Confirmation of Hybrid Origin of Cyrtanthus Based on the Sequence
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Complete Chloroplast Genomes Shed Light on Phylogenetic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Complete chloroplast genomes shed light on phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and biogeography of Allioideae (Amaryllidaceae) Ju Namgung1,4, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,4, Changkyun Kim1, Hyeok Jae Choi3 & Joo‑Hwan Kim1* Allioideae includes economically important bulb crops such as garlic, onion, leeks, and some ornamental plants in Amaryllidaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of 17 species of Allioideae, fve of Amaryllidoideae, and one of Agapanthoideae. These cpDNA sequences represent 80 protein‑coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, and range from 151,808 to 159,998 bp in length. Loss and pseudogenization of multiple genes (i.e., rps2, infA, and rpl22) appear to have occurred multiple times during the evolution of Alloideae. Additionally, eight mutation hotspots, including rps15-ycf1, rps16-trnQ-UUG, petG-trnW-CCA , psbA upstream, rpl32- trnL-UAG , ycf1, rpl22, matK, and ndhF, were identifed in the studied Allium species. Additionally, we present the frst phylogenomic analysis among the four tribes of Allioideae based on 74 cpDNA coding regions of 21 species of Allioideae, fve species of Amaryllidoideae, one species of Agapanthoideae, and fve species representing selected members of Asparagales. Our molecular phylogenomic results strongly support the monophyly of Allioideae, which is sister to Amaryllioideae. Within Allioideae, Tulbaghieae was sister to Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae whereas Allieae was sister to the clade of Tulbaghieae‑ Gilliesieae‑Leucocoryneae. Molecular dating analyses revealed the crown age of Allioideae in the Eocene (40.1 mya) followed by diferentiation of Allieae in the early Miocene (21.3 mya). The split of Gilliesieae from Leucocoryneae was estimated at 16.5 mya. -
Narcissus Pests
Bulletin 51 HMSO 13s Od [65p] net Narcissus Pests Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD Narcissus Pests Bulletin 51 LONDON HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE 197o First published June 1932 Sixth edition 197o The Ministry does not accept responsibility for any of the private or trade advertisements included in this publication. SBN 11 240351 4 Foreword THE growers of Narcissus have been very fortunate in that the pests of this valuable crop have received specialist attention for nearly forty years. Names like W. E. H. Hodson and L. N. Staniland, both past authors of this Bulletin, rank high in the list of pioneer researchers on bulb pests in this country. They have been followed with no less enthusiasm by the con- tributors to this sixth edition which brings up-to-date our knowledge of the important pests of the crop and tested and practical methods of control. Although the present Bulletin mainly follows the pattern laid down by Mr. Hodson in 1932 many sections have been extensively rewritten. Mr. H. C. Woodville has dealt with narcissus flies as he did in 1958, and Mr. H. G. Morgan with detection of pests in the field, stem and other eelworms and their control. Mr. A. L. Winfield covered bulb scale mite and the general problem of hot-water treatment of bulbs, and chemical dips to control stem eelworm, and also contributed the notes on miscellaneous pests. Mr. P. Aitkenhead dealt with bulb mites. Mr. J. F. Southey provided the section dealing with eelworms as vectors of virus diseases of the crop. -
(Tribe Haemantheae) Inferred from Plastid and Nuclear Non-Coding DNA Sequences
Plant Syst. Evol. 244: 141–155 (2004) DOI 10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences A. W. Meerow1, 2 and J. R. Clayton1 1 USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, Miami, Florida, USA 2 Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, USA Received October 22, 2002; accepted September 3, 2003 Published online: February 12, 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract. Using sequences from the plastid trnL-F Key words: Amaryllidaceae, Haemantheae, geo- region and nrDNA ITS, we investigated the phy- phytes, South Africa, monocotyledons, DNA, logeny of the fleshy-fruited African tribe Haeman- phylogenetics, systematics. theae of the Amaryllidaceae across 19 species representing all genera of the tribe. ITS and a Baccate fruits have evolved only once in the combined matrix produce the most resolute and Amaryllidaceae (Meerow et al. 1999), and well-supported tree with parsimony analysis. Two solely in Africa, but the genera possessing main clades are resolved, one comprising the them have not always been recognized as a monophyletic rhizomatous genera Clivia and Cryp- monophyletic group. Haemanthus L. and tostephanus, and a larger clade that unites Haemanthus and Scadoxus as sister genera to an Gethyllis L. were the first two genera of the Apodolirion/Gethyllis subclade. One of four group to be described (Linneaus 1753). Her- included Gethyllis species, G. lanuginosa, resolves bert (1837) placed Haemanthus (including as sister to Apodolirion with ITS. Relationships Scadoxus Raf.) and Clivia Lindl. in the tribe among the Clivia species are not in agreement with Amaryllidiformes, while Gethyllis was classi- a previous published phylogeny. -
Hippeastrum Reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae): Alkaloid Profiling, Biological Activities and Molecular Docking
molecules Article Hippeastrum reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae): Alkaloid Profiling, Biological Activities and Molecular Docking Luciana R. Tallini 1 ID , Edison H. Osorio 2, Vanessa Dias dos Santos 3, Warley de Souza Borges 3, Marcel Kaiser 4,5, Francesc Viladomat 1, José Angelo S. Zuanazzi 6 ID and Jaume Bastida 1,* 1 Group of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028-Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (L.R.T.); [email protected] (F.V.) 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University Luis Amigó, SISCO, Transversal 51 A No. 67B-90, Medellín, Colombia; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-915 Vitória ES, Brazil; [email protected] (V.D.d.S.); [email protected] (W.d.S.B.) 4 Medicinal Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; [email protected] 5 University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland 6 Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-934-020-268 Received: 24 October 2017; Accepted: 7 December 2017; Published: 9 December 2017 Abstract: The Amaryllidaceae family has proven to be a rich source of active compounds, which are characterized by unique skeleton arrangements and a broad spectrum of biological activities. The aim of this work was to perform the first detailed study of the alkaloid constituents of Hippeastrum reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae) and to determine the anti-parasitological and cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities of the epimers (6α-hydroxymaritidine and 6β-hydroxymaritidine). -
Newsletter No. 4 Autumn 2005
The Southern African Bulb Group Newsletter No. 4 Autumn 2005 The Southern African Bulb Group was initiated by a group of enthusiasts on April 4th 2004. The objective of the group is to further the understanding of the cultivation of Southern African bulbs, where `bulbs' is used in the broad sense to encompass bulb-, corm- and tuber- possessing Southern African plants, including `dicots' such as Oxalis. In the first instance the group will be run on an informal basis, with an initial subscription of £5 invited from participants. Committee: Robin Attrill (Membership secretary and Newsletter editor), Margaret Corina (Treasurer), Stefan Rau and Terry Smale Editorial This issue of the newsletter contains a report of the meeting of the group held at Rupert Bowlby's Nursery on April 9th 2005, an article on Crinum moorei by David Corina, information on recent literature of interest to growers of Southern African bulbs, and an updated list of suppliers of seed and bulbs/corms of Southern African geophytes. In addition a balance sheet covering the first year of operation of the group is attached. With respect to the supplier list, please let me know if you are aware of other sources which should be included. As I have previously stated the group welcomes articles, and suggestions, for inclusion in future newsletters. Contributions (hand/typewritten and electronic are acceptable!) are urgently required and should be sent to the newsletter editor at 17 Waterhouse Moor, Harlow, Essex, CM18 6BA (Email [email protected] ) Publication of the next issue is scheduled for December 2005. Report on visit to Rupert Bowlby - Saturday 9 th April 2005 by David Corina About 20 members attended the event, and the Group would like to thank Rupert for his hospitality at the event and for opening his collection to the public gaze. -
Smoke-Induced Flowering in the Fire-Lily Cyrtanthus Ventricosus
638 S.Afr.J.Bot., 1993,59(6) Short Communications / Kort Mededelings qualitative switch from dormancy to flowering, they have shown that these gases can speed up the timing of flowering and final percentage of flowering (e.g., Imanishi 1983; Imanishi & Fortanier 1982/83). Smoke-induced flowering in the fire-lily Experiments were set up to test the hypothesis that smoke Cyrtanthus ventricosus and ethylene are the cues that induce Cyrtanthus ventricosus to switch from dormancy to flowering. Jon E. Keeley In late spring (November) 1990, approximately 10 bulbs of this species were collected from flowering plants on a Department of Biology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus very recently burned site north-west of Caledon in the Cape Road, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA Province of South Africa. They were planted in a sandy Received 7 May 1993; revised 5 August 1993 loam planting bed in full sunlight in Los Angeles (USA) and were maintained for a little over 2 years, during which time Flowering of certain fynbos geophytes has long been noted they remained in a vegetative state, producing a couple of to have an obligate dependence upon fire. One of these spe leaves each spring (February - May). In mid-spring (March cies, Cyrtanthu5 ventric05U5 (Jacq.) Willd ., is shown here to 1993) a single bulb was planted in each of eight I-gallon be stimulated to flower by smoke. Ethylene, a gaseous com pots of sandy-loam soil. These were maintained in full ponent of smoke, did not stimulate flowering in this species. sunlight for at least a month. The experiment consisted of three treatments, each applied to two pots in separate Dit is lank reeds bekend dat blomvorming by sekere fynbos chambers. -
PLANT YOUR YARD with WILDFLOWERSI Sources
BOU /tJ, San Francisco, "The the beautiful, old Roth Golden Gate City," pro Estate with its lovely for vides a perfect setting for mal English gardens in the 41st Annual Meeting Woodside. Visit several of the American Horticul gardens by Tommy tural Society as we focus Church, one of the great on the influence of ori est garden-makers of the ental gardens, plant con century. Observe how the servation, and edible originator of the Califor landscaping. nia living garden incor Often referred to as porated both beauty and "the gateway to the Ori a place for everyday ac ent," San Francisco is tivities into one garden the "most Asian of occi area. dental cities." You will Come to San Fran delight in the beauty of cisco! Join Society mem its oriental gardens as bers and other meeting we study the nature and participants as we ex significance of oriental plore the "Beautiful and gardening and its influ Bountiful: Horticulture's ence on American horti Legacy to the Future." culture. A visit to the Japanese Tea Garden in the Golden Gate Park, a Please send me special advance registration information for the botanical treasure, will Society's 1986 Annual Meeting in offer one of the most au San Francisco, California. thentic examples of Japa NAME ________ nese landscape artistry outside of Japan. Tour the Demonstra Western Plants for Amer ~D~SS _______ tion Gardens of Sunset Explore with us the ican Gardens" as well as CITY ________ joys and practical aspects magazine, magnificent what plant conservation of edible landscaping, private gardens open only efforts are being made STATE ZIP ____ which allows one to en to Meeting participants, from both a world per joy both the beauty and and the 70-acre Strybing spective and a national MAIL TO: Annual Meeting, American Horticultural Society, the bounty of Arboretum. -
Gardens and Stewardship
GARDENS AND STEWARDSHIP Thaddeus Zagorski (Bachelor of Theology; Diploma of Education; Certificate 111 in Amenity Horticulture; Graduate Diploma in Environmental Studies with Honours) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2007 School of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Tasmania STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for any other degree or graduate diploma by the University of Tasmania or in any other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by other persons, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis or in footnotes. Thaddeus Zagorski University of Tasmania Date: This thesis may be made available for loan or limited copying in accordance with the Australian Copyright Act of 1968. Thaddeus Zagorski University of Tasmania Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is not merely the achievement of a personal goal, but a culmination of a journey that started many, many years ago. As culmination it is also an impetus to continue to that journey. In achieving this personal goal many people, supervisors, friends, family and University colleagues have been instrumental in contributing to the final product. The initial motivation and inspiration for me to start this study was given by Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick, Dr. Elaine Stratford, and my friend Alison Howman. For that challenge I thank you. I am deeply indebted to my three supervisors Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick, Dr. Elaine Stratford and Dr. Aidan Davison. Each in their individual, concerted and special way guided me to this omega point. -
MAPEAMENTO DOS SÍTIOS DE Dnar 5S E 45S E ORGANIZAÇÃO DA CROMATINA EM REPRESENTANTES DA FAMÍLIA AMARYLLIDACEAE JAUME ST.-HIL
EMMANUELLY CALINA XAVIER RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS MAPEAMENTO DOS SÍTIOS DE DNAr 5S E 45S E ORGANIZAÇÃO DA CROMATINA EM REPRESENTANTES DA FAMÍLIA AMARYLLIDACEAE JAUME ST.-HIL. RECIFE-PE 2015 i EMMANUELLY CALINA XAVIER RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS MAPEAMENTO DOS SÍTIOS DE DNAr 5S E 45S E ORGANIZAÇÃO DA CROMATINA EM REPRESENTANTES DA FAMÍLIA AMARYLLIDACEAE JAUME ST.-HIL. Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutora em Botânica. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Reginaldo de Carvalho Dept° de Genética/Biologia, Área de Genética/UFRPE Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Leonardo Pessoa Felix Dept° de Fitotecnia, UFPB RECIFE-PE 2015 ii MAPEAMENTO DOS SÍTIOS DE DNAr 5S E 45S E ORGANIZAÇÃO DA CROMATINA EM REPRESENTANTES DA FAMÍLIA AMARYLLIDACEAE JAUME ST.-HIL. Emmanuelly Calina Xavier Rodrigues dos Santos Tese defendida e _________________ pela banca examinadora em ___/___/___ Presidente da Banca/Orientador: ______________________________________________ Dr. Reginaldo de Carvalho (Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE) Comissão Examinadora: Membros titulares: ______________________________________________ Dra. Ana Emília de Barros e Silva (Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB) ______________________________________________ Dra. Andrea Pedrosa Harand (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE) ______________________________________________ Dr. Felipe Nollet Medeiros de Assis (Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB) ______________________________________________ Dr. Marcelo Guerra (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE) Suplentes: ______________________________________________ Dra. Lânia Isis Ferreira Alves (Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB) ______________________________________________ Dra. Sônia Maria Pereira Barreto (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFRPE) iii A minha família, em especial ao meu pai José Geraldo Rodrigues dos Santos que sempre foi o meu maior incentivador e a quem responsabilizo o meu amor pela docência. -
Technical Report for the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan – MBSP 2015
Technical Report for the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan – MBSP 2015 June 2015 Authored by: Mervyn C. Lötter Mpumalanga Tourism &Parks Agency Private bag X1088 Lydenburg, 1120 1 Citation: This document should be cited as: Lötter, M.C. 2015. Technical Report for the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan – MBSP. Mpumalanga Tourism & Parks Agency, Mbombela (Nelspruit). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many individuals and organisations that contributed towards the success of the MBSP. In particular we gratefully acknowledge the ArcGIS software grant from the ESRI Conservation Program. In addition the WWF-SA and SANBIs Grasslands Programme played an important role in supporting the development and financing parts of the MBSP. The development of the MBSP spatial priorities took a few years to complete with inputs from many different people and organisations. Some of these include: MTPA scientists, Amanda Driver, Byron Grant, Jeff Manuel, Mathieu Rouget, Jeanne Nel, Stephen Holness, Phil Desmet, Boyd Escott, Charles Hopkins, Tony de Castro, Domitilla Raimondo, Lize Von Staden, Warren McCleland, Duncan McKenzie, Natural Scientific Services (NSS), South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Strategic Environmental Focus (SESFA),Birdlife SA, Endangered Wildlife Trust, Graham Henning, Michael Samways, John Simaika, Gerhard Diedericks, Warwick Tarboton, Jeremy Dobson, Ian Engelbrecht, Geoff Lockwood, John Burrows, Barbara Turpin, Sharron Berruti, Craig Whittington-Jones, Willem Froneman, Peta Hardy, Ursula Franke, Louise Fourie, Avian Demography -
A Feast of African Monocots
Muelleria 37: 127–132 Published online in advance of the print edition, Wednesday 24 April Book Review A Feast of African Monocots Geoff W. Carr Ecology Australia, 88B Station Street, Fairfield, Victoria 3078, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] The Amaryllidaceae of Southern Africa Graham Duncan, Barbara Jeppe, Leigh Voigt (2016) Umdaus Press, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa ISBN: 978-1-919766-50-8, Hardback i-x + 1–709 pages; 27 x 21 cm; 2.9 kg weight. RRP AU $268.99 With the most recent ordinal and familial classification of the angiosperms, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) (APG IV) places 14 families in the Asparagales; together they comprise c. 35,513 species of global distribution. Orchidaceae (26,460 species) dwarfs all other Asparagoid families and makes the order the far most speciose of all monocot orders. Amaryllidaceae (Christenhusz et al. 2017) is largely warm-temperate and tropical in distribution with representatives on all the habitable continents. The amaryllids, with c. 2,140 species constitute the fourth Figure 1. Cover art for The largest family in Asparagales after Orchidaceae (25,000 species), Amaryllidaceae of Southern Africa. Asparagaceae (3,220 species) and Iridaceae (2,244 species), followed by Asphodelaceae (1,200 species). All other families are considerably smaller (Christenhusz et al. 2017). Three subfamilies are recognised in Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae (c. 1,000 species), Allioideae (1,134 species) and Agapanthoideae (7 species). A major radiation of Amaryllideae has occurred in southern Africa, with c. 250 species (11.6% of global total of Amaryllideae). The greatest radiation of Amaryllidaceae is in the Neotropics with 375 species (17.5% of global total) with a lesser centre of distribution in the Mediterranean basin. -
Changes in Growth and Physiological Parameters of ×Amarine Following an Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate
agronomy Article Changes in Growth and Physiological Parameters of ×Amarine Following an Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate Piotr Salachna 1,* , Małgorzata Mikiciuk 2, Agnieszka Zawadzi ´nska 1 , Rafał Piechocki 1, Piotr Ptak 2, Grzegorz Mikiciuk 1, Anna Pietrak 1 and Łukasz Łopusiewicz 3 1 Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 3 Papie˙zaPawła VI Str., 71-459 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] (A.Z.); [email protected] (R.P.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 17 Słowackiego Str., 71-434 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (P.P.) 3 Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 35 Janickiego Str., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-91-4496-359 Received: 5 June 2020; Accepted: 6 July 2020; Published: 8 July 2020 Abstract: Amarine hybrids are attractive ornamental geophytes grown for cut flower production. × Their cultivation is limited due to lesser flowering percentages and lesser bulb weight gain. To optimize the growth and propagation of geophytes, plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used, but so far none have been tested in Amarine. We investigated the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3; 50, 100, and 3 × 3 200 mg dm− ) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA; 100, 500, and 1000 µmol dm− ) on growth, flowering, bulb yield, and select physiological parameters of A.