenden, 1905) 42. Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) M, EW : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Kerala: Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979) Syn. Calanus darwini : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Syn. Undinula darwini : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar, Chemagari (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati Shanthakumari, 1961); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966)

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Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Syn. Undinula darwinii : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 470, Car Nicobar (Sewell, 1914) Syn. Undinula darwini var. intermedia : Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973) Syn. Undinula darwini var. symmetrica : Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 855 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Undinula darwini var. typica : Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami and Singbal, 1974)

Genus Mesocalanus Bradford and Jillett, 1974

43. Mesocalanus tenuicornis (Dana, 1849) EW : Odisha: Rushikulya and Devi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015) Syn. Calanus tenuicornis : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963) Genus Nannocalanus G. O. Sars, 1925

44. Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Rushikulya, Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 859 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Calanus minor : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Syn. Nannocalanus ‘minaor’ (Claus) forma major (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Madras coast (Krishnaswamy, 1956)

Genus Neocalanus G. O. Sars, 1925

45. Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1852) M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: “Investigator Station 614, Nankauri harbour (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973) Syn. Calanus gracilis : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903)

46. Neocalanus robustior (Giesbrecht, 1888) M Syn. Calanus robustior : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903)

12 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Genus Undinula A. Scott, 1909

47. Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849) M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977; Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Calanus vulgaris : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Syn. Undinula vulgaris var. giesbrechti : Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975) Syn. Undinula vulgaris var. typica : Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 873 (Goswami, 1979)

Family CANDACIIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Candacia Dana, 1846

48. Candacia armata Boeck, 1872 M : Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996)

49. Candacia bradyi A. Scott, 1902 M, EW : East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Cochin backwater (Pillai et al., 1973, 1976b); Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 854 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Candacia bradyii : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009)

50. Candacia catula (Giesbrecht, 1889) M : Odisha: Devi (Baliarsingh et al., 2014) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

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Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 51. Candacia catula similis Wolfenden, 1905 M Syn. Candacia catula var. similis Wolfenden, 1905 : Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1906)

52. Candacia curta (Dana, 1849) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961)

53. Candacia discaudata A. Scott, 1909 M, EW : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Goa: (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 869 (Goswami, 1979)

54. Candacia ethiopica (Dana, 1849) M Syn. Candacia aethiopica : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 856 (Goswami, 1979)

55. Candacia pachydactyla (Dana, 1849) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 856 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

56. Candacia samassae Pesta, 1941 M : West coast of India: Between 07°18´N. - 18°30´N and 70°00´ E. - 76°57´ E. (Pillai, 1967)

57. Candacia simplex (Giesbrecht, 1889) M, EW : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961) Syn. Paracandacia simplex : Odisha: Devi estuary (Baliarsingh et al., 2014)

58. Candacia truncata (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Candacia turgida : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961) Syn. Paracandacia truncata : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015)

14 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Family CENTROPAGIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Centropages Kroyer, 1849 59. Centropages alcocki Sewell, 1912 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Ashtamudy estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 882 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Centropages alcockii (misspelling) : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai et al., 1973) 60. Centropages calaninus (Dana, 1849) M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Tamil Nadu: Chennai coast (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

61. Centropages chierchiae Giesbrecht, 1889 M : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903)

62. Centropages dorsispinatus Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986); South Sagar, Mandirtala, Mooriganga (Anonymous, 1987), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996), Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Chennai coast (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945; Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 874 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Centropages ‘dorsipinates’ Thompson and Scott (misspelling) : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuaries (Khan, 1995) Syn. Centropages ‘dorisispinatus’ (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015)

63. Centropages elongatus Giesbrecht, 1896 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 860 (Goswami, 1979)

15 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 64. Centropages furcatus (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986); South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987); Odisha: Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996), Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi (Baliarsingh et al., 2014) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganpati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Chennai coast (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstehile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Sewell, 1932; Pillai, 1976b), Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947; George, 1953), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Unspecified locality (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni and Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 864 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Centropages ‘fuscatus’ (misspelling) : West Bengal: Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989) 65. Centropages gracilis (Dana, 1849) M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 862 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 66. Centropages orsinii Giesbrecht, 1889 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996), Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013), and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977; Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b); Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelago (Wolfenden, 1911), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 854 (Goswami, 1979)

16 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. *67. Centropages trispinosus Sewell, 1914 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996), Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914, 1932), Krusadai Island, Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Krishnaswamy, 1951); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 865 (Goswami, 1979) 68. Centropages typicus Krøyer, 1849 M, EW : Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstehile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945) 69. Centropages violaceus (Claus, 1863) M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator Station 614 (Sewell, 1932) Genus Isias Boeck, 1865 70. Isias clavipes Boeck, 1865 M, EW : Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947) *71. *Isias cochinensis Pillai, 1975 M, EW : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) *72. *Isias tropica Sewell, 1924 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1932); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Kerala: Cochin Harbour (Kasthurirangan, (1963), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Syn. ‘Isian’ tropica (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Genus Limnocalanus G. O. Sars, 1863 73. Limnocalanus sp. FW : Jammu and Kashmir: Neelnag Lake (Nath, 1994) Family CLAUSOCALANIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Clausocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888 74. Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator Station 614 (Nankauri Harbour (Sewell 1929; Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson andA. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 868 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Calanus arcuicornis : Kerala: Trivandum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973)

17 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 75. Clausocalanus farrani Sewell, 1929 M : Tamil Nadu: Madras coast (Krishnaswamy, 1956)

76. Clausocalanus furcatus (Brady, 1883) M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911) Genus Pseudocalanus Boeck, 1872 77. Pseudocalanus elongatus (Boeck, 1865) M : Kerala: Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009) Family DIAPTOMIDAE Baird, 1850 Genus Acanthodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 78. Acanthodiaptomus denticornis (Wierzejski, 1887) FW : Jammu and Kashmir: Phashakur near Pampur, Sundar Khun, Manasbal Lake (Kiefer, 1939); Dal, Manasbal, Neelnag, Naranbagh Lakes and ponds of Kashmir (Nath, 1994) Syn. Diaptomus denticornis : West Bengal: Kangsabati Reservoir (Bera et al., 2014)

79. Acanthodiaptomus parvispineus Kiefer, 1935 FW : Jammu and Kashmir: Alpathar Lake (Nath, 1994) Syn. Acanthodiaptomus (Haplodiaptomus) parvispineus : Jammu and Kashmir: Chushul (? Chusol) (Kiefer, 1939) Genus Aglaodiaptomus Light, 1938 80. Aglaodiaptomus dilobatus (M.S. Wilson, 1958) FW Syn. Diaptomus dilobatus : Jammu and Kashmir: Neelnag Lake (Nath, 1994) Genus Allodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Subgenus Allodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 81. Allodiaptomus (Allodiaptomus) intermedius Ranga Reddy, 1987 FW *Syn. Allodiaptomus intermedius : Andhra Pradesh: Dharmavaram in Anantapur district and Cumbum in Prakasam districts (Ranga Reddy, 1987)

82. Allodiaptomus (Allodiaptomus) mirabilipes Kiefer, 1936 FW, EW Syn. Allodiaptomus mirabilipes : Jammu and Kashmir: Kashmir (Nath, 1994); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Kiefer, 1936c); Karnataka: Mysuru (erstwhile Mysore) (Kiefer, 1936a); Sharavathi River Basin (Ramachandra et al., 2012), Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Quilon, Trivandrum and Ernakulum (Brehm, 1953), Aroor in Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1972), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009, Cleetus et al., 2016)

18 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 83. Allodiaptomus (Allodiaptomus) satanas (Brehm, 1952) FW *Syn. Neodiaptomus satanas : West Bengal: Sukna (= ? Soukna) (Brehm, 1952, 1953); Meghalaya: Tasek Lake, Chitmareng Lake and Nursery Fish Ponds in Garo Hills (25°32´40´´N., 90°33´12´´E.) (Ranga Reddy and Das, 1981) *Subgenus Reductodiaptomus Ranga Reddy, 1987 84. Allodiaptomus (Reductodiaptomus) raoi Kiefer, 1936 FW : Maharashtra: Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016) *Syn. Allodiaptomus raoi : Tripura: Unspecified locality (Ranga Reddy, 1987); Andhra Pradesh: Ponds and reservoirs in Guntur and Krishna districts, River Krishna at Vijayawada, Lake Kolleru near Kolletikota and Nagarjuna University campus at Nagarjunanagar (Ranga Reddy, 1987), Nellore (Kiefer, 1936a); Tamil Nadu: Madras Presidency (Kiefer, 1936a), Madurai (Ranga Reddy, 1987); Gujarat: Unspecified locality (Ranga Reddy, 1987); Karnataka: Bangalore (Ranga Reddy, 1987); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Ranga Reddy, 1987) Syn. Allodiaptomus raoi var. membranigera : Madhya Pradesh: River Tapti near Mandre (= ? Mandi) (Brehm, 1953) Genus Arctodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Subgenus Arctodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 85. Arctodiaptomus (Arctodiaptomus) dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) FW Syn. Arctodiaptomus dorsalis : Uttarakhand: Badrinath (Kumar et al., 2012) Syn. Diaptomus dorsalis : Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Coum estuaries (Eswari and Ramanibai, 2004)

86. Arctodiaptomus (Arctodiaptomus) euacanthus Kiefer, 1935 FW : Kashmir: Kounsarnag Lake and lakes and ponds of Kashmir and Ladakh (Nath, 1994) Syn. Arctodiaptomus (s. str.) euacanthus : India (Kiefer, 1935) Syn. Arctodiaptomus euacanthus : Jammu and Kashmir: Sonamarg (Kiefer, 1939) Syn. Arctodiaptomus euacanthus var. nov. (not named) : Himachal Pradesh: Simla Hills (Brehm, 1950b) Syn. Diaptomus eucanthus : Maharashtra: Medha, Satara district (Brehm, 1950b); Himachal Pradesh: Simla Hills (Brehm, 1950b)

87. Arctodiaptomus (Arctodiaptomus) similis (Baird, 1859) FW : Tripura: Sonamura, Sapahijolla, Udaipur, Amarpur (Venkataraman et al., 2002) Syn. Diaptomus similis : Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum estuaries (Eswari and Ramanibai, 2004)

19 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No.

88. Arctodiaptomus saltillinus Brewer, 1898 FW Syn. Diaptomus saltillinus : Jammu and Kashmir: Nageen Lake (Nath, 1994)

Subgenus Rhabdidiaptomus Kiefer, 1932

*89. Arctodiaptomus (Rhabdidiaptomus) michaeli Ranga Reddy, Balkhi and Yousuf, 1990 FW : Kashmir: Alapathar Lake and Marsar Lake (Ranga Reddy et al., 1990)

Subgenus Stenodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932

*90. Arctodiaptomus (Stenodiaptomus) altissimus altissimus Kiefer, 1939 FW : Syn. Arctodiaptomus (Stenodiaptomus) altissimus : Jammu and Kashmir: Ororotse Tso (Kiefer, 1939) Syn. Arctodiaptomus altissimus : Jammu and Kashmir: Alpathar Lake (Nath, 1994), Ladakh (Nath, 1994)

91. Arctodiaptomus (Stenodiaptomus) stewartianus (Brehm, 1925) FW, BW : Jammu and Kashmir: Tsar Tso between Mugleb and Panggong Tso, Mitpal Tso between Chushol and the Indus valley, Yaye Tso, Tso Moriri and Rupshu (Kiefer, 1939) Syn. Diaptomus stewartianus : Jammu and Kashmir: Ponds and lakes of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh (Nath, 1994)

Genus Diaptomus Westwood, 1836

92. Diaptomus flagellifer Brehm, 1953 FW : Tamil Nadu: Kodaikanal (Brehm, 1953)

93. Diaptomus glacialis Lilljeborg, 1889 FW Syn. Diaptomus glicialis (misspelling) : Rajasthan: Bikaner (Kumar and Kaur, 2015)

Genus Eodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932

*94. Eodiaptomus shihi Ranga Reddy, 1992 FW : Madhya Pradesh: Jabalpur (Ranga Reddy, 1992); Maharashtra: Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016)

Genus Eudiaptomus Kiefer, 1932

95. Eudiaptomus gracilis (G. O. Sars, 1863) FW Syn. Diaptomus gracilis : Himachal Pradesh: Mandi (Thakur et al., 2013)

20 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No.

Genus Heliodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 Subgenus Heliodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932

*96. Heliodiaptomus (Heliodiaptomus) viduus (Gurney, 1907) FW, BW, EW Syn. Diaptomus viduus Gurney : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Nawabganj, Palta and vicinity of Howrah Bridge (Sewell, 1934) Syn. Heliodiaptomus viduus : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuaries (Khan, 1995), Palasi, Santipur, Canning, Bankura, Dobrana village near Asansol, Berhampur, Bidhannagar village near Jalpaiguri and Siliguri (Roy, 1998), Beri Gopalpur Lake (Khan, 2002), Purbasthali (Ganesan and Khan, 2007), Rabindra Sarovar (Kolkata) (Dev Roy et al., 2007); Assam: Deepor beel (Sharma and Sharma, 2013), Bhoispuri, Barundanga (Dhubri district), Hakama (Dhubri district), Horinchora (Dhubri district), Dhir (Dhubri district), Jogra (Dhubri district), Fingua (Barpeta district), Deepor beel (Kamrup district), Ghorajan (Kamrup district), Kakerikhola (Kamrup district), Sarang (Morigaon district), Ghorkhonjan (Morigaon district), Goranga (Morigaon district), Kowaimari (Nagaon district), Teliadanga (Sibsagar district), Muijan (Dibrugarh district), Itakhuli (Dibrugarh district), Maghuri (Tinsukia district), Dhekia (Dhemaji district), Puwa Saikia (Dhemaji district), Samuajan (Dhemaji district), Baskandi (Cachar district) (Sarma and Sarma, 2008); Tripura: Dharmanagar, Kailasahar and Gondacherra (Roy, 2000), Sonamura, Sapahijolla, Telliamura, Rajnagar, Udaipur, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002); Bihar: Bhagalpur (Verma and Datta Munshi, 1983), Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and Khagaria (Sharma et al., 2011); Odisha: Chilka Lake, Athmalik, Balasore, Berhampore, Cuttack, Chaudwar, Whenkanal, Jenapore, Jajpur, Linghipur, Narisingpur, Puri, Sambalpur (Sehgal, 1967); Andhra Pradesh: Visakhapatnam, Anakapalli, Nagarjuna University Campus, Guntur, Kondaveedu, Akaveedu, Guntakal, Gooty, Dharmavaram, Tirumala Hills and Warangal (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1981), Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy, 1984); Telangana: Hyderabad (Siddiqi and Khan, 2002); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Brehm, 1953), Madurai (Rajendran, 1979b), Coimbatore (Bhavan et al., 2015); Rajasthan: Jaipur (Paulose and Maheshwari, 2008); Maharashtra: Majalgaon Reservoir (Power, 2016), Karanja reservoir (Majagi and Vijaykumar, 2009); Karnataka: Mysore (Sehgal, 1967), Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013) Syn. Heliodiaptomus ‘vidus’ (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015) Syn. Heliodiaptomus viduus var. lessingi Brehm : Bihar: Bankipur (Brehm, 1950b) Syn. Neodiaptomus kamakhiae : Assam: Diglipukri and Joypukri, Guwahati, Disrict Kamrup (Reddiah, 1964a)

21 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Subgenus Indodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 *97. Heliodiaptomus (Indodiaptomus) cinctus (Gurney, 1907) FW, BW, EW *Syn. Diaptomus cinctus : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Naihati and Nawabganj, Calcutta at Salt Lakes and Tolly’s Nallah (Sewell, 1934); Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Brehm, 1950a); Puducherry: Mahé (Brehm, 1953); Karnataka: Sharavathi River Basin (Ramachandra et al., 2012); Kerala: Tellichery (Brehm, 1953a), Aroor (Abraham, 1972), Cochin backwater, 1976b), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) *Syn. Arctodiaptomus shillongensis : Meghalaya: Ward Lake, Shillong (Reddiah, 1965), Phulbari (Garo Hills) (Roy, 1999); West Bengal: Bhagirathi river at Palasighat and Palasi (Roy, 1998) Syn. Arctodiaptomus kieferi : West Bengal: Beri Gopalpur Lake (Khan, 2002); Meghalaya: Ward Lake, Shillong (Reddiah, 1965), Phulbari (Garo Hills) (Roy, 1999); Tripura: Sapahijolla, Rajnagar, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002) Syn. Heliodiaptomus cinctus : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Bhaghirathi river at Palasighat, Palasi, Bishnupur, Santiniketan (Bolpur), Rampurhat, Birbhum, Farakka, Raiganj (Roy, 1998), Sosadanga Lake (Khan, 2002); Assam: Jogra (Dhubri district), Deepor (Kamrup district), Dubratoli (Morigaon district), Mohna (Morigaon district), Baghmari (Nagaon district), Samuajan (Dhemaji district) (Sharma and Sharma, 2008); Tripura: Sonamura, Sapahijolla, Rajnagar, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002); Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907; Sehgal, 1967); Odisha: Athmalik, Balasore, Cuttack, Narsinghpur,Kaushalyaganga, Puri (Sehgal, 1967); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984), Guntur, Rangaswamygundum near Giddalur and Secunderabad (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1981); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015), Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015), Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016); Karnataka: Sharavathi river basin (Ramachandra et al., 2012); Goa: Mandovi estuary, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Brehm, 1953), Mahe (Brehm, 1953), Tellichery (Brehm, 1953), Cochin backwater (Abraham, 1972; Pillai, 1976b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009; Cleetus et al., 2016) *Syn. Allodiaptomus tiruttanii : Tamil Nadu: Tiruttani, North Arcot district (Rajendran, 1979a)

22 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 98. Heliodiaptomus (Indodiaptomus) contortus (Gurney, 1907) FW, BW, EW Syn. Diaptomus contortus : West Bengal: Kolkata (Gurney, 1907), Hooghly River at Nawabganj and Howrah Bridge, Chingrighatta, Dhappa (Sewell, 1934), River Hugli (Brehm, 1950b), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Purbasthali (Ganesan and Khan, 2007), Rabindra Sarovar (Kolkata) (Dev Roy et al., 2007); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924), Chaudwar, Kaushalyaganga, Linghipur, Jajpur (Sehgal, 1967); Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907) Syn. Heliodiaptomus contortus : West Bengal: Palta (Brehm, 1953), Nawabganj, Bhaghirathi river at Palasighat, Santipur, Gosaba, Chinakuri village near Asansol, Kolkata (Roy, 1998), Beri Gopalpur Lake and Sosadanga Lake (Khan, 2002); Assam: Deepor beel (Sharma and Sharma, 2013); Hakama (Dhubri district), Deepor beel (Kamrup district), Dighali (Kamrup district), Ghorajan (Kamrup district), Kamranga (Kamrup district), Hiragota (Kamrup district), Urmal (Kamrup district), Padma (Kamrup district), Sitalmari (Morigaon district), Solmari (Morigaon district), Demon (Sibsagar district), Hakoi (Dibrugarh district), Salchapra (Cachar district) (Sharma and Sharma, 2008); Tripura: Kanchanpur, Gondacherra and Udaipur (Roy, 2000), Manu, Amarpur (Venkataraman et al., 2002); Andhra Pradesh: Vengalayapalem, Guntur (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1981), Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Maharashtra: Sawantwadi (Brehm, 1953), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Unspecified locality (Brehm, 1953) *99. Heliodiaptomus (Indodiaptomus) kolleruensis Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1981 FW Syn. Heliodiaptomus kolleruensis : Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru and Warangal (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1981, 1984) *100. Heliodiaptomus (Indodiaptomus) pulcher (Gurney, 1907) FW, EW Syn. Diaptomus pulcher : Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924); Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907) Syn. Heliodiaptomus pulcher : Odisha: Linghipur, Narsingpur (Sehgal, 1967); Andhra Pradesh: Lake near Anakapalli (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1981); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) *Syn. Heliodiaptomus pulcher orissaensis : Odisha: Cuttack (Sehgal, 1967) Genus Hesperodiaptomus Light, 1938 101. Hesperodiaptomus kenai (M.S. Wilson, 1953) FW Syn. Diaptomus kenai : Jammu and Kashmir: Neelnag Lake (Nath, 1994) *Genus Keraladiaptomus Santos Silva, Kakkassery, Maas and Dumont, 1994 *102. *Keraladiaptomus rangareddyi Santos Silva, Kakkassery, Maas and Dumont, 1994 FW : Kerala: Mattam, Irinjalakuda (Santos Silva et al., 1994) Genus Leptodiaptomus Light, 1938 103. Leptodiaptomus minutus (Lilljeborg in Guerne and Richard, 1889) FW Syn. Diaptomus minutus : Madhya Pradesh: River Narmada at Hoshangabad (Bano et al., 2017); Jammu and Kashmir: Wular Lake (Shah and Pandit, 2013)

23 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 104. Leptodiaptomus sicilis (Forbes, 1882) FW : Tamil Nadu: Madipakkam and Kumaran Nagar Lakes (Ravichandran et al., 2014) Genus Ligulodiaptomus Shen and Tai, 1962 105. Ligulodiaptomus alatus Sung et al., 1975 FW : India (FADA) Genus Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939 106. Mastigodiaptomus purpureus (Marsh, 1907) FW Syn. Diaptomus purpureus : Jammu and Kashmir: Neelnag lake (Nath, 1994) Genus Megadiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 107. Megadiaptomus hebes Kiefer, 1936 FW : Andhra Pradesh: Visakhapatnam, Lat. 17°40´30´ánd 17°45´ N., Long. 83°16´15´´ and 83°21´30´´ E. (Radhakrishna and Ranga Reddy, 1977a); Karnataka: Mysore (Brehm, 1953) *Syn. Heliodiaptomus alikunhii; Odisha: Lingipur (Sehgal, 1960, 1967; Radhakrishna and Ranga Reddy, 1977a) Syn. ?Megadiaptomus ‘herber’ (misspelling) : Tripura: Sonamura, Rajnagar, Udaipur, Amarpur (Venkataraman et al., 2002) *108. Megadiaptomus montansu Kulkarni, Shaik, Ranga Reddy and Pai, 2018 FW : Maharashtra (Kulkarni et al., 2018) *109. Megadiaptomus pseudohebes Ranga Reddy, 1988 FW : Andhra Pradesh: Kondakarla near Anakapalli Town (Lat. 17°41Ń., Long. 81°01É.), near Guntur Town (Lat. 16°18Ń., Long. 80°29É.) (Ranga Reddy, 1988); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015), Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016) Genus Mixodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 110. Mixodiaptomus theeli (Lilljeborg in Guerne and Richard, 1889) FW Syn. Diaptomus theeli : Tamil Nadu: Madipakkam Lake (Ravichandran et al., 2014) Genus Neodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 111. Neodiaptomus intermedius Flössner, 1984 FW : Andhra Pradesh: Tirumala Hills and Kaza near Nagarjuna University (Ranga Reddy and Subba Reddy, 1992); Tamil Nadu: Pillur Reservoir in Nilgiri Hills; Maharashtra: Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016) 112. Neodiaptomus lindbergi Brehm, 1951 FW : Tamil Nadu: Barur Lake (Manickam et al., 2015); Puducherry (erstwhile Pondichery) (Brehm, 1951) Syn. Neodiaptomus sewelli : West Bengal: Khanda Ghosh village near Burdwan and Madhyasatali village near Malda (Roy, 1998); Tripura: Kanchanpur, Kamalcherra River at Dullubari, Surma Lake, Gomdacherra and Udaipur, Udaipur and Belonia (Roy, 2000); Timil Nadu: Nilgiri (Roy, 1984a) 113. Neodiaptomus meggittii Kiefer, 1932 FW : Andaman Islands: Port Blair (Ranga Reddy, 2000)

24 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 114. Neodiaptomus physalipus Kiefer, 1935 FW : Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri Hills (Kiefer, 1935), Ootacamund (Kiefer, 1939); Kodaikanal (Ranga Reddy and Subba Reddy, 1992) Syn. Neodiaptomus physalipus var. diaphorus : Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri Hills (Kiefer, 1935) Syn. Neodiaptomus diaphorus : Tamil Nadu: Ootacamund (Kiefer, 1939), Pykara (Kiefer, 1939); Telangana: Hussain Sagar and Saroor Nagar Tank (Siddiqi and Khan, 2002) *Syn. Neodiaptomus tiwarii : Tamil Nadu: Nilgiri Hills (Roy, 1984c) 115. Neodiaptomus prateek Ranga Reddy, 2013 FW : Assam: Deepor Beel (Ranga Reddy, 2013a) *116. Neodiaptomus schmackeri (Poppe and Richard, 1892) FW, BW, EW : West Bengal: Kachuberia, (Anonymous, 1987), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Dobrana village near Asansol, Siuri, Bakreswar, Berhampur, Piasbari village near Malda and Raiganj (Roy, 1998); Assam: Deepor beel (Sharma and Sharma, 2013), Muijan (Dibrugarh district), Bor beel, Maghuri (Tinsukia district) (Sharma and Sharma, 2008); Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Rajasthan: Jaipur (Paulose and Maheshwari, 2008); Tamil Nadu: Madurai (Rajendran, 1979c) Syn. Neodiaptomus ‘schmacheri’ : Jammu and Kashmir: Naranbagh Lake (Nath, 1994) Syn. Diaptomus strigilipes : West Bengal: Hooghly river (Sewell, 1934),Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924), Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907), Chotanagpur (Sewell, 1934); Bihar: Bankipur (Sewell, 1934) Syn. Neodiaptomus handeli : Rajasthan: Jaipur (Paulose and Maheshwari, 2008); Tamil Nadu: Narayanavapi, Andichi, Theppakulam, Thamarapatti pond, Melur College pond and Therkutheru Lake in Madurai district (Rajendran, 1979c) Syn. Neodiaptomus strigilipes : West Bengal: Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Kachubaria, Mooriganga (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Tripura: Sonamura, Rajnagar, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002); Odisha: Athmalik, Balasore, Cuttack, Chaudwar, Dhenkanal, Jenapur, Linghipur, Narsinghpur, Puri, Sambalpur (Sehgal, 1967); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Puducherry: Kalapet (erstwhile Calapeth) (Brehm, 1953), Karaikal (earlier Karikal (Brehm, 1953); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Karnataka: Mysuru (earlier Maissur) (Brehm, 1953), Lake Gobbur and Sharanabasaveshwara (Ramalingappa et al., 2015); Uttar Pradesh: Banaras (earlier Benares) (Brehm, 1953), Sarnath (Brehm, 1953) Syn. Neodiaptomus strigilipes nov. var. parvidens : West Bengal: Chandannagar (erstwhile Chandrnagor) (Brehm, 1953) Genus Onychodiaptomus Light, 1939 117. Onychodiaptomus virginiensis (Marsh, 1915) FW Syn. Diaptomus virginiensis : Jammu and Kashmir: Dal and Nageen Lakes (Nath, 1994), Wular Lake (Shah et al., 2013)

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Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Genus Paradiaptomus Daday, 1910 118. Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906) FW : Jammu and Kashmir: Kashmir valley (Nath, 1994); West Bengal: Damodar river (Venkataraman and Nandi, 1997); Tripura: Fuldungsei (Jumpoi Hills) and Rima Surma Lake, Gondachera (Roy, 2000), Rajnagar, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002); Tamil Nadu: Ootacamund (Kiefer, 1939), Madurai (Brehm, 1953; Rajendran, 1979b), Coimbatore (Manikandan et al., 2016); Maharashtra: Pandharpour (= ? Pandharpur) (Brehm, 1953), Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016) Genus Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Subgenus Ctenodiaptomus Dumont, Ranga Reddy and Sanoamuang, 1996 119. Phyllodiaptomus (Ctenodiaptomus) annae (Apstein, 1907) FW Syn. Phyllodiaptomus annae : Assam: Jugdal (Morigaon district), Sohala (Nagaon district), Moona (Nagaon district), Bamoni (Morigaon district) (Sharma and Sharma, 2008); Tripura: Sonamura, Sapahijolla, Telliamura, Rajnagar, Udaipur, Amarpur, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002); Bihar: Kali Kosi River nrar Katihar (Onkar, 2016); Rajasthan: Nagaur (Brehm, 1953), Jaipur (Paulose and Maheshwari, 2008); Telangana: Hyderabad (Siddiqi and Khan, 2002); Tamil Nadu: Mudhaliyarkuppum (Dumont and Ranga Reddy, 1993); Puducherry (erstwhile Pondichery) (Brehm, 1953) *120. Phyllodiaptomus (Ctenodiaptomus) sasikumari Ranga Reddy and Venkateswarlu, 1989 FW Syn. Phyllodiaptomus sasikumari : Kerala: Kavalaparra near Shornur Town (10°45´ N., 76°17´ E.) and Ottapalem of Palghat district (Ranga Reddy and Venkateswarlu, 1989) *121. Phyllodiaptomus (Ctenodiaptomus) wellekensae Dumont and Ranga Reddy, 1993 FW Syn. Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae : Tamil Nadu: Kanyakumari (Dumont and Ranga Reddy, 1993) Subgenus Phyllodiaptomus Dumont, Ranga Reddy and Sanoamuang, 1996 122. Phyllodiaptomus (Phyllodiaptomus) blanci (Guerne and Richard, 1896) FW, BW, EW Syn. Diaptomus blanci : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Naihati and Nawabganj and vicinity of Howrah Bridge (Sewell, 1934); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1934); Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907) Syn. Phyllodiaptomus blanci : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Hura village and Sindhri village near Purulia, Jhalda, Berhampur and Piasbari village near Malda (Roy, 1998); Odisha:Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Telengana: Hussain Sagar (Siddiqi and Khan, 2002); Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore (Manikandan et al., 2016); Maharashtra: Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016); Karnataka (Dumont and Ranga Reddy, 1993); Rajasthan: Nagaur (Brehm, 1953); Jammu and Kashmir: Mansar and Naranbagh Lake (Nath, 1994) Syn. Diaptomus peregrinator : Madhya Pradesh: Amarkantak, Rewa (Brehm, 1950b) *Syn. Diaptomus (Phyllodiaptomus) peregrinator : Madhya Pradesh: Amarkantak, Rewa (Brehm, 1950a) Syn. ‘Phylodiaptomus’ blanci (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015)

26 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Genus Sinodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 123. Sinodiaptomus indicus (Sewell, 1934) FW, BW Syn. Diaptomus indicus : West Bengal: North 24 Parganas, Haora (Sewell, 1934); Jammu and Kashmir: Nageen Lake (Nath, 1994) Syn. Rhinediaptomus indicus : West Bengal: Damodar river (Venkataraman and Nandi, 1997); Rajasthan: Jaipur (Paulose and Maheshwari, 2008); Andhra Pradesh: Rayamandry (= ? Rajamundry) (Brehm, 1953), Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Tamil Nadu: Cape Comorin (Brehm, 1953); Puducherry (= Pondycherry) (Brehm, 1953); Maharashtra: Karanja reservoir (Majagi and Vijaykumar, 2009); Karnataka: Dharvar (= ? Dharwad) (Brehm, 1953), Gobbur Lake (Ramalingappa et al., 2015) Syn. Rhineodiaptomus indicus (misspelling) : Bihar: Bhagalpur (Verma and Datta Munshi, 1983) Syn. Sinodiaptomus ‘Indus’ (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Syn. Sinodiaptomus (Rhinediaptomus) indicus : Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore (Bhavan et al., 2015), Barur Lake (Manikandan et al., 2015) 124. Sinodiaptomus mahanandiensis (Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1980) FW *Syn. Rhinediaptomus mahanandiensis : Andhra Pradesh: Mahanandi near Nandyal Town (15°30Ń., 78°29É. (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1980) Taxon inquirendum *125. Sinodiaptomus ganesa Brehm, 1950 FW : India: Unspecified locality (Brehm, 1950a); Meghalaya: Barnihat (Brehm, 1953); Uttar Pradesh: Mirzapore (Brehm, 1950b) Genus Skistodiaptomus Light, 1939 126. Skistodiaptomus bogalusensis (M.S. Wilson and Moore, 1953) FW Syn. Diaptomus bogalusensis : Jammu and Kashmir: Nageen Lake (Nath, 1994) 127. Skistodiaptomus oregonensis (Lilljeborg in Guerne and Richard, 1889) FW Syn. Diaptomus oregonensis : Tamil Nadu: Madipakkam Lake (Ravichandran et al., 2014) 128. Skistodiaptomus pallidus (Herrick, 1879) FW Syn. Diaptomus pallidus : West Bengal: Kangsabati Reservoir (Bera et al., 2014) *Genus Spicodiaptomus Rajendran, 1979 *129. Spicodiaptomus chelospinus Rajendran, 1979 FW : Tamil Nadu: Uthangudi- Oludani Pool, Madurai, Madurai district, also recorded in Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli districts (Rajendran, 1979b), Madurai district, 10° 18Ń., 77° 51É. (Ranga Reddy, 1985) Syn. Spicodiaptomus ‘chelotpinus’ (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Madurai (Rajendran, 1979b) Genus Tropodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932 130. Tropodiaptomus australis Kiefer, 1936 FW : West Bengal: River Hooghly near Kolkata (Roy 1998); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Car Nicobar (Roy, 1991) *131. Tropodiaptomus chauhani Roy, 1984 FW : Tripura: Kailasahar (Roy, 2000), Udaipur (Roy, 2000); Tamil Nadu: Mudumalai Wild-life Sanctuary, Nilgiri district (Roy, 1984b)

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Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. *132. Tropodiaptomus euchaetus Kiefer, 1939 FW : Tamil Nadu: Ootacamund (Kiefer, 1939), Kodaikanal (Brehm, 1953); Odisha: Narsinghpur, Cuttack District (Sehgal, 1967); Jammu and Kashmir: Manasbal Lake (Nath, 1994) 133. Tropodiaptomus hebereri (Kiefer, 1930) FW : Tripura: Sonamura, Sapahijolla, Rajnagar, Udaipur, Amarpur, Jothanbari (Venkataraman et al., 2002) 134. Tropodiaptomus lakhimpurensis Reddiah, 1964b FW : Assam: Phillobari, Dumduma, Tinsukia, Kokojan of Lakhimpur district (Reddiah, 1964b) 135. Tropodiaptomus mutatus Kiefer, 1936 FW : Assam (Brehm, 1953); Tamil Nadu: Tiruppattur (= ? Tiropattour) (Brehm, 1953); Puducherry: Karaikal (Brehm, 1953) 136. Tropodiaptomus nielseni Brehm, 1953 FW, EW : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Brehm, 1953), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b) 137. Tropodiaptomus orientalis (Brady, 1886) FW, EW : Tamil Nadu: Madurai (Ranjendran, 1979b); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015), Western Ghats of Maharashtra (Kulkarni and Pai, 2016) Syn. Diaptomus orientalis : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Nawabganj (Sewell, 1934) Syn. Tropodiaptomus informis : Assam: Gauhati (= ? Ganhati) (Brehm, 1953); Meghalaya: Barni Hat (Brehm, 1953); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Puducherry: Karaikal (erstwhile Karikal) (Brehm, 1953); Karnataka: Mysore State (Brehm, 1953), Sharavathi River Basin (Ramachandra et al., 2012) 138. Tropodiaptomus signatus Kiefer, 1982 FW : Manipur: Loktak Lake (Ranga Reddy, 2013b) 139. Tropodiaptomus vandouwei (Früchtl, 1924) FW Syn. Diaptomus doriai : Jharkhand: Chakradharpur (Gurney, 1907) Family EUCALANIDAE Giesbrecht, 1893 Genus Eucalanus Dana, 1852 140. Eucalanus elongatus elongatus (Dana, 1848) M, BW, EW Syn. Eucalanus elongatus Dana : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar, Chemagari (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (Ummerkutty, 1966), Porto Novo (Santham et al., 1975), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station, 614 (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 864 (Goswami, 1979)

28 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Genus Pareucalanus Geletin, 1976 141. Pareucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Eucalanus attenuatus : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Baliarsingh et al., 2014; Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 858 (Goswami, 1979) *Syn. Eucalanus pseudattenuatus Sewell, 1947 : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Tamil Nadu: Madras coast (Krishnaswamy, 1956); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 874 (Goswami, 1979) Family EUCHAETIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Euchaeta Philipi, 1843 142. Euchaeta concinna Dana, 1849 M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar, Mandirtala (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Odisha : Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Kerala: Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1929), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 856 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Euchaeta ‘corninna’ (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010) Syn. Euchaeta consimilis : Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966) 143. Euchaeta indica Wolfenden, 1905 M, BW, EW Syn. Euchaeta wolfendeni : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Mooriganga, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989) (Sarkar et al., 1985); Odisha: Ganjam coast (Sewell, 1914, 1929); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Unspecified locality (Sewell, 1914, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 869 (Goswami, 1979)

29 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 144. Euchaeta marina (Prestandrea, 1833) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Mooriganga, Chemagari, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945), Versova (Gajbhiye et al., 1991); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 867 (Goswami, 1979)

145. Euchaeta media Giesbrecht, 1888 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929)

146. Euchaeta rimana Bradford, 1974 M : Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

147. Euchaeta spinosa Giesbrecht, 1893 M : Nicobars: Investigator Station 614 (Sewell, 1929)

148. Euchaeta tenuis Esterly, 1906 M, EW : West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Chemagari, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975)

Family FOSSHAGENIIDAE Suàrez-Morales and Iliffe, 1996 Genus Temoropia T. Scott, 1894

149. Temoropia mayumbaensis T. Scott, 1894 M : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996)

Family HETERORHABDIDAE Sars, 1902 Genus Heterorhabdus Giesbrecht, 1898

150. Heterorhabdus papilliger (Claus, 1863) M : Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); “Investigator” stations 670 and 682

151. Heterorhabdus spinifrons (Claus, 1863) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903)

30 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Family LUCICUTIIDAE Sars, 1902 Genus Lucicutia Giesbrecht, 1898 152. Lucicutia flavicornis (Claus, 1863) M, EW : Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 864 (Goswami, 1979); Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963) Syn. ‘Lucicatia’ flavicornis (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015) 153. Lucicutia gaussae Grice, 1963 M Syn. Lucicutia ovalis Wolfenden, 1906 : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 859 (Goswami, 1979), Lakshadweep archipelago (Wolfenden, 1906) Family METRIDINIDAE G. O. Sars, 1902 Genus Gaussia Wolfenden, 1905 154. Gaussia sewelli Saraswathy, 1973 M : Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (Saraswathy, 1973) Genus Metridia Boeck, 1865 155. Metridia lucens lucens Boeck, 1865 M, EW : Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010) Syn. Metridia lucens : Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947) Genus Pleuromamma Giesbrecht, 1898 156. Pleuromamma abdominalis (Lubbock, 1856) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973) 157. Pleuromamma gracilis (Claus, 1863) M : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswaty, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) 158. Pleuromamma indica Wolfenden, 1906 M : East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep (Wolfenden, 1906) 159. Pleuromamma xiphias (Giesbrecht, 1889) M : Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973)

31 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Family PARACALANIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Acrocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888 160. Acrocalanus gibber Giesbrecht, 1888 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007), Hukul river at Kodinar (Nikul et al., 2017); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) coast (Pillai, 1968); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Mandovi Zuari estuaries (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009), Ayiramthengu (Ranjana and Amina, 2018), Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 161. Acrocalanus gracilis Giesbrecht, 1888 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Rushikulya (Baliarsingh et al., 2014, Srichandan et al., 2015) and Mahanadi estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Coum estuaries (Eswari and Ramanibai, 2004), Porto Novo (Santhanam et al., 1975), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Mandovi Zuari estuaries and Camburja Canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009), Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Nicobars (Sewell, 1929), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson andA. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973) 162. Acrocalanus longicornis Giesbrecht, 1888 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Rushikulya Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) coast (Pillai, 1968); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Ayiramthengu (Ranjana and Amina, 2018), Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Expedition Harbour in Nicobars (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973)

32 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 163. Acrocalanus monachus Giesbrecht, 1888 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Cochin backwaters (George, 1958; Pillai, 1976b); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Taxon inquirendum 164. Acrocalanus gardineri Wolfenden, 1906 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ collection from Nicobars (Sewell, 1929) Genus Bestiolina Andronov, 1991 165. Bestiolina inermis (Sewell, 1912) M, EW, BW : Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) *Syn. Acrocalanus inermis Sewell, 1912 : West Bengal: Mouth of River Hooghly, also its lower reaches from Budge Budge and Tolly’s Nallah (Sewell, 1934); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1929); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Expedition Harbour and in Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) Syn. Acrocalanus ‘intermis’ (misspelling) : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995) 166. Bestiolina similis (Sewell, 1914) M, EW : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) * Syn. Acrocalanus similis : West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991); Kerala: Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b) Syn. Bestiola similis : Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Genus Calocalanus Giesbrecht, 1888 167. Calocalanus contractus Farran, 1926 M : Tamil Nadu: Madras (Krishnaswamy, 1956) 168. Calocalanus pavo (Dana, 1852) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson andA. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 855 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

33 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 169. Calocalanus plumulosus (Claus, 1863) M : Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1956); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Nicobars (Sewell, 1929) Syn. Calocalanus ‘plumosus’ (misspelling) : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) 170. Calocalanus styliremis Giesbrecht, 1888 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) Genus Mecynocera I. C. Thompson, 1888 171. Mecynocera clausi I. C. Thompson, 1888 M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Genus Paracalanus Boeck, 1865 172. Paracalanus aculeatus Giesbrecht, 1888 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Rushikulya Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977); Maharashtra: Versova (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Cochin backwaters (George, 1958); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Expedition Harbour in central group of Nicobars, ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973) 173. Paracalanus aculeatus major Sewell, 1929 M, EW : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) Syn. Paracalanus aculeatus forma major : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) 174. Paracalanus aculeatus minor Sewell, 1929 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) 175. Paracalanus denudatus Sewell, 1929 M : Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1956); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Andaman and Nicobar Islands : Macpherson Strait, (Sewell, 1929), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Nankauri Harbour) (Sewell, 1929) 176. Paracalanus indicus Wolfenden, 1905 M : East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Cleetus et al., 2016)

34 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 177. Paracalanus nanus G. O. Sars, 1925 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1929) 178. Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Rushikulya, Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Coringa Mangroves (Anonymous, 2001); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914), Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950), Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959), Porto Novo (Santham et al., 1975), Adyar and Coum rivers (Eswari and Ramanibai, 2004; Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945; Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Mandovi Zuari estuaries and Camburja Canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Ayiramthengu (Ranjana and Amina, 2018); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator’ Station 614 (Nankauri Harbour) (Sewell, 1929), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973) Genus Parvocalanus Andronov, 1970 *179. Parvocalanus arabiensis (Kesarkar and Anil, 2009) M, BW Syn. Paracalanus arabiensis Kesarkar and Anil, 2009 : Maharashtra: Mumbai; Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries (Kesarkar and Anil, 2009) 180. Parvocalanus dubia (Sewell, 1912) M, EW *Syn. Paracalanus dubia : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Diamond Harbour (Sewell, 1934), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) 181. Parvocalanus crassirostris (F. Dahl, 1894) M, EW, BW Syn. Paracalanus crassirostris : Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1929); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Port Blair (Sewell, 1929), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 and Expedition Harbour in Nicobar Islands (Sewell, 1929) *Syn. Paracalanus crassirostris f. cochinensis : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009)

35 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 182. Parvocalanus serratipes (Sewell, 1912) M Syn. Paracalanus serratipes Sewell, 1912 : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Expedition Harbour (Sewell, 1929) Family PARAPONTELLIDAE Giesbrecht, 1893 Genus Parapontella Brady, 1878 183. Parapontella brevicornis (Lubbock, 1857) M, EW : Puducherry: Sodalaipuri estuary (Rajalakshmi et al., 2010) Syn. Pontella brevicornis : Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007) Family PONTELLIDAE Dana, 1853 Genus Calanopia Dana, 1852 184. Calanopia aurivilli Cleve, 1901 M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959), Palk Bay (Kartha, 1959; Silas and Pillai, 1973), Adyar and Coum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Pillai, 1968, Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Cochin (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Ashtamudi Lake (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-1, AN- 4, AN-8, AN-9 and AN-17 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973) 185. Calanopia australica Bayly and Greenwood, 1966 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Camorta and Nancowrie Islands (Silas and Pillai, 1973) 186. Calanopia elliptica (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2025); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Palk Bay (Kartha, 1959) and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); West coast of India: R. V. Varuna stations between 09° 20´N. - 12°00´N. and 74°40´- 76°18´ E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Menon, 1945; Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin backwaters (George, 1958; Silas and Pillai, 1973; Pillai, 1976b); Vizhinjam (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-2, AN-3, AN-4 and AN-21 to 24 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden), Lakshadweep Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 866 (Goswami, 1979)

36 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 187. Calanopia herdmani A. Scott, 1909 M : Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN- 19, AN-20 and AN-22 to 24 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932)

188. Calanopia minor A. Scott, 1902 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Adyar river (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Gulf of Mannar (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; Sewell, 1914), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: R. V. Varuna Stations between 09°20´- 12°00´ N and 74°18´-76°18´E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Madhupratap, 1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-1, AN-7, AN-8, AN-18, AN-22 and AN-23 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Lakshadweep Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 857 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

*189. Calanopia seymouri Pillai, 1969 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Nancowrie, Camorta and Champion Islands (Pillai, 1969)

190. Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, 1909 M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Santhakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Palk Bay (Kartha, 1959), Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1932; Kartha, 1959; Ummerkutty, 1966; Silas and Pillai, 1973); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Vizhinjam coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-14, AN-15 and AN-17 to 19 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 859 (Goswami, 1979) Genus Ivellopsis Claus, 1893 191. Ivellopsis denticauda (A. Scott, 1909) M Syn. Pontella denticauda A. Scott, 1909 : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Investigator Station 614 (Sewell, 1949), Nancowrie Harbour (Silas and Pillai, 1973)

37 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Genus Labidocera Lubbock, 1853

192. Labidocera acuta (Dana, 1849) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Medinipur (Roy, 1998), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Pirkhali canal, Kachia khal (Sundarbans) and Tamluk (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and Rushikulya estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Vizag coast (Ganapati and Rao, 1954), Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay, Pamban (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Menon, 1931; Krishnaswamy, 1953; Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914), Porto Novo (Santham et al., 1975), Nori backwater (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: R. V. Varuna Stations between 09° 20´N. - 12°00´N. and 74°40´- 76°18´ E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Menon, 1945; Saraswathy 1966), Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-6 to 10 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1949), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), R. V. Kalava Stations 423, 428 in Lakshadweep Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 854 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

193. Labidocera acutifrons (Dana, 1849) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Andaman Islands (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-17 and AN-18 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 862 (Goswami, 1979)

194. Labidocera bataviae A. Scott, 1909 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-4, AN-9 to 11 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 and 625 (Sewell, 1932)

*195. Labidocera bengalensis Krishnaswamy, 1952 M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) and Krusadai Island (Krishnaswamy, 1952 and 1953), Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (Ummerkutty, 1964); Kerala: Vizhinjam coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman and Nicobar Island Stations AN-3 and 4 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 860 (Goswami, 1979)

38 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 196. Labidocera detruncata (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953); West coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); West coast of India: R. V. Varuna stations between 09°20Ń.-12°00Ń. and 74°40´-76°18´ E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stationa AN-6, AN-10, AN-18 and 19 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station, 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Lakshadweep Sea between 09°40Ń.-11°40Ń. and 72°00´-74°10´ E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 873 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 197. Labidocera euchaeta Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Chemagari, Mandirtala (Anonymous, 1987), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 865 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Labidocera euchaeta forma major : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Diamond Harbour and Achipur and Piali River at Uttarbhag (Sewell, 1934) 198. Labidocera gallensis Thompson and Scott, 1903 M, EW Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar, Madras coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Karnataka: Karwar coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Calicut, Cochin and Vizhinjan coasts (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Port Blair, Nancowrie Harbour (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep (Silas and Pillai, 1973) Syn. Labidocera kroyeri (Brady) var. gallensis : Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Cochin backwater (George, 1958; Pillai, 1976b); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 862 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Labidocera kroyeri var. nov. (partim) : Tamil Nadu:Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Krishnaswamy, 1953) Syn. ? Labidocera ‘icrojeri’ gallensis (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) 199. Labidocera gangetica Alcock, 1934 M, EW : West Bengal: Diamond Harbour, Achipur and Piali River at Uttarbhag (Sewell, 1934); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) 200. Labidocera kroyeri (Brady, 1883) M, EW : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Vembanad Lake, Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932) Syn. Labidocera kroyeri var. nov. (partim) : Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras), Adyar, Kundagal channel and Galaxea reef (Krishnaswamy, 1953)

39 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 201. Labidocera kroyeri stylifera I. C. Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 M, EW : Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar, Chenni (erstwhile Madras) coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Karnataka: Karwar coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Calicut, Cochin and Vizhinjan coasts (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932) Port Blair, Nancowrie Harbour (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep (Silas and Pillai, 1973) Syn. Labidocera stylifera : Tamil Nadu: Chenni (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953; Silas and Pillai, 1973), Krusadi Island (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Karnataka: Karwar coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Calicut coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Vizhinjam coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep Sea, 10°33Ń., 74°39É. and 12°00Ń., 74°58É. (Silas and Pillai, 1973) Syn. Labidocera kroyeri var. nov. (partim) : Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras), Krusadai Island (Krishnaswamy, 1953) 202. Labidocera laevidentata (Brady, 1883) M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Station AN-17 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 869 (Goswami, 1979) 203. Labidocera madurae A. Scott, 1909 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-2 to 4 and AN-30, ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932) 204. Labidocera minuta Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: R. V. Varuna Stations between 09° 20Ń. - 12°00Ń. and 74°40´- 76°18´ E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-2, AN-4, AN- 10, AN-11, AN-19 and AN-29 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep (Wolfendenn, 1906), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Labidocera minutum : Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) 205. Labidocera orsinii Giesbrecht, 1889 M : Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009)

40 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 206. Labidocera pavo Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Bidyadhari river and Kachia Khal (Sundarbans) (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1932), Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953; Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Silas and Pillai, 1973; Pillai, 1976b), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-11 and AN-19 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 207. Labidocera pectinata Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013), Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; Sewell, 1914), Gulf of Mannar ((Silas and Pillai, 1973), Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gaibhiye et al., 1991); Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Sewell, 1932; George, 1958; Pillai, 1976b), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973) Genus Pontella Dana, 1846 208. Pontella andersoni Sewell, 1912 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Salt Lakes (Sewell, 1934), Chemagari and South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Chemagari, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995);Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 869 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Pontellopsis andersoni (Sewell, 1912) : West Bengal: Hooghly River at Diamond Harbour (Sewell, 1934)

41 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 209. Pontella danae Giesbrecht, 1889 M, EW : Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007), Hukul river at Kodinar (Nikul et al., 2017); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile, Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009), Ayiramthengu (Ranjana and Amina, 2018); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Port Blair (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989), Lakshadweep Sea, 10°33´N., 74°39´E (Silas and Pillai, 1973) 210. Pontella danae ceylonica Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Baliarsingh et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Santhakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Goa: Mandovi estuary (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b), Vizhinjam (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 860 (Goswami, 1979) 211. Pontella diagonalis C. B. Wilson, 1950 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-17 and 18 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 212. Pontella fera Dana, 1849 M, EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1932); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Nicobar Islands (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), R. V. Kalava Station 428 from Lakshadweep Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 855 (Goswami, 1979) *213. Pontella investigatoris Sewell, 1912 M, BW : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Sewell, 1932), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Vizhinjam coast (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-17 and 18 (Silas and Pillai, 1973) 214. Pontella karachiensis Fazal-ur-Rehman, 1973 M : Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975) 215. Pontella princeps Dana, 1849 M : Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989), Lakshadweep (as Laccadive) Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973)

42 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 216. Pontella securifer Brady, 1883 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914; Prasad, 1956), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) coast (Pillai, 1971); Goa: Zuari estuary, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson andA. Scott, 1903), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 855 (Goswami, 1979) 217. Pontella spinipes Giesbrecht, 1889 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996) and Mahanadi estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2013); West Coast of India (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-10 and 11 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: As Laccadive (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 218. Pontella tenuiremis Giesbrecht, 1889 M : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Genus Pontellopsis Brady, 1883 219. Pontellopsis armata (Giesbrecht, 1889) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-4 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep (as Laccadive) Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973) 220. Pontellopsis herdmani Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), South Sagar (Anonymous., 1987), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Chennai (erstwhile Madras) and Krusadai Island (Krishnaswamy, 1953), Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914; Silas and Pillai, 1973), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) coast (Pillai, 1971); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Vizhinjam (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 873 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Pontellopsis ‘herdmanii’ (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914)

43 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 221. Pontellopsis krameri (Giesbrecht, 1896) M : Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations An-14 to 16 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep (as Laccadive) Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973) 222. Pontellopsis macronyx A. Scott, 1909 M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Tamil Nadu: Chennai coast (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Gulf of Mannar (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-7 to 9 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Port Blair Harbour (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973) 223. Pontellopsis regalis (Dana, 1849) M : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-18 and 19 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614, (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: Lakshadweep (as Laccadive) Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 857 (Goswami, 1979) *224. Pontellopsis scotti Sewell, 1932 M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) coast (Pillai, 1971); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Station AN-3 (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 865 (Goswami, 1979) 225. Pontellopsis villosa Brady, 1883 M : Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-9 and 29 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1932); Lakshadweep: R. V. Kalava Station 428 in Lakshadweep (as Laccadive) Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Genus Pontellina Dana, 1852 226. Pontellina platychela Fleminger and Hulsemann, 1974 EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015) 227. Pontellina plumata (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Odisha: Devi estuary (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) coast (Krishnaswamy, 1953, 1956), Gulf of Mannar (Sewell, 1914); West coast of India: R. V. Varuna Stations between 09° 20´N. - 12°00´N. and 74°40´- 76°18´ E. (Silas and Pillai, 1973); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Island Stations AN-2 to 4, AN-10, AN-11, AN-29 and 30 (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: R. V. Kalava Station in Lakshadweep (as Laccadive) Sea (Silas and Pillai, 1973), Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), Kalpeni, Agatti atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) 44 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Syn. Pontella plumata : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) Family PSEUDOCYCLOPIDAE Giesbrecht, 1893 Genus Pseudocyclops Brady, 1872 *228. Pseudocyclops lakshmi Haridas, Madhupratap and Ohtsuka, 1994 M : Lakshadweep: Agatti, Kadmat (Haridas et al., 1994) Genus Ridgewayia Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 *229. Ridgewayi krishnaswamyi Ummerkutty, 1963 M : Tamil Nadu : Gulf of Mannar (Ummerkutty, 1963) 230. Ridgewayia typica Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 M : Tamil Nadu : Gulf of Mannar (Ummerkutty, 1963) Family PSEUDODIAPTOMIDAE Sars, 1902 *Genus Archidiaptomus Madhupratap and Haridas, 1982 *231. Archidiaptomus aroorus Madhupratap and Haridas, 1982 M : Kerala: Aroor (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1982) Genus Pseudodiaptomus Heerick, 1884 *232. Pseudodiaptomus annandalei Sewell, 1919 M, EW, BW, FW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Salt Lakes, Chingrighatta (Sewell, 1934), Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Chemagari, Kachubaria, South Sagar, Mooriganga (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1932), Burhabalanga (Ramaiah et al., 1996) and Bahuda estuaries (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Tamil Nadu: Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950), Gulf of Mannar (Pillai, 1976a); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Bandra, Isle de Salsette (Brehm, 1953); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Quilon, Travancore and Kurian River, Perak (Sewell, 1934), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976a, b), Vizhinjam (Pillai, 1976a), Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) Syn. Pseudodiaptomus dubia : Andhra Pradesh: Visakhapatnam coast (Kiefer, 1936b); Tamil Nadu: Madras Presidency (Kiefer, 1936b) Syn. Schmackeria annandalei : Kerala: Cochin backwaters (George, 1958), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966) *233. Pseudodiaptomus andamanensis Pillai, 1976a M : Andaman Islands: Port Blair (Pillai, 1976a)

45 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. *234. Pseudodiaptomus ardjuna Brehm, 1953 M, BW, EW : Odisha:Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar (Ummerkutty, 1960), Mandapam (Desai et al., 1961), Palk Bay, (Ummerkutty, 1960; Pillai, 1976a); Maharashtra: Salsette Islands near Bombay (Brehm, 1953), Mahim backwater near Bombay (Desai et al., 1961), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Camburja Canal (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b) 235. Pseudodiaptomus aurivilli Cleve, 1901 M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly River at Diamond Harbour (Sewell, 1934), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Chemagari, Kachubaria (Anonymous, 1987), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Diamond Harbour (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Palk Bay (Kartha, 1959), Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959; Ummerkutty, 1966), Adyar and Coum estuaries (Eswari and Ramanibai, 2004), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Pillai, 1976a), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976a), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987) Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Sewell, 1932), Andaman Sea (Pillai, 1976a); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) *236. *Pseudodiaptomus binghami Sewell, 1912 M, BW, EW : West Bengal: Salt Lake, Tolly’s Nallah, Gangajoara Uttarbhag and Chingrighatta (Sewell, 1934), Kachubaria (Anonymous, 1987), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Gazikhali canal (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1932), Bahuda (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996) and Burhabalanga estuaries (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987) 237. Pseudodiaptomus bowmani Walter, 1984 M, EW : Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) *238. Pseudodiaptomus burckhardti Sewell, 1929 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Macpherson Strait, “Investigator” Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1932) 239. Pseudodiaptomus clevei A. Scott, 1909 M, BW : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Pillai, 1976a)

46 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 240. Pseudodiaptomus dauglishi Sewell, 1932 M, BW, FW : West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Mandirtala, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987) Syn. Pseudodiaptomus ‘daughlishi’ (misspelling) : West Bengal: Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989) *241. Pseudodiaptomus hetrothrix Brehm, 1953 M: Gujarat: Surat (‘Sourate fleve Tapti’) (Brehm, 1953) 242. Pseudodiaptomus hickmani Sewell, 1932 M, EW, BW, FW : West Bengal: Hooghly River from Diamond Harbour (Sewell, 1934), Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Mandirtala, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1932), Burhabalanga estuaries (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) *243. Pseudodiaptomus jonesi Pillai, 1970 M, EW, BW : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay (Pillai, 1970, 1976a); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1970, 1976a, b), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) Syn. Pseudodiaptomus ardjuna : Kerala: Cochin backwater (Wellershaus, 1969) 244. Pseudodiaptomus lobipes Gurney, 1907 M, EW, BW, FW : West Bengal: Hooghly River from Naihati, Nawabganj and vicinity of Howrah Bridge also in certain tanks in Calcutta (Sewell, 1934), Palta (Brehm, 1950b), Chandannagar (earlier Chandranagor) (Brehm, 1953), Gazikhali tributaries (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924), Cuttack (Brehm, 1950b); Uttar Pradesh: Mirzapur (Brehm, 1950b); Jammu and Kashmir: Laks and ponds of Kashmir (Nath, 1994); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) 245. Pseudodiaptomus malayalus Wellershaus, 1969 M, FW, BW, EW *Syn. Pseudodiaptomus binghami malayalus : Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Goa (Goswami and Selvakumar, 1977); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Wellershaus, 1969; Pillai, 1976a, b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975) 246. Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 M, BW : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Pillai, 1976a) *247. Pseudodiaptomus masoni Sewell, 1932 M, EW : West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Mandirtala, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989) (Sarkar et al., 1985); Andaman Islands: Port Blair Harbour and Macpherson Strait (Sewell, 1932) 248. Pseudodiaptomus mertoni Früchtl, 1923 M, FW, BW, EW : Tamil Nadu: Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay (Pillai, 1976); Maharashtra: Bombay coast (Pillai, 1976), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Mandovi estuary, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976a, b), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) *249. Pseudodiaptomus nankauriensis Roy, 1977 M : Nicobars: Nankauri (Roy, 1977) *250. Pseudodiaptomus pankajus Madhupratap and Haridas, 1982 M : Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1982)

47 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 251. Pseudodiaptomus salinus Giesbrecht, 1896 M, BW : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Nicobars, “Investigator” Station 616 (Sewell, 1932) 252. Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus T. Scott, 1894 M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995), Matla and Saptamukhi estuary (Chakraborty et al., 2009); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1924, 1932), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013; Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Kilakarai, Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India (Cleve, 1904); Gujarat: Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007), Hukul river at Kodinar (Nikul et al., 2017); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dharamtar creek (Tiwari and Nair, 2002); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Mandovi and Zuari estuaries (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai et al., 1973; Pillai, 1976), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975), Ashtamudi estuary (Nair and Abdul Azis, 1987) Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 873 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Pseudodiaptomus serricauda : Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010) Syn. Schmackeria serricaudata : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959) Syn. Schmackeria serricaudatus : West Bengal: South 24 Parganas (Khan, 1995); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966) 253. Pseudodiaptomus sewelli Walter, 1984 M, EW : Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) 254. Pseudodiaptomus smithi Wright, 1928 FW : West Bengal: Kangsabati Reservoir (Bera et al., 2014) *255. Pseudodiaptomus tollingeri Sewell, 1919 BW, EW, FW : West Bengal: Port Canning (Sewell, 1932), Salt Lakes, Chingrighatta and Uttarbhag (Sewell, 1934), Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986),Mandirtala, Chemagari (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Canning, Pirkhali canal and Gazikhali canal and Tamluk (Roy, 1998); Odisha: Chilka Lake (Sewell, 1919, 1924, 1932); Andhra Pradesh: Lake Kolleru (Ranga Reddy and Radhakrishna, 1984); Tamil Nadu: Coum and Adyar estuaries (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2011), Madras coast (Pillai, 1976); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976a) Syn. Pseudodiaptomus ‘tollingerae’ (misspelling) : West Bengal: Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Puducherry: Pondicherry lagoon at Nandalour village near Karaikal (Brehm, 1953; Pillai, 1976a); Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Kerala: Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976a, b)

48 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Syn. Pseudodiaptomus ‘tollingarae’ (misspelling) : Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009) Syn. Schmackeria tollingeri : Kerala: Cochin backwater (George, 1958) Syn. Schmackeria tollingarae : Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Krishnaswamy, 1956) Family RHINCALANIDAE Geletin, 1976 Genus Rhincalanus Dana, 1852 256. Rhincalanus cornutus (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: “Investigator” Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929; Kiefer, 1939); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 872 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Rhincalanus cornutus forma typica : Tamil Nadu: Madras coast (Krishnaswamy, 1956) 257. Rhincalanus nasutus Giesbrecht, 1888 M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan 1963); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 860 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Rhincalanus ‘nastus’ (misspelling) : Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947) Family SCOLECITRICHIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Amallothrix Sars, 1925 258. Amallothrix robusta (T. Scott, 1894) M Syn. Scaphocalanus robustus : Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961) Genus Macandrewella A. Scott, 1909 259. Macandrewella chelipes (Giesbrecht, 1896) M Andaman and Nicobars Islands: “Investigator” Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) *260. Macandrewella cochinensis Gopalakrishnan, 1973 M Kerala: Cochin (Gopalakrishnan, 1973) *261. Macandrewella scotti Sewell, 1929 M Andaman and Nicobars Islands: “Investigator” Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) Genus ScaphocalanusG. O. Sars, 1900 262. Scaphocalanus magnus (T. Scott, 1894) M West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996)

49 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Genus Scolecithrix Brady, 1863 263. Scolecithrix bradyi Giesbrecht, 1888 M : Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903) 264. Scolecithrix danae (Lubbock, 1856) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati, and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Chennai (erstwhile Madras) (Krishnaswamy, 1956), Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Sewell, 1929), Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Laccadive Archipelagoes (Wolfenden, 1911), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 872 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. ‘Ascolethrix’ danae (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015) Genus Scolecithricella G. O. Sars, 1902 265. Scolecithricella minor Brady, 1883 M, EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015) 266. Scolecithricella nicobarica (Sewell, 1929) M *Syn. Scolecithrix nicobarica : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) *267. Scolecithricella pearsoni Sewell, 1914 M : Andaman and Nicobar Islands: “Investigator” Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929) Genus Scolecitrichopsis Vyshkvartzeva, 2000 268. Scolecitrichopsis ctenopus (Giesbrecht, 1888) M Syn. Scolecithricella ctenopus : Tamil Nadu: Madras (Krishnaswamy, 1956) Genus Scottocalanus G. O. Sars, 1905 269. Scottocalanus helenae (Lubbock, 1856) M : East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014) 270. Scottocalanus securifrons (T. Scott, 1894) M : West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996) Family SUBEUCALANIDAE Giesbrecht, 1893 Genus Subeucalanus Geletin, 1976 271. Subeucalanus crassus (Giesbrecht, 1888) M, EW : Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989)

50 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Syn. Eucalanus crassus : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Odisha: Bahuda and (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Burhabalanga estuaries (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977; Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015), Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Cochin backwater (George, 1958; Pillai, 1976b), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: “Investigator Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti Atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 854 (Goswami, 1979) 272. Subeucalanus monachus (Giesbrecht, 1888) M, EW Syn. Eucalanus monachus : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Nori backwater (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Kerala: Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979); Lakshadweep: Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 867 (Goswami, 1979) 273. Subeucalanus mucronatus (Giesbrecht, 1883) M, EW : Odisha: Mahanadi (Srichandan et al., 2013) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015) Syn. Eucalanus mucronatus : East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Macpherson Strait and ‘Investigator’ Station 614 (Expedition Harbour in Central group of Nicobars) (Sewell, 1929); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 856 (Goswami, 1979) 274. Subeucalanus pileatus (Giesbrecht, 1888) M, EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015) Syn. Eucalanus pileatus : Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstehile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997), Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Station 614, Nankauri Harbour (Sewell, 1929)

51 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. 275. Subeucalanus subcrassus (Giesbrecht, 1888) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Odisha: Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi (Baliarsingh et al., 2014) and Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013) Syn. Eucalanus subcrassus : West Bengal: Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Versova, Mahim (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Bal and Pradhan, 1945; Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) Bhatye estuary (Kulkarni and Mukadam, 2015); Goa: Mandovi estuary (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Zuari estuary (Goswami and Singbal, 1974; Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kavaratti atoll (Goswami, 1973), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 882 (Goswami, 1979) 276. Subeucalanus subtenuis (Giesbrecht, 1888) M, EW : Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 865 (Goswami, 1979) Family TEMORIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 Genus Eurytemora Giesbrecht, 1881 277. Eurytemora sp. FW : Jammu and Kashmir: Dal Lake (Nath, 1994) Genus Temora Baird, 1850 278. Temora discaudata Giesbrecht, 1889 M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), (Sarkar et al., 1985), Chemagari, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al.,1996), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013), Devi and Mahanadi estuaries (Baliarsingh et al., 2014), Rushikulya estuaries (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914), Krusadai Island (Chacko, 1950), Porto Novo (Santhanam et al., 1975), Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Saravanakumar et al., 2007), Hukul river at Kodinar (Nikul et al., 2017); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966), Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947; George, 1953), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Andaman Sea (Raghunathan et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi)

52 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), (Wolfenden), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 859 (Goswami, 1979), Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. ‘Temor’ discaudata (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959) 279. Temora longicornis (O. F. Müller, 1785) M, EW : Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (Jacob and Menon, 1947), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009) 280. Temora stylifera (Dana, 1849) M, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); East coast of India (Fernandes and Ramaiah, 2014); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Kerala: Cochin (Stephen and Iyer, 1979), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Minicoy (erstwhile Minikoi) (Thompson and A. Scott, 1903), (Wolfenden, 1906) Syn. ‘Tremora’ stylifera (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Syn. ‘Temor’ stylifera (Dana) (misspelling) : Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982) 281. Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849) M, BW, EW : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), (Sarkar et al., 1985), Chemagari, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010), Vellar estuary (Santham et al., 2012), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); West coast of India: Goa to Gujarat (Padmavati and Goswami, 1996); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975), Gulf of Kachchh (Govindan et al., 1977); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Zuari estuary, Camburja canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswthy, 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979), Cochin backwater (Pillai, 1976b), Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Southern Kerala (Robin et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: Kalpeni, Agatti Atolls (Achuthankutty et al., 1989) Syn. Temor turbinata (misspelling) : Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (George, 1953) Syn. ‘Tremora’ turbinata (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) Family TORTANIDAE Sars, 1902 Genus Tortanus Giesbrecht in Giesbrecht and Schmeil, 1898 Subgenus Atortus Sewell, 1932 *282. Tortanus (Atortus) tropicus Sewell, 1932 M : Nicobar Islands: Investigaor Station 614 (Sewell, 1932)

53 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. *283. Tortanus (Atortus) andamanensis Nishida, Anandavelu and Padmavati, 2015 M : Andaman Islands: Burmanallah 11°33´N., 92°43´E. (Nishida et al., 2015) *284. Tortanus (Atortus) sigmoides Nishida, Anandavelu and Padmavati, 2015 M : Andaman Islands (Nishida et al., 2015) Subgenus Tortanus Giesbrecht in Giesbrecht and Schmeil, 1898 285. Tortanus (Tortanus) barbatus (Brady, 1883) M, EW : Syn. Tortanus barbatus : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Burhabalanga estuary (Ramaiah et al., 1996); Rushikulya estuary (Baliarsingh et al., 2014); Andhra Pradesh: Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013); Maharashtra: Versova (Gajbhiye et al., 1991), Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997) Syn. Tortanus ‘barbules’ (misspelling) : Gujarat: Hukul river at Kodinar (Nikul et al., 2017) 286. Tortanus (Tortanus) forcipatus (Giesbrecht, 1889) M, EW Syn. Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Chemagari, South Sagar (Anonymous, 1987), Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Mahanadi estuary (Srichandan et al., 2013); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Goa: Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979), Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 870 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. ‘Trtanus’ forcipatus (misspelling) : Maharashtra: Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015) 287. Tortanus (Tortanus) gracilis (Brady, 1883) M, EW Syn. Tortanus gracilis Brady : West Bengal: Sagar Island (Sarkar et al., 1985), Hooghly estuary (Sarkar et al., 1986), Chemagari (Anonymous, 1987), Mandarmani creek (Mitra et al., 1990), Hugli-Matla estuary (Khan, 1995); Odisha: Bahuda estuary (Mishra and Panigrahy, 1996), Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961), Godavari estuary (Rakesh et al., 2013); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959); Gujarat: Saurashtra coast (Patel, 1975); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaiah and Nair, 1997); Kerala: Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009), Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy, 1966); Lakshadweep (Wolfenden), ‘Gaveshani’ Station 874 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. ‘Tortarus’ gracilis (misspelling) : West Bengal: Sundarban (Mandal and Nandi, 1989)

54 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 1 contd. Sl. Classified list of species with distribution and referance No. Nomen dubium Family CENTROPAGIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 1. Centropages tenuiremis Thompson and A. Scott, 1903 (nomen dubium) M : Indian coastal water (Kasturirangan, 1963); Odisha: Puri (Sewell, 1932); Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961); Tamil Nadu: Pamban (Sewell, 1914), Kilakarai (Sewell, 1914, 1932), Mandapam (Prasad, 1956), Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar (Kartha, 1959), Kottakudi and Nori backwaters (Thirunavukkarasu et al., 2013), Adyar and Cooum rivers (Shanthi and Ramanibai, 2010); Maharashtra: Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) Harbour (Ramaih and Nair, 1997), Dandi creek (Kadam and Tiwari, 2015); Goa: Mandovi Zuari estuaries and Camburja Canal (Goswami and Singbal, 1974), Zuari estuary (Goswami et al., 1979); Kerala: Trivandrum coast (Saraswathy 1966), Cochin (Stephen and Iyer,1979), Cochin to Alleppey (Madhupratap and Haridas, 1975),, Vembanad Lake (Dev Roy et al., 2009); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 882 (Goswami, 1979) Family DIAPTOMIDAE Baird, 1850 *2. Neodiaptomus madrasensis Roy, 1998 FW, BW : West Bengal: Bhangankhalighat near Canning, Sehara, Khanda Ghosh and Ambagan near Burdwan, Chinakuri village near Asansol and Palasi village (Roy, 1998) DOUBTFUL RECORDS* 1. Anomalocera patersoni Templeton, 1837 M : Lakshadweep (Wolfenden, 1906) 2. Pontella mediterranea Claus, 1863 M Syn. Pontella mediterranea Var. indica: Lakshadweep (Wolfenden, 1906) * According Sewell (1948, p. 432) records of this two species from Lakshadweep and Maldives could be by accidental mixing of collections from this region and the Atlantic ocean. Table 2. Taxic level distribution of calanoid copepods in India Sl. India Sl. India Family Family No. Genus Species No. Genus Species 1. Acartiidae 2 27 14. Lucicutiidae 1 2 2. Aetideidae 4 9 15. Metridinidae 3 6 3. Arietellidae 1 1 16. Paracalanidae 6 23 4. Augaptilidae 1 1 17. Parapontellidae 1 1 5. Calanidae 7 9 18. Pontellidae 6 44 6. Candaciidae 1 11 19. Pseudocyclopidae 2 3 7. Centropagidae 3 15 20. Pseudodiaptomidae 2 25 8. Clausocalanidae 2 4 21. Rhincalanidae 1 2 9. Diaptomidae 23 62 22. Scolecitrichidae 7 13 10. Eucalanidae 2 2 23. Subeucalanidae 1 6 11. Euchaetidae 1 7 24. Temoridae 2 5 12. Fosshageniidae 1 1 25. Tortanidae 1 6 13. Heterorhabdidae 1 2 Total 82 287

55 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Table. 3. Distribution of Calanoid copepods (Named species) in different States/Union Territories of India

Sl. State/Union Number of Sl. State/Union Number of No. Territory Species No. Territory Species State 14. Manipur 1 1. Assam 9 15. Meghalaya 4 2. Andhra Pradesh 103 16. Odisha 96 3. Bihar 3 17. Rajasthan 6 18. Tamil Nadu 107 4. Delhi 1 19. Telengana 4 5. Goa 48 20. Tripura 12 6. Gujarat 60 21 Uttarakhand 2 7. Himachal Pradesh 2 22. Uttar Pradesh 3 8. Jammu & Kashmir 23 23. West Bengal 66 9. Jharkhand 8 Union Territory 10. Karnataka 27 1. Andaman & Nicobar 100 11. Kerala 116 Islands 12. Madhya Pradesh 4 2. Lakshadweep 107 13. Maharashtra 94 3. Puducherry 13 * States/Union Territories have been arranged alphabetically for the sake of convenience

Table 4. List of unnamed species recorded from different State/U. T.’s in India Sl. Unnamed species Occcurrence and reference No. Family AETIDEIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892 1. Aetideus sp. Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 867 (Goswami, 1979) Syn. Euaetideus sp. Andhra Pradesh: Lawson’s Bay, Waltair (Ganapati and Shanthakumari, 1961)

2. Undeuchaeta sp. Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015)

Family AUGAPTILIDAE Sars, 1905

3. Haloptilussp. Odisha: Rushikulya estuary (Srichandan et al., 2015); Lakshadweep: ‘Gaveshani’ Station 869 (Goswami, 1979)

Family CALANIDAE Dana, 1849

4. Undinula sp. Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013); Kerala: Kozhikode (erstwhile Calicut) (George, 1953)

Family DIAPTOMIDAE Baird, 1850

5. Allodiaptomus sp. Bihar: Valmiki Nagar (Sharma et al., 2011); Maharashtra: Bombay Harbour (Ramaiah et al., 1977)

56 Catalogue on Copepod Fauna of India. Part I. Calanoida

Table 4 contd. Sl. Unnamed species Occcurrence and reference No. 6. Diaptomus sp. Jammu and Kashmir: Wular Lake (Shah et al., 2013); Bihar: Muzaffarpur, Begusara, Vaishali, Darbhanga and Madhepura (Kumar et al., 2011); Goa: Mandovi-Zuari estuaries (Goswami, 1982); Himachal Pradesh: Mandi (Thakur et al., 2013)

7. Heliodiaptomus sp. Himachal Pradesh: Mandi (Thakur et al., 2013)

8. Megadiaptomus sp. Assam: Abhayapuri (Kalita et al., 2011)

9. Neodiaptomussp. Haryana: Chilli Lake (Chopra and Jakhar, 2016)

10. Paradiaptomus sp. Assam: Abhayapuri (Kalita et al., 2011)

11. Phyllodiaptomus sp. Haryana: Chilli Lake, Bhodia Khera Temple Pond and Daulatpuria Pond (Chopra and Jakhar, 2016); Uttarakhand: Bhimtal Lake (Malik and Panwar, 2016)

12. Spicodiaptomus sp. West Bengal: Haora (Venkataraman and Nandi, 1997); Bihar: Bhagalpur (Verma and Dutta Munshi, 1983)

Family EUCHAETIDAE Giesbrecht, 1892

13. Euchaeta sp. Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013)

Family RHINCALANIDAE Geletin, 1976

14. Rhincalanus sp. Karnataka: Kali estuary (Kumar et al., 2013); Goa: Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015)

Family TORTANIDAE

15. Tortanus sp. Karnataka: Karwar (D’Costa and Pai, 2015); Goa: Colva (D’Costa and Pai, 2015)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Author expresses his sincere thanks to Prof Y. Ranga Reddy, Emeritus Professor, Department of Zoology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Andhra Pradesh for providing several literature on Indian diaptomids.

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Ramalingappa, A., Rajashekar, M. and Vijaykumar, K. 2015. Zooplankton diversity in Heroor Reservoir, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary, 1(8): 18-31, tab. 1. www. irjetm.com Ramaiah, N. and Nair, V. R. 1997. Distribution and abundance of copepods in the pollution gradient zones of Bombay Harbour-Thana Creek-Bassin Creek, west coast of India. Indian J. mar. Sci., 26(1): 20-25, figs. 1-3, tab. 1. Ranga Reddy, Y. 1985. A taxonomic reappraisal of Spicodiaptomus chelospinus Rajendran (Copepoda: Calanoida). Crustaceana, 48(3): 294-306, figs. 1-4, tab. 1. Ranga Reddy, Y. 1987. A taxonomic revision of the genus Allodiaptomus Kiefer (Copepoda: Calanoida) including the descriptions of a new species from India. Crustaceana, Leiden, 52(2): 113-134, figs. 1-86. Ranga Reddy, Y. 1988. On the taxonomy of the genus Megadiaptomus Kiefer, including the description of a new species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from India. Hydrobiologia, 166: 247-262. Ranga Reddy, Y. 1992. Eodiaptomus shihi n. sp. (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Central India. Hydrobiologia, 231(1): 1-11. Ranga Reddy, Y. 2000. Neodiaptomus meggitti Kiefer, 1932: A rare south-east Asian species from the Andaman Islands, India (Copepoda: Calanoida, Diaptomidae). Crustaceana, 73: 257-272, figs. 1-73. Ranga Reddy, Y. 2013a. Neodiaptomus prateek n. sp., a new freshwater copepod from Assam, India, with critical review of generic assignment of Neodiaptomus spp. and a note on diaptomid species richness (Calanoida: Diaptomidae). J. Crust. Biol., 33(6): 849-865, figs. 1-10. Ranga Reddy, Y. 2013b. Tropodiaptomus signatus Kiefer, 1982, a little known species from Loktak Lake, Manipur State, India (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae). Crustaceana, 86(13-14): 1675-1688. DOI: 10.1163/15685403-00003244. Ranga Reddy, Y., Balkhi, M. H. and Yousuf, A. R. 1990. Arctodiaptomus (Rhabdodiaptomus) michaeli n. sp. (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Kashmir, India. Hydrobiologia, 190(3): 223-231, figs. 1-50. Ranga Reddy, Y. and Das, P. K. 1981. A redescription of Neodiaptomus satanus Brehm, 1952 (Copepoda: Calanoida) with critical remarks on its present taxonomic status. Crustaceana, 41(1): 1-9, figs. 1-21. Ranga Reddy, Y. and Radhakrishna, Y. 1980. A new species of Rhinediaptomus Kiefer (Copepoda: Calanoida) from South India. Crustaceana, 38(2): 194-198, figs. 1-10. Ranga Reddy, Y. and Radhakrishna, Y. 1981. On the genus Heliodiaptomus Kiefer in India, including the description of a new species (Copepoda: Calanoida). Hydrobiologia, 83(1): 161-172, pls. 1-5. 67 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

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Roy, T. 1984b. Studies on Indian calanoids. 3. On a new species of Tropodiaptomus Kiefer (Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from Nilgiri District of southern India. Bull. zool. Surv. India, 5(2-3): 53-58, figs. 1 a-h. Roy, T. 1984c. Studies on Indian calanoids. 1. Description of a new calanoid copepod, Neodiaptomus tiwarii sp. nov. (Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from the Nilgiri District with ecological observations. Bull. zool. Surv. India, 6(1-3): 101-108, figs. 1 a-h. Roy, T. 1991. Studies on Indian Calanoids. 5. Occurrence of Tropodiaptomus australis Kiefer (Copepoda: Diaptomidae) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Rec. zool. Surv. India, 88(3-4): 255-261, figs. 1a-h. Roy, T. 1998. Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida and Cyclopoida. Fauna of West Bengal, Part 10: 285-313. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. Roy, T. 1999.Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae. State Fauna Series, 4: Fauna of Meghalaya, Part 9: 551-556. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.

Roy, T. 2000. Diaptomidae (Crustacea: Copepoda). State Fauna Series, 7: Fauna of Tripura, Part 4: 257-262. Zool. Surv. India. Santhanam, R., Krishnamurthy, K. and Subbaraju, R.C. 1975. Zooplankton of Porto Novo, south India. Bull. Dep. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin, 7(4): 899-911. Santhanam, P. and Perumal, P.2003. Diversity of zooplankton in Parangipettai coastal waters, Southeast Coast of India. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 45: 144-151. Santhanam, P., Perumal, P., Ananth, S. and Devi, A.S. 2012. Copepod population in Vellar estuary, Parangipettai coast in relation to environmental conditions. J. Environ. Biol., 33: 1003-1010. Santos Silva, E. N. D., Kakkassery, F. K., Maas, S. and Dumont, H. J. 1994. Keralodiaptomus rangareddyi, a new genus and new species of Diaptomidae (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from a temporary pond in Mattam, Kerala state, India. Hydrobiologia, 288(2): 119-128, figs. 1-38. Saraswathy, M. 1966. Pelagic copepods from the inshore waters off Trivandrum coast. Proc. Symp. Crustacea. Vol. 1: 74-106. Marine Biological Association of India, Cochin. Saraswathy, M. 1973. The genus Gaussia (Copepoda: Calanoida0 with a description of G. sewelli sp. nov. from the Indian Ocean. Handbook to the International Zooplankton Collections, Papers on the Zooplankton collections of the IIOE, Indian Ocean Biological Centre, 5: 190-195, figs. 1-4, pl. 1, map 1.

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Saravanakumar, A., Rajkumar, M., Serebiah, J. S. and Thivakaran, G. A. 2007. Abundance and seasonal variations of zooplankton in the arid zone mangroves of Gulf of Kachchh-Gujarat, west coast of India. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci., 10: 3525-3532, figs. 1-7, tabs. 1-2. Sarkar, S. K., Singh, B. N. and Choudhury, A. 1985. Copepods components of inshore zooplankton of the Bay of Bengal off Sagar Island, West Bengal, India. Curr. Sci., 54(23): 1217-1220, figs. 1a, b, tabs., 1-2. Sarkar, S. K., Singh, B. N. and Choudhury, A.1986. Seasonal distribution of copepods in Hoogly esturary, northern Bay of Bengal. Indian J. mar. Sci., 15(3): 177- 180, fig. 1, tab. 1. Sehgal, K. L. 1960. Studies on Indian freshwater copepod. I. On a new species of Heliodiaptomus Brehm (Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from Orissa. J. zool. Soc. India, 12(2): 243-248, figs. 1-11. Sehgal, K. L. 1967. Studies on Indian freshwater copepod. II. On calanoid copepod occurring in fish ponds of Orissa. J. zool. Soc. India, 19(1&2): 53-76. Sewell, R.B. S. 1912.Notes on the surface-living Copepods of the Bay of Bengal. I & II. Rec. Indian Mus, 7: 313-382. Sewell, R.B. S. 1914. Notes on the surface copepoda of the Gulf of Mannar. Spolia Zeylanica, 9(35):191-262, pls, 17-21, 1 map, appendix. Colombo Museum. Sewell, R. B. S., 1919. I. A preliminary note on some new species of Copepoda. Rec. Indian Mus., 16(1): 1-18. Sewell, R. B. S. 1924. Fauna of the Chilka Lake: Crustacea Copepoda. Mem. Indian Mus., 5: 771-851. Sewell, R.B. S. 1929. The Copepoda of the Indian Seas.Calanoida.Tribe Amphaskandria. Mem. Indian Mus., 10(1): 1-221, text-figs. 1-81. Sewell, R.B. S. 1932. The Copepoda of the Indian Seas. Calanoida.Tribe Heterarthrandria. Mem. Indian Mus., 10(2): 223-407, text-figs. 82-131, 6 pls. Sewell, R. B. S. 1934. A study of the Fauna of the Salt Lake, Calcutta. Rec. Indian Mus., 36(1):45-121, text-figs. 1-12. Sewell, R. B. S. 1948. The free-swimming planktonic Copepoda: Geographical distribution. John Murray Expedition, Scientific Reports, 8(3): 317-592, text- figs. 1-24, charts 1-2. Shah, J. A. and Pandit, A. K. 2013. Some crustacean zooplankton of Wular Lake in Kashmir Himalaya. Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 7(5): 329-335, figs. 1-4.

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Shah, J. A., Pandit, A. K. and Shah, M. 2013. Distribution, diversity and abundance of copepod zooplankton of Wular Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ., 5(2): 24-29, figs. 1-3, tabs. 1-3. Shanthi, M. and Ramanibai, R.2011/2010. Studies on copepods from chennai coast (Cooum and Adyar), Bay of Bengal-during the cruise. Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 3: 132-136, figs. 1-3, tab. 1. Sharma, B.S. and Cyril, W.2007. Distribution and abundance of zooplankton in relation to petroleum hydrocarbon content along the coast of Kollam (Quilon), South West coast of India. J. Environ. Biol., 28: 53-62. Sharma, G., Sinha, P. and Sinha, P. 2011. Zooplankton diversity. In: Faunal Diversity of Chaurs of North Bihar. Wetland Ecosystem Series No. 14. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 7-19, figs. 1-4, tabs. 1-2. Sharma, S. and Sharma, B. K. 2008. Zooplankton diversity in floodplain lakes of Assam. Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. paper No. 290: 1-307, figs. 1-707, tabs. 1-23. Sharma, S. and Sharma, B. K. 2013. Faunal diversity of aquatic invertebrates of Deepor Beel (A Ramsar Site), Assam, North-east India Wetland Ecosystem Series, 17: 1-227, figs. 1-151, tabs. 1-5. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Siddiqi, S. Z. and Khan, R. A. 2002. Comparative limnology of few man-made lakes in and around Hyderabad, India. Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 203: 1-64, figs. 1-13, tabs. 1-18. Silas, E. G. and Pillai, P. P. 1967. Labidocera pseudacuta, a new pontellid copepod from the Indian Ocean, with remarks on the related species Labidocera acuta (Dana). J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 9(2): 346-364. Silas, E. G. and Pillai, P. P. 1973. The calanoid copepod family Pontellidae from the Indian Ocean. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 15(2): 771-858, figs. 1-35, tabs. 1-3. Sivakumar, K. and Altaff, K. 2004. Ecological indices of freshwater copepods and cladocerans from Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Zoo’s Print Journal, 19(5): 1466-1468. Srichandan, S., Sahu, B. K., Panda, R., Baliarsingh, S. K., Sahu, K. C. and Panigrahy, R. C. 2015. Zooplankton distribution in coastal water of the north-western Bay of Bengal, off Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India. Indian J. mar. Sci., 44(4): 546-561. Srichandan, S., Panda, C. R. and Rout, N. C. 2013. Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in Mahanadi estuary (Odisha), east coast of India: A taxonomical approach. Int. J. Zool. Res., 9(1): 17-31, figs. 1-4, tabs. 1-3. Stephen, R. 1977. Calanoid copepods from the shelf and slope waters off Cochin: distribution, biomass and species diversity. Proc. Symp. Warm Water Zooplankton, Special Publication, NIO, Goa, pp. 21-27.

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ON SOME FISH DIVERSITY PATTERN OF SUNDARBAN DELTA, WEST BENGAL

Arpita Rakshit and Ipsita Chanda* Department of Zoology, Seth Anandram Jaipuria College, 10, Raja Nabakrishna Street, Kolkata-700005, India

ABSTRACT Fish diversity pattern of Sundarban delta comprising a total of 120 fish species including freshwater (57 species), brackish water (42 species) and marine fish (21 species) is analyzed and presented. At the order level Perciformes, Siluriformes and Clupeiformes are the major contributors. Conservation aspect has also been cited.

Key words: Sundarban delta, Fish diversity, Conservation INTRODUCTION Sundarban delta is the largest protruding part on this planet covering about one million hectare of the delta distributaries of the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna, shared between India (~40%) and Bangladesh (~60%). It is a rich zone of fish biodiversity. About 15-20% of total fish required for Kolkata marketare supplied from Sundarban and its adjacent Bhery Fishery system. An updated view of fish diversity pattern of this famous Sundarban delta is communicated with some comments on conservation issues.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involves fish faunal exploration by direct sampling from fishermen, fishing sites and fish landing centres as well as participatory interview schedules involving fishermen and villagers involved in fish catch and fishing business. Literature consultation was made from Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Mishra et al. (2003), Pramanik and Nandi (2004), Mandal et al. (2012) and Mahapatra et al. (2015) for identification and appraisal of the concerned fish species noted and/or observed during the course of study.

*Corresponding author Email id: [email protected]

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present study deals with an updated status of some fish diversity pattern at Sundarban delta region, which comprises a total of 120 species of fish, including 57 freshwater fish, 42 brackish water fish, 21 marine fish species (Table 1). However, Indian part of Sundarban is reported to harbor 305 species of fishes including 34 elasmobranchs under 20 genera and 10 families and 271 bony fishes belonging to 173 genera and 61 families (Pal et al., 2014). Further, a considerable number of freshwater fishes occur exclusively in freshwater pond ecosystem. As such further intensive investigation is needed to unfold the entire fish diversity of Sundarban region towards conservation and culture of these species. Table 1. List of major fish species in the Indian part of Sundarban delta

2Optimum 1Economic habitat & 4Fish Order, Family and Species Local name value 3Migration variety pattern ANGUILIFORMES Anguillidae Bun/Eel/Mottled or O Dm, Ca Fr 1. Anguilla bengalensis Long Finned Eel bengalensis Ophichthidae Rice Paddy Eel, Sona F,O E, BP, A Br 2. Pisodonophis boro Bam BELONIFORMES Belonidae Kankle/Freshwater F,O P, A Br 3. Xenentodon cancila Garfish/Needle Fish CLUPEIFORMES Clupeidae White Sardine/ F CP, A M 4. Escualosa thoracata Samudra Maurala 5. Gudusia chapra Khaira/Indian River F P, Po M Shad 6. Tenualosa ilisha Ilish F P, An Br 7. Tenualosa toil Kajli ilish F Fr 8. Setipinna phasa Phasa/Gangetic F CP, A Fr Hairfin Anchovy 9. Setipinna taty Scaly Hairpin F CP, Oc Fr Anchovy Engraulidae 10. Coilia dussumieri Amodi F, O Br CYPRINIFORMES Cyprinidae Mourala/ Pale F BP Fr 11. Amblypharyngodon mola Carplet 12. Barilius barna Ghol/ Bhola F P Fr 13. Catla catla Katla F P Fr 14. Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal F P Fr

76 On some fish diversity pattern of Sundarban Delta, West Bengal

Table 1 contd. 2Optimum 1Economic habitat & 4Fish Order, Family and Species Local name value 3Migration variety pattern 15. Cirrhinus reba Raik Bata F P, A Fr 16. Crossocheilus latius latius Kala Bata F BP Fr 17. Devario devario Techokha O P Fr 18. Esomus danricus Darke/Indian Flying F,O BP Fr Barb 19. Labeo bata Bata F BP, Po Fr 20. Labeo calbasu Kalbose/Kalbaush/ F Dm, A Fr Orange Finned Labeo 21. Labeo dero Khursha, Kathalkushi F P Fr 22. Labeo rohita Rohu F P Fr 23. Laubuca laubuca Chela/Indian Grass F,O BP Fr Barb MUGILIFORMES Mugilidae 24. Liza tade Bhanga/ Tade Mullet F E, BP, Ca Fr 25. Liza parsia Parshey/Goldspot F E, BP, Ca Fr Mullet 26. Mugil cephalus Parshey/Parsia/ F E, P, Ca Br Flathead Grey Mullet 27. Rhinomugil corsula Konia, Kannua F E, Po Br OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Notopteridae Chital/ Humped F Dm Fr 28. Notopterus chitala Featherback 29. Notopterus notopterus Pholui/ Bronze F Dm, Po Fr (A species complex with Featherback taxonomic disputes) PERCIFORMES Ambassidae Chanda/Elongate F,O BP Fr 30. Chanda nama Glassy Perchlet 31. Chanda ranga Chanda/Indian Glassy F,O Dm, Po Fr Fish 32. Pseudoambassis ranga Chanda / Indian Glass F,O Dm, Po Br Perch 33. Drepane punctatus Samudrik Chanda F, O M Anabantidae Gangetic Koi/ Vietnam F BP Fr 34. Anabus cobojius Koi 35. Anabus testudineus Koi/ Climbing Perch F Dm Fr

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Table 1 contd. 2Optimum 1Economic habitat & 4Fish Order, Family and Species Local name value 3Migration variety pattern Centropomidae 36. Lates calcarifer Vetki/ Asian Sea Bass F E, Ca, Dm Fr Eleotridae Mud Sleeper/Crested F,O BP Br 37. Butis koilomatodon Gudgeon 38. Butis butis Rule F,O BP Br 39. Chanos chanos Milk fish F,O A Br Gobiidae 40. Apocryptes cantoris Dakur Machh F Dm Fr 41. Apocryptes macrolepis Goby F CP, E, A Fr 42. Glossogobius giuris Bele/ Tank Goby F B,E Fr 43. Platycephalus indicus Chota Bele F, O E, Dm, A Br 44. Brachygobius nunas Nona bele F, O BP, A Br 45. Sellagos ihama Samudrik bele F, O E, Dm M 46. Brachiurus sp. Pata F BP Br Gobiidae 47. Chelanodon patoca Patoka F E, A Br 48. Coiliar amcarti Jat Amude F, O BP, A Br 49. Coiliar eynaldi Rupoli Amude F, O E, A Br 50. Dasciaena albida Surungi bhola F BP, A Br 51. Pseudapocryptes elongates Chema F CP,A Fr 52. Polynemus paradiseus Topshe/Paradise F E, Dm, A M Threadfin 53. Otolithoides biauritus Bronze Croaker F E, Dm, A Fr 54. Pama pama Pama F BP, A Fr 55. Panna microdon Pama Croaker F Dm, A B Bramidae 56. Pampus argenteus White Pomfret F Dm M 57. Pampus chinensis Pomfret F Dm M 58. Panastirometeus niger Black pomfret F Dm M Cichlidae 59. Etroplus suratensis Muktogachha F E, A Fr PLEURONECTIFORMES Cynoglossidae 60. Cynoglossus lingua Jivakritir Maachh, Sal F E, A B 61. Cynoglossus puncticeps Jiv Maachh/Spiny F E, A, Dm M Tongue Eel

78 On some fish diversity pattern of Sundarban Delta, West Bengal

Table 1 contd. 2Optimum 1Economic habitat & 4Fish Order, Family and Species Local name value 3Migration variety pattern SILURIFORMES Ariidae 62. Arius gagora Gagora Catfish F E Fr 63. Arius platystomus Flat Mouth Sea F E, A B Catfish Erithistidae 64. Erethistes pusillus Tinkantia F B B 65. Hara hara Huddah F B Fr Pangasidae Pangus/Yellow Tail F, O BP Fr 66. Pangasius pangasius Catfish Siluridae Puffta/ Indian Butter F, O Dm, A Fr 67. Ompok bimaculatus Catfish 68. Ompok pabda Pabdah Catfish F,O Dm, A Fr 69. Ompok pabo Pabo/ Pabo Catfish F, O Dm, A Fr 70. Wallago attu Boal/Freshwater F, O Dm, Po Fr Shark Bagridae Aar/Long-Whiskered F Dm, Po Fr 71. Aorichthys aor Catfish/Bagrid type 72. Aorichthys seenghala Aar/Giant-Whiskered F Dm, A B Catfish 73. Batasio batasio Batashi/ Tista Batasio F, O Dm Fr 74. Mystus bleekeri Gang Tangra/Day’s F Dm B Mystus 75. Mystus cavasius Kabasi Tangra/ F, O Dm, A Fr Gangetic Mystus 76. Mystus gulio Nuna Tangra/ Long F,O Dm, Ca B Whiskered Catfish 77. Mystus tengara Tangra F Dm Fr 78. Mystus vittatus Dorakata Tangra/ F, O Dm Fr Striped Dwarf Catfish 79. Rita rita Rita F, O Dm B Cyprinodontidae Dhenochune/Blue F E, BP, A Fr 80. Aplocheilus panchax Panchax, Techokha 81. Oryzias melanostigma Dhenochuna F E Fr 82. Eleutherone matetradactylym Gurjauli F Dm, Ca B 83. Lutjanus johni Chanda koi F Dm B 84. Hemiramphus far Bak F Dm B

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Table 1 contd. 2Optimum 1Economic habitat & 4Fish Order, Family and Species Local name value 3Migration variety pattern Schilbeidae Kajri, Kojoli/Gangetic F, O P Fr 85. Ailia coila ailia 86. Clupisoma garua Garua, Koeha, F, O Dm, A Fr Puttoshi, Ghero 87. Johnius coitor Lal Bhola F B, A B 88. Pterotolithus maculates Madhu Bhola F P, A B 89. Alepes djedaba Kane Poka F B, A B 90. Arius dussumieri Med Kanta F P, A B 91. Boleopthalamus boddarti Menu machh F B, A B 92. Eutropiichthys vacha Bacha/ Tunti/ Batchwa F, O P B Vacha 93. Megalops cyprinoids Omlet F, O Fr 94. Neotropius atherinoides Batasi/ Indian Potasi F, O P, Po B 95. Trichiurus savala Rupabati F B Fr 96. Osteogeiosus militaris Medh F B Fr 97. Pseudeutropius atherinoides Doya, Potasi F, O P B 98. Gogangra viridescens Sisorid Catfish F B, A B 99. Bagarius yarrelli Giant Devil Catfish F, O P, A B 100. Bagarius bagarius Baghari/Garua/ F BP Fr Gangetic Goonch 101. Gagata cenia Jungla/ Indian Gagata F B, A Fr SYNBRANCHIFORMES Mastacembelidae 102. Macrognathus aculeatus Baan F, O E, A M 103. Monodactylus argenteus Nona Bam F E, A Fr 104. Periophthalmus weberi Daku mach F E, A Fr 105. Macrognathus aral Golchi/One stripe F BP, Po M Spiny Eel 106. Macrognathus armatus Baan/ Zigzag Eel F,O Dm, A M 107. Macrognathus pancalus Pankal/ Gangetic Eel F BP, A M Synbranchidae Cuche/ Gangetic mud F Dm Fr 108. Monopterus cuchia Eel TETRAODONTIFORMES Tetradontidae Tepa/ Ocellated Puffer O P Fr 109. Tetraodon cutcutia Fish 110. Tetraodon fluviatilis Potoka/ Green Puffer O P Fr Fish 111. Plotosus canius Kan Magur F B 112. Rhinobatos spp. Hangor F B, E, A M

80 On some fish diversity pattern of Sundarban Delta, West Bengal

Table 1 contd. 2Optimum 1Economic habitat & 4Fish Order, Family and Species Local name value 3Migration variety pattern 113. Arius sona Samudrik Aar F M 114. Harpo donnecherus Lutia F BP Fr 115. Pristis spp. Korat machh F P M 116. Mene maculate Moon fish F BP M 117. Triacanthu sbiacculeatus Helicopter F Dm, A M CARCHARINIFORMES Carcharhinidae 118. Scoliodon laticaudus Shark F Dm M Sphyrnidae 119. Sphyrna spp. Sankar mach F Dm M 120. Paraplagus iabilineata Pata mach F B, E, A M Note : 1Economic value: F=Food fish, O=Ornamental; 2Optimum Habitat: P= Pelagic, BP=Bentho-Pelagic, Dm=Demersal, E: Estuarine, B=Benthic, CP= Coastal Pelagic; 3Migration: Ca=Catadromous, Po=Ptamodromous, A=Amphidromous, An= Anadromous, Oc=Oceanodromous; 4Variety: Fr=Fresh water, Br=Brackish water, M=Marine water.] Among these, the orders, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Clupeiformes are the major contributors. The maximum varieties of fishes are found in the family Gobiidae (order Perciformes) and Schilbeidae (order Siluriformes). The other contributing varieties are Cyprinidae (order Cypriniformes), Mastacembelidae (order Synbranchioformes) and Bagridae (order Siluriformes). The majority of these varieties are food fishes, while few are ornamental (Table 1). In case of the orders Anguilliformes and Beloniformes, the varieties of fishes identified are least in number (Table 1). These are the ornamental fishes. Among the identified forms, about 77% has food value and the remaining 23% is ornamental fishes (Fig. 2b). Among the ornamental fishes, Anguilla bengalensis (family Anguillidae), Devario devari (family Cyprinidae), Tetraodon cutcutia, Tetraodon fluviatilis (family Tetradontidae) are only ornamental and the others have both food and ornamental values (Table 1). The study of the habitats of the identified fishes has shown that about 43% of the fishes arefresh water, while 31% are of brackish water. Among the rest, 16% are marine, whereas 10% are shell fishes. Most of the members of the families Cyprinidae, Notopteridae, Erithistidae, Ambassidae, Anabantidae and Siluridae are freshwater, while that of Gobiidae, Eleotridae, Schilbeidae are brackish water fishes (Table 1). The families like Bramidae, Tetradontidae, Mastacembelidae include mostly marine fishes. Migratory habits shows that 69% of the fishes are amphidromous, 16% are ptamodromous and 11% are catadromous fishes. The members of the family Mugilidae are mostly catadromous, while that of Gobiidae, Siluridae, Schilbeidae, Mastacembelidae are amphidromous and the most of the members of family Ambassidae are ptamodromous.

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Increased human activities make the coastal region unprotected from heavy storms and are exposed to floods. The reduction of the quantity and periodicity of freshwater due to construction of barrages at upstream riverside, and the change of the courses of rivers, cause the increased salinity at the mangrove region, that disrupts fish migration and breeding patterns. The rivers that feed the mangroves, bring down heavy silt loads as a result of deforestation and erosion in their corse from Himalayan Range. This silt makes the water of the mangrove region turbid. This turbidity has profound effects on the sensitive mangrove ecosystem and its flora and fauna, especially on the juvenile stages of the fishes. Fishing and Shrimp fry collection in an unsustainable manner and the building of shrimp grow-out ponds sacrificing mangrove forest contribute to the degradation and habitat loss of aquatic lives. Moreover, the influx of chemical pollutants from agricultural fields or factories into the waterways are the potential threats to the loss of biodiversity of this region. The recession of mangrove ecoregion by human and their activities might change the ecosystem of mangrove support. This exerts negative impact on the biodiversity of ichthyofauna of this region resulting in the decline and elimination of many existing species. Mangrove ecoregion is shared by both Bangladesh and India. So, the international cooperation and understanding between these two countries would provide better scope for healthy propagation of the mangrove ecosystem and its biodiversity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors are greatly thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of West Bengal for rendering funding support as Minor Research Project for this study. REFERENCES Mandal, M., Mukherjee, A., Sarkar, S. and Banerjee S. 2012. Study on the Ornamental Fin Fish of Indian Sundarbans with Special Reference to Few Floral Sources for Carotenoid Pigmentation. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 4(6): 566-576. Mahapatra, B.K., Sarkar, U.K.. and Lakra, W.S. 2015. A Review on Status, Potentials, Threats and Challenges of the Fish Biodiversity of West Bengal. J Biodivers Biopros Dev, 2: 1. Mishra, S., Pradhan, P., Kar, S. & Chakraborthy, S.K. 2003. Ichthyofaunal diversity of Midnapore, Bankura and Hooghly districts of South West Bengal. Rec zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No, 220: 1-65 (Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata). Pal, M., Kar, S. and Mishra, S. S. 2014. An overview of the fishes of Indian Sundarbans and their commercial status. J. Environ. & Sociobiol., 11(2): 171-186. Pramanik, S. K. and Nandi, N. C. 2004. Dry Fish Production Profile of Indian Sundarban, Classical Publishing Company, Delhi, 110 015, pp. 1-292. Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland Fishes of India and adjacent countries, Vol. 1 & 2. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

82 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 83-88, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : 05 March, 2018 / Accepted : 27 March, 2018 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

STATUS, CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES IN INDIA : AN OVERVIEW

R. P. Mukherjee* Resi : CD-292, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700064

ABSTRACT Majority of the 15 species of non-human primates in India are restricted in distribution, small in population and are facing serious habitat loss. These primates can be categorised into: (i) Common and fairly abundant species, (ii) Rare and threatened species, (iii) Data deficient species and (iv) Species of doubtful distribution. Their status, conservation management issues are briefly discussed here to save them from extinction. Key words : Status, conservation, management, Non-human primates INTRODUCTION India has an amazing high diversity of non-human primate populations and is represented by 15 species. Majority of these are forest dwellers, but there are some which live in wide ranging habitats and are well adapted to divergent ways of life (Southwick and Siddiqui, 2001; Mukherjee and Alfred, 2011). These primate species are good indicators of the viability of ecosystems and can be used for the proper management and conservation of the divergent ecosystems. Hence, it is equally important that the country’s primate diversity be maintained. The monkeys are used as an experimental model in biomedical and various other scientific research works. In India the monkeys have survived for such a long time due to their religious association and the tolerance of the people. However, due to rapid philosophical and traditional changes people no longer consider them as sacred but considered them as pests and destructive agents to their crops and houses (Jairajpuri and Mukherjee, 1990). OVERVIEW Recent report released by the Conservation International and Primate Specialist Group have classified 195 primate species and sub-species as either critically endangered or endangered and this figure nearly jumped to 63%, from 120 to 195, since the initial report published in January 2000. One in three primate species is now regarded as threatened. Asia accounts for almost 45% of the world most

* Former Senior Scientist, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata

83 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) endangered primates, with 11 listed among the top 25, and is regarded as world leader in endangered primate species (World Conservation Union 2002). Based on the information available, Indian primates can be categorised into: (i) Common and fairly abundant species, (ii) Rare and threatened species, (iii) Data deficient species, (iv) Species of doubtful distribution. Each category has itsown conservation and management problems and needs to address separately (Mukherjee, et al., 2008a). However, conservation and management programmes should be drawn by keeping in mind the requirements of entire biodiversity of non-human primates. Common and fairly Abundant Species The three species; Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) and Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus entellus); are the common and widely distributed. Bonnet macaques are restricted to Peninsular India, whereas the geographical range of rhesus is broad and found all over India (Tiwari and Mukherjee, 1992). The boundary between these two macaques, in the South that is given in most of the primatological reference is the Tapti River in the West and the Godavari River in the East. This inter specific boundary was drawn in the past. The latest extensive field surveys conducted reveal that the range of rhesus extends South of both Tapti and Godavari rivers. The present distribution boundary of these two macaques is defined by a line joining the Northern part of the Western Ghat, the Manjra plateau and the northern end of the Velikonda Range of the Eastern Ghat. Hanuman Langurs are found all over the country, except North-Eastern India. These species are well adopted and live in wide ranging habitats such as forested areas including the montane forests of Himalayas, towns, villages, road side trees, temples, railway stations, mangroves, tourist places, etc. These three species are commensal and cause agricultural and health problems in many areas. Rhesus is more aggressive than the other two species and Rhesus and Bonnet raid crop fields and horticulture and vegetable gardens more than Hanuman Langurs. As these species live in human dominated environments, consequently there is an increase in man-monkey conflicts. The absence of management plan of commensal monkeys, the problem of man-monkey conflict is only going to increase in future. Rare and Threatened Species Majority of the Indian non-human primates belong to this category and are forest dwellers. The 9 species that comes under this category are all endemic to two hot spots region of India. Seven species namely Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), Stump-tailed macaque (M. arctoides), Assamese macaque (M. assamensis), Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei), Phayres leaf monkey (T. phayrei), Capped langur (T. pileatus) and Hoolock gibbon (Bunopithecus hoolock) are found in the forests of North-Eastern India. Assamese macaques are also recorded from Darjeeling and Sikkim but are absent in the State of Tripura. The other two species namely the

84 Status, conservation and management of non-human primates in India : An Overview

Nilgiri langur (T. johnii) and Lion-tailed macaque (M. silenus) are distributed only in the forests of South India (Mukherjee and Alfred, 2011). All the forest living primates depend entirely on the forest for their food and shelter. Assamese macaques at places, like rhesus, inhabit the temples, towns and road-side habitats. Such populations are partially provisioned and get food from the people. All these species have limited distribution and small in population and are facing serious habitat loss. Most of these species are either critically endangered or endangered and are threatened (Mukherjee, 1996, 1999). Data deficient Species The three species namely Slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), Slender loris (Loris tardigradus) and Crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) inhabiting the forests of North-East States of India, South India and the forests of Nicober Islands respectively. Out of these three, Slow and Slender loris are nocturnal and their status are not known. The Crab-eating macaques have also not been studied in the field extensively and the present status has not been worked out (Mukherjee and Alfred, 2011) Species of doubtful distribution Reports have been published regarding the occurrence of a few other species which have not been reported in the past. The occurrence of Pere David’s or Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) and Snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) have been reported by some field workers from Arunachal Pradesh (Kumar, et.al., 2005; Sinha et.al., 2005). These species are found in China and Myanmar. Their occurrence in India have not been confirmed. It has also been reported that the Tibetan macaque sighted in Arunachal Pradesh is the result of misidentification of a sub-species of Assamese macaque (Biswas et al., 2011). To reach a definite conclusion about the occurrence of these species in India it is necessary to conduct extensive field surveys of Arunachal Pradesh. DISCUSSION Recent report of the WWF stated that from 1970 to 2010 Wildlife population has declined by 52%. Field studies reveal that primate population in India has also declined during this period (Jairajpuri and Mukherjee, 1990; Tiwari and Mukherjee, 1992). A great majority of primate species in India inhabits and depends upon the tropical forests for their food and shelter. These forests are being cut down at an alarming rate for various purposes. This is the major factor for the decline in primate populations and their natural habitats. Deforestation leads to fragmentation of forests at places and in turn it leads to the fragmented distribution of primate populations in these forests (Mukherjee et al., 2008 b). The small isolated populations cut off from the rest of the populations resulted in inbreeding and become genetically weak. Field studies also show that a substantive population of certain primate species live

85 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) outside the protected areas (Mukherjee and Agarwal, 2013). It is necessary to consider these populations while drawing the conservation and management programme. The diverse primate populations of the country have different conservation and management problems and need different approaches (Walker and Molur, 2001). The three common and abundant species that live in different habitats including the human habitation have often led to serious man-monkey conflicts. They have been tolerated in the past due to religious sentiments attached to these monkeys, but the tolerance has now decreased resulting in increase in man-monkey conflicts. The increased intolerance, particularly in rural and urban areas, resulted in either the elimination or driven out from the areas where the monkeys once had abundant populations. In such scenario it is possible that the common and abundant species may well become an endangered species in certain habitats in future. Such small isolated populations if and when occur need proper attention. To address the problems of conservation and management of the populations that are overabundant and act as pest is to improve the natural habitats in the entire range of their distribution by increasing the abundance of fruiting trees, water holes and shelters so that they can be translocated if needed. It is also necessary to take up fertility control measures to those populations which cause human nuisance. It is further suggested that the studies on rural and urban monkeys may be intensified so that more and more suitable management programmes can be drawn. Majority of primate species in India are rare and endangered and facing possible extinction in future if no action is taken for their conservation and management. These species are primarily forest dwellers, restricted in distribution, small group size, low group density, slow reproductive rate and are facing serious habitat loss and disturbance and at places subjected to hunting pressure. These species need total protection, restoration and improvement of habitats, strict enforcement of Wildlife Protection Act, regular monitoring of the populations and habitats, involvement of the local people and experienced field biologists in conservation, management and suitable awareness programmes. Steps should be taken to link the fragmented habitats with the nearest viable and vibrant forest habitats by means of corridors. For the data deficient species it is necessary to intensify field studies and collect information on the ecology, behaviour, present status, movements, home range patterns, food requirements, breeding, recruitment order, habitat requirements etc., so that effective conservation and management programmes can be adopted (Walker Molur, 2001). Similarly regarding the occurrence of doubtful species, it is necessary to conduct extensive field surveys of the entire Arunachal Pradesh. CONCLUSION In India the three non-human primate species are common and widely distributed, whereas majority of the species are forest dwellers and are rare and threatened. Nine species that comes under the category of rare and threatened are endemic to two hot

86 Status, conservation and management of non-human primates in India : An Overview spots region of the country. Forest dwelling species depend entirely on the forest for food and shelter. All these species have limited in distribution, small in population and are facing habitat loss. Deforestation leads to fragmentation of forests in many places which leads to fragmented distribution of primate population. The diverse primate populations in the country have different conservation and management problems and need different approaches. REFERENCES Biswas, J., Borah, D. K., Das, A., Das, J., Bhattacharjee, P. C., Mohnot, S.M. and Horwich, R. H. 2011. The enigmatic Arunachal macaque: its Biogeography, Biology and Taxonomy in North-eastern India. American J. Prim., 73: 1-16. Jairajpuri, M. S. and Mukherjee, R. P. 1990. Conservation and Biological diversity: Wild Life. National Symposium on Sustainable Management of Natural Resources. International Journal on Sustainable Development. 1: 118-122. Kumar, R. S., Mishra, C and Sinha, A. 2005. Discovery of the Tibetan macaque, Macaca thibetana, in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Curr. Sci., 88(9): 1387-1388. Mukherjee, R. P. 1996. studies on the status and ecology of golden langur, P geei Khajuria, in India. Report submitted to National Geographic Society. Mukherjee, R. P. 1999. Population trend of golden langur (Preytis geei Khajuria) in Assam and status of non-human primates of North Bengal and Mizoram, India. Report submitted to National Geographic Society. Mukherjee, R. P. Chaudhuri, S. and Murmu, A. 2008a. A note on the ratings and future of non-human primates in India. Rec. zool. surv. India. 108(4): 1-4. Mukherjee, R. P., Chaudhuri, S. and Murmu, A. 2008b. A note on Hoolock gibbon (Bunopithecus hoolock) in North East India. Rec. zool. surv. India. 108(4): 121-123. Mukherjee, R. P. and Alfred, J. R. B 2011. Non-human Primates of India. Nature Book India, New Delhi. pp. 1-126. Mukherjee, R. P. and Agarwal, V. C. 2013. Singing and Swinging ape: The Hoolock gibbon of India. Rec. zool. surv. India. 113(4): 193-212. Sinha, A., Datta, A., Madhusudan, M. D. and Mishra, C.2005, Macaca munzala, A new species from Western Arunachal Pradesh, North-eastern India. Int. J. Prim., 36:977-989. Southwick, C. H. and Siddiqi, M. F. 2001. Status, conservation and management of Primates in India. ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected areas, Non-human Primates of India. A. K. Gupta (ed) 1(1):81-91.

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Tiwari, K. K. and Mukherjee, R. P. 1992. Population census of rhesus macaque and hanuman langur in India – A status survey report. Rec. zool. surv. India. 92(1-4): 349-369. Walker, S. and Molur, S. 2001. Conservation assessment and management Plan Workshop for South Asian primates – Red listing at the regional level. ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected areas, Non-human Primates of India. A. K. Gupta (ed) 1(1): 156-168. World Conservation Union 2002: One in three Primates threatened. News letter of the species survival commission IUCN – The World Conservation Union No. 38.

88 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 89-92, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : 18 February, 2018 / Accepted : 11 March, 2018 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

PHYTORESOURCES FROM DURGAPUR FOREST RANGE, WEST BENGAL AND THEIR SUSTAINABLE USE

Tripti Bouri and Ambarish Mukherjee* Department of Botany, Khalisani Mahavidyalaya, Khalisani, Chandannagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, Pin-712138 UGC CAS, Department of Botany, Golapbag, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713104.

ABSTRACT Through extensive field work and intimate contact with tribal groups settled in Durgapur Forest Range of Burdwan district a precise account of 187 plant species was prepared as source of phytoresources in form of NTFP (Non Timber Forest Produce) along with the traditional knowledge about their uses. In the context of commercial prospect, an item-wise enumeration of NTFPs along with their uses was prepared. The species that could be recorded are as follows : 22 as source of edible fruits; 10 for minor wood works; 9 each for miscellaneous purposes including making of basket, mat, hand-fan, broom and for leaves; 8 each for flowers and tannin and Gum, 7 for extraction of oil, 6 for getting fibers, 3 for resins and 1 for floss. Scientific harvesting, storage and handling of NTFPs need to be introduced and enhanced at grass root level since these perspectives can play a potential role in imparting sustainability to the system in operation. Key words: Durgapur Forest Range, NTFPs, Scientific harvesting, Awareness, Economic benevolence INTRODUCTION Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) have an important role in the household economy of forest fringe dwellers in the dry-deciduous forests of India. People who live within forested areas can collect NTFPs for their subsistence use and at the same time are also allowed to collect some NTFPs for commercial purposes without any permission from the Forest Department. Unprocessed NTFPs are sometimes given less commercial as well as domestic importance compared to value-added products, as the price of the processed products becomes higher. Prior to National Forest Policy (NFP, 1988), NTFPs were popularly known as Minor Forest Produce

E-mail: [email protected], *[email protected]

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(MFP). The importance of Non-wood forest products to (NWFP) the forest dwellers is much greater since quite a good number of such products are primarily consumed at local level. As such stock-taking of non-wood forest products (NWFP) and their sustainable use for the economic benevolence of the indigenous people have been presently prioritized in optimizing and conserving forest ecosystems. In view of the foregoing, the present authors took up the work of documenting the age-long indigenous knowledge regarding use of plants composing the forests in different parts of Garkella-Kherobari and Gourangapur Forest areas under Shibpur Beat of Durgapur Forest Range, Burdwan District (Mukherjee and Bouri 2011), which is rich in both density and diversity of tribal populations. The present work, new of its kind for the area, adheres to the objective of assessment of the commercial prospect of NTFPs as documented from the indigenous knowledge of the forest dwelling Santhals and personal experience gained about their uses during field work. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field survey was carried out since 2009 in the areas under Durgapur Forest Range of Burdwan District in West Bengal State to collect the primary data pertaining to plant-diversity and ethnic uses of phytoresources more or less following the standard methodology used for ethnobotanical studies (Rao, 1989). During field studies the species were provisionally identified and their identification was confirmed with the help of authentic specimens and literature (Prain, 1903; Guha Bakshi, 1984; Bennet, 1987). Voucher specimens have been preserved in the Ecotaxonomy laboratory of Botany Department of Burdwan University. STUDY SITE Burdwan is one of the western districts of West Bengal lying between 22056`N and 23053`N latitudes and between 86048`E and 88025`E longitudes covering an area of 7024 sq km. The Forest areas are located between the rivers Ajoy in the north and Kunur in the south. These villages being located in the proximity of and in conformity with forests are rich in biodiversity (Bhattacharya & Mukherjee 2006). In these areas, the tribal people (Santhals) depend mainly upon the forest for their livelihood. The soil is lateritic in nature and the temperature ranges from 20.10C to 440C during summer and from 60C to 26.20C during winter. Annual rainfall is more or less 1500 mm. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Interest in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is increasing rapidly. At present there are numerous efforts to convert them (non-timber produce or raw materials) into usable products (NTFPs) and to increase awareness of these products, management of their production and exploration of commercial prospect and potential. Thus it is felt that in case of Durgapur Forest Range of Burdwan District i.e. the present study site, strategies for the sustainable management and marketing of non-timber forest products need to be worked out for conveying economic benevolence to the local people and safeguarding the existence of tree and other associated species of the concerned forests Table 1.

90 Phytoresources from Durgapur forest range, West Bengal and their sustainable use

Table 1. An item-wise enumeration of species having commercial prospect. Item of NTFP (No of Species Names of the suitable plant species with %) Fruits 22 (11.76%) Aegle marmelos, Anacardium occidentale, Aannona squamosa, Artocarpus heterophylla, Borassus flabellifer, Buchanania lanzan, Cajanus cajan, Carissa spinarum, Dillenia pentagyan, Diospyros melanoxylon, Emblica officinalis, Ficus racemosa, Limonia acidissima, Mangifera indica, Morinda citrifolia, Phoenix sylvestris, Psidium guajava, Semecarpus anacardium, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Zizyphus mauritiara and Zizyphus oenoplia. Flowers 8 (4.27%) Butea monosperma, Cassia fistula, Dillenia pentagyna, Indigofera tinctoria, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Nymphaea pubescens, Madhuca indica and Woodfordia fruticosa. Oil from seeds/ Anacardium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Madhuca indica, Melia rhizomes azadirachta, Ricinus communis, Schleichera oleosa and Vetiveria 7 (3.74%) zizanioides. Leaves 9 Artocarpus heterophylla, Bauhinia vahlii, Borassus flabellifer, Butea monosperma, Careya arborea, Dillenia pentagyna, Diospyros melanoxylon, Phoenix sylvestris and Shorea robusta. Tannin and Gum Acacia catechu, Bauhinia purpurea, Butea monosperma, Lannea 8 (4.22%) coromandelica, Mallotus phillippensis, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Symplocos racemosa and Tephrosia purpurea. Resins 3 (1.18%) Gardenia gummifera, Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis Fibres 6 (3.2%) Borassus flabellifer, Combretum roxburghii, Hibiscus cannabinus, Phoenix sylvestris, Saccharum munja and Sida rhombifolia. Floss 2 (1.0%) Bombax ceiba and Calotropis gigantea. Minor wood for Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia nilotica, Alangium salvifolium, Albizia carpentry lebbeck, Bambusa arundinacea, Bombax ceiba, Dalbergia sissoo, Gmelina 10 (5.24%) arborea, Tectona grandis and Terminalia arjuna. Miscellaneous uses Aristida adscensionis, Bambusa arundinacea, Borassus flabellifer, 9 (4.8%) Chrysopogon asciculata, Phoenix acaulis, Phoenix sylvestris, Saccharum munja, Saccharum spontaneum and Vetiveria zizanioides The NTFPs documented in this work are procured from the forest without felling of trees by local inhabitants, mainly the Santhals, and these have certain qualities for gaining entry into the commercial sphere. The medicinal plants have not been covered in the present work since documentation of their ethnic uses and commercial prospect deserve special attention and distinction. The different utilitarian perspectives recorded in the present work (Table 1) concern as many as 187 species of Angiosperms (Magnoliophytes), of which 166 species are dicotyledonous (Magnoliopsids) and 21 species monocotyledonous (Liliopsids). At specific, generic, family and class levels, dicots show higher percentages over monocots. The ratios of trees, shrubs, herbs and vines associated with the forest abodes of tribals were found to be 76, 35, 56 and 20 respectively. Some of the enlisted species (Tectona grandis, Anacardium occidentale,

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Acacia auriculiformis etc.) were introduced during revegetation programmes and the local people have developed in course of time a concept of their uses. The present authors, while working in the same forested area had brought into light importance of Morinda citrifolia which is familiar and reputed as Noni (Bouri & Mukherjee 2011). The commercial prospect of this plant is very high. There are as many as 22 other species capable of handing over fruits for sale. As many as 10 species were seen to bear woods which can be used commercially in minor carpentry works. But such a use is no way should affect the health of the concerned plant. Since Vetiveria zizanioides grows in profusion especially in the near-bank and fringe areas of the forest its rhizomes can be used in hydro-distillation of their essential oil for use in perfumeries. The fruit-flower and seed yielding plants can efficiently address the issues of future food insecurity that the mankind may encounter and ensure health with their nutritional and medicinal virtues. A sustainable use of the products enlisted in the present work collaterally with forest protection is certain to ensure conservation of the forest along with perpetual economic welfare of the indigenous people. CONCLUSIONS Optimum sustainable use of phytoresources (NTFPs) still available in the forests of Burdwan District is recommended. Use of Non Timber Forest Produce is certain to augment ecological welfare by conserving forest trees and promoting economic development of the associated tribal communities REFERENCES Bennet, S. S. R. 1987. Name Changes in Flowering Plants of India and Adjacent Regions. Triseas Publishers, Dehra Dun. Bhattacharya, A. and Mukherjee, A. 2006. A preliminary floristic survey in Garh Jangal: Durgapur, West Bengal. India Journal of Applied and Pure Biology, 21(2): 293-298. Bouri, T. and Mukherjee, A. 2011. Noni trees should be protected in Basudha Beat, Burdwan district, West Bengal. Envis News letter, BSI, 16(2): 5. Guha Bakshi, D. N. 1984. Flora of Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. Mukherjee, A. and Bouri, T. 2011. Indigenous knowledge about the use of non-timber phytoresources as documented from forest areas under Durgapur Forest Range, Burdwan District, The Ecoscan Special Issue 1: 59-62. Prain, D. 1903. Bengal Plants, Calcutta, West Bengal. Rao, R. R. 1989. Methods and techniques in ethnobotanical study and research: some basic consideration. In: Methods and Approaches in Ethnobotany (Ed. S. K. Jain), Society of Ethnobotanists, Lucknow pp. 13-23.

92 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 93-96, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : 04 January, 2018 / Accepted : 12 February, 2018 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

DIVERSITY OF NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH MANGROVE FORESTS IN INDIA

Keya Haldar* and Viswa Venkat Gantait Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipur, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal

ABSTRACT The present paper reports 57 nematode species from different mangrove areas of India. Extensive works are needed from other maritime states in India.

Key words: Nematode, diversity, mangrove, India INTRODUCTION Nematodes represent one of the most abundant groups and probably the second largest one in the animal kingdom, immediately behind the arthropods (Hugot et al., 2001; Lambert and Bekal, 2002). They have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem, including mangrove ecosystem. From Indian mangroves, Sinha and Choudhury (1987) and Sinha et al. (1989) initiated the studies on mangrove sediment associated nematodes of Indian Sundarbans. Chinnadurai and Fernando (2006) reported 7 species from Pichavaram of Tamil Nadu. Two new species were described by Prasath et al. (2017) from Sipphighat mangrove region of South Andaman. However, Sen (2017) compiled a list of 48 nematode species under 4 orders (Dorylaimida, Tylenchida, Mononchida and Enoplida) from Indian Sundarban Biosphere Reserve.

DIVERSITY OF SPECIES A diversified nematode community has been found to be associated with mangrove ecosystem throughout the world. Presently about 57 nematode species belonging to 29 families and 9 orders (viz. Dorylaimida, Tylenchida, Mononchida, Enoplida, Monohysterida, Chromadorida, Aracolaimida, Desmodorida, and Plectida) are reported from 3 different mangrove regions of India (Table 1). From mangrove sediments area of Pichavaram, Chinnadurai and Fernando (2006) reported 5 species, viz. Ptycholaimellus ponticus under the order Chromadorida, Paracomesoma dubium under Aracolaimida, Desmodora tenuispiculum and Camacolaimus barbatus under Desmodorida and Haliplectus dorsalis under the order Plectida and 2 species viz.

*E-mail: [email protected]

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Table 1. Nematode species described/reported from different mangroves of India

Sl. Sl. Order, Family and Species Order, Family and Species No. No. From Sundarban mangroves, West 20. Clavicaudoides caudatus (Jairajpuri, Bengal (Vide Sen, 2017). 1964) Ahmade Jairajpuri, 1982 DORYLAIMIDA Nygellidae Dorylaimidae 21. Nygellus sp. 1. Dorylaimus sp. TYLENCHIDA 2. Laimydorus parabastiani Tylenchidae (Paetzold, 1958) Siddiqi, 1969 22. Tylenchus sp. 3. Mesodorylaimus mesonyctius Anguinidae (Kreis, 1930) Andrassy, 1959 23. Indoditylenchus sunderbanensis Sinha, Choudhury & Baqri, 1985 Aporcelaimidae 4. Aporeclaimellus amylovorus Pratylenchidae (Thorne and Swanger, 1936) Heyns, 24. Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man, 1965 1880) Luc & goodey, 1964 5. Aporcelaimellus baqrii Hoplolaimidae Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982 25. Helicotylenchus sp. 6. A. chauhani Baqri and Khera, 1975 26. H. crenacauda Sher, 1966 7. A. coomansi Baqri and Khera, 1975 Criconematidae 27. Criconema bengalensis (Sinha, Baqri 8. A. tritici (Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, & Chowdhury, 1991) Ahmed, 1996 1986 28. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Qudsianematidae Siddiqi, 1961 9. Thonus sp. 29. H. sunderbanensis Ganguly & Khan, Longidoridae 1982 10. Paralongidorus sp. MONONCHIDA Xiphinematidae Mylonchulidae 11. Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913 30. Mylonchulus sagarensis Belondiridae Sinha, Baqri & Choudhury, 1989 12. Paraoxydirus sp. 31. M contractus Jairajpuri, 1970 Leptonchidae 32. M. dentatus Jairajpuri, 1970 13. Proleptonchus paucipapillatus 33. M. goutami Jana, Chatterje & Manna, (Meyl, 1956) Goseco et al., 1974 2010 Tyleptus projectus 14. Thorne, 1939 34. M. minor (Cobb, 1893), Cobb, 1916 15. Doryllium aestuarii Timm, 1967 35. M. sigmaturellus Mulvey, 1961 Mydonomidae 36. M. sigmaturus Cobb, 1917 16. Dorylaimoides sp. 37. M. mulveyi Jairajpuri, 1970 17. Dorylaimoides (Longidorylaimoides) parvus Thorne and swanger, 1936 38. Sporonchulus vagabundus Jairajpuri, 1971 18. Timmus sp. Anatonchidae Nygolaimidae 39. Miconchus aquaticus Khan, Ahmad 19. Nygolaimus sp. and Jairajpuri, 1978

94 Diversity of Nematodes associated with mangrove forests in India

Table 1 contd. Sl. Sl. Order, Family and Species Order, Family and Species No. No. Iotonchidae 50. Sphaerolaimus islandicus Ditlevsen, 40. Iotonchus indicus Jairajpuri, 1969 1926 41. I. parabasidontus Mulvey and Jensen, From Pichavaram, Tamil Nadu 1967 (Vide Chinnadurai and Fernando, 2006) 42. I. qaiseri Jana, Chatterjee & Manna, 2007 MONOHYSTERIDA Monhysteridae 43. I. rotundicaudatus Pefia Santiago and 51. Thalassomonhystera parva Bastian, Jimenez Guirado, 1991 1865 44. I. trichurus Cobb, 1917 Axonolaimidae ENOPLIDA 52. Pseudolella sp. Cobb, 1920 Oncholaimidae 45. Oncholaimus indicus Von Linstow CHROMADORIDA Chromadoridae Anoplostomatidae 53. Ptycholaimellus ponticus Filipjev, 1922 46. Anoplostoma macrospiculum Sinha, Choudhury & Baqri, 1987 ARACOLAIMIDA Oxystominidae Comesomatidae 47. Halalaimus sagarensis 54. Paracomesoma dubium Filipjev, 1918 Sinha, Choudhury & Baqri, 1986 DESMODORIDA 48. H. estuarii Sinha, Choudhury & Baqri, Desmodoridae 1985 55. Desmodora tenuispiculum Allgen, 1928 From Sipphighat, South Andaman Leptolaimidae (Vide Prasath et al., 2017) 56. Camacolaimus barbatus Warwick, 1970 MONOHYSTERIDA PLECTIDA Sphaerolaimidae Haliplectidae 49. Sphaerolaimus balticus Schneider, 57. Haliplectus dorsalis Cobb in Chitwood, 1906 1956 Thalassomonhystera parva and Pseudolella sp. under Monhysterida. Survey was carried out by Prasath et al. (2017) at Sipphighat of South Andaman which led to the discovery of 2 new free-living marine nematodes species viz. Sphaerolaimus balticus and Sphaerolaimus islandicus under the order Monhysterida. Besides, taxonomic studies were made by Sinha and her co-workers from mangrove environment and littoral sands (Sinha et al., 1989; Sen, 2017). Sinha and Choudhury (1987) did an ecological observation on nematodes inhabiting littoral sands of the Hugli estuary, West Bengal. Sinha et al. (1989) described a new species from littoral sands of Sundarban. Sen (2017) made a consolidated report of 48 species belonging to 4 orders i.e. Dorylaimida, Tylenchida, Mononchida and Enoplida from Sundarban Biosphere Reserve of West Bengal. Amongst them, 21 species are under the order Dorylaimida, 8 species under Tylenchida, 15 under Mononchida and 4 belonging to the order Enoplida.

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CONCLUDING REMARKS Very few works have been done on nematodes associated with mangrove ecosystem. Extensive surveys are needed to reveal a clear scenario regarding the diversity and distribution of these species from mangrove ecosystems of our country. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We extend our sincere thanks to the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata and Vice Chancellor, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24-Paganas, West Bengal for providing essential support to prepare the paper. Note : 1. The species belonging to the orders Dorylaimida, Enoplida, Monohysterida, Chromadorida, Aracolaimida, Desmodorida and Plectida are saprophytic; nematodes under Tylenchida are plant parasitic and nematodes of the order Mononchida are predatory in nature. REFERENCES Chinnadurai, G. and Fernando, O. J. 2006. New records of free-living marine nematodes from India. Rec. zool. Surv. India, l06(4): 45-54. Hugot, J. P., Baujard, P. and Morand, S. 2001. Biodiversity in helminthes and nematodes as a field of study: an overview. Nematology, 3(3): 199-208. Lambert, K. and Bekal, S. 2002. Introduction to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. The Plant Health Instructor, DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2002-1218-01. Prasath, D., Balasubramaniam, J., Marimuthu, P. and Jayaraj, K. A. 2017. New record of two free-living marine nematodespecies, Sphaerolaimus balticus and Sphaerolaimus islandicus (Nematoda: Sphaerolaimaidae) from Sipphighatmangrove region, South Andaman. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 46(06): 1105-1109. Sen, D. 2017. Soil-inhabiting nematodes of Indian Sundarban. In: Chandra, K. Alfred, J. R. B. Mitra, B. and Roy Chowdhury, B. (ed.). Fauna of Sundarban biosphere reserve. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata : 205-208. Sinha, B. and Choudhury, A. 1987. Observation on the ecology of nematodes inhabiting littoral sands of the Hugli estuary. J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 29(1&2): 124-133. Sinha, B., Baqri, Q. H. and Chowdhury. A. 1989. A new nematode species of the genus Mylonchulus (cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953 (Mylonchulidae: Mononchida) from littoral sands of Sundarbans, West Bengal. Indian Journal of Helminthology, (n.s.) 6: 5-8.

96 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 97-102, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : 12 March, 2018 / Accepted : 08 April, 2018 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

INFLUENCE OF MUSIC AND NON-MUSIC STREAM OF STUDY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF TERTIARY STUDENTS

Ankita Parui1 and Paromita Ghosh2 Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20 B Judges’ Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata-700027

ABSTRACT The study intended to find out whether experienced stress of tertiary students could be statistically predicted by their stream of study (Music / Non-Music) and extents of psychological well-being. Two samples were randomly chosen, from age class 18 and 25 years, one sample comprised of 145 (103 undergraduate; 42 post-graduate) students of music and another sample of 87 (59 undergraduate; 28 post-graduate) students who never studied music. Results showed that stress experienced by tertiary students could be significantly predicted (F= 11.62; Sig 0.000) by their stream of study (Music / Non-Music) and extents of psychological well-being. Participating students of disciplines other than Music tended to experience less stress; those with more environmental mastery displayed higher stress. Institutions must arrange counselling sessions for tertiary students of Music and guide all tertiary students towards developing relaxed attitude regarding their milieus for stress-reduction. Key words: Stream of study, Psychological well-being, Stress, Tertiary students INTRODUCTION Investigations have revealed that the youth pursuing tertiary education are predominantly susceptible to stress (Lazarus, 1991; Schieman et al., 2001). Major stressors of tertiary students are acute academic, psychosocial and financial pressures. Unpredictability about the future and interpersonal problems largely contribute towards psychosocial pressures. Due to these problems, sense of psychological well- being of tertiary level students deteriorates (Lazarus, 1991; Schieman et al., 2001). Medical and psychological interventions have been used for quite some time as remedies for stress and to enhance psychological well-being. Now a days the role of music in tackling mental health problems is gaining ground. Music as therapy generally involves listening to it or receiving training in it. Training in music is

Email: [email protected], [email protected].

97 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) the dynamic and comprehensive alternative which includes both listening to and learning to produce music. Training in music could differ in difficulty-level. Tertiary (undergraduate and post-graduate) level training in music appears to be quite rigorous. So whether tertiary students of music experience lower stress and have the benefit of more psychological well-being than their counterparts in other disciplines needs to be assessed. Such investigations could help decisively conclude whether training in music is effectual in decreasing stress and improving psychological well- being of tertiary students. Sugiura et al. (2005) found that there was an inverse association between psychological general well-being and dental environment stress among a sample of dentistry students in Japan. Chen et al. (2009) reported that sense of psychological well-being was negatively related with college-stress for a sample of 342 students in six universities in China. Demirbatir et al. (2013) reported that life satisfaction of a sample of 69 undergraduate music education students were intimately related with their economic status. Anushri et al. (2014) studied a sample of 800 dentistry students in Bengaluru (India). Bernhard (2015) studied 320 undergraduates form a liberal arts university in the United States and found that students majoring in music displayed higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than non-music majors. Ludban and Gitimu (2015) worked with a sample of 131 college students to conclude that students’ gender, age, nature of support received and financial status were factors influencing their psychological well-being. Gautam et al. (2015) drew a sample of 60 apparently healthy medical students in New Delhi (India) considering anxiety and Serum Cortisol levels as parameters. Freire et al. (2016) worked with a sample of 1072 university students. Roslan et al. (2017) selected a sample of 192 Master of Education students in Malaysia. Parui and Ghosh (2017) studied samples of music and non-music students in Kolkata (India). In view of the equivocality or lack of clarity regarding the role of educational stream and extent of psychological well-being in influencing stress experienced by tertiary students, the present study aimed to find out whether experienced stress of tertiary students could be statistically predicted by their stream of study (Music / Non-Music) and extents of psychological well-being. It was hoped that findings of the study would help to resolve the controversies. Based on current study, the following perception has been drawn : Experienced stress of tertiary students can be predicted by their stream of study (Music / Non-Music) and extents of psychological well-being. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants were residents of Kolkata. Tools administered for data collection included a General Information Schedule and three standardized tests viz. Psychological (Well-Being) Scales (Ryff. 1989), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Socio Economic (Lovibond and Lovibond 1995), and Socio-Economic Status Index (Verma et al., 2008), Descriptive statistics were computed through Multiple Regression Analysis. 98 Do stream of study (music/non-music) and facets of psychological well-being influence.....

Two samples were randomly selected. Consent of Departmental Heads and Principals were obtained before beginning data collection. Venues of data collection were undergraduate and post-graduate departments. Data were collected personally by meeting the students in groups of about 25 individuals each and administering the tools. Before scoring the standardized tests, random samples were selected by draw of lots. Then the Socio-Economic Status Index was scored. Only the students who belonged to the middle socio-economic status retained and comprised the final samples. Afterwards, the information elicited by administering the General Information Schedule were tabulated. Then tools assessing psychological well-being and stress were scored. Computerized statistical analysis was carried out. Descriptive statistics were computed through Multiple Regression Analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Psychological well-being and stress scores differed by gender, subject and year of study of the participants. Of the two randomly selected samples, one sample comprised 145 (103 undergraduate; 42 post-graduate) students of music, selected from Hindustani Vocal Music, Rabindra Sangeet and Instrumental Music Departments of Rabindra Bharati University. Another sample Table 1. Descriptive statistics consisted of 87 (59 undergraduate; Variables Music Non-Music 28 post-graduate) students who (N=145) (N=87) have never studied music formally Stress M=23.79 M=14.87 or informally. They were selected SD=7.82 SD=9.17 from several Arts, Commerce and Autonomy M=30.52 M=27.05 Science undergraduate and post- SD=5.18 SD=6.71 graduate departments of two colleges Environmental M=27.04 M=26.71 affiliated with the University of Mastery SD=5.14 SD=5.52 Calcutta. Genders were almost Personal Growth M=32.01 M=30.53 equally represented in the samples. SD=5.14 SD=6.54 Participants were aged between Positive Relations M=29.87 M=30.84 18 and 25 years. They belonged to SD=6.31 SD=6.72 middle socio-economic status families Purpose in Life M=30.99 M=29.75 as assessed by the standardized tool SD=5.53 SD=7.22 Socio-Economic Status Index (Verma Self Acceptance M=30.38 M=29.86 et al., 2008). They were inhabitants SD=5.56 SD=6.60 of Kolkata (vide Table 1 and 2). M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation Mean values (Table 1) show that participating tertiary students of Music, on average, experience much more stress than those of other disciplines; Music students seem to be slightly more autonomous (self determining) than those of other disciplines. In case of the other variables, the differences in mean values between the two samples are not noteworthy. The standard deviation values are moderate suggesting reasonable dispersion of scores. The sample sizes are disparate. 99 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Unstandardized regression coefficient or B and associated Sig. value (Table 2) reveal that, among the predictors, the stream of study (Music / Non-Music) of the sampled tertiary students has most powerful contribution (B=-9.25; Sig. 0.000) towards their experienced stress Results of Regression – Dependent Table 2. scores. Sign on the B value and Variable: Experienced Stress the codes with respect to stream Standard Predictors B Sig. indicate that the sampled students Error of disciplines other than Music Stream of Study -9.25 1.17 0.000 experience less stress than those Autonomy -0.22 0.10 0.032 of Music. The result is in line with Environmental 0.34 0.11 0.003 findings of Sternbach (2008), Orzel Mastery (2010), Bernhard (2015) and Parui Personal Growth 0.04 0.11 0.681 and Ghosh (2017). Music students Positive Relations 0.25 0.10 0.013 Purpose in Life 0.002 0.10 0.980 seem to suffer from higher stress Self Acceptance 0.05 0.10 0.632 levels as they have to balance academics with intense practice, Note: B: Unstandardized regression coefficient; heavy emotional investment, fear Sig: Significance; Intercept: 34.94; Standard of injury and performance anxiety Error = ± 4.85; Sig. 0.000; R = 0.52 (p<0.01); (Sternbach, 2008; Orzel, 2010; R2 = 0.27; Standard Error = ± 8.17; F =11.62; Degrees of freedom (df) = 7,224; Sig=0.000 Bernhard, 2015; and Parui and Ghosh, 2017). Next in importance among the predictors is extent of environmental mastery (B=0.34; Sig. 0.003) of the participants. This finding somewhat agrees with those of Sugiura et al. (2005), Chen et al. (2009), Anushri et al. (2014) and Freire et al. (2016). Sign on the B value reveal that participating students who are more in control of their milieu seem more stressed. It seems that efforts to exert control and stand out in their environments make tertiary students extremely aroused and tense. It appears reasonable to believe that only an optimum level of environmental mastery reduces stress (Lazarus, 1991; Schieman et al., 2001; Pelletier, 2004; Wristen (2013), Demirbatir (2015), Alex (2016), Parui and Ghosh, 2017). Standard errors of estimate associated with B values indicate that the regression is more or less precise. Intercept is the point on the Y-axis where it is intersected by the regression line. In the present case, the value of the intercept is 34.94 showing that elevation of the regression line is moderate with Sig. value of 0.000. The standard error of estimate associated with the intercept is 4.85 indicating that the regression with respect to the intercept is moderately precise. The coefficient of multiple correlation (R) is 0.52 which is significant at 0.01 level. It indicates that experienced stress of sampled tertiary students is strongly and significantly related with the predictors i.e. their stream of study (music / non-music) and facets of psychological well-being. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) is 0.27 which means that 27% of the variance in sampled tertiary students scores on experienced stress can be accounted for by the predictors i.e. their stream of study (music / non-music) and facets of psychological well-being. The standard error of estimate associated with the R2 value is 8.17 indicating that 100 Do stream of study (music/non-music) and facets of psychological well-being influence..... prediction is modestly precise. The F value is 11.62 with the Sig. value of 0.000. It indicates that experienced stress of the sampled tertiary students can be significantly predicted by their stream of study (Music / Non-Music) and facets of psychological well-being i.e. autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life and self acceptance. Thus, the research interpretation [experienced stress of tertiary students can be predicted by their stream of study (Music / Non- Music) and extents of psychological well-being ] is well supported by data. This finding coincides with those of previous researchers e.g. Sternbach (2008), Orzel (2010), Thoma et al. (2013), Rastogi and Silver (2014), Bernhard (2015) and Parui and Ghosh (2017). CONCLUDING REMARKS Results showed that stress experienced by tertiary students could be significantly predicted (F = 11.62; Sig. 0.000) by their stream of study (Music / Non-Music) and extents of psychological well-being. Participating students of disciplines other than Music tended to experience less stress; those with more mastery over their environment were higher in stress. Institutions must arrange counseling sessions tailored for tertiary students of Music and guide all tertiary students irrespective of specialization towards developing calm attitude regarding their milieus for stress- reduction. REFERENCES Alex, R. A. 2016. Impact of music intervention on the psychological distress of college students: An analytical study. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(4): 134-135. Anushri, M., Yashoda, R. and Puranik, M.P. 2014. Relationship between psychological well-being and perceptions of stress among undergraduate dental students in Bengaluru city: A cross-sectional study. J. Indian Assoc. Public Health Dent., 12(4): 283-292. Bernhard II, H. C. 2015. A comparison of burnout between undergraduate music and non-music majors. Retrieved on 4.9.16 from http://users.rider.edu/~verme/ v9n1/vision/Bernhard%20Final.pdf. Chen, H., Wong, Y. C., Ran, M. S. and Gilson, C. 2009. Stress among Shanghai university students: The need for social work support. J. Soc. Work, 9(3): 323-344. Demirbatir, E., Helvaci, A., Yilmaz, N., Gul, G., Senol, A. and Bilgel, N. 2013. The psychological well-being, happiness and life satisfaction of music students. Psychology, 4(11A): 16-24. Demirbatir, R. E. 2015. Relationships between psychological well-being, happiness, and educational satisfaction in a group of university music students. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(15): 2198-2206. Freire, C., Ferradás, M. D. M., Valle, A., Núñez, J. C. and Vellejo, G. 2016. Profiles of psychological well-being and coping strategies among university students. Front. Psychol., 7: 1554.

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Gautam, S. K., Goswami, B., Jain, A., Mondol, S. and Gandhi, A. 2015. Effect of music on the stress and anxiety scores of students attending medical college. Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(45): 33-36. Lazarus, R. S. 1991. Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 1-560. Lovibond, S. H. and Lovibond, P. F. 1995. Manual for the depression, anxiety and stress scales 2nd Ed. Psychology Foundation, Sydney, pp. 1-4. Ludban, M. and Gitimu, P. N. 2015. Psychological well-being of college students. Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences, 14. Retrieved on 22.1.18 from https://www.kon.org/urc/urc_research_journal14.html. Orzel, H. J. 2010. Undergraduate music student stress and burnout. Masters Thesis, San José State University. Parui, A. and Ghosh, P. 2017. Does tertiary education in music promote psychological well-being and curb negative emotions? International Journal of Home Science, 3(3): 37-41. Pelletier, C. L. 2004. The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: A meta-analysis. J. Music Ther., 41(3): 192-214. Rastogi, R. and Silver, E. 2014. Association of music with stress, test anxiety, and test grades among high school students. Journal of Young Investigators: The Undergraduate Research Journal. Retrieved on 10.7.16 from http://www.jyi. org/issue/association-of-music-with-stress-test-anxiety-and-test-grades-among- high-school-students/. Roslan, S., Ahmad, N., Nabilla, N. and Ghiami, Z. 2017. Psychological well-being among postgraduate students. Acta. Med. Bulg., 44(1): 35-41. Ryff, C. D. 1989. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 57(6): 1069-1081. Schieman, S., Gundy, V. and Taylor, K. 2001. Status, role, and resource explanations for age patterns in psychological distress. J. Health Soc. Behav., 42(1): 80-96. Sternbach, D. J. 2008. Stress in the lives of music students. Music Educ. J., 94(3): 42-48. Sugiura, G., Shinada, K. and Kawaguchi, Y. 2005. Psychological well-being and perceptions of stress amongst Japanese dental students. Eur. J. Dent. Educ., 9(1): 17-25. Thoma, M. V., LaMarca, R., Brönnimann, R., Finkel, L., Ehlert, U. and Nater, U. M. 2013. The effect of music on the human stress response. PLoS One, 8(8). Retrieved on 10.7.16 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3734071/. Verma, R. P., Saxena, P. C. and Mishra, U. 2008. Manual for socio-economic status index. National Psychological Corporation, Agra, pp. 1-11. Wristen, B. G. 2013. Depression and anxiety in university music students. Applications of Research in Music Education, 31(2): 20-27. 102 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 103-104, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : 24 November, 2017 / Accepted : 18 December, 2017 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

Short Communication

ON THE STATE OF HONEY PRODUCTION IN THE INDIAN SUNDARBAN MANGROVE FORESTS : A SAMPLE SURVEY

Honey Productions of Indian Sundarban as per figures received from Forest Department, Govt. of West Bengal were 34.48 M.T., 29.57 M. T., 65.61 M. T. and 59.93 M. T. in the years 2012-13, 2013-14, 214-15 and 2015-16 respectively. The plight of honey collectors are many fold (Kothari, 2015; Pramanik, in press). Honey collectors of this region often resort to harvesting of honey during the months of April to July, though official permits are issued usually for the months of April and May. They are found to collect more honey hiding some portion of their collection for sale to the private parties as the market price is almost double compared to the govt. price (Table 1). They are also found to venture out stealthily because fishing is strictly prohibited for three months, from April to June (90 days). Mention is made that the number of honey collectors Collection and sell of honey to Forest and the quantity of honey to be Table 1. Department, Govt. of West Bengal harvested per head is restricted by the Forest Department, Sampled villages Honey Amount sold Government of West Bengal. This (No. of collection to Forest restriction relates to the quantity harvesters) (in Quintals) Department. of honey to be purchased by the (in Quintals) West Bengal Forest Development Jharkhali (2) 30 14 Corporation. The Department of Nehru Palli (1) 9 8 Forests, Govt. of West Bengal Bidhan Palli (1) 15 10 for this purpose issues Boat Chargheri (1) 8 2 License Certificates (BLC) and Rajat Jubili (1) 9 3 Forest Permits (FP) to the honey Lahiripur (1) 4 2 harvesters of Sundarban on Samsernagar (3) 23.5 13.5 condition that they have to sell Emilibari west (2) 27 18 their entire collection of honey to Total = 12 harvesters 125.5 71.5 the Forest Department at a price Note : Data collection by SKP :In the year 2015 and 2016 fixed and decided jointly by the Forest Department and Forest Development Corporation. The production of wild honey stated above does not represent the actual picture. Simply because a good number of honey collectors, who are solely dependent

103 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) on non-timber forest produce, remain unaccounted by the Forest Department. There are two categories of such persons. The crab catchers and fish fishers (Nandi and Pramanik, 1994), who go out for fishing, also secretly collect honey for extra income. The daily harvesters constitute the second category, living in the mangrove forest fringe areas. People belonging to these categories are found in many villages belonging to Gosaba, Basanti, Kultali, Sandeshkhali, Hingalgunj and Hasnabad Development Blocks of South and North 24 Parganas Districts, West Bengal. Harvesting of wild honey from Sundarban forests is not open access. Restrictions are strictly imposed in the core area (critical tiger habitat) of 1699.62 sq. km, out of 4264 sq.km of Sundarban forest. Honey collectors need to have BLCs for their boats as well FPs for themselves for entering into the forested Sundarban parts in the buffer areas. Beside these, Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) researchers told TOI that Apis mellifera, the box bees of Sunderbans was found to be harmful in the forest fringe areas, for curtailing other bee species and hindering the pollination and growth of mangrove forests (TOI and-TNN, Newspaer; Sharma, 2015). Nandi and Pramanik (2018) reported this issue which is also convinced by the Convener, Bee Keepers Association. However, the present sample survey suggests that collection and/ or production of wild honey from Sundarban mangrove forest need to be brought under intensive investigation and in-depth evaluation, assessing occurrence and density distribution of wild bees (Apis dorsata), production potential of Sundarban mangrove forest, global crisis and conflicts in pollinator insects, requirements of pure and pesticide- free honey at the national level and also livelihood support to honey harvesters at the local/ regional level using SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) analysis approaches. REFERENCES Kothari, N. 2015. The Plight of the Honey Collectors in Sundarban: Challenges, Uncertainties Strategies and Survivals. Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 2, Ver. II (Feb. 2015), PP 56-59 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Nandi, N. C. and Pramanik, S. K. 1994. Crabs and Crab Fisheries of Sundarban. Hindusthan Publishing Corporation (India), Delhi-110 007, pp. 1-192. Nandi, N. C. and Pramanik, S. K. 2018. Conservation concerns on honey bees in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal. Proceedings Natl. Sem. on Biodiversity Conservation Scenatio in 21st Century, WBGSTA, Kolkata, p. 104. (Abstract No. 53). Pramanik, S. K. (In press). Sundarbaner Mouleder Katha. Gangchil, Kolkata. Sharma, S. 2015. Buzz over Sunderbans bee study. TNN, July 25, 2015 S. K. Pramanik and N. C. Nandi Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata; Email : [email protected] and [email protected]

104 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1) : 105-106, 2018 Print : ISSN : 0973-0834 Received : 24 November, 2017 / Accepted : 18 December, 2017 / Uploaded Online : June, 2018

Short Communication

BEFRIENDLY BEHAVIOUR OF RUFOUS TREEPIE AT RANTHAMBORE TIGER RESERVE, RAJASTHAN

During field excursion to Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan with thirty students of KBBN College, we came across, in the morning safari, an amazing flock of Rufous Treepies, Dendrocitta vagabunda (Latham, 1790), competing for space on the heads and hands of visitors to eat biscuits crumbs at the entry gate of RTR (Figs 1-2). We were surprised by watching such a befriendly behaviour of this wild bird species whom we see in West Bengal always fly away from human beings. On inquiry from staffs and visitors it was revealed that this has become a familiar sight to them, though other birds like, Red Vented Bulbul, Lapwing, Robin, Yellow Footed Green Pigeon and Jungle babbler at the same spot keep a safe distance.

Fig. 1. Rufous Treepies on Head Fig. 2. The visitor friendly Rufous Treepies Normally birds perceive human as a form of threat or disturbances which trigger or change their behaviour. In most cases, birds’ physiological responses vary according to the activities of human (Casas et al. 2009, Clucas and Marzluff, 2011). Negative effects of human like, hunting, disturbing during nesting period, abolishing their habitat for agriculture or urbanization and even for recreation, change bird’s behaviour towards human. Prateek (2012), David (2016) and Misra (2018) have reported such events at Ranthambore National Park as a weird incident. Birds of Corvidae family viz.

105 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

Crow, Ravens, Treepie, Jay etc. are mostly adaptable and not at all shy like birds of other families. Rufous Treepie, ‘Haandichacha’ in Bengali, is a resident Indian bird of crow family, It has been noticed that the flush distance of resident birds like Red Wattled Lapwing, Water hen, Treepie, etc., are much narrower in the north- western States like Gujarat to western Bihar than the States of eastern India where human disturbances towards birds are much higher. It seems befriendly behaviour of Rufous Treepie in RTR becomes a usual habit to them due to prevailing safety and security along with tolerance and loving behaviour of the visitors by offering food for joy. That the resident birds in north-west India have become habituated to the non-violent protective behaviour of the Hindu and Jain people towards birds (Burger and Gochfeld, 1991) might offer an added instinct to Treepie of RTR. REFERENCES Casas, F., Mougeot, F., Viñuela, J., Bretagnolle, V. 2009. Effects of hunting on the behaviour and spatial distribution of farmland birds: importance of hunting- free refuges in agricultural areas. Anim Conserv., 12: 346-354. Clucas, B. and Marzluff, J. M. 2011. Attitudes and actions toward birds in urban areas: human cultural differences influence bird behaviour. The Auk. 129 (1): 1-9. Burger, J. and Gochfeld, M. 1991. Human distance and birds: tolerance and response distances of resident and migrant species in India. Environmental Conservation. 18 (2): 158-165. David. 2016. Rufous Treepie – tiger bird. incidentalnaturalist.com. Misra, D. D. 2018. Ranthambore tigers et al. Srishti. Pp. 35-43. Prateek. 2012. When I clicked Rufous Treepie at Ranthambore national park. indianwildlifetreasures.blogspot.com.

Mousumi Roy KBBN College, Kolkata, Email : [email protected]

106 On the state of honey production in the Indian Sundarban mangrove forests.....

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIOBIOLOGY Vol. 13 (No. 2) 2016 137-243 CONTENTS (Sericulture and Socioeconomic Impact) Intregated management and forecasting of insect pests of mulberry (Morus Alba L.) for Eastern and Northeastern regions of India — Swapan Kumar Mukhopadhyay and Kanika Trivedy ..... 137-145 Integrated management of diseases and pests of silkworm— Sunil Kumar Gupta, Swapan Kumar Mukhopadhay, Himanish Bhattacharyya ..... 147-155 and Biplob Kumar Modak Biology and feeding efficacy of Brumoides suturalis (Fabricius) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), a native predator of whitefly, Aleuroclava pentatuberculata (Sundarraj and David), a mulberry pest: In search of an effective biocontrol agent for sericulture in West Bengal— Santi Ranjan Dey ..... 157-162 From tolerance to disease resistance in mulberry: Need for efficient phenomic and molecular selection tools—Gaurab Gangopadhyay ..... 163-168 Present status of fungal diseases, crop loss and crop protection of mulberry plants—Swapan Kr. Ghosh, Subhankar Banerjee, Sujoy Pal and Pradip Kr. Sur ..... 169-180 Management of ‘Tukra’ caused by Maconellicococcus hirsutus with neonicotinoids in mulberry, Morus alba—Swapan K. Mukhopadhyay and Kanika Trivedy ..... 181-185 Incidence of silkworm diseases in Baishakhi (April) crop of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India—Himanish Bhattacharyya, Mahasankar Majumder, Kunal Sarkar, Biplob Kumar Modak ..... 187-190 Prevention and control of root-knot disease of mulberry plants using bioagents Amaranth plants: Improving sericulture by protecting climate health, health and development—Subhas Chandra Datta and Rupa Datta ..... 191-200 Sericulture, sustainable environment and income generation—Mrittika Sengupta ..... 201-206 Seri – bioinformatics: To enhance silken touch—Santi Ranjan Dey Pankaj K Singh, Sayak Ganguli and Mitu De ..... 207-216 Isolation of mesophyll protoplast from Indian mulberry (Morus alba L.) Cv. S1635—Pijush Mallick, Sayantan Ghosh, Shruti Chattaraj and Samir Ranjan Sikdar ..... 217-222 Comparative study on income generation through horticulture crops like mango and litchi with sericulture at farmers’ level in Murshidabad district, West Bengal—Mahasankar Majumdar, Kunal Sarkar* and Sanat Kumar Ray ..... 223-231 A note on soil and plant parasitic nematodes associated with mulberry plants in India—Paromita Roy, Suresh Mandal, Soumendranath Chatterjee and Viswa Venkat Gantait ..... 233-243 107 J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : 15(1)

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108 GUIDELINES TO CONTRIBUTORS Journal of Environment & Sociobiology (J. Environ. & Sociobiol. : ISSN 0973-0834; UGC approved; webite : http://seba2004.tripod.com): This is a biannual journal (June and December) which is published in June and December by Social Environmental and Biological Association (SEBA) with the mission of encouragement and dissemination of scientific knowledge on social, environmental and biological disciplines to people of all walks of life and among all strata of the society in India and abroad. It includes three main streams such as social, environmental and biological sciences, both full papers and short communications, as well as reports and reviews, news and notes, seminar proceedings and thesis abstracts, standards and patents, individual experiences and institutional/ laboratory reports, etc., useful for education and awareness of the community at large. HOW TO PREPARE MANUSCRIPT For original research results manuscript should be prepared in the style as follows : Title (in capital), Author’s name and address, Abstract (within 200 words), Key words (in italic fonts), INTRODUCTION, MATERIAL AND METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (if any) and REFERENCES (alphabetically). For review papers and other documents authors are free to follow their own format keeping in view of the usual style of text and reference citation of the journal. References citation Nandi, N. C. and Bennett, G. F. 1997. The prevalence, distribution and checklist of avian haematozoa in the Indian subcontinent. Rec. zool. Surv. India, 96(1-4) : 83-150. Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, pp. 1-323. Submission of articles Manuscripts with original figures and plates in duplicate (Hard copy) pdf in MS Words (Times New Roman, Text in Font 12, Title in Font 14) should preferably be submitted/communicated to Chief Editor, Dr. T. K. Pal, 49-C, Gobindapur Road, Kolkata-35 (Email: [email protected]) and Soft copy to Executive Editor (Dr. D. Datta, Email: [email protected]) and (Dr. M. K. Dev Roy, SEBA, Email: malay_7@ rediffmail.com) ★ Dr. A. Dey, 33C Madhab Halder Road, Kolkata 700 034, Behala ★ Secretary : Dr. V. V. Gantait, C/o. Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata 700 053. It is to be noted that authors of the article should be the members of the Journal / SEBA. Subscription (with effect from 2017) Annual subscription for Individual without journal Rs. 300/- US $ 100 Life Membership for Individual without journal Rs. 2000/- US $ 600 Annual subscription for Institution : Print- Rs. 1200/- US $ 300 Online Rs. 600+S.T. US $ 150+S.T. Print & Online Rs. 1800+S.T. US $ 400+S.T. Note : 1. All remittance may be made directly to Allahabad Bank Code No. 700010049; IFSC Code No. Alla 0210841; A/c No. 20509602759 or by Demand Draft in favour of Social Environmental and Biological Association payable at Kolkata or in cash. 2. It is compulsory for contributors to receive a copy of the journal on payment. The PDF of the article will be provided free of cost or as decided by the organization from time to time. 3. The contributors must bear the cost of processing / printing figures / photoplate, reprint, etc. 4. The editors reserve the right for publication (Print & online) of articles. 5. Please contact Information Publishing Limited, 194, R. V. Road, Basavangudi, Bangalore-560 004 (Mr. S. Sathya Prakash, Subscription Manager email : [email protected], phone : 91-80-4038-7777, extn. 1004) for online procurement. Editor : All articles submitted to this Journal will be peer reviewed and the opinion of the editor / editorial board / referee will be considered as final for publication of the article. However, the opinions expressed by the authors are their own and the editors do not own any responsibility on this account. Publication of article in the journal automatically transfers the copyrights from author to journal. Paper published / offered / accepted for publication elsewhere, should not be submitted. Manuscript of article will not be returned. In case of dispute(s) regarding print publication in the journal, the matter will be decided in the jurisdiction of Kolkata. 2