BOU /tJ,

San Francisco, "The the beautiful, old Roth Golden Gate City," pro­ Estate with its lovely for­ vides a perfect setting for mal English gardens in the 41st Annual Meeting Woodside. Visit several of the American Horticul­ gardens by Tommy tural Society as we focus Church, one of the great­ on the influence of ori­ est garden-makers of the ental gardens, plant con­ century. Observe how the servation, and edible originator of the Califor­ landscaping. nia living garden incor­ Often referred to as porated both beauty and "the gateway to the Ori­ a place for everyday ac­ ent," San Francisco is tivities into one garden the "most Asian of occi­ area. dental cities." You will Come to San Fran­ delight in the beauty of cisco! Join Society mem­ its oriental gardens as bers and other meeting we study the nature and participants as we ex­ significance of oriental plore the "Beautiful and gardening and its influ­ Bountiful: Horticulture's ence on American horti­ Legacy to the Future." culture. A visit to the Japanese Tea Garden in the Golden Gate Park, a Please send me special advance registration information for the botanical treasure, will Society's 1986 Annual Meeting in offer one of the most au­ San Francisco, California.

thentic examples of Japa­ NAME ______nese landscape artistry outside of Japan. Tour the Demonstra­ Western Plants for Amer­ ~D~SS ______tion Gardens of Sunset Explore with us the ican Gardens" as well as CITY ______joys and practical aspects magazine, magnificent what plant conservation of edible landscaping, private gardens open only efforts are being made STATE ZIP ____ which allows one to en­ to Meeting participants, from both a world per­ joy both the beauty and and the 70-acre Strybing spective and a national MAIL TO: Annual Meeting, American Horticultural Society, the bounty of Arboretum. perspective. P.O . Box 0105 , Mount Vernon, VA h0 rti culture. Learn "What's New in Take a trip to Filoli, 22121. VOLUME 6S NUMBER 6

President's Page: Resolutions by Edward N_ Dane 2

Strange Relatives: The Pink Family by Jane Steffey 4 Garden Hints: From Wood and Meadow by Michael S. Trimble 10

People and Plants: Blessings and Curses by Charles A. Lewis 16 Sierran Inspiration Text and Photography by Pamela Harper 22 Native Plants and the Nursery Trade by Jane Scott 27 Sources 33 Book Reviews by Barbara W. Ellis and Gilbert S. Daniels 34

Pronunciation Guide 38

Classifieds 40

The Design Page: Border Textures by Margaret Hensel 44

On the Cover: Native American plants have long been popular in the nursery trade. Unlike these cacti, which were grown from seed, many of the native plants offered in mail-order catalogues and at nurseries are co ll ected from the wild. Wild-collecting threatens the survival of many of our native species of cacti, orchids, lilies and ferns, to name a few. To learn more about this subject-and what you can do to help alleviate the problem-see " Native Plants and the Nursery Trade" on page 27. Photograph by Marv Poulson.

Editor's Note: It has come to our attention that several copies of the April Through the centuries, gardeners have turned to issue of American Horticulturist were missing pages and/or had duplicate Mother Nature when searching for design inspiration. pages. An y member who received a defective copy of the April issue (or This lovely garden pool, which is sculptured in who receives a defective copy of any issue, for that matter) is requested to concrete, has a mountain counterpart that was carved write to the Editor in care of the Society. Please return your defective copy, out of solid granite by wind and water. Join Pamela or list which pages were missing and/or duplicated. This information will Harper on page 22 for a look at a fascinating San help us to identify where the production problem occurred and will enable Francisco garden and the mountain scenery that us to take the necessary steps to correct it. We will be happy to replace inspired its design. Photograph by Pamela Harper. defective issues and refund your postage.

EDITOR, PUBLI CATIONS DIRECTOR: Barbara W. Elli s. ART DIRECTOR: Rebecca K. McClimans. ASS OCIATE EDITORS: Lynn M. Lynch and A. Brooke Russell . HORTICULTURAL CO NS ULTANTS: Gi lbert S. Dani els, Jane Steffey. ASS ISTANTS TO THE EDITOR: Martha Palermo, Cindy Weakland. BUS INESS MANAGER: May Li n Roscoe. MEMBERSHIP DIRECTO R: Sall ie Hutcheson. COLOR SEPARATIONS: John Si mmons, Chromagraphics Inc. ADVERTISING REPRESENT ATI VE: C. W. Adve rtisin g, P.O. Box 138, Mount Ve rnon, VA 22121, (703) 360- 6666.

Replacement issues of AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST are available at a cost of $2.50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articl es that appear in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST are those of the authors and are not necessa ril y those of the Society. M anuscripts, art work and photographs sent fo r possible publicati on will be returned if they are accompani ed by a sel f­ addressed, stamped envelope. \YJe cannot guarantee the safe return of unsoli cited material.

AMERI CAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN 0096-441 7, is the official publication of the Ameri ca n Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Dri ve, Al exandria, Vi rginia 22308, (703) 768-5700, and is iss ued monthly. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST . Membership dues start at $20.00 a year, $12.00 of which is designated fo r AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST. Copyright © 1986 by the Ameri ca n Horticultural Society. Second-class postage paid at Al ex andria, Virginia and at additional mailing o ffi ces. Postmaster: Pl ease send Form 3579 to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121.

American Horticulturist PRESIDENT'S PAGE Resolutions

y the time this appears in print, make every attempt to treat ourselves and most of us will have begun a new our environment more kindly by a practice B season in our gardens. Because of I would call "reading leaves" instead of the lead time required to publish each issue "reading labels," that is, by beginning to of American Horticulturist, however, I am practice more careful and considerate use writing this column at a time when my of chemicals when dealing with plant dis­ own garden is decid@dly dormant. In fact, eases and pests. Rather than searching the • Unique double glazed Quality changeable thermal option it is still buried under several inches of shelf for a quick cure to a perceived prob­ Redwood Greenhouses snow. lem, we should try to look for a more The finest you can buy This is definitely a time of year for r@­ natural way to effect a cure. • Wide variety of designs & sizes, plus flection, and although the traditional time custom sizes to suit special needs. Sun room design in many sizes, too. for New Year's resolutions has passed, it • Unique prefabrication - easy to erect. is still not too late for new garden-year Although the traditional • Low factory prices, freight prepaid. resolutions. Such resolutions are personal • Options and many accessories. time for New lear's • 30 years experience. in nature; they are a pact between the Send for free color catalog individual who makes them and his or her resolutions has passed, l§jS turdi-bu.ilt own conscience. There are some resolu­ M:an. ufac tul.'l.n.g Cozn.pany tions, however, that I think have enough it is still not too late for Dept.AH, 11304 SW Boones Ferry Ad .. Portland, OA 97219 universal ap.peal for Society members to consider. new garden-year First on the list, I think, is to resolve to resolutions. try something new in our gardens-by way of either plants or gardening techniques. Finally, I would like to offer a resolve Personally, I benefit enormously from to share our gardening experiences with publications like the one before you when others. One of the most wonderful aspects I plant my garden each season. Advertise­ of gardening is that it is not generally a ments and "how-to" articles are the chief competitive activity. In all of my travels catalysts that motivate me to action. Also, with the Society and all of my talks with because my garden is now a clean slate, I Society members, I have never found a gar­ can use my imagination to envision perfect dener who wasn't willing to share his or results from my efforts. I am totally unen­ her horticultural experiences with others. cumbered by the realities of the labor in­ I can't think of any better way to fulfill volved in carrying out any of my plans, this resolution than by introducing a friend the problems posed by the vagaries of to the American Horticultural Society. weather or the non-cooperation on the part Perhaps you will benefit from these of the plants themselves. thoughts if for no other reason than be­ The second resolve that I would like to cause they may lead you to think of other pass on is to take some opportunity during good resolutions for yourself. This is our the new garden season to increase your chance to treat ourselves to perfect gar­ knowledge of some aspect of gardening dens. As long as our landscapes are still with which you are not very familiar. The only images in our own minds, is there any opportunities are limitless. For instance, harm in believing that all of our efforts plan to spend a little time in other gar­ will be successful? All we know now is dens-public or private-to observe their that our gardens this season will be the successes and failures. Or, spend some time best that we will ever grow. Let's wait until with a plant society or garden club for the later to talk about how it all works out. ADVANCED PROPAGATION same reason. Needless to say, a resolution Now we only know success. to read all of the American Horticultural MIST SYSTEMS Society'S publications, attend one of its (Free brochure) meetings or join one of the Society-spon­ AQUAMOHITOR sored trips would also be valuable. Dept 10 - Box 327 - Huntington, NY 11743 A third resolve worth passing on is to -Edward N. Dane 516-427-5664

2 June 1986 Is your garden missing jewel-like flowers floating on a one of the most satisfying forms of gardening. If you shimmering water surface and the darting brilliance of haven't one, you are missing a great deal of satisfaction goldfish? Are you missing the melodic sounds of spilling from your garden . . water from a fountain, vessel or waterfall? Let Lilypons and TETRA POND help you to get started What you need in your garden is a water lily pool. A water today by ordering one of our durable TETRA POND32 mil, lily pool is a garden whose plants like damp to very wet flexible 2 ply PVC pool liners. So easy to install and main­ feet. Fish and frogs like to live there and butterflies will tain you will ask yourself why you Waited so long to begin like YoUl; garden better than ever. A water garden is simply this adventure. Choose from the six sizes listed (sizes are approXimate, for depth IVa' to 2' in yOlU own desig~) : o 10 ' x 16' Uner makes 6 ' x 1~' pool ...... 813$ ' 0 13' x 13 ' Uner makes"" K 9 ' pool ...... 8155 o 13 ' x 20 ' llner makes 9' x 16 ' pool...... 8195 0 16 ' x 23' lln.er makes 13 ' x 19 ' pool ...... 8295 o 20 ' x 26 ' liner makes 16' x 22' pool...... , ...... $395 0 23' x 30' llner makes 19' x 26 ' pool ...... 8475

Use your personal check or circle credit card: AE CB CH DC MC VS. ' Card Number: Exp. Date __~ ~~ ______~~ ___-'- ___

Name Address ____~ __------City State Zip . Phone ( Catalogue free with order. 0 No order at this time; please send catalogue subscription at 84.00. Maryland (5%) and Texas (5-1 / 8%) residents add sales tax. Lilypon,~ Water Gardens 1526 Amhort Road 1526 'L!lypons Road P .O. Box 10 P .O . Box 188 LUypona,' Maryland 21717-0010 Brookshire , Texas 77423-0188 (301) 874-5133 Washington Local 428-0686 (713) 934-8525l:1ouston Local 391-0076 STRANGE REIA TIVES The Pink Family

Dianthus chinensis 'Queen's Court Mix' Sir, the year growing ancient, to wine. The word carnation is based on base of the stamen. In some species, sepals the Latin corona, meaning crown, in ref­ are separate down to the base, and nectar Not yet on summer's death, erence to the ancient custom of using this is easy to obtain; in others (such as the nor on the birth flower in crowns or wreaths. carnation), nectar is held deep in the tu­ Of trembling winter, the The clove pink or carnation, Dianthus bular calyx of joined sepals so that only caryophyllus, is just one of many species insects with a long proboscis (for example, fairestflowers 0' the season in the pink family, Caryophyllaceae. Fam­ butterflies or moths) can reach it. Polli­ Are our carnations, and ily members are called " pinks" not for their nation results in the production of a cy­ streak'd gillyvors. color-which may be white and yellow, lindrical capsule, which usually contains or a shade of pink, rose or red-but for many seeds. A few species produce a one­ -The Winter's Tale the crimped, or "pinked," edges of their seeded nutlet. petals. There are approximately 300 species of Plants belonging to the Caryophyllaceae Dianthus. The generic name derives from By the time Shakespeare wrote The Win­ are found mainly in temperate and cool the Greek words di and anthos, meaning ter's Tale, he had left the London theater climates. The family includes 70 genera, flower of the gods. Most species are native for good and returned to his own home and abounds in ornamental plants-an­ to Europe and Asia, although a few species and garden at Stratford. Like any good nuals, biennials and perennials suited to can be found growing in the wild in such gardener, he thought much about the sea­ rock gardens, wall gardens and herbaceous places as Alaska and South Africa. Hor­ sons of the year. In the above quotation, borders. The family includes several well­ ticulturists have divided the genus arbi­ Shakespeare speaks of midsummer and the known genera, of which Dianthus, Gyp­ trarily into five to eight main groups. One flowers that bloomed in gardens during sophila and Lychnis are the best known. grouping that is helpful in making choices that season. The name gillyvor is a cor­ Pink family members tend to prefer al­ for the garden is presented by Roy Hay ruption of the French word for clove, gi­ kaline soils, are sun-loving, and are pre­ and Patrick M. Synge in The Color Dic­ rofle. In the Middle Ages, the old-fash­ dominantly summer-flowering. Flowers are tionary of Flowers and Plants for Home ioned, fragrant clove carnations were used regular, and have four or five sepals that and Garden (Crown Publishers, Inc., 1969): in place of expensive cloves from the Ori­ are separate or united, four or five petals, descriptions and color photographs are ent to impart a pleasing flavor and bouquet and 10 stamens. All secrete honey at the given for (1) alpine and rock garden pinks;

4 June 1986 (2) annual and biennial plants; (3) border The hardy hybrid species D. x all­ years of intensive work that involved pinks and carnations; (4) perpetual car­ woodii originated in England from a cross crossing pinks with perpetual carnati ons. nations for the greenhouse. between D . caryophyllus and D. plumar­ The last of Allwood's hybrid races, com­ Some Dianthus species are matoforming, ius . Its flowers come in many colors and monly referred to as the "All woodii al­ while others are tufted or erect. Leaves are have va ri o usly fr in ged petals. pinus" race, was bred by crossing 'All­ opposite, paired, and often united at the Montague All wood, British hybridizer, woodii' selecti ons with various dwarf base, forming a sheath around th e stem. spent his whole life raising different forms species. Plants in the race bear pink or Nodes are usuall y swoll en. Flowers, which of Dianthus. He created the race of cu l­ purple flowers that bloom over a long are solitary o r grow in panicles or clusters, tivars known as "Allwoodii" after nine period. have five petals and 10 stamens. They are often showy and fragrant, and usuall y pink or rose in color. In North America, the name carnati on ordinarily refers to the fl ori st's fl ower, D. caryophyllus, which is grown under glass for cut flowers. H owever, the name ri ghtly belongs to all of the ca rnati on species. T he highly developed, large- fl owered fo rms are of two general groups: the border or out­ door carnations, and the glass ho use o r florist's carnati ons. Border carn ati ons are rarely cultivated in North Ameri ca; the florist's fl ower is grown on this continent as a commercial crop. D. chinensis, rainbow pink, is a short­ lived perennial from central and eastern China. The 'H eddewigii ' strain of cultivars and a number of other hybrids comprise the annual pinks most commonly grown in gardens in the United States. Rainbow pinks sport green foliage on stems that are six to 30 inches tall. The plants produce few- to many- flowered clusters of fl owers in a variety of colors. D . deltoides, maiden pink, is a nati ve of Europe. This vigorous species for the rock garden blooms in Mayor June. Its deep pink flowers are borne on six- to eight­ inch stalks above the green or glaucous foliage, which grows in tufts or clumps. Several cultivars of D. deltoides bear white, pink or rose blossoms. D . gratianopolitanus (formerly D. cae­ sius) is commonly called cheddar pink. It is also native to E~rope. This species pro­ duces dense, little clumps of gray leaves, and blooms intermittently in early sum­ mer. Its fragrant, rosy-pink flowers have toothed and bearded petals. There are var­ ious cultivars that provide the gardener with a cnoice of flower color and habit. D . plumarius, cottage pink or grass pink, was probably introduced to the United States from Europe in colonial days. This mat-forming perennial displays distinctive gray foliage, and blooms in May and June. rts extremely fragrant blossoms often sport fringed petals of rose, purple or white. There are a number of cultivars and varieties from which to choose.

American Horticulturist 5 STRANGE RELA TIVES

Another species, D. knappii, is curiously Cypsophila, or baby's-breath, is an­ texture of their small leaves and flowers. reluctant to hybridize with other members other ornamental member of the pink fam­ c. repens, creeping baby's-breath, forms of its genus. However, hybridize rs have ily. Baby's-breath is distinguished from broad mats that are smothered in summer been able to use this native of western other genera of Caryophyllaceae by its large, by tiny white or pink flowers. This species Yugoslavia to widen the color range of branched sprays of tiny flowers . Members makes a good ground cover and is well carnations. D. knappii forsakes family of this genus, which includes both annuals suited for the rock garden. tradition by having unique clear-yellow and perennials, are valued for the fine tex­ The generic name Lychnis is derived from flowers, which never fail to attract interest. ture of their foliage and the frothy effect the Greek word for lamp, an allusion to The flowers are small and have no fra­ of their flowering habit. All gypsophilas the flame-colored flowers borne by some grance, but they are carried in profusion love sun and prefer an alkaline soil. members of this genus. The common name, on tall, branching stems that grow to a C. paniculata is a delicate, but compact­ campion, comes from the Latin word for foot or more in height. The plant's habit growing hardy perenni al. Small, white field, the plant's usual habitat. The 35 spe­ of growth is straggly and impermanent. flowers (up to 1,000 on a single branched cies of Lychnis are annuals or perennials D . barbatus, sweet William, is a native spray) appear in July; the plants will bloom that are native to north-temperate or arctic of southern Europe. Although it has a long again from August to October if they are regions. Several species or forms bear bright, history of cultivation, the garden forms cut back after th e first flu sh of blooms. five-petaled flowers in shades of white, have changed comparatively little over the There are a number of white or pink cul­ scarlet, pink or purple. The flowers are centuries. This short-lived perennial, usu­ tivars; 'Bristol Fairy' is a common double­ solitary or borne in clusters. ally grown as a biennial in the garden, is flowered form. C. elegans, an attractive L. chalcedonica was once thought to have nearly two feet tall. The inflorescence is a annual, has larger flowers than does C. been brought to western Europe from Je­ many-flowered, flat-topped, sometimes paniculata. Cultivars with white, purple rusalem at the time of the Crusades; hence double cluster of flowers. Many cultivars and rose-pink flowers are available. the common names Jerusalem-cross and have been developed that offer white, pink, Florists cultivate both C. elegans and C. Maltese-cross. However, it is actually na­ rose, red, purple or bi-colored blossoms. paniculata for bouquets. In addition, both tive to Russia and Siberia. Its dense ter­ D. barbatus has escaped from gardens and species are valued in gardens for their minal heads of inch-wide, scarlet flow­ is naturalized in North America. heavily branched habit and for the feathery ers-which appear on leafy three-foot stems

Cultivate

Spring isn't the only season for budding relationships. Some New The long, warm days of Summer give all kinds of flowers, trees and shrubs a great start. And when you add a little Friends greenery to the scenery, the value of your home blossoms as well. So, plan on planting this This Summer. Summer. You'll be surprised how fast your new friends grow on you. Discover the pleasure of plants.

6 Jun e 1986 in June and July-make it a popular per­ L flos-jovis, flower-of-Jove, is an at­ of the sil enes are useful and ornamental in ennial bo rder plant. This species has be­ tractive three-foot perenni al with white to­ the garden, while some fall under the gen­ come naturali zed in the United States. mentose foli age and purplish-red fl owers. eral catego ry o f wildflowers. The name L coronaria, rose campion, has also been L coeli-rosa, rose-of-heaven, is an annual Silene is based on the Greek word for sa­ naturali zed in this country. Although it is whose bl ossoms are produced singly at the liva, in reference to the sticky substance a bi ennial, it can be grown in the ga rd en ends of stems that grow eight to 20 in ches found on stems or leaves. Among the names as an annual. It bea rs rosy bl ossoms on tall. There are rose-of-heaven selecti ons that commonl y associated with this genus are sil very stems. The leaves are covered with bear white, red or purple fl owers. catch fl y and campion. many fine, si lve ry hairs. This dense, white, L viscaria, German catchfl y, sports tufts As with other pinks, Silene species bear wooll y substance was once pi cked fro m o f grass-like fo li age and reddish-purple fl owers that have fiv e petals and 10 sta­ the leaves and used fo r lamp wicks. The fl owers borne in clusters of three to six mens. The calyx is tubular, and the united vivid ceri se fl owers provide a striking con­ per stem. A nati ve of Europe and northern sepals enfo ld the fl owers, whose separate trast to. the rest o f the pl ant. Asia, this species blooms in late Mayor petals are white, pink or red. A hatdy perennial for the wild garden June. The name catch fl y alludes to the stems, S. ~ca ulis , cushion pink or moss cam­ is L flos-cuculi. The white, pink, blue o r which are hairy above and vi scid just be­ pion, is a showy, mat-forming alpine spe­ purple fl owers have fiv e petals, each o f low the nodes. cies that bears deep pink or purplish fl ow­ which is di vided into four thread-li ke seg­ H aages campion, (L x haageana) is a ers. This species, which is a native of arctic ments. This distincti ve pattern accounts hybrid between L fulgens and L caron­ Eurasia and the mountains of western N orth for the common name, ragged-robin. The ata. It produces masses of scarl et-o range Ameri ca and central Europe, produces a fl owers, which appear from May to Au­ fl owers in earl y su mmer on lO-in ch-tall sma ll hummock o f leafy stems and woody gust, are bo rne on one- to two-foot stems. pl ants. bases. It is suitable for the rock garden, The leaves are somewhat hairy and sti cky. O ne large genus of th e pink fa mil y whose but is generall y not as free-flowering under This species is a weed o f European ori gin, members are distributed throughout the cultiva ti on as it is in its native habitat. and has become naturali zed throughout No rthern Hemi sphere is Silene. This di­ S. alba, white campion or evening cam­ eastern N o rth Ameri ca, from Quebec to verse group includes annuals, bi ennials and pion, bears li ghtly scented, white blossoms Pennsylvani a. perennials, both hardy and tender. A few that appear in the evening. It is native to WE PUT THE COLOR IN YOUR LIFE! ASTOUNDING SIZED TULIPS-GUARANTEED TO BLOOM! 18 Bulbs Only $9.99! 36 Bulbs Only $14.99 Save $6.99! Generate excitement from your family and neighbors-plant our oversized Tulip Bulbs and capture the brilliance of exceptionally large, 18" to 22" high Tulips in your garden! Easy to plant (you can leave them in the ground year after year), easy to grow (they'll bloom in April/ May in all the colors pictur~d)! Direct to you from our harvest fields in Holland, for the freshest, highest quality bulbs. at Royal Gardens everyday low prices! Royal Gardens USA Receiving Office P.O. (lox 588 Dept. C53 Farmingdale, NJ 07727 (20\) 780-2713 .. GUARANTEED TO BLOOM " GUARANTEE For over 100 years. we have put customer sati sfacti on above all else. That's why, if for any reason you are not satisfi ed with your bulbs, we will replace them orrefund yo ur money, whic hever you prefer'

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ENSURE Immediate shipment from our own large Maryland inventory AUTHENTICITY Call or write for more information SPECIFY 16 - page catalogue $1 .00 MADE IN ENGLAND Country Casual - CAH 4' Windermere 17317 Germantown Road, Germantown, Md. 20874-2£)99 19 " Sq. Grantham Timber Tub (301) 540-0040 / Metro D.C. #428-3434 STRANGE RELA TIVES MINIATURE PLANTS ~ ..~ ~,/ ~ North Afri ca, Europe and As ia, and has species is sometimes included in borders • for Bonsai, ., . ~.. become naturalized in North Ameri ca. or wild gardens. terrariums, dish !11~ )'"\ Another ni ght-flowering species is S. The name Saponaria is based on the Latin gardens, mini­ landscapes. noctiflora, a rather coarse annual that is word for soap. The species name offici­ noted for its fragrant aroma. This species Wee shamrocks nalis indicates th at the weed was a stock­ to bring you good comes from Europe and Asia, but is also in-trade item of ancient herb shops. Soap­ luck, mini'gardenias naturalized in N o rth Ameri ca. wort has had many herbal, medicinal and for Bonsai buffs, dwarf fuchsias to S. vu.lgaris, bladder ca mpion o r maid­ domestic uses throughout the centuries. For grow on your en's-tears, is a common roadsi de weed of example, it has been used to restore deli ­ windowsill. Mini· Europe that bears nodding flowers at the cate materials; lather produced by crush­ atu re roses for winter bouquets. Grow fragrant mini upper joints of the stems. Small, cl awed, ing the leaves and roots is high in saponin, lilacs, or little pussy willows. Make a white petals and stamens extend from a a chemi cal compound that foams like soap corsage with mini orchids. Enjoy dwarf large, inflated green calyx. pomegranates with real fruit! Watch and works well to restore color and sheen mini Christmas cactus come into bloom. Among the nati ve-American species of to old and faded fabrics, including ancient Year 'round shipping to U .S.A . and Silene are S. virginica, S. caroliniana, S. tapestries, embroideries and brocades. Canada. Send for mail-order catalog today. It's FREE! stellata and S. laciniata. S. virginica, fire Saponin produced from soapwort has also ---- -Clip & Ma il- -- -- pink, is one of our most conspi cuous wi ld­ been used to return the original luster to MINIATURE PLANT WORLD - 45638 flowers. The fl owers are an inch or mo re delicate chin a and precious glass. Today, I Elder Ave., Box 7 A, Sardis, B.C. V2R 1 A5 across, and spo rt brilliant red petals, each soapwort is used in museums and hi stori c I one of which is two-pronged at the tip. houses to res tore treasures spoil ed by ages o YES, I'd like to hear more about I your MINI PLANTS. Please rush Greeni sh sepals are united into a sticky of neglect. The plant is still culti vated in I my FREE Catalog. tubular calyx. The pl ant's sti cky, hairy stem Syria and other eastern coun tri es for its I reaches a foot to two feet in height. Com­ exceptional cleansing qualities in washing I My name is ------mon in open woods and on rocky slopes, wools, linens and silks. I I live at ~ ______this species begins to bloom in the South The name Stellaria media mea ns "a starry In in late March, and may continue to bloom pl ant of intermediate size." Anglo-Saxons I into June o r later. I I ca ll ed this plant chi ckweed, a name that LS~t:... _____ ~ ____ :.J S. caroliniana, Carolina wild pink, is a attests to the fact that it is relished by birds low, tufted plant with sti cky, hairy stems. and poultry. This modes t cousin of the Its spreading, one-inch petals are bright carnati o n is an a nnua l weed that lasts pink. It is found in dry, sandy or rocky through the winter and seldom lacks flow­ woods, and blooms between April and June. ers and seeds. It grows th roughout Europe S. stellata, starry campion or widow's­ as well as southern and central As ia, and frill, bears a loose cluster of white flowers is establi shed as far north as the Arcti c atop a stem that grows from two to three Circl e. S. media is among the few plants feet tall. Along the stem are whorls o f four that possess a rich copper content, and is lance-shaped leaves, which are sli ghtly hairy a hi ghl y nutritio us cress in the diet of man, beneath. The fl owers measure about three­ beast and bird. Both S. media and Cel"­ quarters of an inch across, and have an astium arvense- another pink family inflated, bell-shaped, usually downy calyx. member that is also call ed chickweed-are I The ONLY specialty liquid plant I Petals are delicately fringed. S. stellata garden and lawn weeds in North America. I foods in the industry. Made for I safety, accuracy and results. is common in open woods from July to Among the desirable garden species in JUNGLE JUICE (2-5-4) for fantastic September. the genus Cerastium is C. tomentosum, I I I foliage growth and super green. I S. la ciniata, Indian pink or M exican snow-in-summer. This perennial is valued GRANNY'S BLOOMERS (0-6·5) campion, grows naturally in mountains for its grayish, woolly leaves, and grows I I ZERO nitrogen and special trace I from California to New Mex ico and into in dense, creeping patches in rock gardens. I for abundant african violet Mexico. Three-foot pubescent stems bear Certain pl am families have univers al ap­ I blooms, you won't believe your I clusters of showy crims0n flowers. peal, and the Caryophyllaceae is one of eyes. The genus Saponaria, soapwort, is best them. Given thei r variations in color, size, I CACTUS JUICE (1-7-6) For I kn0wn for the species S. officinalis, com­ character and habit of gr0wth-for ex­ I outstanding specimens and helps I monly called bouncing Bet. This stout, rhi­ ample, creeping or erect, annual or per­ promote flowering. zomatous perennial forms colonies of ennial, day-flowering or night-flowering, I FLOWER CRACKER (1-6-5) For I sparingly branched, three-foot stems. Its showy or diminutive-the pinks can help I Impatiens, Orchids, Bromeliads, I I Geraniums, all flowering plants. I pink-and-white flowers grow in a con­ the gardener achieve a summer-blooming 6 oz. bottle makes 12 gals. capful densed termima l cluster. Although of EU­ garden of great div e r s ity . ~~ I I measure. $3.85 ppd. ropean origin, bouncing Bet is naturalized -Jane Steffey I Any 4·6 oz. btls. $11 .85 ppd. Free I throughout North America and is some­ catalog. what invasive. The flowers give off little Jane Steffey is an Editorial Advisor and a Dept. AH scent in daylight but exude a delicious frequent contributor to American n Clarel aroma at nightfall, and for this reason the Horticulturist. Deerfield, IL 60015" Laboratories Inc.

American Horticulturist 9 GARDEN HINTS Prom lfbod & Me

II too often we seem to overlook the many useful parallels that exist A between the goings-on in meadows and woodlands, vyhere natural selection has chosen the resident plant life, and our own efforts to landscape our home grounds. Whether our goals include the develop­ ment of low-maintenance plantings or ob­ taining more unusual plants for our gar­ dens, we can learn a great deal about what plants can be used to best advantage under different growing conditions by studying natural plant communities in their native habitats. Parks and other refuges from human en­ croachment where the natural terrain and vegetation have been preserved are an in­ valuable source of information and inspi­ ration for gardeners. They offer a firsthand look at how different terrains are success­ fully populated by plants that have selected their own preferred habitats. These areas also display the rich variety of plant species that are amenable to different soil, light and moisture conditions. Especially noteworthy are areas that have been singled out for protection because of their unique characteristics and the un­ usual plant communities that frequently dwell there. Limestone cobbles, acidic bogs or tracts of virgin prairie, for example, can all offer useful information to gardeners with unusual garden habitats in their back yards. If a low-maintenance planting is high on your list of landscaping objectives, you can ask for no better guides in matching plants

to habitat than the woods and meadows. Alice Yeager By discovering and using plants that are readily adaptable to the climate and soil cover what the woods and meadows hold, except where the vegetables are grown, found within your garden, you should be you will need to discover what your own and the light varies from shady patches able to establish a thriving and visually piece of land has to offer. lying in the shadows of maples, pines and sumptuous planting that will require little The available light will vary from spot hemlocks, to a full, unobstructed southern coddling once the plants have established to spot depending upon the garden's ex­ exposure in the loamy meadow. themselves. posure, as well as the size and species of The availability of water, especially dur­ Low-maintenance gardening is based on trees present. The soil will usually be any­ ing the summer months, is a critical con­ the premise that the gardener chooses the thing but uniform throughout the entire sideration. Since the necessity for frequent plants to fit the cultural conditions of the garden. My own garden has far more clay watering defeats the purpose of low-main­ planting site, rather than tailoring (and pe-. than I would have liked, outcroppings of tenance gardening, the plants' moisture re­ ri6dically refurbishing) the site to meet the slate where little soil of ·any description quirements should be matched to the av­ preferences of a select group of plants. exists, and one wonderful meadow of sandy erage rainfall. Of course, during prolonged Therefore, before venturing out to dis- loam. The water table is relatively high dry spells, those plant species that are not

10 June 1986 MARLATE _6000 ACUTE ORAL LO 50 RATING IN MILLIGRAMS

The Leader in Low Toxicity

Marlate Methoxyclor Insecticide effectively _5000 perennials, and delicate ornamentals. It can controls a diversified range of insects which be utilized on such sensitive vegetables as to­ infests fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals in all matoes, beans, and squash which may be in­ gardens and greenhouses. It has the lowest jured by other insecticides. Garden lovers will toxicity rating of the major insecticides on the feel comfortable and rest assured usjng Marlate market today. in a garden and backyard that is ~njoyed by THE LOWEST TOXICITY AVAILABLE children and pets. The Toxicity Graph below compares Its contact action controls over 300 varieties Marlate with other major insecticides. The of insects including cabbageworms, Japanese graph is measured in milligrams and is divided beetles, leafhoppers, tent caterpillars, flower into four toxicity classes (Class I-Poison; _4000 thrips, and gypsy moths. Class II-Warning; Class III and Class TV­ Marlate Methoxyclor Insecticide is a prod­ Caution) as stated by the Association of uct you can depend on. Study the evidence and American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc. deddefo' you"," (AAPCO). The number appearing at the top II of each bar represents the Acute Oral LO 50 rating of each insecticide as given in the Farm Chemicals Handbook 1985. The Acute Oral Time Tested LO 50 is the determination of toxicity of each insecticide. The lower the LO 50 number in milligrams, the more poisonous the chemical. Methoxychlor Clearly illustrated, Marlate soars to the top of Insecticide the graph registering 6000 milligrams·­ the lowest mammalian toxicity rating of all the major insecticides. Manufactured by It is 40 times less toxic than Oursban (Lorsban), 15 times less toxic than Oiazinon, 12 times less toxic than Sevin, and six times less toxic than Malathion. Continued exposure to Malathion and Sevin can affect the cholinester­ KINCAID ENTERPRISES, INC. P.O. Box 671 ase (a body (wzyme necessary for proper nerve Nitro, WV 25143 function) levels in the blood. BIO-DEGRADABLE For more information on Marlate and a list of Marlate's bio-degradable formulation will distributors near yon please fill out the coupon oot harm the environment and is non­ below and mail it today. acenffiulative in the food chain. It can be ap­ plied ~epeatedly without harm to the eGosystem. •~------Please send me more information on Marlate • and the nearest distributor in my vicinity. .. VERSATILE AND EFFl:CTIVE I Matlate is tloo-phyt:otoJ{ic to most 1NAME gJJowing pla(i}ts, sbade trees, shrubs, MALATHION ADDRESS frUits, amiuals, _1000 ORTHENE 1CITY STATE ZIP 1 • CAUTION Cl ass IV I am interested in controlling • CAUTION Cl ass III • WARNING Class II 1th e following insects in my • POISON Class I o fl ower 0 vegetable garden S.EVIN _ 500 1 BOJ\ENI1NE . , OIAZI~ QN & PSOX,OL I 150 1---L .... __ _ DOVe ' ••SBAN &. ~O'SB4N ;;:. .111 75

® MARLATt is ~ regi ste red trademark 01 KINCAID tNT .. INC . COldGreenhouse Frame Quality GARDEN HINTS Extends growing -==""",,;;g:=="""""" adapted to desert survival may need a deep liferate most fre€ly under the prevailing drink. The infrequent task of watering will conditions? Does your garden have a sim­ Solidseason aluminum 6 weeks . III Gf ~~~:l~~~~~ Irame and be much easier if a faucet or hose is nearby. ilar spot where a mass of meadow-dwellers double·wall - _.. ". I No matter how homogeneous your gar­ could be successfully accommodated? These polycarbonate "-=::;;/:' .;; .. ~ ~ glazing . ' ,,-"",-:;:;0- den site may app>ear to be, it undoubtedly are the sorts of observations that can help Shatterproof. Optional automatic openers. 39"x34" Expands with add·on units. contains a number of microclimates that you select plants that will feel right at home favor one group of plants over another. in your garden and will provide both visual Electric Although the soil type, light and water beauty and a minimal demand upon your Steinmax availability can be easily ascertained, spots time. Chipper-Shredder where cold air collects in late spring and Information gleaned from your walks • Compare the value early autl!lml'l are less obvious. If you can can also help you capitalize on a site's traits • Most powerful motor. wait one full year before planting a new to establish a more complete garden pic­ 2.3hp on 110v. 1700 watts. • Chipper does 1'1,' branches garden, your observations of where the ture. For example, while walking in the • Center blade shreds corn stalks, prunings, old plants , frost hits first in autumn and where the woods during spring, you may come upon newspapers and leaves. first buds of spring break will help you an area where the soil is a bit dry and • Dulk leaf shredding accessory, decide where to plant what for the best rocky. In the Northeast, wild columbine, Imported from England performance. A year's observation will also polypody ferns and Virginia saxifrage are reveal where storm run-off collects, along common residents of such a site. A similar with other bits of information that take area in your garden, where light shade pre­ watering much of the trial (and, all too frequently, dominates, would be no less hospitable to -, Cans error) out of placil'lg plants in the garden. these carefree, yet delicate-looking plants, Once you are familiar with the many­ which need only an occasional watering Regular & Long Reach faceted character of your planting site, you during summer to keep them happy. Models will probably be sorely tempted to reach Before leaving the rocky site in the woods for catalogues and garden reference man­ with your plant information, notice that This range of 6 uals to look up plants listed under headings the beauty of the spot relies upon more cans handles every watering job in the greenhouse, garden or such as "Plants for Wet Soil" and " Plants than th€ plants themselves. On such a site, home. Good looking, strong green plastic and for Rocky Ground." Although these ma­ you will also frequently find seams of lichen­ built to last. Brass·faced rose attachments pro· vide gentle rain for seed beds and delicate seed· terials are a valuable source of information encrusted stone, with patches of moss and lings . All priced under $10. and can be useful in selecting proper plants reindeer lichen clinging to the shallowest Sliding-panel for your particular growing conditions, you pockets of soiL Columbines and saxifrages should reach instead for a good field guide often add color and a touch of delicacy, compost Bins to native plants and set out for a walk in thereby providing a contrast to the harder Garden and kitchen wastes become rich the woods or meadows. character of stone and lichen. Together, compost in weeks. The ever-growing list of plants offered these diverse elements create a very lovely, Scientifically designed English bins hold in for sale at garden centers and through mail­ low-maintenance planting for dry, stony warmth and moisture for accelerated order catalogues is principally composed soiL decomposition yet of hybrids and cultivars that have be(m Moister woodlands with a deeper and ventilate correctly. Add materials anytime . painstakingly developed by plant breeders. richer soil harbor bloodroot, trilliums and 3 sizes in steel or These plants (with the exception of the an endless variety of woodland ferns. If plastic. escapee that finds the untended life ill the conditions are right, gentians, dutchman's­ Rose Arbors & wild to its likiFlg) are not found growing breeches and Hepatica may be found as in the wild. However, they originate from well, while areas where the sun peers Carden Arches wild species, and these anc€stors can often through the trees may contain the crimson­ With these classic tell you quite a bit about a species' or ge­ red blooms of cardinal flower. Areas in English arches you can build a wide variety nus's cultural preferences. the home garden that duplicate these con­ of garden structures Many of our garden favorites, such as ditions should be equally successful in for climbing roses, grapes, wisteria, peonies and bearded iris, originated from hosting these well-loved wildflow€rs. On clematis, etc. Strong steel tubing sealed in species that are native to other lands and the other hand, efforts to create these con­ weatherproof green thl!ls will FlOt be found growing wild in our ditions where they do not already exist plastic. Easily assembled . 8' tall woods and meadows. However, d€pend• often lead to disappointment. x 5' wide. ing on the time of year, a m€adow walk Before leaving the woods, note that the Call or write for FREE INFORMATION PACKAGE can introduce you to wild fleabanes, rud­ natural setting in which these lovely plants beckias, coreopsis, heleniums, a multitude grow also contributes to the overall beauty • The of asters and a stunning variety of golden­ of the scene. Fallen branches and leaf litter Kinsman rods. When you come across these plants cover the ground in a haphazard manner or others that catch your fancy, take a that complements both the appearance and Company moment to study th€ conditions under the character of the wildflowers in a way River Road (Dept . 911) Point Pleasant, PA 18950 (215) 297·5613 which they are growing. [s the meadow that no litter-free, wood chip-mulched en­ dry or moist? Which plants seem to pro- vironment can. [n addition, such a setting

12 June 1986 The Greenleaf Sprayers High technology brought down to earth.

The Greenleaf Garden Sprayer is a Corrosion-proof tanks are easily Try the Greenleaf Garden high-tech horticultural tool from removed to make changing chemicals Sprayer for 30 days. If during Greenleaf Technologies. and cleanup a snap. Use ext ra tanks or that time you aren't completely your own containers to prevent all satisfied, return It for a full long-running, rechargeable possibility of contamination and to pre­ refund. No questions asked. power and electronic on/off mix exact quantities of chemicals switching guarantee precise, always needed . even application of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers for your Two models-2 1/2 gal. and 5 gaL -are shrubs, vegetables and flowers. lightweight and go where you go. Carry the 21/2 gal. model by hand. Its high No more hand pumping. No more handle and balanced configuration are pressure drop-off. No more costly easy-going ergonomic design. chemicals wasted by residual pressure. The 5-gal. model is standard on its own All because the Greenleaf Garden big-wheel cart. Push it, pull it or tow it Sprayer is three times better: with a garden tractor. Stow it easi ly. (504)892-4272 1. Greenleaf's cordless, rechargeable power pack ... ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• = PLEASE RUSH ME: 2. ... runs a quiet, pollution­ A FREE COMPLETE INFORMATION PACKET free electric pump that delivers constant flow pressure ... • ___ A 2112 Qal. Greenleaf Garden Sprayer@ $246.50 plus $12 shippinQ • ___ A 5 Qal. Greenleaf Garden Sprayer @ $279.50 plus $1 2 shippinQ 3. ... through Greenleaf's • exclusive electronic on/off button on the spray wand for • Name ______Phone ______Instant spraying, Instant cutoff. • Address ______Control aphids, slugs, weevils, red • City ______State ______Zip __ spider mites, rodents, molds, fungi, viruses, weeds and more with this • Enclosed is my: 0 personal check 0 MasterCard 0 VI SA rugged, portable, high quality = Cardholder's Name ______Authori zed Signature ______Instrl:lment. • Card # ______E xp. Date Mo. ______yr.__ Equipped with three nozzles for • Make check payable to: mists, sprays and streams. Accepts a wide variety of other readily •• GREENLEAF TECHNOLOGIES available nozzles. An agitation kit for P.O. BOX 364 wet'ible powder sprays is optional • MANDEVILLE. LOUISIANA 70448 equipment. • AH. GARDEN HINTS

offers insight into the soil -nutrient-pl ant li es in their adaptability to specific growing bine is less comfo rtable in this setting, and relationships that enabl e these plants to conditions-for example, cardinal flo wer butterfly weed can become lank and a ha­ fl ouris h. For example, the decaying layer to a moist, sunny spot ; butterfl y weed to ven for aphids. of debris helps keep the soil cool and moist, a dry, sunny spot; and wild columbine to If you desi re greater va ri ety in the pl ants and improves the soil 's texture while slowly a rocky, shady Sp9t. Nati ve plants that are you will be using, your excursions through releasing a steady supply o f pla nt nu­ provided with conditions in the ga rden that woods and meadows can open your eyes trients. The pl ants prosper in this natural mirror those of their nati ve habitats will to pl ant species you may never before have setting without supplemental feedings of di splay their stamina and natural low­ considered to be o rna mentall y useful. 5 -1 0-5- something to keep in mind should maintenance characteristi cs, and can be Heading the list of the often-neglected or­ yo u choose to grow them at home. enj oyed for years to come. namentals a re the goldenrods (So lidago When brought into our gardens, native Of course, there is no reason not to ex­ spp.), whose undeserve d reputati on as plants often lose their vigor because of our periment with these pl ants in order to see noxious weeds has limited their use in good intentio ns. Ove r-fed a nd over­ how far you can stretch their adaptability. American gardens. Overseas, however, our watered, these pl ants quickl y become tar­ Cardinal fl ower, for example, does very native goldenrods have been welcomed and gets for insects and diseases. Keep in mind well in a herbaceous border of well-worked hybridized into a coll ecti on of outstanding that their value as low-maintenance plants soil with moderate fertility. Wild colum- ornamentals. An autumn border of as ters, chrysanthemums and masses of golden­ yell ow goldenrods would complement any sunny, well-drained piece of ground. Another group of plants whose attrac­ Why it's safer to feed ti ve fl owers and adaptability to di fficult growing situati ons have onl y recently be­ gun to attract the attention of gardeners your~ts once in 9 months are th e milkweeds, In parti cul ar, the vivid orange flowers of the sun- and dry soil­ every 2 loving butterfl y weed are becoming more frequent residents of our gardens. Where moist soil s abound, I recommend the rosy­ pink and sweet-scented swamp milkweed. Bl ooming in mid- to late summer, it is the perfect companion to the vibrant red, sum­ mer-fl owering cardi nal fl ower. Butterfl y lovers should note that our common milk­ weed, Asclepias syriaca, is the favored food of the monarch butterfl y'S larvae. How­ ever, milkweeds are poisonous to many With most plant foods, 'fry Osmocote®4-month farm animals and should be kept out of your plants are overfed for annuals, 9-month pastures used for grazing. one week. And starved for perennials. 6-month Yet another neglected group of nati ve the next. No matter how lawn food and Agriform pl ants are th e mulleins. Their preference careful you are. Ifs that 2-year tablets for trees for a sunny, well -drained site makes them feast-and-famine cycle that and shrubs. They're ve ry useful in gardens where water is at a affects your plants' health. bound to grow on you. premium. The fl owers o f the common Thafs why ifs safer to mullein are inconspicuous, but the pl ant's feed plants once every several fu zzy gray foli age, which cl osely resembles months. With Osmocote~ that of lamb's-ears (S tachys byzantina), is Just one application keeps ve ry attractive. The showy yell ow fl owers, feeding your plants gently and on spikes up to three fe et tall , make the steadily for months, continuously releasing the nutrients your plants moth mullein a ve ry desirabl e mid- to late­ need. More like Mother Nature does. summer bloomer. And because they're getting steady A walk in the open woods and aban­ nurturing, they respond with natural, doned meadows of the Northeast during healthy growth you can see. midsummer will often provide yo u with the opportunity to collect handfuls of tangy­ sweet blueberries from the ground-hug­ Osmocote ~ ging lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium an­ gustifolium. Thi s ve rsatil e plant can be Continuous feeding month after month. found in moist depressions or clinging to © 1986 Sierra Chemical Company, Milpitas, CA 95035 rocky grou,nd where soil is sparse. An at­ tracti ve, deciduous ground cover, it re-

14 Ju ne 1986 lorentine Craftsmen has been the leading maker of Fdistinctive, individual outdoor furniture and fountains for grettabl y loses its ripening berries in drier over sixty years. terrain if summer rain is scarce. An acid soil , preferabl y ri ch in organi c materi al, and a full day of sun will keep the lowbush blueberry happy. If acid soil with a rea­ SQUIRREL FOUNTAIN sonabl y generous amount o f o rgani c mat­ Watch your favorite feathered friends as they ter is avail abl e, other native eri caceous flock to bathe and shower in this delightful ground covers are also worth a try, in­ Squirrel fountain complete with its own cluding the moisture-l oving bog rosemary re-circulating pump. (Andromeda polifolia) a nd bog la urel Made of lead , '37 " high , (Ka lmia poliifolia). If the soil is we ll drain ed, available in old lead color or try bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). Pompeian green. And if yo ur walks take yo u through a moist Price: $950. woods with acid soil in spring, keep your FOB New York eyes open for the soft pink, fragrant flow­ ers of trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens) and the sma ll but fa miliar fl owers of the dog­ wood fa mil y's diminutive member, bun ch­ berry (Comus canadensis). If you have been taking notes as you walk , you will have coll ected the sort of in fo rmatio n that will enable you to rec­ ogni ze which pl ants will be most li kely to thrive in the va ri o us corners of your own garden. You ca n now match nati ve plants that you kn ow firsthand with their pre­ ferred spots in your ya rd, and enj oy those almost ca refree qualities that few non­ native pl ants can offer. O r, you may want to in vesti gate the cultiva ted va rieti es of those now-fa miliar nati ve species mo re full y. In either case, you w ill have a much better appreciation fo r how different pl ants will TREE OF LIFE be likely to respond to the cultural con­ WALL FOUNTAIN ditions fo und within your garden. A tree for all seasons When planting time comes around, keep whose burgeoning in mind that w here you get yo ur pl ants is branches and leaves radiate the essence of just as impo rtant as correctly matching the vitality and life. Water pl ants to their new home. G iv en that nati ve spouts from the beaks stands of many wildflowers are dwindling of small birds into the away because o f over-coll ecting and hab­ scalloped basin. An in­ itat des truction, it is both thoughtless and spired ornament for destructi ve fo r gardeners to uproot these terrace, patio or garden. pl ants fro m their natura l surroundings Ready for immediate (unless, o f course, the pl ants are growing operation with recircu­ on a site soon to fall under the bulldozer lating pump. Made of and can be coll ected with the landowner's wrought iron , lead and heavy aluminum. permission). Preserving these plants in their 24" wide x 47" high. native habitats should be a priority for all gardeners. Gardeners can work toward this Price: $1,350. FOB New York goal by (a mong other things) suppo rting the growing number of nurserymen who propagate rather than collect native pl ants for sale to home gardeners. Such res pon­ Send $3. for catalogue AH-5 of our complete line. sible buying will help to ensure that wild colonies of nati ve plants will be around to educate the gardeners o f the future. 0 -Michael B. Trimble M ichael B. Trimble is a gardener and writer li ving in Rhinebeck, New Yo rk.

American Horticulturist 15 People

The following is a condensed version of tion of the first oxygen-breathing forms of discovered that it was more efficient to Mr. Lewis' Keynote Address, presented at life. Thus, plants became the background remain in one place to cultivate his food, the American Horticultural Society's 40th for the unfoldililg drama of evolution and and agriculture was born. Agriculture, Annual Meeting (September 11-15,1985) the emergence of higher forms of life. which assured an adequate food supply, in Chicago, Illinois. The development of new life forms pro­ in turn allowed for the development of ceeded slowly. If new types appeared that industry. undreds of millions of years ago, were well adapted to the particular envi­ Nature not only provided for man's forces were set in motion that ul­ ronment of that time, they survived. Mil­ physical well-being, but also helped shape H timately led to the appearance of lions of combinations were tested, and only and nurture his mental abilities. The pri­ life on this planet. Somehow in that primal a minute number were successful. Life on mary task of our primitive ancestors was atmosphere, molecules joined together to earth today represents the residuum of all to survive, and thus to continue the species. form the most primitive of life forms. Green those trials. They learned their lessons through trial plants appeared first, inhabiting this planet Interactions between humans and plants and error from the green environment that long before our predecessors appeared. have occurred at both physical and mental surrounded them. They learned how to Plants were able to thrive in the primal levels throughout the centuries. From the solve problems and make sound judgments atmosphere, which was rich in carbon very beginning, man had to learn how to in life-threatening situations-what plants dioxide. It is believed that through their use plants to survive in his physical sur­ could be safely eaten, for example. Those growth and expansion, plants helped to roundings. First, he was a hunter-gatherer, who were astute learners survived; the increase the amount of oxygen in the at­ seeking out the fruits of the environment others, like the near-sighted monkey who mosphere, thereby permitting the evolu- wherever they could be found. Slowly, he missed the branch, disappeared. Modern

16 June 1986 Blessings and Curses BY CHARLES A. LEWIS

man is li vi ng proof of the success of the species in learning to cope with its chang­ ing environment. Today, however, the green plants that have nurtured man are themselves in need of protection. Increasingly, man has viewed the earth 's natural vegetation as an obsta­ cle to an expanding economy. He has lev­ eled and cleared entire forests, and the monocultural practices of modern agri­ culture have replaced ecological diversity. Industries and urban sprawl have carved their designs in the green ea rth. As a result, the plants that have been man's partners in the evolutionary jo urney a re now threatened and in danger of extincti on. There are 200,000 known species of flowering plants (a ngiosperms) and untold more that have not yet been discovered. Fully 10 percent-nearly 20,000 species­ are in need of protection. Only a small fra ction of the many plant species native to the tropical rain forests of the Amazon LEFf: Inner-city residents, such as these enthusiastic gardeners in Bronx, New York, benefit in have been discovered, yet each day 5,000 many ways from their experi ences wi th growing plants. City gardening programs have led to reduced vandalism and cleaner streets. ABOVE: Urban parks, such as Bryant Park in New acres of that precious ecological area are York City, provide settings where city-dwellers can be close to nature. Psychologists belive that destroyed. there is a close lin k between plants and the well -being of humans. City dwellers may be re­ Many national and international groups freshed, both physically and psychologically, after pausing to enjoy the trees and other vegeta­ have been formed to determine the extent tion in a park. to which plants are threatened. Some of these groups have published systematic at horticulture from a people-pl ant per­ People who are intimately involved with listings of endangered species. Ironicall y, spective. Plants are sought, discovered, a plant's growth experience plants in an the very listing of a plant as endangered propagated, bred, bought and sold not for entirely different way. In this case, the per­ can pose a threat to the plant itself. If a the benefit of plants, but rather to satisfy son is no longer simply an observer, but plant is considered rare, there will always the interests of people. (Remember, plants is directly responsible for the well-being of be someone who is willing to pay a high do not need people; people need plants.) the plant. If the plant wilts, the person price to obtain it. Today, there is a steady Horticulture, therefore, is a human activ­ waters; if it lacks vigor, he adds fertilizer and lively illicit trade in endangered species ity, an umbrella to bring together people or provides additional light, and so on of plants. Rare cacti are ripped from the who have an interest in plants. through the many nurturing activities. By desert, while sundews, Venus's-flytraps and Plants enter into human experience in close observation, a gardener learns to un­ pitcher plants are purloined to satisfy the two ways. First, we observe plants as they derstand each plant's responses as a kind wants of gardeners. (For more information appear in parks, in gardens, along streets of language by which the plant signals its on this subject, see "Native Plants and the or in vacant lots. Thus, our first impression needs. The long, intimate encounter be­ Nursery Trade" on page 27.) is visual; we see the plants with our eyes. tween person and plant often leads to sub­ Overwhelmed by challenges of survival, Then, the image is transmitted to our brain, jective personal feelings. When the plant contemporary man has failed to see the decoded and recognized. Finally, we ex­ grows, the gardener feels successful and value of plants in the technological world­ perience feelings about the vegetation and proud. If it does not grow, he feels sad or especially the subtle ways in which plants landscape we see-pleasure, displeasure, perhaps even angry. can help us endure the polluted and over­ awe, fear, fascination, to name a few. Our Horticulture may therefore be seen as a crowded world we have created. Unfor­ accumulated interpretations correspond to kind of process. It includes all the thoughts, tunately, we have come to view plants not the personal meaning we might find in a actions and responses that take place from as an integral part of our lives, but as ob­ given tree or landscape. However, in this the time the gardening activity is first con­ jects separate from people. mode of experience, person and plant are templated, through planting and the growth One way to learn to see plants within still separated, and any feelings involved of the seed, to the mature plant. At each the context of human experience is to look are the result of visual contact. stage, the process presents the ga rdener

American Horticulturist 17 Plants possess life-enhancing qualities that encourage people to respond to them. . . . They are li"ing entities that respond directly to the care that is gi"en them, not to the intellectual or physical capacities of the gardener.

derived from gardening, and provided them of Medicine, notes in his article "Man's with two categories of choices: horticul­ Psychic Needs for Nature" that "an en­ tural (for example, "I enjoy growing new vironment of ugliness, dilapidation, dir­ plants") and personal (for example, "the tiness, over-built space, and lack of natural feeling of peacefulness in the garden"). Over surroundings confirms the negative self­ 60 percent of the respondents chose appraisal a person may have developed "feeling of peacefulness" and "source of through other contacts with society. Self­ tranquility" as the most important reasons esteem is the keystone to emotional well­ for gardening. For them, human rewards being; a poor self-appraisal, among other were more important than horticultural factors, determines how one treats his sur­ benefits. roundings and how destructive he will be toward himself and others. These factors Urban Gardening set up a vicious circle that is difficult to Gardening projects in low-income areas break." are a good example of how the horticul­ How does gardening enhance self-es­ tural process enhances the quality of life. teem? The gardener takes on a responsi­ Participation in such programs regularly bility when he grows a plant, because the results in the gardeners' enhanced self-es­ plant's future is dependent on the garden­ teem and new neighborliness, as well as er's ability to provide the right conditions improved yards, buildings and neighbor­ for growth. Each day as the gardener tends hoods. Gardeners in city programs across his garden, he observes the plant growing the country have reported sharing their in response to his care. After awhile he flowers, vegetables and themselves. Re­ identifies with his garden and builds a per­ ports indicate that the presence of the gar­ sonal relationship with it. The garden be­ with opportunities for personal involve­ dens has led to reduced vandalism and comes an extension of himself, a highly ment. Thus, a part of the human spirit is cleaner streets. visible representation of his individuality. invested in the gardening process. Decid­ In Philadelphia's inner city, a successful When a plant blooms, he has brilliant evi­ ing to grow a plant, design a garden or window box garden contest-begun in dence of his success. He also soon becomes sow a seed creates mental expectations of 1953 by Louise Bush-Brown-Ied to the aware that perhaps hundreds of people he what the garden will look like. Because of formation of the Neighborhood Garden does not know pass by each day and enjoy the time required for plants to grow, the Association (NGA). For any block in which his garden. All of these factors enhance his gardener must wait for his reward until 85 percent of the residents agreed to plant self-image and help to create self-esteem. the seed germinates and the plant grows and maintain window boxes for two years, The gardener, feeling better about himself, and finally blooms. The quality of the per­ NGA provided contact with a garden club, also feels better about where he lives. son-plant experience is dependent on the which, in turn, provided plants to help Plants possess life-enhancing qualities gardener'S degree of personal involvement start the window boxes. Soon, colorful that encourage people to respond to them. and on the success of the horticultural flowers appeared on the inner-city blocks, In a judgmental world, plants are non­ project. and neighbors banded together to clean up threatening and non-discriminating. They In 1972, the American Horticultural So­ streets and whitewash curbs, front steps are living entities that respond directly to ciety, with the support of a grant from and windowsills. At the same time, vacant, the care that is given them, not to the in­ Mrs. Enid A. Haupt, launched the People­ debris-laden lots were converted into play­ tellectual or physical capacities of the gar­ Plant Program to investigate and call at­ grounds and gardens. These activities were dener. In short, they provide a benevolent tention to the kinds of benefits that are not part of the program, but were spon­ setting in which a person can take the first derived from gardening. Three years later, taneous and somehow inspired by the steps toward confidence. under the leadership of Dr. Rachel Kaplan, presence of the window boxes. The pro­ In addition, plants communicate mes­ Environmental Psychologist at the Uni­ gram, now supported by the Pennsylvania sages to those who tend them. Their growth versity of Michigan, the program initiated Horticultural Society, continues in over 100 is steady and progressive, not erratic. The a survey to study the kinds of satisfaction Philadelphia blocks. gardener observes a continuous, predict­ and benefits that people find in gardening. The presence of gardens in poor urban able process of change from seedling to Over 4,000 Society members completed areas, then, can have a positive effect on mature plant, and sees that change need survey forms, and many also sent letters the residents and their self-esteem. Dr. Ed­ not be disruptive. These patterns are dif­ noting the details of their personal gar­ ward Stainbrook, former Chairman of the ferent from those of our technological dening experiences. The survey asked the Department of Human Behavior at the society, in which the flow of life is con­ respondents what kinds of satisfaction they University of Southern California's School stricted by schedule and regulation, and

18 Jun e 1986 LEFT: Plants and people clog a city street in New York City's flower district. ABOVE: A rooftop garden in New York City provides a spot of color in an otherwise barren environment.

must change rapidly to accommodate minds through the use of plants. In hos­ regain touch with reality. distractions. pitals, geriatric centers, schools for the Success in growing plants can also pro­ Finally, plants take away some of the mentally disadvantaged, drug rehabilita­ vide the patient with hope in dealing with anxiety and tension we experience by tion centers and prisons, the process of other areas in his life. Howard Brooks, showing us that there are long, enduring horticulture helps to heal physical, mental former therapist at the Institute of Reha­ patterns in life. It takes time for a cutting and social disabilities. bilitation Medicine in New York City, also to grow roots, for a seed to germinate or Many aspects of horticulture have proven sees great value in horticultural therapy: for a leaf to unfold. Plants respond visibly beneficial to mentally or physically dis­ "There will be some patients who will be to the sun in its daily course, and signal tressed patients. According to Andrew difficult to reach and motivate. Working the change of seasons. These rhythms in Barber, former horticultural therapist at with plants may provide an impetus and plants were biologically set by the same the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas, initiate a response. Something as simple as forces that set human biological clocks. An " Germination of seeds, vegetative growth, the growth of roots of a cutting suspended oak tree has looked like an oak tree for flowering and maturation have close par­ in a glass of water or a bud preparing to thousands of years. There is a secure feel­ allels in the basic concepts of human de­ open may provide the key. One of the great ing in knowing that a rose is a rose-at velopment. Common gardening tasks such advantages of gardening is that it is not a all times and in all places. as watering, fertilizing and protecting plants static activity; there is always something from bad weather have human connota­ happening-a new sprout, a shoot or leaf Horticultural Therapy tions. The physical structure of a green­ is forming, a flower is opening or fading One horticultural specialty that is based house has been likened to a mother's womb and has to be removed. Then the cycle on people-plant interactions is horticul­ and provides an atmosphere of security." begins all over again." According to Brooks, tural therapy, in which the goal is to help He observes that activities centering around for many severely incapacitated patients re-train and repair damaged bodies and the greenhouse have helped some patients who are totally dependent on others for

American Horticulturist 19 Nature matters to people. Big trees, small trees, glistening water, chirping birds, budding bushes and colorful flowers-these are important ingredients in a good life.

assistance, having a living thing depend on them for care and sustenance can give them the will to go on and an interest in the future.

Plants and City Dwellers In addition to helping patients, plants can play an important role in helping city dwellers cope with their environment. At great effort and expense, we bring nature into the city not only in the form of parks and gardens, but also as an integral part of buildings. The integration of plants and buildings is not a new idea. Babylon had its hanging gardens, and Victorian England found expression in schemes for landscaped roof­ tops and interiors. Today's buildings attest to our increasingly strong desire to bring plants more intimately into our lives. Ex­ amples abound, ranging from potted plants in offices to more ambitious endeavors. Within the Ford Foundation Building in New York, for instance, is a garden en­ closed with glass walls 11 stories high, so that office workers can look out on the garden from all sides. At Fermilab in Il­ linois, the IS-story Administration Build­ ing focuses inward on its atrium court, a garden of trees and fountains. One of the best examples of integration of plants and structures is in Moline, Il­ linois, at the Administrative Center of the John Deere Corporation. The building, which is located in a wooded area, was designed with an indoor garden extending through the center. Bridges cross the gar­ den to connect office floors. The setting is open, without office partitions, and each worker has a clear view of either indoor or outdoor vegetation.

Research Results In recent years, several groups of scientists have begun to look closely at the relation­ ship between man and plants. The re­ searchers are primarily from two disci­ plines: psychology and geography. Roger Ulrich, a geographer at the Uni­ versity of Delaware, has been particularly interested in learning how settings that in­ ABOVE: The Administrative Center of the John Deere Corporation has an indoor garden that clude vegetation relieve stress. In one study, extends through the center of the building, providing a clear view of vegetation to workers in inner offices. LEFT: Freeway Park in Seattle, Washington, combines water, trees and tranquil­ Ulrioh measured the emotional state of two ity in an urban setting. groups of students who had just completed

20 June 1986 wilderness to be restorative. A day in the woods ca n be both physically and psy­ chologica ll y refreshing. If vegetation is restorative and rehabil­ itative, then how much of it is needed to be effective in the city? Psychologist Stephen Kaplan has specu lated about "mi­ cro-restorative" env ironments-that is, small er settings from which we can gain restorativ e benefits. Such settings might in­ clude city parks or city gardens, for ex­ ample. These public and private places can serve as small settings in which one can pause and feel refreshed. Specific examples of successful restorative environments in­ an exam and were expressing some anx­ to provide needed economic substantia­ clude Paley Park in New York, and Free­ iety. Both groups viewed slides that had tion fo r planting and maintaining vege­ way Park in Seattl e, both of which com­ been carefully selected and evalu ated for tation in human environments. bine water, trees and tranquility. Such their content. One group was shown na­ In a related study, Professor Rachel settings provide a rest for the overworked ture scenes, while the other viewed urban Kaplan examined the feelings of residents mental faculty that must screen out the scenes. Psychological tests repeated after of clustered, multifamily housing about extraneous sights and sounds of the city, the slides were shown indicated that the where they li ved. She asked residents how and thus help us to better function in the emotional state of the students who viewed they liked the building and its surround­ demanding urban setting. slides showing vegetation was significantly ings, and what they thought about the other The above examples lead to the ines­ improved; those students shown urban residents. Occupants who had a view of capable conclusion that there is a close link scenes felt somewhat worse. The results trees or had vegetation nearby rated the between plants and the well-being of hu­ suggest that the sight of vegetation en­ building and the neighbors much higher mans. Trees, flowers, shrubs, vines and hances the viewer's psychological well­ th an those whose occupants' windows lawns all have very subtle effects on our being. looked out on busy streets and power lines. lives that can be measured and studied. One of the most striking of Ulrich's Kaplan and other psychologists have We have discovered that the very presence studies was carried out in a hospital. The consistently found that people prefer scenes of vegetation-whether along city streets, geographer selected two rooms that were that include vegetation. Given a choice of in parks or in wilderness settings-can be the same except for the windows. In one an urban setting without any vegetation restorative. room, the window looked out on trees, and one with a few trees, people selected According to Rachel Kaplan, "Nature while in the other, the window looked out the setting with trees. Some researchers matters to people. Big trees, small trees, on a brick wall. Ulrich compared the re­ believe that these present-day landscape glistening water, chirping birds, budding covery rates of patients who had under­ preferences are rooted in primitive man's bushes and colorful flowers-these are im­ gone the same surgical procedure and were preference for those settings that helped portant ingredients in a good life. To have staying in the selected rooms. He found him to survive. For example, when people these available only rarely, when and if that those patients in the room with a view are given a choice of landscapes, they select one can afford to leave the city, deprives of trees required less medication to relieve a setting with open trees and an opening people of tranquility and spiritual suste­ pain, were released from the hospital ear­ beyond-a safe place for primitive man. nance." We have been blessed by the pres­ lier, and had a more positive attitude than They also prefer the path that curves out ence of living plants. Yet we have been a those in the room with a view of the brick of sight. Such a path not only has potential curse, depleting the green diversity of this wall. Furthermore, patients with a view of for providing new information, but it also planet. It is time we acknowledge the role trees had slightly fewer post-surgical com­ invites us to be involved in the landscape of plants in our lives. Indeed, following plications as compared with patients whose and to explore what lies beyond. the green path may very well be the key room viewed the wall. Such studies are Today, although many of us live in cit­ to peace and tranquility in the world. 0 important because the results produced by ies, there is a part of us that still responds this kind of research can be translated into as though we lived a primitive life in the Charles A. Lewis is Horticulturist and economic terms. Health and health care forest. In fact, people now travel great dis­ Administrator of the Coll ections Program at the Morton Arboretum in Lisle, Illinois. He is have a dollar value, and city councils can tances to be in close contact with nature. also a charter member and former board more readily understand dollar values than Backpackers, hikers and campers often find member of the N ational Council for Therapy aesthetic ones. This kind of research begins the experience of matching wits with the and Rehabilitation Through Horticulture.

American Horticulturist 21 TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY PAMELA HARPER

have written before about Harland ma's sinuous, light green or wheat-gold Hand's California garden, with its 60- hills. But the main source of inspiration I foot-wide planter-faced cliff, 12 paved was the Silver Lake area of the Sierras, "rooms," 15 seats and ledges, 19 pools where pale gray granite and dark vegeta­ and over 200 boulder-like steps, all fit­ tion intermingle in a scene of two-tone ted-without crowding-into a half-acre grandeur. What Harland finds so exciting hillside site, with the city of El Cerrito about the Silver Lake region is the strength immediately below, and beyond it, a pan­ of the lines of the rocks found there: "So oramic view of San Francisco Bay. (See "A powerful, yet their surface smooth and del­ Garden Work of Art" in the April 1983 icately tooled." His garden was designed issue of American Horticulturrist.) Fitting as a similar mosaic of dark and light, so much into half an acre requires a sound embellished with color and a wealth of knowledge of design principles. The short­ plants. It is structured in concrete, which est distance between two points is a straight is the only available, affordable and ma­ line, but a garden is not a superhighway. nipulable material capable of being sculpted In this garden, winding paths greatly stretch to resemble the granite formations in the the apparent space. Sierras. Harland Hand's garden was inspired by In creating the garden, Harland sought the flowing lines and strongly contrasting to capture not only what is seen in nature, colors characteristic of the region-for in­ but also what is felt. He doesn't speak of stance, by the dark domes of valley oaks, paths, wal'\s, terraces and vistas, but rather which seem black in contrast to Califor- of trails, shelters and overlooks, which he

22 June 1986 considers expressive of instinctive human needs. The shelter offers safety and soli­ tude. The overlook is a vantage point, a place with a view. The trail satisfies our need to explore, and is far more satisfying when it winds sufficiently to conceal what is just around the bend, and permits the visitor to return by a different route. The garden'S " room" theme is not new; it can be seen in many English gardens, notably Hidcote and Sissinghurst. In those gardens, however, rooms are structured like those of a house, surrounded by walls or wall-like hedges, and entered through doors or archways. Harland's approach is different, and takes its lead from nature. Islands of trees and shrubs are used to define the spaces, and all lines-following nature's example-are curved and flow­ ing. This beautiful spot resembles a Jap­ anese garden (inspired by similar moun­ tain scenery), but with far more color and plant variety. This is a plantsman's garden. Harland refutes the suggestion that a gardener can have either a good design or a large col­ lection of plants, but not both. His garden proves that such a marriage can be made to work. In this case, the design came first, but was always created with the intention of providing a setting for plants. Hundreds of specimens now grow on Harland's

ABOVE: Harland Hand in the Sierras. His gar­ den was inspired by the contrast berween dark and light and the breathtaking scenery of the Silver Lake region in the Sierras. FAR LEFT: A granite mountain pool in the Sierras that was sculptured by the elements. LEFT: Tree fern fronds are mirrored in the water of a pool in Harland Hand's garden. The pool, which was sculptured in concrete, is poised like its moun­ tain counterpart on the edge of a cliff. Garden rooms and distant pools can be seen_ in the " valley" below.

American Horticulturist 23 property: trees, shrubs, vines, perennials, In the garden, dark green thyme (Thy­ annuals, bulbs, ferns and grasses. Harland mus serpyllum) and flowerless chamomile has taken full advantage of the benign cli­ (Chamaemelum nobile 'Treneague') form mate by including such exotics as orchids, nearly black, free-form patterns on the kangaroo-paws (Anigozanthos f!avidus ), concrete paving. In the Sierras, I saw sim­ Spanish-shawl (Heterocentron elegans), and ilar patterning-where water seeped over bird-of-paradise tree (Strelitzia nicolai). pale gray granite, and again, where dark­ Plants are not allowed to obscure the de­ leaved manzanita (Arctostaphylos) was sign. Over-exuberant growth is controlled spread-eagled over smooth, pale rock, and by pruning and, when necessary, by re­ yet again, where conifer needles had caught moval. Some part of the garden is always and rotted to a dark brown duff in hollows being reworked, a continual process that between rocks. Which of these features was is viewed not as a chore but as an oppor­ mimicked in the garden? All, and none. tunity to tryout new ideas and introduce The garden developed from multiple new plants. impressions that were absorbed and rein­ When I wrote about the garden before, terpreted. For example, dwarf chaparral I had not seen Harland's wellspring of in­ broom (Baccharis pilularis) trailing over a spiration, the Sierras. In the late summer rock in the mountain might, in the garden, of 1983, we planned a trip together to the become a pink-bobbled shawl of Polygo­ Winnemuca Trail-"the most exciting, num capitatum flung over a concrete bench. uniquely beautiful place I've seen," says On our hike, we came to a plateau where Harland. It wasn't an easy trip to plan. At all was gray, except for the odd blue lu­ that high elevation-9,000 feet-snow lies pine. The silvery, incised leaves of artem­ deep and remains on the ground late into isia flowing over and around the rock summer; in mid-August, it was still too provided textural contrast. The serenity of deep to make the excursion feasible. We this gray-on-gray theme is echoed in Har­ took a chance and made reservations at a land's garden by the tiny leaves of snow­ mountain lodge for early September. I in-summer (Cerastium tomentosum) and awoke the first day to pouring rain, a the larger, velvety leaves of lamb's-ears howling wind and no electricity-not an (Stachys byzantina), which fill and soften auspicious beginning. the joints between paving and vertical Luck was with us, however; the next structures. day was perfect for a mountain hike. It After experiencing the calm of the gray was nearly windless, the temperature was plateau, we came upon brilliant, exciting a comfortable 65° F, and the sky was blue color, where Indian paintbrush (Castilleja) but with enough puffs of cottony cloud to turned an entire slope to scarlet. I felt cer­ be photogenic and, given patience, to ob­ tain that one particular large, smooth scure the sun briefly when shadowless pic­ boulder with a clump of Castilleja at its tures were wanted. We had to pick our base must have been the model for a look­ way through occasional patches of snow, alike concrete bench in the garden, with but most of it had melted up to 9,000 feet. orange Aloe striata planted nearby. But we We didn't know then just how lucky we were to see many more of nature's benches were; a few days after our visit, winter set that might just as easily have been the model. ABOVE: Dark water creates a pattern against in and the snow began to fall again. A raised concrete pool in Harland's gar­ gray granite in the Silver Lake region of the As we climbed, I was struck immediately den clings precipitously to the edge of a Sierras. TOP: In the garden, patches of creep­ by scenes that were reminiscent of Har­ cliff. It was exciting to find its mountain ing thyme (Thymus serpyllum) contrast with gray concrete to create a similar light-and­ land's garden. Tufts of brilliant yellow counterpart. How long had it taken the dark theme. BOTTOM RIGHT: A Sierran buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum) wind and rain and frost and snow to fash­ mountain " room" carpeted with golden grass. growing between smooth-surfaced gray ion this age-old sculpture? The rim bore a TOP RIGHT: A garden room in Harland granite slabs seemed to be nature's version dark, wet stain, bringing to mind the dark Hand's garden, planted with Aurinia saxatilis, Thymus serpyllum and Aloe striata hybrids. of the yellow alyssum (Aurinia saxatilis) stain of wire vine (Muehlenbeckia axil­ in the garden's concrete paving, and tus­ laris) flowing over the rim of one of the socks of brown grass at the base of boul­ garden's raised pools. Seat and pool were ders brought to mind brown sedges (Carex combined in another mountain sculpture, spp.) alongside concrete garden seats. Fern­ where one end of a large, flat rock had frond shadows, black against pale gray rock, somehow been hollowed out. had the same etched effect as the fronds Despite the bitter winter cold, these of tree ferns in the garden seen against gray mountains are brilliant with flowers in sky at dusk. The hardier mountain coun­ summer. For low-growing, winter-dor­ terpart of the ruby-tinted jellybean sedum mant plants, deep snow acts as a kind of (Sedum x rubrotinctum) found in Har­ life preserver. But not for the conifers. land's garden could be seen emerging from Skeletons of dead trees are one of the beau­ moist niches at the leeward base of a gran­ ties of the mountains. As we walked, we ite ledge. noticed the bleached trunks, which gleamed

24 June 1986 by a wall of smooth rock and carpeted with a shag rug of golden grass. What a magical place this would be for a child to play! I thought. The structures bore an amazing resemblance to those made of concrete in the garden. The trail wound on. A snow-capped mountain lay ahead, and down it tumbled a mountain stream; the splash of water was audible from where we stood. Often I have stood by the "stream" of Echeveria rosettes flowing across a slope in Har­ land's garden, imagining it to be a gentle brook purling over pebbles. Now imagi­ nation's eye and ear could also envision it as rushing white water. By mid-afternoon, it was time to turn back. So much still lured us on, but the trail had not always been easy to find, and we had to be off the mountain before dark. Going back, we were both absorbed in our in the bright sunshine and looked as if they I backpacked my cameras, while Har­ own thoughts. Dinner was similarly silent, had been sculpted in silver. Each was land carried lunch. We sat down on boul­ but eaten with good appetite and with much unique: twisted, contorted and huddled der seats to eat, and tried to identify the food for thought. ~ low; antler-like; slender and bowed by snow flowers that surrounded us. Far below, a into an arch that framed a view. Some were lake-shrunken to pool size by distance­ American Horticultural Society members will denuded of branches and remained stiffly reflected the blue of the sky. Five lakes tour Harland Hand's remarkable garden on a upright, like accusing fingers pointing at could be seen from the trail: Caples Lake, special optional tour to be held August 18, fol­ lowing the Society'S August 13-16 Annual the sky. In the garden, driftwood posts are Red Lake, Silver Lake, Frog Lake and Lake Meeting in San Francisco, California. For more used for similar effect, some as bare ver­ Winnemuca. The garden tops this number, information, write to Annual Meeting, Ameri­ tical accents, others softened with vines. with 19 pools. can Horticultural Society, P.O. Box 0105, Mount On one such garden post, the star-like, Of all we saw that day, perhaps the most Vernon, VA 22121. white-flowered Clematis 'Hentyi' is inter­ exciting was a complete "room" furnished Pamela Harper is the owner of the Harper twined with white wisteria. The effect is by nature, complete with couch, shelves, Horticultural Slide Library, and is a frequent ethereal at dusk. table and hassocks. The "room" was backed contributor to American Horticulturist.

American Horticulturist 25

AND THE NURSERY TRADE

BYJANESCOTT

he horror stories abound. A man If th e collector owns the land where the in North Carolina peddles wild pink plants are growi ng, or has an agreement T la d y's-s lippe rs, Cypripedium with the landowner, it is true that the di g­ acauie, from the back of a pickup truck. gin g ca n be regul ated so as not to deplete A Texas nursery pays Mexican workers a th e wi ld population. This is especiall y true nickel a plant to coll ect wi ld cacti from if some of th e plants that are taken are the Chihuahuan Desert. An exhibitor at a used as breeding stock (unless, of course, large flower show mentions in passing that th e demand far exceeds th e supply). How­ he is sending a truck out to collect Helonias ever, few suppliers of native plants have bullata. H. bullata, commonly called swamp such control over their sources. Many pink, is a bog-loving member of the lil y "suppliers" turn o ut to be local res id ents famil y, and is listed on the Federal Register in choice areas who are paid so much per as a candidate for Threatened or Endan­ planr by wholesalers. All too often, the gered status. At a commercial booth at the pl ants are simply stolen from public o r same flower show, a botanist finds a rare private land as the oppo rtunity arises. species of peyote, Lophophora williamsii. Choice si tes are dug over repeatedl y, and It is mislabeled, perhaps beca use it is il­ the populati ons of popul ar species in these legal. (Peyote contains a hallu cin ogen that areas soon disappear, forcing th e coll ec­ is included on the Food and Drug Admin­ tors to move farther and fa rther afield. Yet, istration's schedule of controlled sub­ according to William Brumback of the New stances.) This particular specimen is well England Wild Flower Society, each pop­ over 100 years old, yet forms a cushion ulation of a species is important to the 1 that measures only 3 / 2 inches across. survival of the entire species, especia ll y be­ ABOVE: Cactus rustlers in the western states Of course, not all nurseries are guilty of cause so much of our native flora is threat­ have driven many of our native species of such blatant plant rustling. Yet the fact ened by the continued destruction of hab­ cacti to the brink of extinction. Despite tight­ remains that a sizeable portion of the na­ itat by man and hi s activities. er trade restrictions, collection is still a seri­ tive North American species offered for The germ plasm represented by each ous problem in both this country and Mex­ ico. Here, piles of wild-collected Astrophytum sale through nurseries have been collected population of a species contributes to the myriostigma and Ferocactus latispinus await from the wild. Native plant nurse ries ac­ genetic wealth of the entire species. The sale in a south-Texas nurse ry. LEFT: Legisla­ quire plants in three ways: they propagate genetic diversity found in naturally occur­ tion has reduced collecting pressures to some them from seeds and stock plants obtained ring populations of a species provides ev­ degree, and an increasing number of nurseries from a variety of sources; they dig plants olutionary potential, thereby making it are propagating their own plants. Young nursery-grown plants-such as these Echino­ from the wild and sell them "as is"; or possible for the species to survive unex­ cereus, Neolloydia and Coryphantha seed­ they buy plants from wholesalers, who may pected changes in the environment. When lings-are frequently offered for sale in super­ or may not have collected them from the the number and the range of individual markets and specialty shops. wild. Thus, even a nurseryman who does populations decrease, the loss of genetic not " wild collect" himself may buy from diversity limits the potential for variation suppliers who do. and may eventually threaten the continued What impact does all this digging ac­ existence of the entire species. Often, when tually have on wild plant populations? In the number of individuals within a pop­ the case of woodland plants, many nurs­ ul ation falls below a critical number (called erymen claim that removing a few plants the genetic minimum) further decline is here and there does no permanent harm, inevitable. because they are not taking endangered Cultivated varieties, both by design and species, but rather plants that are abun­ by default, often have a different genetic dant in the wild. constitution than do their wild parents.

American Horticulturist 27 They ma y no longer be able to survive in th eir original habitat, or they may harbor hidden genetic weaknesses that make them vulnerable to environmental stress, such as insect attacks or disease. Because of their genetic uniformity, cultivars have less ev­ olutionary potential. (The original wild species is the only source of new genes that can improve or restore both wild popu­ lations and garden ones.) Taking "a few plants here and there" not only has long-term genetic conse­ quences, but also reaches alarming pro­ portions in some sections of the country. It has been estimated that well over 100,000 herbaceous plants are removed from the mountains of North Carolina and Ten­ nessee every year. Harry Phillips, the prop­ agator at the North Carolina Botanical Garden, believes this number has remained constant, even though many younger nurs­ erymen are now propagating their stock, because the older nurseries continue to dig as they always have. Over the years, this digging has exacted a significant toll. In many parts of North Carolina, the pick­ ings of choice species are now so slim that collectors have moved into Tennessee. In Arizona and New Mexico, the no­ torious cactus rustling that drove as much as 29 percent of our native-American cacti species to the brink of extinction has been slowed to some extent by legislation. However, in Texas, collectors are still dig­ ging cacti such as Echinocereus, Mam­ millaria, Epithelantha, Echinocactus and Ariocarpus by the thousands. Sometimes the excess plants are simply left to rot after being uprooted. Wild Mexican cacti also come through Texas, according to Doug­ las Fuller of the World Wildlife Fund. Growers on both sides of the border are involved in the Mexican bribery system known as "La Mordida" ("The Bite"), de­ spite the existence of an international treaty that is supposed to regulate trade. Sad to say, it is horticulturists who are partially to blame for this pressure to col­ lect. The number of species plants collected from the wild rises-and falls-according to the demand we gardeners place on nurs­ eries. (By species plants, I mean plants that are not cultivars or hybrids that have been ABOVE: Botanical gardens are an excellent source of propagated native plants. Here, a green­ specifically developed for garden use. Such house worker at the North Carolina Botanical Garden propagates sundews. Sundews are car­ nivorous plants, and many are threatened by collection. RIGHT: Horticulturists at the North "man-made" hybrids and cultivars must Carolina Botanical Garden propagate a wide variety of native species. be horticulturally propagated.) Obviously, much of the demand is created by the nurs­ out reputable nurseries who do their own mind that monocots (those flowering plants eries themselves, through catalogue ad­ propagating or purchase from nurseries who that generally have flower parts in mul­ vertisements and flower show exhibits. do so. We must also learn to make intel­ tiples of three, strap-like leaves and par­ However, this demand is abetted by en­ ligent decisions based on a knowledge of allel veins) are harder for nurseries to thusiastic articles in horticultural publi­ the plants themselves so that we can avoid propagate than are dicots. The woodland cations detailing gardeners' success with purchasing plants that were probably col­ species most vulnerable to digging for this native species or that. Clearly, it is our lected in the wild. commercial sale are members of two mon­ urgent responsibility as gardeners to seek In the case of woodland plants, keep in ocot families: the orchids, Orchidaceae,

28 June 1986 and the lilies, Liliaceae. Members of agation; that is, it reproduces the parent the World Wildlife Fund reports tighter both the iris family, or Iridaceae, and the plant's exact genetic make-up. Thus, al­ trade restrictions are beginning to relieve gentians, or Gentianaceae (a dicot fam­ though it can be used to produce plants the pressures on cacti by stimulating grow­ il y), follow close behind, according to that will help satisfy gardeners' demand ers to select and propagate desirable spe­ Paul Wiegman, Director of the Natural for plant species, it is of little value in pre­ cies. These growers are permitted to coll ect Areas Program for the Western Pennsyl­ serving the fu ll genetic diversity necessary breeding stock from the wild, and many vania Conservancy. for survival in the wi ld . This technique can of the young cacti now for sale in super­ Native terrestrial orchids are especiall y be helpful in rescuing a species in imminent markets and specialty shops have been threatened by wild coll ecting, and most danger of extinction. grown from seed or offsets. However, buy­ botanists seem to agree that inexperienced Carnivorous plants and cacti also con­ ers should view mature cactus plants, such gardeners should not attempt to grow these tinue to be seriously threatened by com­ as those used for landscaping, with sus­ plants. The reason is simple: terrestrial or­ mercial trade. Carnivorous plants grow in picion. In Arizona, it has been illegal to chids have never been propagated suc­ the wet, acidi c soi l of bogs and are gen­ remove such plants from the desert with­ cessfu ll y in the quantities necessary for erall y of more interest to plant collectors out a permit since 1976, but enforcement commercial trade, so plants offered for sale than to gardeners. Ironically, when a plant is difficult, and other states are not so care­ have probably been dug from the wi ld . such as Trillium grandiflorum is sold for ful. Mexican cacti continue to be dug in Nevertheless, orchids such as the lady's­ less than a dollar, it has probably been alarming quantities, and many of these slippers, Cypripedium spp., continue to be coll ected in the wild. In the case of car­ plants come through Texas, despite the advertised widely. To buy one is to con­ nivorous plants, this "price clue" works efforts of the Convention on International tribute to the species' unnecessary destruc­ the opposite way. According to Rob Sutter Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna tion in the wild. Furthermore, coll ected of the Plant Conservation Program of the and Flora (CITES), as well as a Mexican plants usually do not survive in the garden North Carolina Department of Agricul­ decree banning export of cacti for com­ for more than a few seasons, if at all. ture, coll ectors may pay $25 to $50 for an mercial purposes. Lady's-slippers, like most terrestrial or­ endangered species of pitcher plant that In general, native woody plants are less chids, depend on the presence of a group has been illegally dug, even though the likely to be dug from the wild than her­ of fungi found in acid soils, call ed mycor­ same plant can be propagated and sold for baceous plants, because they are usually rhizae, which live symbiotically with the about three dollars. In addition, the prop­ propagated from cuttings. Plants of the plants' roots. For the orchid to survive, agated plant is already adapted to cu lti­ Ericaceae, or heath family, are the excep­ both its needs and those of the fungi must vation and is far more likely to survive. tion. Ericaceous plants include (among be met, a very difficult assignment. Re­ The w ild populations of Venus ' s­ others) native azaleas, mountain laurel and search is being done on propagating ter­ fly trap, Dionaea muscipula, are protected trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens), a species restrials by asceptic seed cu lture (a method by law, but they, too, continue to fall prey that has been virtuall y eradicated in many used for tropical orchids), but so far, sup­ to unscrupulous coll ecting-in spite of the of its former sites because of over-collect­ plies of plants propagated in this way are fact that they also can be easily grown from ing. Mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, is almost nonexistent. seed. (It is worth noting that Venus's-f1y­ dug out of the southern Appalachians by Lilies are also threatened by coll ectors. trap is a native of temperate climates and the truckload because it roots so poorly The lily family includes such popular does not usually thrive in heated houses.) from cuttings. Nurserymen take seedling woodland plants as Trillium, trout lilies Recently, a Delaware botanist had a guest plants and grow them in containers, or or dog-tooth violets (Erythronium spp.), from Texas who, quite unknowingly, they cut down a mature plant and let it Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum biflorum), brought him a wild specimen of an en­ come back from the roots. Fortunately, bellworts (Uvu laria spp.) and wild hy­ dangered species of cactus, Coryphanta tissue culture propagation has proven to acinth (Camassia scilloides). Many are dug minima, as a house present. Fortunately, be an effective technique for mountain lau- in great quantities, principally because they are extremely slow to propagate from seed. For example, the seed of white trillium, Trillium grandiflorum, takes at least two years to germinate, and up to 10 years may pass before the plant reaches blooming size. It is no wonder, then, that these plants have been over-collected for generations; it sim­ ply makes no economic sense for nurseries to propagate them from seed. Sometimes mature plants can be divided, but division is too slow a process when one needs a supply of thousands. Tissue culture (the technique of repro­ ducing plants in quantiry from a small piece of meristem tissue) may relieve the com­ mercial pressure on such plants in the fu­ ture, but it still requires highly speciali zed skills and facilities. It is important to re­ member that tissue culture, although use­ ful for producing plants for the gardening public, is like any kind of vegetative prop-

American Horticulturist 29 Where to V'kite for Plant Conservation Information

Many different organiza­ has recently co-produced rwo educational Council also actively supports the enact­ programs on native plant issues: "Roots ment of plant-related legislation and over­ tions are involved in the fight of Life," in conjunction with the World sees their ·effective implementation. to save this country's rare and Wildlife Fund; and "Garland of Gen@ra­ • TRAFFIC (U.S.A.), World Wildlife Fund­ endangered native plants. tions," produced with the Center for Plant US, 1601 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Conservation. Washington, D.C. 20009. TRAFFIC The following is a partial list • National Wildflower Research Center, (U.S.A.) monitors trade in endangered spe­ of some of the national or­ 2600 FM 973 North, Austin, TX 78725. cies and CITES-listed species. This organ­ The Center conducts basic research on na­ ization has publications on a variety of ganizations. For more infor­ tive and naturalized plants and their cul­ trade-related topics and also publishes a mation on their programs, tivation. It also provides information on newsletter, TRAFFIC (U.S.A.). wildflower projects, programs and re­ please write to them at the search efforts across the country. Native Plant Societies addresses listed below. • National Council of State Garden Clubs, Gardeners who would like to join a native Operation Wildflower, 4401 Magnolia plant society in their state will want to Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Operation write for the New England Wild Flower • The American Horticultural Society, P.O. Wildflower is a National Council of State Society's list of native plant societies and Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. Garden Clubs program dedicated to the botanical organizations. The list, which is Through publication of the Endangered beautification of roadsides and other ap­ under constant revision, is available for Wildflowers Calendar, the American Hor­ proved sites and to public education about $1.00, including postage and handling. To ticultural Society is working to increase the application, preservation and propa­ order, write the New England Wild Flower public awareness of the plight of America's gation of our native wildflowers and grasses. Society, Inc., Garden in the Woods, Hem­ native plants. Calendar sales support the • The Nature Conservancy, 1800 North enway Road, Framingham, MA 01701. Society's Wildflower Rediscovery Project, Kent Street, Arlington, VA 22209. TNC a program that provides awards to indi­ uses a variety of strategies to protect native Nursery Sources for Native Plants viduals who rediscover populations of spe­ plants, including acquisition of land by For a list of nurseries that propagate their cies thought to be extinct in the wild. purchase or donation, protection through own plants, readers can request "Nursery • The Center For Plant Conservation, The easements, management agreements and Sources for Native Plants" from the Amer­ Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, participation in public lands protection. ican Horticultural Society, P.O. Box 0105, The Arborway,Jamaica Plain, MA 02130. • Office of Endangered Species, U.S. Fish Mount Vernon, VA 22121. The Center is a non-profit organization and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. The New England Wild Flower Society's devoted to building a living collection of 20240. The Office of Endangered Species publication, Nursery Sources: Native Plants America's most endangered plants in evaluates taxa of both plants and animals and Wild Flowers, is a summary of the member botanic gardens across the coun­ to decide which ones should be included Society's 1984 survey of 430 nurseries that try. The collection will be used for basic on the federal list of Endangered and deal in native plants. The booklet lists each research to determine cultural require­ Threatened Species. After a taxon has been nursery's answers to questions about stock ments of individual species and how to listed, the Office consults with federal source (percentage of stock that is prop­ care for those plants in the wild, as well agencies regarding the taxon, carries out agated, wild-collected and purchased from as for education and display. recovery actions, and works with states, unknown sources), wild orchid source, • Environmental Defense Fund, 1616 P private groups and individuals. stock type (seed, herbaceous, trees or shrubs Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. This In addition to general brochures on en­ and grasses), and nursery type (retail, organization works at both state and fed­ dangered species, the Office of Endangered wholesale or mail order). Nursery Sources eral levels to secure enactment of plant Species publishes Endangered and Threat­ is available for $3.50, including postage protection laws and @nsure their effective ened Wildlife and Plants (the current edi­ and handling, from the New England Wild implementation. tion was published January 1, 1986; 50 Flower Society, Inc., Garden in the Woods, • Federal Wildlife Permit Office, U.S. Fish CFR17.11 and 17.12) and Endangered and Hemenway Road, Framingham, MA and Wildlife Service, 1000 North Glebe Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of 01701. Road, Room 611, Arlington, VA 22201. Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or This office issues permits under the En­ Threatened Species; Notice of Review (50 Native Plants Book List dangered Species Act, as well as other laws, CFR part 17). Both publications are avail­ The American Horticultural Society has for "removing and reducing to possession" able free of charge. To order, write the prepared an annotated list of books on listed plants from lands under federal ju­ Publications Unit, 148 Matomic, U.S. Fish native plant topics. The list includes field risdiction. It also administers CITES by and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. guides as well as books on both garden­ issuing import and export permits, and is­ 20240. ing with native plants and environmental sues interstate commerce permits. • Plant Conservation Project, Natural Re­ issues. All of these publications are avail­ • Garden Club of America, 598 Madison sources Defense Council, 1350 New York able to Society members at AHS member Avenue, New York, NY 10022. The GCA Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. prices. To order the free "Native Plants strives to educate both its members and NRDC monitors horticultural trade in wild Book List" write to the American Horti­ the general public about endangered native plants, and works to improve legal pro­ cultural Society, P.O. Box 0105, Mount plants through a variety of programs. It tection for rare species in the trade. The Vernon, VA 22121.

30 June 1986 ori ented as they would be in nature-is suspect. O rdering through the mail pre­ sents a more difficult problem. Botanists and others have suggested setting up a na­ ti onal referral system that would li st co m­ merciall y propagated plants in nursery cat­ alogues and on pl ant labels. Until then, gardeners should use price-charged as a key, avoid plants that are known to be di fficult to propagate, and, if in doubt, ask the nurse ryman where the plants ori gi­ nated. In 1984, the New England Wild Flower Society asked 430 North American nurseries to li st the percentage of their stock that was coll ected from the wild (as op­ "o posed to stock that was propagated on the premises or bought from wholesalers). The ~c .2, responses of 193 nurseries have been pub­ " li shed in a booklet avail able to the public. ~" (See th e si debar on page 30 for informati on 6--...... ,;;,.,;i""' on how to order a copy.) The North Carolina Botanical Garden, like many other ga rd ens across th e country, sdls propa­ gated native pl ants to the general public. Sin ce 1980, North Carolina has had a law making it ill egal to trade in those spe­ rei, and selected cultivars are now begin ­ plants for our ga rdens. For instance, many cies that have been officiall y deemed most ning to appear in the trade. (For more in­ species in th e aster family (Compositae) in need of protection. Any nursery selling formation on the new mountain la urel are easy to grow from seed, and cultiva rs one or more of these species must certify cultivars, see " A New Look at Mountain have been selected and propagated specif­ that the pl ants have been horticulturall y Laurel," by Ruby Weinberg, in the June ica ll y for ga rden use . In fact, cultiva rs of propagated and that the nursery's supply 1984 issue of American Horticulturist. ) Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium), black-eyed is not dependent on wild plants. Eventu­ Native ferns of all species a re also dug Susans and goldenrod (So lidago) can all all y, there may be an entire network of for commercial sale, since their propaga­ be found in Engli sh and German ga rdens, certified nurseries th at would have to meet tion is slow. Fern spores must first develop where they add a touch of elegance and certai n propagation requirements before into a tiny plant ca ll ed a prothallu s before sophistication. The pea family (Legumi­ dealing in any native species. The public fertili zation can take place and the true nosae), the snapdragon family (Scrophu­ would then be urged to buy nati ve pl ants fern can grow. Some fern species are not lari aceae) and the evening primrose fa mily onl y from those nurseries. only widespread and persistent in the wild, (Onagraceae) also include many species that Inevitably, the question of " plant res­ but easily propagated by division. Others, are appropriate for garden use. When grown cue" or " salvage" comes up whenever gar­ however, are more vulnerable. Fern fan­ under ideal conditions, many of these field deners talk about growing nati ve pl ants. ciers should learn the differences between flowers develop into handsome specimen First, gardeners must understand that "sal­ the various species before buying pl ants pl ants. vage" does not mean rushing to a site about for their coll ections. In addition, Dr. Li ghty suggests that gar­ to be destroyed by a bulldozer and digging The Mount Cuba Center for the Study deners leave rare pl ants alone, unless they up pl ants to take home to private gardens. of Piedmont Flora is concerned with se­ are certain that the plant they are buying This form of rescue may be permissible for lecting attractive cultivars of native fl ora has been propaga ted by a nursery and that the more common species, but the sad fact that can eventually be introduced into the wild plants are not necessary to maintain is that no private garden in a country with nursery trade. (Ease of propagation is one the supply. Gardeners should select only as mobile a popul ation as ours can be con­ important factor in the selection process.) those species that are suited to their grow­ sidered a safe haven for rare pl ants. In The Director of Mount Cuba, Dr. Ri chard ing area, and should choose named cul­ addition, too often gardeners take such Lighty, offers several suggesti ons for ga r­ tivars whenever possible. (N a med culti­ action at the wrong time of year or without deners who want to grow native pl ants vars of wild pl a nts u sually must be a full understanding of the facts. Consider without harming wild populations. propagated vegetatively.) If cultivars do the case of the yellow lady's-slippers, First, he warns that nurseries often dig not exist, Dr. Lighty suggests buying a Cypripedium calceolus, that were " res­ even those woodland species that are easy maximum of one to three plants and di­ cued" from a piece of property about to to propagate, because so many of these viding them. This technique is often suc­ be developed near Pittsburgh. Actually, plants produce rel atively few seeds. Also, cessful if the gardener replants the divi­ there was no plan to build on the exact the seeds of these species usuall y require sions immediately in a permanent location. spot where the lady's-slippers grew, but by complex treatment before they will ge r­ Propagation by division is preferabl e to the time this fact became clear, the lady's­ minate, a process that is not always eco­ buying large orders of plants that were slippers were lost. nomically fe asible. Therefore, Dr. Lighty obviously dug and that may arrive so dried Nevertheless, plant salvage is appropri­ (as well as both Hal Bruce of Winterthur out and under stress that few wi ll survive. ate in certain situations. Horticulturists can Gardens and Harry Phillips of the North In garden centers, the discriminating take credit for the survival of plants such Carolina Botanical Garden) suggests that gardener can often spot a collected plant. as fr anklinia (Frank linia alatamaha) that we gardeners move out of the woods and Any plant that appears to have been re­ would otherwise be extinct. Plants that have into the meadows when selecting native cently potted-with leaves askew and not been legitimately salvaged can often be used

American Horticulturist 31 NA TIVE PLANTS AND IDE NURSERY TRADE

piled a list of species that are already se­ riously threatened by trade (CITES Ap­ pendix I), as well as of species that might become threatened if trade is not moni­ tored and controll ed (CITES Appendix II). All members of the orchid family are listed in Appendix I, and all North and South American cacti are currently included in Appendix II. Also included in Appendix II are such horticultural favorites as Shortia galacifolia and Cyclamen species. Various cycads and species of Aloe are listed in both Appendix I and II. Obviously, all hor­ ticulturists would benefit by becoming fa­ miliar with both the Endangered Species and CITES lists. Thanks to the botanists working with The Nature Conservancy, state agencies, RainMatic ™ Waters Propagator Bill Brumback at the New Eng­ land Wild Flower Society's Garden in the federal agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Lawns & Gardens Wildlife Service, and universities and bo­ Automatically! Woods raises over 150 types of wildflowers to sell to visitors each year. John A. Lynch tanical gardens throughout the country, RainMatic's automatic control of sprinklers our national store of botanical knowledge switches them on and off up to 8 times a day, has increased dramatically since the pas­ and from 1 to 14 days. Each watering can be for breeding stock, and the more common timed to last from one minute to more than 12 species can be incorporated into nature sage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. hours, or any time in between. Water at night or when you're away ... skip trails. However, only experts who are trying Even so, much more needs to be done. One watering on selected days ... switch RainMatic to help the species survive in the wild should particularly encouraging development has to "Manual" when you want to do other gardening chores. attempt to salvage rare and endangered been the formation of native plant societies Set it for a day, a week, or for an entire season plants. Sometimes this kind of action in­ in several states. Many members of these if you want! volves moving the plants to a botanical societies have become expert advocates on New Freedom from Watering garden for study, but saving plant popu­ behalf;f their local flora. Joining or start­ Chores with RainMatic lations by growing them in botanical gar­ ing one of these societies--or working with • Attaches to your outside faucet in seconds: locks a local garden club conservation commit­ to prevent theft dens is, in the end, no more satisfactory • Uses your existing hose and sprinklers-{;an than trying to sa ve wild animals by keeping tee-is a good way for gardeners to be­ control two or more sprinklers to cover large areas them in zoos. Botanists agree that a wild come involved in the preservation of native • Automates drip and trickle systems species usually disappears because its hab­ plants. • Easy to set-as simple as pressing buttons on a pocket calculator itat has been destroyed, although indis­ The American Horticultural Society has • Weather-protected electronic circuit criminate collecting can also push a vul­ joined the movement to educate gardeners • No wiring-uses four long-life "COO alkaline bat­ teries (not included) nerable species over the edge. Therefore, about native plants and the threats they • Shipped with "Instruction/ face. In 1984, AHS took over the Wild­ Watering Guide" booklet, the best way to save rare plants is to pre­ and one-year warranty serve their natural habitats in sufficient flower Rediscovery Project and publica­ tion of the Endangered Wildflowers Cal­ 99 quantity and diversi ty so that native pop­ Only $54. ulations can continue to reproduce with­ endar from the Rare and Endangered Native out being disturbed. A good source of hor­ Plant Exchange. Both the Calendar and the To Order Call Toll Free ticulturally propagated plants can help Wildflower Rediscovery Project focus on 1-800-255-8989-EXT 3101 . diminish collecting pressures. stimulating public knowledge of and con­ In Idaho Call The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is cern for rare plants. 1-800-554-3246-EXT 3101 a landmark piece of legislation that reflects Although many of the wild-collected the public'S interest in preserving Ameri­ species sold in the nursery trade today are OR SEND CHECK OR ca's wildlife, plants as well as animals. not yet on the list of Endangered and MONEY ORDER TO However, complex requirements must be Threatened species, it is inevitable that they met and detailed studies made before a wi ll one day be added if collecting pres­ J.L. Future Products Corp. plant can be listed as officially Threatened sures continue unabated. As gardeners, we PO. Box 107 or Endangered. As a result, only a small have a responsibility to see that such action Fords, N J 08863 fraction of the number of species that need is never necessary. 0 attention have been listed. In the mean­ ALL MAJOR CREDIT CARDS Jane Scott is the author and illustrator of Botany in the Field, An Introduction to Plant ACCEPTED time, many states have already taken steps to protect these species. Communities for the Amateur Naturalist, published by Prentice-Hall, and co-author of N J. Residents In addition, the Convention on Inter­ Add 6% Sales Tax Grow Native Shrubs in Your Garden, national Trade in Endangered Species of published by the Brandywine Conservancy in Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has com- Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania.

32 June 1986 PLANT YOUR YARD WITH WILDFLOWERSI Sources

THE PINK FAMILY article, send $1.00 to cover postage and Garden centers and nurseries across the handling to Assistant-to-the-Editor in care country offer an excellent selection of pink­ of the Society. family members for gardeners to choose PEOPLE AND PLANTS from. The following nurseries and seed companies offer outstanding selections of To learn more about the city-wide gar­ these plants. dening contest sponsored by the Pennsyl­ vania Horticultural Society, write to Co­ The Wildflower Meadow Book Plants: A Gardener's Guide Busse Gardens, Dept. AH, 635 East 7th ordinator, City Gardens Contest, Published in cooperation with the Street, Route 2, Box 13, Cokatom, MN Philadelphi a Green, Pennsylvania Horti­ American H orticulwral Society 55321, catalogue $1.00. cultural Society, 325 Walnut Street, Phil­ {;:{ Organic Gardening Book Club Carroll Gardens, Dept. AH, Box 310, 444 adelphia, PA 19106. The Society has a Se lection packet of information about the contest East Main Street, Westminster, MD {;:{ Garden Book Club Selection 21157, catalogue $2.00. that will help gardeners start similar con­ tests in their own cities. A sunny area of any size can be Andre Viette Farm and Nursery, Dept. AH, turned into a beautiful wildflower Anyone who is interested in the subject Route 1, Box 16, Fishersville, VA 22939, meadow. With this practical and ca talogue $1.50. of horticultural therapy should belong to comprehensive guide, yo u wi ll Wayside Gardens Company, Dept. AH, the National Council for Therapy and discover: Hodges, SC, 29695, catalogue $1.00. Rehabilitation through Horticulture • why meadow gardening is a fast White Flower Farm, Dept. AH, Litchfield, (NCTRH). This fine organization pro­ growing and good idea CT 06759, catalogue $5.00. duces a monthly newsletter (as well as other • co mplete how-to instructions Seed: publications), conducts an annual national cove ring planning, choosing W. Atlee Burpee Company, Dept. AH, 300 conference, keeps members apprised of seeds and plants, planting, maintaining Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974, training programs being offered in the field, and has a national registration program • detailed regional information catalogue free. including for horticultural therapists. For more in­ The Country Garden, Box AH, Route 2, • suitable flower species Box 455A, Crivitz, WI 54114, catalogue formation on memberships, write NCTRH, • so ils and growing conditions $2.00. 9220 Wightman Road, Suite 300, Gaith­ • times to plant The Fragrant Path, Dept. AH, P.O. Box ersburg, MD 20879, or call (301) 948- • what weeds to expect and what 328, Fort Calhoun, NE 68023, cata­ 3010. to do about them logue $1.00. For more information on community • addresses of regional organiza­ J. L. Hudson, Dept. AH, P.O. Box 1058, gardens, write to the American Com­ tions, seed companies and Redwood City, CA 94064, catalogue munity Gardening Association, P.O. Box nurseries • various meadow uses $1.00. 93147, Milwaukee, WI 53202. The National Gardening Association (180 Flynn • outstanding national organiza­ Maver Rare Perennials, Dept. AH, P.O. tions working with cultivating Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401) also has Box 18754, Seattle, WA 98118, cata­ wildflowers logue free. publications pertaining to community Botanist Laura C. Martin is Coor­ gardening. Park Seed Company, Dept. AH, P.O. Box dinator of Native Plant Research at 31, Greenwood, SC 29647, catalogue Atlanta Botanical Gardens and the free. author of Wildflower Folklore. Thompson and Morgan, P.O. Box 1308- AM,Jackson, NJ 08527, catalogue free. Please send the following quantities of The Wildflower Meadow Book at' special AHS member prices. (Please add $1.75 SIERRAN INSPIRATION shipping and handling.) ___ Cloth . $17.50 (regular $18.95) Readers who would like to learn more about ___ Paper .. . $11.65 (regular $12.95) Harland Hand's remarkable garden will Enclosed is my check for _____ want to read "A Garden Work of Art" Ship to ______which appeared in the April 1983 issue ~f Street ______American Horticulturist. A limited nUI1il­ City St ~ip __ ber of copies of that issue are still available. Allow six weeks for delivery. Mail to: To order a copy, send $2.50 to Assistant­ Robin Williams to-the-Editor in care of the Society. To American Honicultural Society reql!l est a black-and-white reprint of the Box 0105 Mount Vernon, VA 22121

American Horticulturist 33 THATCHED ROOF BIRD Book Reviews HOUSES

THE WILDFLOWER MEADOW planted. Finally, each regional chapter BOOK. concludes with a list of institutions and Laura C. Martin. The East Woods Press. organizations, nurseries and seed com­ Charlotte, North Carolina. 1986.360 panies as well as recommended reading. pages; hardcover, $18.95; softcover, The final section of The Wildflower $12.95. AHS member price, $17.05 Meadow Book is devoted to an en­ (hardcover), $11.65 (softcover). cyclopedic treatment of more than 150 species of wildflowers appropriate for Made in England by "cottage industry," As most gardeners the meadow garden. Each species is il­ The Thatched Roof Bird Houses have the lustrated with a black-and-white line draw­ charm of Folk-craft ... one of those pleasant know, there has been touches that make the English Gardens a renewed interest in ing, and each entry includes a wealth of famous. The house is a rustic hollowed native American information on the species, including the branch with a flat back to hang on a wall, plants among both botanical name (complete with pronun­ fence, or tree . A stub of a stem is the perch . ciation) the common name, approximate Twigs are fitted to hold the thatching. 10" gardeners and pub­ high . Easy to clean out. Writes a reordering lishers, and wild­ bloom time, a description, the speGies' customer: " ... my thatched bird house is the flower meadows and environmental preference, and propaga­ talk of the neighborhood." Only 18.95 prairie restorations tion recommendations. each. Shipping $2.00 are popping up all In short, this new Society-endorsed book WALT NICKE across the country. Despite this renewed is a must for any individual interested in wildflowers or meadow gardening. BOX 667A HUDSON, NY 12534 enthusiasm, however, the subject of meadow gardening has been neglected in the literature thus far. Fortunately, Laura FARTHER AFIELD: A GARDENER'S Martin's new book, which is endorsed by EXCURSIONS. the American Horticultural Society, fills Allen Lacy. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. this very important gap. New York, New York. 1986. 258 pages; The author begins with a look at the hardcover, $16.95. AHS member price, history of meadow gardening, and pro­ $13.55. vides detailed directions for planning and Gardeners who sam­ planting a meadow garden. Chapters on pled Allen Lacy's dealing with weeds, using a meadow gar­ delightful prose in den (for cut flowers, nature crafts such as Home Ground, his DAYULYS dyeing or pressed flowers, and nature stud­ first book about "The Ultimate Perennial" ies, for example) meadows as community gardening, or who We grow hundreds of the finest cultivars available. gardens, and organizations working with have enjoyed his cultivating wildflowers complete the in­ regwlar columns on ! ii' Gar.t!Quer'S E.\1:11,J"SUmS \ troductory section of the book. the subject in The i lryAltcttwcy The majority of The Wildflower Meadow Wall Street Journal, ;,..._.----' ~ ~., ...... J Book is devoted to cha'pters on meadow have been looking forward to his second gardening in various regions of the coun­ book with great anticipation. Farther Afield, HOW TO PHOTOGRAPH try, such as the Midwest, the Pacific another collection of essays on a variety FLOWERS, PLANTS & Northwest and the Southeast. In each of of garden-related topics, is certainly worth LANDSCAPES these chapters, the author discusses the the wait. The essays range from very short pieces that can be read in less than 15 Derek Fell naturally occurring plant communities, noxious weeds and region-specific cultural minutes (for example, " A Craze for Hos­ Award-winning author, Derek Fell, is America's most widely published plant photographer. This recommendations. She also provides ex­ tas," "The Sedum Family Reunion" and magnificent book contains 164 pages, size tensive plant lists for each region, includ­ "Closely Watched Quinces") to longer 8'/2 x 11 inches, over 300 full colqr photos. Covers equipment, film , comp0sition, close-ups, artificial ing a general list of plants that grow in the pieces on Thompson and Morgan Seed light, gardens, flowers, trees, shrubs, fruits, vegetables, wildflowers, house plants PLUS how region, a recommended "top ten" list, ap­ Company and Linda Vista, Claude Hope's to sell your work and more. Autographed. propriate grasses, plants for cutting, plants seed farm in Costa Rica. An entire section Mail. $9.95. per copy (includes shipping) to: for seasonal bloom, and plants that attract of tAe book is devoted to essays of varying Robin Williams, American Horticultural Society, PO Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. birds and butterflies. Perhaps most im­ lengths on specific gardens-The Preston Satisfaction guaranteed. portantly, Martin includes several "case B. Bird and Mary Heinlein Fruit and Spice ''The best book on the subject" -Avant Gardener studies" for each region that provide spe­ Park, Andre Viette's Nursery, and Sissing­ cific examples of meadows that have been hurst, for example. The essays grouped

34 June 1986 I ~~~~ I The American Horticultural Society

Scot/a1101 uJ1Spoilea a110 Ul1kl1own May 2S-June 8, 1986 Scotland is unquestionably romantic in legend and history and the landscape beautiful and unspoiled. We will visit private homes and gardens in the Western Highlands of Argyll, renowned for its rhododendrons and flowering shrubs. Traveling through remote and breathtaking scenery, we will tour the Isle of Gigha, Crarae Woodland Gardens, Inverewe and Inverness. We will be entertained in private homes and castle gardens. In Edinburgh we have the opportunity to explore the city at our own pace and to be entertained by some of Scotland's most enthusiastic and privileged horticulturalists. We are again fortunate to have Everitt Miller, former director of Longwood Gardens, as our leader.

111 search of Gertruoe Jek~[{ July 24-August 7, 1986 Our search for the gardens of Gertrude Jekyll will take us to the English countryside to visit the many homes and gardens that speak to the genius of this outstanding gardener and her remarkable partnership with Sir Edwin Lutyens. Throughout our tour we will meet with English authors, landscape architects and horticulturalists who will share with us their knowledge and affection for the work of Gertrude Jekyll. Our tour leader, Mac Griswold, is a garden writer and historian presently working on a book for New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art about the garden images in their own collection.

Nantucket anD Mart&a"s Vjne~arD September 14-21,1986 This fall the island gardens of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard will be the focus of a special trip co-sponsored by the New England Wild Flower Society and the AHS. Our visit will concentrate on the natural flora of the islands and the unique qualities resulting from their isolation and unusual climatic conditions. We will be guided by well-known New Eng­ land botanists, and our tour leader will be Polly Pierce, President of the New England Wild Flower Society.

Fa[{ Foliage Cruise 011 the chesapeake October 8-18, 1986 The Foliage Season, nature's last hurrah before winter, invites us to cruise the Chesapeake Bay in early October. With thousands of miles of tidal shoreline, the Chesapeake provides a brilliant backdrop for our 7 day cruise. We sail on the MN America, a lovely small ship boasting spacious outside cabins and the best of southern hospitality. We begin in Baltimore, sail along the unspoiled landscape of Maryland's Eastern shore and visit such historic and exquisite landmarks as Williamsburg and Portsmouth, VA. Join us during these golden days of October as we cruise this spectacular estuary and plan to extend your trip for a few days in Washington to enjoy specially sponsored activities by the AHS.

These trips are sponsored by the American Horticultural Society.

PASSAGESFor further informationUNLIMITED please contact: ~~rMDi'A~iliiii~irn'~E!~!;~~ 10 Lakeside Office Park, Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880 UNLIMITED, INC. 617-246-3575 HORTICULTIJRAL EXPLORATION OF BOOK REVIEWS

under "Tidbits and Observations, Dreams and Practicalities" include a piece about Europe Steven Davis's experiences with the wild­ flower meadow at the American Horti­ cultural Society's River Farm headquar­ ters, as well as Lacy's observations about cats and plants. Farther Afield concludes with a series of essays focusing on con­ servation. Readers will no doubt recognize "The Wild Cyclamen of Montrose" (see the October 1985 issue of American Hor­ ticulturist) and will also enjoy reading about Elwood Fisher's heirloom apples and "The Disappearing World of Peter Raven."

FAll ENGlAND (SEPTEMBER 10-25) MANUAL OF CULTIVATED Explore one of the loveliest and least spoil ed areas of England; that expanse of farm, marsh­ BROAD-LEA VED TREES AND land, and fen known as East Anglia. Visit some of the greatest English gardens-Sandringham, SHRUBS, VOLUME II. Camhridge and Harlow Car. Plus York and free time in London. Gerd Kriissmann. (Translator, Michael In addition, we are offering another European Horticultural Exploration: Epp; Technical Editor, Gilbert Daniels.) SWITZERlAND & NORTHERN ITALY aULY 11-25). Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. 1985. Enjoy these European itineraries escorted by horticulturists. Each includes visits to private 445 pages; hardcover, $65.00. AHS homes and gardens in addition to interesting cultural and historical sights. Since these trips member price, $58.50. usuall y are full y subscribed, we suggest ea rl y enrollment, parti cul arly for those who wish single hotel rooms. This is the second volume (E through PRO-) For vour free brochures on these Horti cultural Exp lorations led by horticulturists and spon­ of the first English translation of Gerd sored by the America n Horti cultural Sociery, pl ease write to Flora and TravellW.G.T., 3330 Krussmann's invaluable encyclopedic sur­ Erie Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45208. Or Call Collect: 0-513-871-1100. vey of trees and shrubs. (Volume I, pub­ lished in .1984, covers A through D.) A major reference work first published in 1960 NOW ... BY MAIL! in German, Manual of Cultivated Broad­ Leaved Trees and Shrubs lists plants in Unusual, Hard­ alphabetical order by genus and species. To-Find Rower Technical descriptions are given for each Arranging genus and species, and extensive line draw­ Supplies: ings and black-and-white photographs are provided. (For more information on this Designed for Outdoor Landscaping. Tool, Techniques, series, see the book review of Volume I, Tracks running across your lawn, Tricks of the Trade which appreared in the April issue onto the pool area . across your 1985 patio and thru the tulips. as well as SPECIAL OFFER­ of American Horticulturist. To obtain a indoor. 1 :22.5 scale compatible MAKES A GREAT copy of the review, write to Assistant-to­ with (IfIj»' GIFT: the-Editor in care of the Society.) So to gUide you with Garden -Barbara W. Ellis Railway decisions send $400 to The receive the latest issue of the Original AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GARDEN RAILWAYS Magazine PROTEACEAE OF WESTERN and the playmobll-trolnllne 12 -page AUSTRALIA. co lor catalog . Refundable with 1st Stem order. Alex S. George. Kangaroo Press. Send check to :­ Stripper Australia. 1984. 112 pages; hardcover, playmobi! -train line A unique tool for removing $19.95. AHS member price, $16.98. thorns and leaves from Dept. H-3 stems. 4409 Westgrove Drive THE BANKSIA BOOK. Dallas. Texas 75248 95 including onI y $9ea postage & Alex S. George. Kangaroo Press. (214) 248-9585 handling Austra1ia. 240 pages; hardcover, $24.95. Name ______New Catalog . .. AHS member price, $21.25. $1 .00 Refundable with Address ______The Proteaceae is a showy group of woody FIRST ORDER CIty ______plants native primarily to southern Africa The Keth Company and Australia. Of the 1,400 species (which State ___Zlp _____ PO. Box 645 a re distributed among 60 genera) that a re Corona del Mar. found throughout the world, more than California 92625 800 are native to Australia. About 550

36 Jun e 1986 species (of which 500 are endemic) grow appearance o f the mature plant. little information about these plants in the in the state of Western Australi a. Alex Anyone interes ted in this highl y deco­ literature ei ther of botany o r of horticul­ George's An Introduction to the Protea­ rative plant famil y wi ll find these author­ ture. Fortunately, this oversight has now ceae of Western Australia covers 16 genera itative and beautifull y produced presen­ been corrected; Peter Yeo's excellent treat­ found in Western Australi a. This is essen­ tati ons of the Australi an members of the ment of the cultivated species of Geranium tially a picture book, and the 162 beautiful Proteaceae and the entire genus Banksia includes descriptions and cultural infor­ color plates illustrate many of the species to be va lu a bl e additi ons to the library. mation for 110 species and botanical va­ that are included, but the text accompa­ Whether you are simply an arm chair trav­ rieties as wel l as for an even greater num­ nying each species also gives interesting ell er to Australi a, a customer of yo ur local ber of culti vars and hybrids. Although the details of habit and habitat. Surprisingly, fl o ri st (where blooms of many of these 43 beautiful color photographs illustrate fire is an important element affecting the species are avail able as cut flowers), or one only a small portion of the taxa included, life cycle of many of these plants. of the fortunate few who can grow these they provide evidence of the decorative value The Banksia Book describes and illus­ pl ants in their own gardens, these books of the many species. trates the 73 species of Banksia, a ll of which are hi ghl y recommended. Since id entification of individual species are native to Austra li a. Ra nging from within this gen us is unusually difficult, the prostrate shrubs to tall trees, Banksia spe­ HARDY GERANIUMS. author has provided two well -designed keys, cies all have showy " bottle brush" fl ower Peter F. Yeo. Timber Press. Portland, one of which depends primarily on leaf heads and evergreen foliage. The entry for Oregon. 1985. 192 pages; ha-rdcover, and fl ower details; the other also uses fruit each species includes a complete botanical $39.95. A HS member price, $33.98. characteristi cs. description and details of the o ri gin of the As many gardeners know, the ha rdy ge­ Ha-rdy Geraniums is a long-awaited and name, geographical distribution, habitat, raniums or cranes bills (Geranium spp., as much-needed scho larly work that should flowering period and response to fire, as opposed to the tender fl orist's geraniums, be equall y valu abl e to the gardener and well as specific cu ltural instructions and Pelargonium spp.) are va lu abl e additi ons the botanist. 0 -Gilbert S. Daniels other information. Bl ack- and-white line to the garden. Although occasiona ll y found drawings illustrate fruit, seeds and leaves, in gardens in thi s country, hardy gerani­ Barbara W. Ell is is Editor of American Horticulturist and Publications Di rector for and a distribution map is also included. ums deserve to be used mo re frequently in the American H orticultural Society. Gilbert S. The 103 superb color plates show details cu ltivated perennia l borders o r even as Daniels is the immediate Past Presidenr of the of flower and fruit, as well as the overa ll ground covers. To date, there has been American Ho rti cultural Society.

Book Order Form N SCOOT •i.'I~r Please send me the books I have checked below at the special GARD E r Vlhat YOLI AHS prices. 'II Vlonde o The Wildflower Meadow Book (Hardcover) ...... $17.05 YOLI EA5TW·04560 VI-thoLit It! o The Wildflower Meadow Book (Softcover) ...... $11.65 Did I EA5TW·04570 o Farther Afield: A Gardener's Excursions ...... $13.55 FARRA·04660 o Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees and Shrubs Volume II ...... $58.50 1585·04670 Garden Scoot is An Introduction to the Proteaceae of o a mobile Western Australia ...... $16.98 1585·04470 workstool that o The Banksia Book...... $21.25 1585·04480 saves your back o Hardy Geraniums ...... $33.98 and knees. Its 1585·04460 features include: I would like to order books. (Please add $1.75 per book for postage and handling. Virginia residents, also add 4% sa les tax.) Please • Comfortable seat that swivels 360°. allow six weeks for delivery. • Wide tires that roll easily through any soil. Enclosed is my check for $ ____ • Available in two and three wheel models. Mail to: Robin Williams, American Horticultural Society, P.O. Box 0105, Garden Scoot is deSigned for gardening, hedge Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121. trimming, painting and cleaning cars. It's also useful Ship to: ______for many indoor tasks. $60 ea. plus $11 .00 p/h Street: ______

City: ______Distributed by: J.L. Future Products Corp. To order call 1-800-255- 8989, ext. 3101 . In Idaho call 1-800-554-3246, ext. 3101 . All major State: ______Z ip : ______credit cards accepted. N.J. residents add 6% sales tax.

American HorticuLturist 37 For the Horticulturist's Bookshelf.· . Pronunciation BIOLOGICAL PEST Guide CONTROL The Glasshouse Experience Edited by N.W. HUSSEY and N. Achillea ah-KILL-ee-ah SCOPES. Among many contribu­ Alchemilla vulgaris tions to agricultural science, this al-keh-MILL-ah vul-GAIR-iss comprehensive overview of inte" Aloe striata grated chemical and biological con­ AL-oh-eel AL-oh stry-A Y -tah trol under glass provides a detailed Alyssum saxatile account of the biology of pests and ah-LISS-um sacks-ah-TILL-ee natural enemies, practical experi­ Andromeda polifolia ences with biological control, and an-DRA W-meh-dah poe-lih-FOE-lee-ah integrated programs for specific Anemone X hybrida greenhouse crops. $25.00 ah-NEM-oh-nee HIGH-btid-ah A. japonica a. jah-PON-ih-kah NATIVE AND Anigozanthos flavidus an-ih-go-ZAN-thuss FLAY -vih-dus CULTIVATED Arctostaphylos uva-ursi CONIFERS OF ark-toe-ST AFF-ill-ose OO-vah-UR-sigh Ariocarpus air-ee-oh-CAR -pus NORTHEASTERN A. ludovicianq var. albula a. lood-oh-viss-ee-A Y-nah al-BEW-lah NORTH AMERICA Asclepias syriaca A Guide ass-KLEE-pee-us seer-ee-A Y-kah By EDWARD A. COPE. Illus­ Astrophytum myriostigma trated by BENTE ST ARCKE ah-strow-FIE-tum me-ree-oh-STIG-mah KING. This guide to easy identifi­ Aurinia saxatilis cation is specially bound in durable aw-RIN-ee-ah sacks-ah-TILL-iss cover material for many years of use Baccharis pilularis in the field. A Comstock Book. 28 BACK-ah-riss pie-lew-LAIR-iss b&w illustrations, 181 line drawings. Bergenia cordifolia $17.95 paper ber-GIN-ee-ah core-dih-FOE-lee-ah D. gratianopolitanus Camassia scilloides d. grah-tee-AH-no-pol-ee-TA Y-nus ORCHID GENERA kah-MASS-ee-ah sill-OY-deez D. knappii d. NAP-ee-eye Campanula persicifolia D. plumarius d. plew-MARE-ee-us ILLUSTRATED kam-PAN-yew-lah per-sis-ih-FOE-lee-ah Dictamnus albus dick-TAM-nus AL-bus By TOM AND Carex CARE-ecks Dionaea muscipula MARION Castilleja kas-til-EE-jah die-OWN-ee-ah mus-SIP-yew-Iah SHEEHAN. Two Cerastium arvense Echeveria eck-eh-VAIR-ee-ah eminent ornamen­ ser-ASS-tee-um ar-YEN-see Echinocactus ee-kine-oh-KAK-tus tal horticulturists C. tomentosum c. toe-men-TOE-sum Echinocereus ee-kine-oh-SEAR-ee-us describe and illus­ Chamaemelum nobile Epigaea repens ep-ih-JEE-ah REE-penz trate in full color 61 kam-ee-MELL-um no-BILL-ee Eriogonum umbel/atum commonly grown Clematis KLEM-ah-tiss/klem-AT-iss air-ee-OG-oh-num um-bell-A Y-tum orchid genera. A Coryphantha minima Eryngium alpinum Comstock Book. 61 core-ee-FAN-thah MIN-ih-mah air-RIN-jee-um ai-PINE-urn color plates, 50 b&w Erythronium air-ih-THROW-nee-um illustrations. Cyclamen SYKE-lah-men/SICK-lah-men $14.95 paper. Cypripedium acaule Eupatorium yew-pah-TORE-ee-um sip-rih-PEE-dee-um aw-CALL-ee Ferocactus latispinus At bookstores or C. calceolus c. kal-see-OH-Ius fair-oh-CAC-tuss lat-ih-SPY-nuss send orders to Robin Delphinium del-FIN-ee-um Franklinia alatamaha Williams, American Dianthus x allwoodii frank-LIN-ee-ah ah-Iah-tah-MAH-hah Horticultural Society, die-AN-thuss all-WOOD-ee-eye Geranium endressii P.O. Box 0105, jer-A Y-nee-um en-DRESS-ee-eye Mt. Vernon, Virginia 22121. D .• barbatus d. bar-BA Y-tus D. caesius d. SEE-see-us Gypsophila elegans CORNELL D. caryophyllus d. care-ee-oh-FILL-us gip-SOF-ih-Iah EL-eh-ganz D. chinensis d. chih-NEN-sis G. paniculata g. pan-ick-yew-LA Y-tah UNIVERSITY PRESS D. deltoides d. del-TOY-deez G. repens g. REE-penz

38 June 1986 Helonias bullata hel-OWN-ee-us bull-A Y-tah Hepatica heh-PAT-ih-kah Heterocentron elegans .--- , het-er-oh-SEN-tron EL-eh -ganz I I Iris EYE-riss I I Kalmia latifolia I KAL-rnee-ah lat-ih-FOE-Iee-ah K. poliifolia k. pol-ee-eye-FOE-Iee-a h I Greenhouse I Lophophora williamsii I or Sunroom? I low-foe-FORE-ah WILLIAMS-ee-eye I Make the right choice with Janco. I Lychnis chalcedonica LlCK-niss kal-see-DON-ih-kah I We 're the only manufacturer to offer I L. coeli-rosa I. SEE-Iee-ROW-sah I a complete range of greenhouses and I L. coronaria I. core-oh-NAIR-ee- ah I 50larooms to match every lifestyle. I L. coronata I. core-oh-NA Y-tah climate and budget. I L. flos-cuculi I. FLOSS-KEW-kew-lie I 50 before you make your decision , send $2.00 and receive our informa- L. flos-jovis I. FLOSS-JOE-vis I I tive 48-page color catalog featuring L. fulgens I. FUL-jenz I I Please send your value-packed over 100 greenhouses, ~ I L. X haageana I. hag-ee-A Y-nah l 50larooms and IANCO I L. viscaria I. vis-CARE-ee-ah catalog. I enclose -$2, deductible I • accessories. GREENI on my first catalog order.- I Mammillaria epithelantha I &. GLASS STRUCTURES I rnarn-ill-AIR-ee-ah ep-ih-thel-AN-thah Name I Mail to: Building in the sun since 1948. Meconopsis rneck-on-OP-sis I Janco Greenhouses. Dept. AM 6. 9390 Davis Ave.. I •I Laurel. MD 20707. (301) 498-5700 I Muehlenbeckia axillaris ___.State---.Zip _ I I've enc losed S2.OO to cover first-class postage and rnew-Ien-BECK-ee-ah ax-ill-AIR-iss I I handling of my 48·pa ge color catalog. I Neolloydia knee-oh-LOID-ee-ah I Name ------I I Address ______Nepeta mussinii GILBERT H. WILD & SON. INC. AH' 686 Joplin St . • Sarcoxie , MO 64862 I City State __ Zip -- I ne-PEE-tah rnoose-IN-ee-eye Phone ( ) .. Polygonatum biflorum • III L poe-lig-oh-NAY-turn by-FLOOR-urn ------Polygonum capita tum poe-LIG-oh-nurn cap-ih-T A Y-turn Rosa rugosa ROW-sah rew-GO-sah Why not plant the very Rudbeckia rude-BECK-ee-ah Saponaria officinalis best Quality Perennials? sap-oh-NAIR-ee-ah oh-fis-ih-NAL-iss Sedum x rubrotinctum SEE-durn rew-broe-TINK-turn The Famous Andre Viette Farm Shortia galacifolia SHORT-ee-ah gah-Iass-ih-FOE-Iee-ah and Nursery, located in Silene acaulis sigh-lEE-nee ah-CALL-iss S. alba s. AL-bah Fisherville, has one of S. caroliniana s. care-oh-lin-ee-A Y-nah the largest collections S. laciniata s. lah-sin-ee-A Y -tah S. noctiflora s. knock-tih-FLOOR-ah in the East. We ship S. stellata s. stell-A Y-tah nationally. S. virginica s. vir-JIN-ih-kah S. vulgaris s. vul-GAIR-iss Solidago sol-ih-DA Y-go Fields of Flowers Stachys byzantina STACK-iss biz-an-TIE-nah Specializing in Stellaria media Flowering Perennials stel-AIR-ee-ah MEE-dee-ah (pt Vi7P;tu Strelitzia nicolai Rock Garden Perennials streh-LlTZ-ee-ah NICK-oh-lie Thymus serpyllum Woodland Plants THY-musfTY-rnus sir-PIE-lurn Daylilies Trillium grandiflorum v4w1re Viette TRILL-ee-um grand-ih-FLOOR-urn Uvula ria yew-view-LAIR-ee-ah Rare and Unusual Vaccinium angustifolium Accept No Substitute vack-SIN-ee-urn an-gus-tih-FOE-lee-urn Plants Vinca minor VIN-kah MY-nor Yucca filamentosa 703-943-2315 • Route 608, Fisherville, Va. 22939 YUCK-ah fill-ah-men-TOE-sah Write For Our Catalogue - $1.50

American Horticulturist 39 CIassifieds

AFRICAN VIOLETS Classified Ad Rates Bulbous Plant Journal. HERBERTIA and Quar­ 75¢ per word; $15.00 minimum per inser­ COLLECTOR'S VARIETIES: Spotted. Striped, terly Newsletter. Color-filled articles on bulbs, Variegated. Top show winners. Catalog 50¢. tion. 10% discount for three consecutive corms & tubers of Amaryllidaceae and related Special offer: 6 plants $10.00, plus $3.00 ship­ insertions using same copy. Copy must be families. $12/Year. APLS-AH, PO Box 150, ping. SUNI'S VIOLETS, PO Box 329, South received two months prior to publication LaJolla, CA n038. Ken~ CT 06785. da~ ~ . Send orders to the attention of Cindy BROMELIAD CULTURAL INFORMATION Weakland, American Horticultural Society, 100 VARIETIES, standard, miniatme, trailer, LEARN ABOUT BROMELIADS. Colorful, fas­ variegated types. Cultural historical book, "Our Mount Vernon, Virginia 2212l. Or call (703) cinating, easily grown, send stamp for cultural African Violet Heritage" $4.95 postpaid. Color 768-5700 information. BROMELIAD SOCIETY, INC., Catalog 35 ¢. TINARI GREENHOUSES, 2325 2355B Rusk, Beaumont, TX 77702. Valley Road, Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006. BANANA PLANTS BULB CATALOG-FREE ALSTROEMERIA 35 varieties, plus pineapples, acerolas, brome­ More than 350 flowerbulb va rieties (including LIGTU HYBRIDS. Mixed pinks, creams, corals liads, cacti, aloes, xanthosomas, etc. Catalog autumn blooming crocuses and colchicums) make and peach. Long-lived, tuberous-rooted per­ $1.00. GARDEN WORLD, Dept. 32, 2503 our 1986 Flowerbulb Catalog and Planting Guide ennials hardy to 0°. Shipped early September in GarfieldJ Laredo, TX 78043. a valuable reference for eveFY flowerbulb en­ 2" pots for GUARANTEED safe delivery and BONSAI thusiast. Write for your FREE copy: McCLURE transplanting. Bloom following summer. 6 pots/ & ZIMMERMAN, Quality Flowerbulb Bro­ $15 postpaid. Order now, receive FREE color Looking for Something Different for Bonsai? Extensive selection of affordable containerized kers, 1422 W. Thorndale, Dept. AH, Chicago, catalog. B&D LILIES, Dept. AH, 330 "P" Street, IL 60660. Pon Townsend, WA 98368 (206) 385-1738. starter-plants. Informative catalog-$2.00. Catalog alone, $l.00 (refumdable). FORESTFARM, 990 Tetherbah, Williams, OR BULBS 97544. THE AVANT GARDENER Cyrtanthus Mixed, Good Pot Plant, Three bulbs Bonsai trees. FREE 1986 catalogs of Bonsai for $10, postpaid. Rare Bulb List $l.00, de­ DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO Books, Tools, Pots, Trays, and Supplies. Visi~ ductible. WILLETTS, POB 446, Moss Landing, READ-for the gardener who wants to get more our display when in our area (by appointment). CA 95039. out of gardening! Subscribe to THE AVANT Call or write for catalog or more information. CACTI & SUCCULENTS GARDENER, the most useful, most quoted of We ship anywhere. Wholesale inquiries invited. all ga~dening publications. Every month this BONSAI CREATIONS, Dept. 102AH, 2700 N. Over 1,700 Species of Cacti and Succulents. All unique news service brings you the newest and 29th Ave. #204, Hollywood, FL 33020 (305) color Catalog $2.00 (Deductible). ABBEY most practical on-going information-new 962-6960. GARDEN, Box n05A, Carpinteria, CA 93013. plants, products, techniql!les, with sources, plus "CATALOG OF UNUSUAL SUCCULENTS" BOOKS feature articles, special issues. 18th year. Awarded Discover the largest selection of weird and un­ Garden Club of America and Massachusetts POTPOURRI HANDBOOK (reviewed in Jan­ usual succulents-picture book catalog of suc­ Horticultl!lfal Society Medals for outstanding uary American Horticulturist Special Edition) culent crests, variegates, living stones, and odd­ contributions to horticulture. Curious? Sample $5.95 ppd. BERRY HILL PRESS, Dept. 286, balls. Send $ 1.00 today. "CATALOG OF copy $l. Serious? $10 full year (reg. $15). THE 7336 Berry Hill, Palos Verdes, CA 90274. UNUSUAL SUCCUL~NTS" Dept. A6, 553 AVANT GARDENER, Box 489M, New York, DRIED BOUQUETS SO REAL THEY LOOK Buena Creek Ro ~ San Marcos, CA 92069. NY 10028. FRESH! Show-and-Tell books give Professional Living stones and other desert flora (cacti and AZALEAS & RHODODENDRONS senets for PRESERVING FLOWERS Step-by­ other succulents) all seed grown. Federally li­ AZALEA PETITES-choice and hard-to-find Step, over 100 flowers, includes Microwave, censed to export. Satisfied customers are using dwarf and ground cover azaleas-hatdy and ($3.95 ppd.) Companion book STEP-BY-STEP our informative catalog. Get yours for $l.00 large enough to be transplanted directly "From BOOK OF DRIED BOUQUETS, over 285 pho­ (redeemable) from: REDLO CACTI 001 , 2315 tographs; Williamsburg, Modern, Country & Our Gardens To Yours! " Two Year Catalog N.W. Circle Blvd-" CorvallisJ OR 97330. Victorian, ($9 .95 ppd.) BOTH Books $12.90 Subscription: $2.00 ( d~ductible). CARLSON'S HIGHLAND SUCCULENTS. Your source for ppd. FREE NEWSLETTER, send stamp. GARDENS, Box 305-Ai=lA686, South Salem, the very rarest in Euphorbias, Pachpodiums, ROBERTA MOFFITT, PO Box 3597, Wil­ NY 10590. (91 4) 763-5958. Cycads, Caudiciforms, Crests, and Variegates. mingwn, DE 19807. Hundreds of other hard-to-find succulents. Send 1985 Edition EXOTICA 4, with 16,300 photos, $2.00 ($3.00 foreign ) for our expanded 1986 405 in color, 2,600 pages in 2 volumes, with Mail Order Catalog. Visitors welcome by ap­ Addenda of 1,000 Updates, by Dr. A. B. Graf, Ideal permanent evergreen ground coyer plants. Thrive in pointment. Box 133AH, Eureka Star Route, most soils, in sun or shade. Grows to an even height at 8 $187. TROPICA 3, revised 1986, 7,000 color Gallipolis, OH 45631 (614) 256-1428. inches. Plant 6 inches apart. Sturdy, well-rooted plants. photos, now 1,156 pages, $125. Exotic Plant postpaid: 50 - 513.95; 100 -524.95; 500 -599.95; 1000 GORGEOUS EPIPHYLLUMS (ORCHID -5175.00. Prompt shipments. Finest Quality Stock. Manual, 5th Ed., 4,200 photos, $37.50. Exotic Guaranteedto live or we'll replace tree upto 1 year. Folder CACTUS) ARE FEATURED IN OUR BRAND House Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Circulars on request. (N .Y. reSidents please add sales tax.) NEW 1986 PLANT CATALOG, INCLUDING gladly sent. ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Rutherford, PEEKSKILL NURSERIES, Box H.\Shrub Oak. N.Y. 10588 RATTAIL CACTI, HOYAS, CHRISTMAS AND NJ 07073. EASTER CACTUS, ETC. 38-PAGE, 1986 Gardening Machete Knife ~rn~~e?;~~!~:kf;/~~~a~~~g Books about Plants, Horticulture, Botany, PLANT/BOOKSHOP CATALOG NOW $11 . ea. ~-.... " . . ~h Landscaping, Pomology, Herbology any age. AVAILABLE ONLY $ 1.00. INCLUDES 95 2 for $20 "-- ~ 1000 Title Catalogue $1.00. POMONA BOOKS, The Mt. Rushmore Machete Knife is one of the most versatile tools COLOR PHOTOS, 225 + CACTUS BOOKS, you can own. Chop brush, transplant, split, cut kindling, even dig. Rockton, Ontario, Canada, LOR lXO. DISCOUNT SPECIALS, MORE! SEND $1.00 Made in Brazil by the famous Tramontina Co. Very Sharp.TOUGH Out of Print and scarce gardening and botanical NOW TO: RAINBOW GARDENS, BOX 721- Hardwood handle for flfIll grip. With a heavy canvas belt sheath. Great for camping. INDISPENSABLE! A lifelong companion. 12" books. Catalogs iss ued regularly. Please write AH66, LA HABRA, CA 90633-0721. 14-PAGE blade is the perfect size for home and farm. Satisfaction Guarantee to WHEELBARROW BOOKS, 22 Brangwyl'l BOOKSHOP CATALOGUE SENT FREE t. ushmore u I 0 BO)t Brook! n NY 11 Dept E Ave., Brighton, Sussex, BN1 8XG, England. UPON REQUEST WITH STAMP.

40 June 1986 T UN\Q~~ERGY-SA.V'NG RCH .. SU"-!S!USE COMBO! GREENHOUSEIS INSULATED OFFERING THE EXOTIC AND UNUSUAL met" fertilizer. In crease th e yield of rose, veg­ WINTER SUN SPACE CAN CONVERT ... Quality and satisfaction guaranteed . .. etabl e ga rd ens and indoor pl ants. Dea ler In­ TO A SUMMER SCREEN ROOM! (Cu rrent catalog $2- complete refund on your quiries Invited. FREE in fo rmation. Call or write: first plant order). K & L CACTUS & SUC­ LAWR ENCE A. POZARELLI , 3562 E. 80th CULENT NURSERY, 12712 Stockton Blvd. , St., Cleveland, OH 44105, (2 16) 641-1200. Galt, CA 95632. GARDEN LOVERS T-SHIRTS CACTUS Flower, vegetabl e or bird des igns. Choice of WINTER HARDY CACTUS to - 20°. Many styl es, colors, sizes. FREE INFO: Wri te to va ri eties. Send stamp for price li st. INTER­ THERE'S ALWAYS THE GARDEN, 32 W. MOUNTAIN CACTUS, 2344 South Redwood Anapamu # 267A, Santa Barbara, CA 93 101. Road, Salt Lake City, UT 84119. Money-back guarantee ! CARNIVOROUS PLANTS GARDEN ORNAMENTS Carnivorous, woodland terrarium plants and Bronze, Lead, and Stone in cludin g Topiary. 400 supplies. Book, The World ofCamivorous Plants, page ca talog avail abl e $8.00. Hard bound li ­ $8 .95 postpaid. Catalog FREE. PETER PAULS brary edition over 2,000 illustrations showing NURSERIES, Canandaigua, NY 14424. bird baths, benches, bronzes including tablets, CHATEA U PLANTERS cisterns, compasses, cupids, curbing, dolphins, NEW! MULTI-PURPOSE ROOM eagles, elephants, fini als, frogs, foxes, fruit bas­ Chatea u Planter Boxes. Classic design in wood, kets, gates and gate posts, Japanese lanterns, ADDS LIGHT, HEAT & SPACE. polyurethane finish pl astic insert. Four sizes: D Bronze aluminum D Shatter-re sistant glazing lead figures, li ons and li on masks, merm aids, $75.00 to $125.00. Ph otos and detail s $1.00- D No foundation s requ ired D Ea sy do-it-yourse lf pl anters, St. Francis, weathervanes. KENNETH assembly D Screen pa ckage optional D Ideal credit with order. Hundreds of delighted cus­ LYNCH & SONS, 78 Danbury Road, W il ton, tomers. JOE REED, Woodsmith, Georgetown, spa/hot tub room , foyer/entry way. CT 06897. ME 04548. Introductory Sale Includes GARDENING GLOVES DAYLILIES ROOF VENT & STORM/SCREEN DOOR GOATSK IN GLOVES. T ough, li ghtweight Daylili es " The Ultimate Perennial" we grow Keeps Your Sun-Porch '" CoolIn Summer goatskin stretches and becomes form-fi tting, hundreds of the finest cultiva rs avail abl e. Colo r giving wearer ultimate in fit, grip, dexteri ty . Send $2 for Color Catalogues, Prices, catalogue $1.00. GREENWOOD NURSERY, SENT FIRST CLASS MAIL. Natural lanolin in lea ther keeps ha nds soft. Sizes 2 EI Camino Ratel, Goleta, CA 93117. Dealer Inquiries Welcome 7-10 or se nd outline of hand. $8.50 postpaid. VEGETABLE FA CTORY, INC. DA YLILIES FOR THE COLLECTOR. Many PUTNAM'S, Box 295C, Wilton, NH 03086. colors-tetraploids, diploids, miniatures. Spuri a, P.O. Box 2235, Dept AH-86 New Yo rk , NY 10163 Louisiana IRISES. Catalog $1.00. CORDON GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES BLEU FARMS, Box 2033, San Marcos, CA COMPLETE M IST PROPAGATION SYS­ 92069. TEMS. Get phenomenal propagati on results­ DA YLILIES GALORE! Beautiful named hy­ Greater fin ancial yield! Unequalled-inex pen­ brids. Quantity Discounts. FREE catalog for sive-FREE brochure. AQUAMONITOR, Box stamped envelope. LEE BRISTOL NURSERY, 327, Dept. B, Huntington, NY 11 743. Its for Box SA, Gaylordsville, CT 06755. GREENHOUSE BOOKS ~ri"Eaft DRIP IRRIGATION GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT-SEC­ the Very Finest in Free Information. Id eal for Flowers, vegetables. OND EDITION by Robert W. Langhans, Cor­ Miniature Roses Save water, reduce disease, increase yie lds, sim­ nell University professo r. Info rmation on heat­ pl e operation, durable. MISER IRRIGATION, ing, cooling, waterin g, li ghting and pest control. Box 94616 AH, Lincoln, NE 68509-4616. 270 pages, 209 illustrations. Send $21.00 post­ paid to HALCYON PRESS OF ITHACA, 111 ~?JorY£aSf;, ~c . We carry the best DWARF CONIFERS ~ i~~\l(e Rose , Halcyon Hill Road, Ith aca, NY 14850. Over 180 types of dwarf conifers, small leaf 1'f\,!1 selection, featur- rhodies, andromeda & hollies. Many suitable GREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT ing the very best for bonsai. Describt: d by size, shape, color and FREE CATALOG- Save on equipment, pots, texture. 50-page catalog $2.00 (refundable). fl ats, baskets, soils, fertili ze rs. Send 22'1 stamp of the older and WASHINGTON EVERGREEN NURSERY, for postage. GROW-N-ENERGY, PO Box 508A, Box 388AH, LeicesteG NC 28748. Baldwin Pl ace, NY 10505. the very newest EXOTIC PLANTS HEATHS & HEATHERS varieties. " STALLINGS NURSERY DELIVERS!" Over Enjoy a colorful all -year HEATHER GARDEN ! 700 of the world's most beautiful plants! 250 Send SASE for descriptive 100-cultivar li st. genera listed, including many rare varieties of HEATHER GROWERS, Box 850, Elma, WA ,------I Hibiscus, Jasmines, Abutilons, subtropicals, 98541. Vines, Perennials, and more! Send $2.00 (re­ HERBS Send My Free Color fundable with fir st order) for our all-new mail­ i D i order Catalog and Supplement. STALLINGS Large selection of perennial and annual herbs. i Catalog Today! NURSERY (S ince 1945) 910-AH, Encinitas Catalog $1.50 (refundable with order). WREN­ Blvd., Encinitas, CA 92024. WOOD, Rte. 4, PO Box 361, Berkeley Springs, WV 25411. Name FERNS-HARDY AND EXOTIC HORTICULTURE THERAPY Rare spore grown woodland, xerophytic, alpine Address 50'1 doesn't buy much anymore. But 50'1 will and indoor species. Vi sitors welcome by ap­ , pointment. List $1.00. FOLIAGE GARDENS, pay all the costs of one square foot of garden City , space for an entire year in our horticulture th er­ ~------_=~------i Dept. S, 2003 128th Ave., S.E., Bellevue, WA State ZiP: 98005. (206) 747-2998. apy and rehabilitation program. For more in­ formation, contact Joe Krake, THE FLOWER 100% ORGANIC FERTILIZER POT GREENHOUSE, N.W. 18th Street, Rich­ for~t Miniature Roses, Inc. i 58 Hammond Street, Dept. AH Peruvian Seabird Guano. 100% organi c " Gour- mond, IN 47374. i ______~~_~!~!.:~ _~~~:~~~~_~:~t:_?.~~~~ ______j American Horticulturist 41 CLASSIFIEDS

Guidelines developed by experts on fertilizing, HOUSE PLANTS planting, pruning, seeding, pest control, and ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI more. Printouts include annual Maintenance & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1986-87 Schedule At-A-Glance. Select 0 LAWNS catalog $1.75. LAURAY OF SALISBURY, Rt. o PERENNIALS 0 SHRUBS. Send $6.95 41 (Undermountain Rd.), Salisbury, CT 06068 each, 2/$12, 3/$18 to COMPUSCAPE, Dept. (203) 435-2263. A, 54 Greenfield Dr., Trumbull, CT 06611. ANNOUNCING! Our new 1986-88 mailorder LECTURE catalog of Tropicals. Largest selection of choice Begonias, Geraniums, Jasmine, Citrus, Herbs, Dottie Temple, aaf, A.I.F.D. Former Chief White House Floral Decorator Available for lectures THE PERMANENT Phalaenopsis Orchids and more. Color catalog $3 .00. LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES, Dept. AH, and design seminars. For further information METAL GARDEN LABEL 55 North Street, Danielson, CT 06239. contact: DOTTIE TEMPLE, PO Box 923, Little Compton, RI 02837. Telephone: (800) 343-3343 A-Hairpin Style Markers 30 $7.65 Hoya: six cuts (three different species) $5.00; (office); (401) 635-4430 (home). B-Plant or Shrub Labels tOO $6.30 three rooted $8 .00. Postage $2.50 East, or $3 .50 C-Cap Style Markers 30 $8.10 West of Mississippi. List only $1.00. AD AS­ LILY BULBS D-Swinglng Style Markers 30 $6.50 E-Rose Markers 30 $7.20 TRA FLORA, Rte. 1, Box 333-A-2, Monticello, Long-lasting, choice lily bulbs for the HOME F-Tall Display Markers 30 S10.15 GA 31064. GARDEN. The best Hybrid varieties GUAR­ G-Tall Single Staff Markers 30 $7.45 ANTEED-TO-GROW. World's largest Offer­ H-Flag Style Markers 30 $6.15 INDOOR-OUTDOOR GARDENING ing of Lilium species. Color catalog, $1.00 (re­ J-Small Plant Labels 100 $6.30 SUPPLIES K-TIe-On Labels 100 $7.40 fundable). B&D LILIES, Dept. AH, 330 " P" M-Mlnature Markers 30 $6.10 "FREE CATALOGUE" . . . " LOWEST Street, Port Townsend, WA 08368. (206) 385- PRICES-TOP QUALITY SUPPLIES" . . . Plas- 1738. Special Quantity Prices Available Postage Prepaid tic pots, hanging baskets, peat pots, etc .... 2 Stamps . .. Postage ... PLANT COLLECT­ ORCHIDS IBLES, J03E Kenview Ave., Buffalo, NY 14217. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! Brome­ Introductory Offer: 1 Each; A, e, C, D, E, H, J, K Ii ads, Staghorn Ferns, Books, Peters Fertilizer, With Waterproof Crayon Only $2.75 FREE GROWING SUPPLIES CATALOG. Potting Mixes, Supplies for indoor and green­ Wholesale Prices! Fast Service! Pots, flats, la­ house culture. REQUEST CATALOG. FOX bels, fertilizer, tool5,P1ant stands. FPI-H, 2242 PAW PAW EVERLAST ORCHIDS, INC., 6615 West Markham, Little Palmer, Schaumburg, IL 60195. LABEL COMPANY Rock, AR 72205. P.o. Box 93-AH INTERESTED IN A SHADY DEAL? ORIENTAL VEGETABLE SEEDS Paw Paw, Michigan 49079-0093 INTERESTED IN A SHADY DEAL? Shade vegetables and ornamentals with SHADE OUR 10th ANNIVERSARY! More than 140 CLOTH. Custom fabricated with reinforced varieties of oriental vegetables; and many ori­ binding and brass grommets. Write or call col­ ental cookbooks in English available. Send 44¢ lect (404) 778-8654 8:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. EST (stamps) for catalog. SUNRISE ORIENTAL weekdays. FREE informational kit. MASTER­ SEED CO., PO Box 10058, Elmwood, CT 06110. Join Us in San CARD. VISA. Yonah Manufacturing Com­ PALMS AHS, Cornelia, GA 30531. ~BoX280 DWARF RHAPIS EXCELSA. Green and var­ Francisco! IRIS iegated "Lady Palms" for your home, patio, and SIBERIAN AND SPURIA IRIS. These easy to landscape. Elegant, long-lived, low-light. Rhapis for the 41st Annual grow Iri s form graceful and beautiful clumps Book $5.00. Catalog $1.00. RHAPIS GAR­ DENS, PO Box 287-A, Gregory, TX 78359. Meeting of the American ideally suited to the perennial garden. Excellent as cut flowers! FREE descriptive price list avail­ PERENNIALS Horticultural Society able upon request. CHEHALEM GARDENS, PO Box 693-AH, Newberg, OR 97132. We offer a good selection of sturdy plants. Send August 13-16, 1986 $1.00 for Plant List (rdundable). CAMELOT IRISES NORTH, R2, Pequot Lakes, MN 56472. Irises. All Types. Including Florentine for Orris. Over 800 varieties of perennials. Send $2.00 "Beautiful it Bountiful: List $1.00. THE IRIS POND, 7311 Churchill (refundable) for catalog. CROWNSVILLE lIorticulture's Legacy to Rd., McLean, VA 22101. NURSERY, 1241 Generals Highway, Crowns­ ville, MD 21032. the Future" JAPANESE IRIS Japanese Iris-including Dr. Ackerman's Intro­ Broad collection of perennials, including rock it ductions, Peonies, Daylilies and Hosta. 1986 garden plants, hardy fuchsias, Helianthemums. Catalog $1.00-refundable with first order. Catalog $1.50 (refundable with order). WREN­ Looking Ahead- CAPRICE FARM NURSERY, 15425 SW Pleas­ WOOD, Rte. 4, PO Box 361, Berkeley Springs, ant Hill Rd., Sherwood, OR 97140 (503) 625- WV 25411. Make plans now to attend the 7241. PLANTS-RARE BUT AFFORDABLE 42nd Annual Meeting of the JASMINES Extensive selection: * American Natives' Out­ standing Ornamentals * Uncommon Conifers * American Horticultural Poet's, Night Blooming, Jasmine Polyanthe­ mum, Four for $7.50. List 30¢. EDNA WELSH, Perennials * Hardiest Eucalyptus ,. Wildlife Plants. Society in /Yew York City, Rte. 3, Box 1700, Madison, FL 32340. * Affordable containerized starter-plants. Inform­ ative catalog-$2.00. FORESTFARM, 990 Teth­ May 13-16,1987. KOI erah, Williams, OR 97544. Finest Quality Japanese Koi, 3" to 28", $15.00 PLANTS-SCARCE AND UNUSUAL "Parks, Penthouses and to $1,000.00 each. Philadelphia area. Call: Windowsills: Weekdays: (215) 563-3336; Evenings/week­ Distinctive plants for your garden and land­ ends: (215) 667-7340. scape. Scarc:e, unusual and many old favorites. Gardening in the City" Well established in pots ready for you to grow LANDSCAPING on. FREE catalogue. APPALACHIAN GAR­ LANDSCAPE LIKE A PROFESSIONAL. DENS, Box 82, Waynesboro, PA 17268.

42 June 1986 AIlS PRE· c,., POST· ANNUAL MEETING

PLUMERIAS AND EXCITING TROPICALS SEEDS TOURS Rainbows of color, enchanting fragrances, over 75th ANNIVERSARY EDITION of J.L. HUD­ "ORNAMENfAL 50 N amed Plumerias (Frangipani ) cuttings and SON 'S famous catalog. WORLD'S LARGEST PLANTS & GARDENS" plants. Also rare bulbs, gi ngers, books and more! SELECTION of quality rare seeds from every Catalog $1.00. THE PLUMERIA PEOPLE, PO continent. Thousands of hard-to-find exoti cs, "Ornamental Plants &> Gardens of Box 820014, Houston, TX 77272-0014. fl owers, bulbs, houseplants, hard y perennials, Southern California" trees, ferns, alpines. Rare herbs, medi cinal, edi­ Pre· Annual Meeting Tour: POSITION WANTED ble plants. Europea n and O ri ental vegetables. AUgust 4·12, 1986 EXPERT PROPERTY CA RE . La nd, Flora, Hundreds of ex clusives. Reasona bl e prices. Arrive in San Diego and begin with a Structures, Administration capably handled. World 's most informative catalog, packed with horticultura l tour of the San Diego Zoo Permanent posi ti on sought with responsi bili­ illustrations, cultural and historical informa­ ties. Will live on site. L.S. , P.O. Box 761, OJa i, ti on, $1.00. WORLD SEED SERVI CE, J.L. and Balboa Park. Continue on to San CA 93023. Hudson, Seedsman, Box 1058-AT, Redwood Juan Capistrano, the Sherman Library City , CA 94064. and Gardens and Roger's Gardens. Tour RARE FRUIT THE WORLD'S LARGEST and most famous the private gardens of Robert M. Fletcher, You will enjoy these benefits when you become seed ca talog. Over 200 pages, 4,000 va ri eties , noted Los Angeles landscape architect, a member of the INDOOR CITRUS AND RARE 1,000 color pictures. A major book of reference. with stops a t Burpee's, the Sandy Land FRUIT SOCIETY: Finder's service; special prices The Encyclopedi a of how and what to grow on books of tropical and subtropical fruits; 16- Nursery and Lotusland, the private es­ from seed. The Bible of seed catalogs to gar­ page quarterly newsletter that updates resea rch ta te of Ga na Walska. Enjoy the Mi ssion deners in over 100 countri es. Vegetables, pot on citrus and other rare fruits. Membership: and the Botanic Garden in Santa Bar­ pl ants, exoti cs , perennials, alpines, rockery, lat­ U.S . $15 per year, outsi de U.S. and Canada, bara, the fl ower fi elds of Lompoc, St. est and best annuals, trees, shru bs , bulbs from $18. Write to INDOOR CITRUS AND RARE Simeon, Monterey and Carmel. See the seed with rare items unobtainable elsewhere. FRUIT SOCIETY, 176 Coronado Ave. , Los Write for FREE copy, all owing three weeks or Begonia Display in Capitola a nd the Bo­ Altos, CA 94022. enclose $2.00 for First Class mail: THOMP­ tanic Garden a t U.C. Santa Cruz, arriv­ RARE TROPICALS SON & MORGAN, INC., Dept. AHC, PO Box ing at the Fairmont Hotel on Tuesday, Aroids, Bromeli ads, Cycads, Palms, Pl atycer­ 1308, Jackson, NJ 08527. August 12, in time for the 41st Annual iums, o thers. Li st-stamp. JERR Y H ORNE, SEEDS-SUN AND SHADE PLANTS Meeting of the Ameri can Horticultural 101 95 S.W. 70 Street, Miami, FL 33173. Seedling Hostas, $37.50150. Hosta, Lily, Iri s, Society. RHODODENDRONS Daylily seeds. List $1.00. HO LID AY SEEDS, "Ornamental Plants &> Gardens of RHO DODENDRONS for the woodland, land­ 4276 Durham Ci rcle, Stone Mountain, GA the Pacific Northwest" scape, and rock garden. Select from over 400 30083. Post· Annual Meeting Tour: varieties. Free Listing. CARDINAL NURSER Y, TETRAPLOID DA YLlLlES AUgust 19·22, 1986 Rte. 1, Box 316M, State Road, NC 28676. (919) Over 450 hybrids; exoti c new Tetraploid In­ Continue your horticultura l explora­ 874-2027. troducti ons. Catalog $1.00, deductible with o r­ tions by traveling to the Pacific North­ RHODODENDRONS & AZALEAS der for plants. SEA-WRIGHT GA RDENS, 134 west. Visit Portland, Oregon and tour Indian Hill, Carlisle, MA 01741 (6 17) 369-2172. SPECIALIZING IN THE UNUSUAL. Dwarf the Japanese Garden, the International Visitors welcome! Rhododendrons, Evergreen & Deciduous Azal­ Rose Garden and Western Forestry Cen­ eas, Dwarf Conifers, Companion Plants. Cat­ TOPIARY ter. Enjoy the Hoyt Arboretum and the alog $1.00, refundable. THE CUMMINS GAR­ PLANTED TOPIARY SCULPTURES SHIPPED Berry Bota nic Garden. Journey on to Se­ DEN, 22 Robertsville Rd., Marlboro, NJ 07746. ANYWHERE. FRAMES TOO & CUSTO M attle, Washington via Mount St. Helens. (201 ) 536-2591. WORK. MANY DIFFERENT DESIGNS. FREE From the devastation of Mount St. Hel­ LIST. SEND S.A.S.E. (2 -sta mps) : EXOTIC Largest selection of Rhododendrons and Azal­ ens on to Mount Rainier a nd the beauty eas on the East Coast with many new va rieties. BLOSSOMS@, PO Box 2436, Philadelphia, PA of the Rhododendron Species Founda­ Mail order catalog $2.00. ROSLYN NURS­ 19147. tion. Tour Freeway Pa rk, the Seattle ERY~ Dept. AH, Box 69, Roslyn, NY 11576 . TOPIAR Y animal sculptures. Over 100 designs: waterfront, the Carl English Garden, the CHOICE AND HARD-TO-FIND Azaleas and frames, stuffed or planted. Free li st. TOPIARY Rhododendrons-hardy and large enough to be ART WORKS & GREENHOUSES, PO Box University of Washington campus and transplanted directly " From Our Gardens To 574, Clearwater, KS 67026. Phone: (316) 584- the Washington Park Arboretum. End Yours! "- Two Year Catalog Subscription: $2.00 2366. this wonderful tour by visiting Molh­ (deductible). CARLSON'S GARDENS, Box 305- TREE PROBLEMS bak's Garden Center and the st. Michelle AHR686, South Salem, NY 10590. (9 14) 763- For FREE DIRECTORY of American Society Winery and Grounds. Overnight accom­ 5958. of Consulting Arborists, experts on care, ap­ modations will be at the Mayflower Park ROCK GARDEN PLANTS praisals, casualty losses and legal problems, write: Hotel in Seattle. Rare Alpines, Wildflowers, Dwarf Conifers, ASCA, 700 Canterbury Road, Clearwater, FL 33546. Groundcovers, Colorful Rock Plants, Hardy Please send me more information on Rhododendrons, Books. Catalog $1. RI CE UNUSUAL PLANTS these exciting and informational tours: CREEK GARDENS, 1315 66th Ave. NE, Min­ RARE, UNUSUAL PLANTS-@therwise com­ o Pre· Annual Meeting Tour-South· neapolis, MN 55432. (612) 574-1197. mercially unavailable-for botanic collections, ern Calif'ornia SEDUM & SEMPERVIVUM landscaping, home, office-130 Bamboo, in­ o Post· Annual Meeting Tour-Pa· cluding giants, medium-sized, dwarfs, green and Cold and drought hardy, colorful, easy care. cific Northwest variegated, 90 cycads, 180 palms. 1,000 plant Sampler 12/$10.45. Catalog 50\1, FREE with and gardening books. Three seasonal catalogs order. ALPINE GARDENS, 15920A S.W. Ob­ Name ______$5. ENDANGERED SPECIES, Box 1830, Tus- erst, Sherwood, OR 97140. 9!!., CA 92681-1830. Address ______SEDUMS Baobaba, Rare Succulents, Caudiciforms, San­ Tall, medium, carpeting sedums. Many un­ sevieries, Low Light Plants and Other Exotics. usual. Catalog $1.50 (refundable with order). Price list and periodic newsletters, $1.50, de­ City State __ Zip ______WRENWOOD, Rte. 4, PO Box 361, Berkeley Guctible from first order. SINGERS', 17806 MAIL TO: Elizabeth Smith, AHS , PO Box Springs, WV 25411. Plummer St., AH, Northridge, CA 91325. 0105, Mt. Vernon, VA 22121.

American Horticulturist 43 mE DESIGN PAGE Border Textures

hen most gardeners plan a her­ baceous border, their first con­ Wcern is color, whether it is a riot of red, yellow and purple, or a subtle sea of shifting lavender and pink. However, in their quest for as much color for as long as possible, they often choose plants that turn out looking like lovely but disem­ bodied heads suspended on invisible stems. But what about the rest of the plant, or the rest of the year? What does phlox look like in May and June, or Anemone x hy­ brida in June and July? How does a peony appear as it breaks through the soil, even before its leaves unfurl? And what does it look like by the end of a hot, dry summer? A gardener should know what each plant's foliage looks like in every season-for ex­ ample, in the luminescent gray light of a spring shower and in the glare of summer at noontime. If a border is designed for bloom from May to August, probably only about one­ third to one-half of the plants will be in bloom at anyone time. During the rest of A gardener should know what each plant's foliage looks like in every season. In this border, the growing season, it is foliage that gives the foliages of Nepeta mussinii, Alchemilla vulgaris, Iris and Geranium endressii provide an a border the underlying strength and sub­ interesting series of contrasts. tlety needed to carry it through slack pe­ riods. Foliage also adds richness and depth either daylilies or bearded iris. These bor­ cluded blue-and-white Campanula persi­ during peak blooming time. ders were well positioned around a series cifolia; clumps of hardy Geranium en­ When designing a border, I'm as sus­ of terraces opening from various rooms of dressii 'Wargrave's Pink', which sports ceptible to the delights of color as the next the house, and were certainly colorful, but finely divided leaves; and Dictamnus al­ gardener, so I sometimes try to visualize once the iris season was over, they were bus, which bears glossy pinnate leaves. We the proposed plan in my mind as if it were downright dull. Although the daylily bor­ added Alchemilla vulgaris (commonly called a black-and-white photograph. That way, ders were planned for a longer season of lady's mantle) for its light touch of form blobs of color no longer compete for my bloom, they, too, lacked enough interest and the color it provides through midsum­ attention; I can imagine the sunlight catch­ to sustain them for more than a weekend. mer, and Anemone x hybrida (often sold ing the ragged edge of Delphinium leaves, Daylily and iris foliage are fine, but when as A. japonica), which contributes grape­ or the contrast between a dark, heavy mass they are used in such quantity, they look like foliage and late bloom. of Bergenia cordifolia and a froth of Gyp­ like so much cabbage. To make these Horticulturally speaking, these addi­ sophila paniculata. In black and white, the borders more interesting, I realized that tions were not terribly adventuresome. shape, pattern and texture of leaves-the their period of bloom would have to be However, the idea was simply to select placement of leaves on the stems, how light extended. In addition I planned to add plants whose foliage and form would com­ settles on the leaves' rough or smooth sur­ textural variety, using only easily grown plement the flowers throughout the sea­ faces, and the foliage of each plant inter­ plants in order to keep maintenance to a son. While the iris and peonies are in bloom, acting with that of surrounding plants­ mInImum. the campanulas are still willowy, green are all important. The first thing we did was to yank out stalks-vertical accents that gently con­ As part of a recent project, I was called one-third to two-thirds of the plants. We trast with (but do not compete with) the upon to redesign several existing borders. then added 'Sea Shell' peonies to the bor­ border's major show. Then, as the cam­ Originally designed to delight the eye with ders dominated by iris. These striking plants panulas appear, the geraniums serve as a a mass of color during the former owner's offer strong foliage, as well as single pink mildly interesting ground cover, with their weekend visits, the beds were solid with blooms in June. Other major additions in- scattering of pink flowers. By then, the

44 June 1986 PlANTS NEED MINERALS EngIish Lead Hare NOT MIRACLES .•• Order Toll Free: spiky iris leaves have faded into the back­ Made in Alabama 800·841·1105 ground, and the peonies look rather like ~~ In NY & Alaska: 516·922·9176 regal, dark green shrubs. ~ That's why we formulated Multi­ By midsummer, the anemone leaves have mineral GREEN CROSS Wintercare (2 -20- come on nicely, and the lady's-mantle be­ 10), an exclusive granular nutritional formula speCifically designed to harden stems, comes a chartreuse froth, interrupted by a strengthen roots, reduce winter, wind, dieback, few clumps of daylilies with sprawling, acid rain and drought injury. Loaded with slender, arching leaves. Late in the season, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, IRON ... ALL MINERALS-NO FILLERS. GREEN the lady's-mantle is cut back to its downy, CROSS Wintercare fortifies and protects roses, lace-edged leaves, and the rest of the bor­ camellias, rhododendron, azaleas, trees, shrubs, der's fo li age serves as a varied background perennials ... all plants. Results are cumulative with continued use. Patent Pending. for the flowers of Anemone x hybrida. As for the daylily border, we wanted to 1.5Ibs.-$7.95 rrreats 6 Plants) II 5.0 Ibs.-$14.95 rrreats 20 Plants) """, give it a character that would change when 25 Ibs.-$32.99 rrreats 100 Plants) viewed from different parts of the garden. * SPEaAL 10% OFF ORDERS OF 100 lBS. OR MORE Prices Postpaid in USA. Canada, AK, HI , PR We also wanted to establish plant com­ add 25% . Orders shipped UPS. binations that would highlight each plant's Send check to: Green Cross Wintercare Inc., P.O. Box 195 Dept H, Oyster Bay, NY 11771- 516-922-9176. individual qualities. For contrast, we Name: ______planted Bergenia cordifolia in front of the Address: ______border, near Eryngium a/pinum. E. a/­ pinum, with its deeply jagged lower leaves S231. 00 delivered. Send City: _____ State: __ Zip: ___ and spiky, silver-blue upper leaves and S5.00 for 130-page catalog. Phone: ______bracts, seems to bring out the roundness -_ Please RUSH a FREE Brochure. of its cabbage-like companion. Southern Statuary &. Also auailable through: Smith & Hawken, Van Toward the rear of the border, the feath­ Stone Bourgondien, Brookstone (Plantijreeze), Gardener's Eden, Mc Fayden Seed (Canada) catologs and the ery, silver fingers of Artemisia abrotanum 3401 5th Ave. South, finest horticultural nurseries. (southernwood) and A. ludoviciana var. Bimlingharn, AL 35222 DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED albula 'Silver Queen' serve to highlight the L YOU CAN TRUST THE GREEN CROSSI.J strong details of the bracts of Eryngium ------alpinum. At the same time, E. a/pinum makes the finely divided foliage of Artem­ isia appear more distinctive. The silver­ ADS '&avel Progrant powdered foliage of Achillea 'Coronation Gold', planted near E. alpinum makes the latter's fo li age look softer and the plant's Southern California (August 4-10). Join not open to the general public, Autumn intrinsic thorniness even more apparent. our pre-Annual-Meeting tour of botanical foliage and chrysanthemum festivals are Eryngium, in turn, emphasizes the details gardens, arboreta, nurseries, parks and special features. Leader: Ernie Chew. of the finely toothed foliage of Achillea. private gardens in southern and central Chesapeake Fall Foliage Crnise (October California, from San Diego and LDs An­ Amid the remaining daylilies, evergreen 8-18). Cruise the spectacular Chesa­ geles to San Francisco. Leaders: Robert peake Bay on the MIV America during Yucca filamentosa helps to anchor the M, Fletcher and Dennis R Pittenger. the fall foliage season, Visit such historic borders and to provide dramatic tension. Pacific Northwest (August 19-24). Join and exquisite landmarks as Williams­ It was our thinking that the texture of our post-Annual-Meeting tour to botani­ burg and Portsmouth, Virginia. the borders should appear distinctly dif­ cal gardens, arboreta, nurseries, parks ferent from different vantage points. Viewed and private gardens, from San Francisco from inside the house or from the terrace, to Seattle and British Columbia. Leader: YES! Please send me more information the individual textures of the plants in the John Wott, on the tours I have checked below: borders contrast with and complement one Wildflowers of Western Australia (Sep­ o Southern California another nicely. But when seen from the tember 24-0ctober 12), Join AHS and o Pacific Northwest drive or from deep in the woods, these Virginia Wildflower Preservation Society o Wildflowers of Western Australia borders look like a haze of silver-blue and members on a tour of natural areas and o Island Gardens and Wildflowers yellow. When viewed from a closer dis­ gardens featuring wild plants of Aus­ o Autumn Tour of Japan tralia. Leader: Dr, StanW)'ll G, Shetler. tance, the clumps of Yucca filamentosa and o Chesapeake Fall Foliage Cruise Island Gardens and Wildflowers (Sep­ large, dark green shrubs of Rosa rugosa tember 14-20). Learn about the native Nrune ______'Frau Dagmar Hartopp' stand out as strong plants of these islands by visiting natural focal points. As one moves between the areas and private gardens. Leader: Polly Address ______borders, the subtle shift of textures keeps Pierce, PreSident, New England Wild the garden vibrant right up to the first hard Flower SOciety. City ______State __ Zip __ frost. 0 -Margaret Hensel Autumn Tour of Japan (October 19-No­ MAIL TO: Elizabeth Smith, American Horticultural vember 6). Explore unique private gar­ Society, PO Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. Margaret Hensel is a landscape designer and dens as well as state and temple gardens writer living in western Massachusetts.

American Horticulturist 45 In 1908 Hans Heistad designed rock-walled rooms and furniture to fit them at Weatherend Estate. The little girl behind the dog was his daughter; today she visits our showroom and production facility periodically to see that her father's belief in durability and workmanship is adhered to. The pieces in the photograph have lasted 77 years and we build our modern pieces to last even longer.

For a one-year s ubscrip tion to Imag ineering literature, including a complete portfolio of Weatherend Estate Furniture with painted mahogany sample, p lease send $10 to us at:

PO Box 648AI, Rockland, ME 04841 207-596-6483 Available locally in Boston, New York Ci ty, DC, West Palm Beach, Dallas, Houston, Denver, L.A" San Francisco, Seattle, and o ther areas throughout the continental U.s. © 1986 ImClgineering. Inc.