;
THE POUR OLD LODGES,
fbuntord of JHolrirn Jfrremasonrg,
AND THEIR DESCENDANTS.
A RECORD OF THE PROGRESS OF THE CRAFT IN ENGLAND AND OF THE CAREER OF EVERY REGULAR LODGE DOWN TO THE UNION OF 1813.
With an Authentic Compilation of Descriptive Lists for Historic Reference.
By ROBERT FREKE GOULD,
IaATS SlflT RlGIMKNT, BARRISTER- AT- LAW.
Past Ages have like Rivers conveied downe to us, (upon the floats) the more light and sophistocall pieces of Learning but what were Profound and Misterious, the weight and solidify thereof svnlce to the Bottome; whence every one who attempts to dive, cannot easily fetch them up. Brother Elias Ashmoli (a.d. 1652).
LONDON: SPENCER'S MASONIC DEPOT, Opposite Frumasons' Hall.
1879.
22 3. A - 11 TO
JOHN HAVEES, Esq.
Past Geand Wabden,
In admiration of unrivalled Services rendered to English Masonry, within Living Memory;
This Kecord of MASONIC PROGRESS
Is Kespectfully and Fraternally Dedicated,
BT THE AUTHOR. .
TABLE OP CONTENTS.
Section Page Section Pat't Design of Work 1 1 Position and Privileges of the London Masons 18 19 Parallelism between Grand Lodges of England and Bro. William Preston 18 20 Scotland ... 1 1 Secession of the Lodge of Antiquity 19 21
Revival < f Masonry, a.d. 1717 2 2 Four Grand Lodges of England a.d. 1779 20 22 Lilt of Lodges (Constitutions), 1723 3 2 Precedency of the Grand Stewards' Lodge 21 22 l ist of Lodges (Bowen), 1723 4 3 Legality and Masonic character of the Grand Lodge List of Lodges (Pine), 1725 4 3 disputed 22 23 Lists of " Old " Lodges, 1729-30 5 4 The " Complete Freemason/' or "Malta Paucis "... 22 23
List of " Old " Lodges, 1738 6 4 General Assemblies ...... 22 23 Lists of " Old " Lodges, 1736-1878 7 5 Manifesto of the Lodge of Antiquity 23 26 Difficulties of Lodge Identification 8 5 Old Regulations versus New Regulations ... 24 29 Original No. 1 now Lodge of Antiquity, No. 2 9 6 Composition of Grand Lodge...... 24 30 Original No. 2 10 6 Committee of Charity 21 31 Original No. 3 now Fortitude and 0. C. Lodge, No 12 11 7 Privileges of the Grand Steward! 24 31
Original No. 4 now Royal Somerset and Inverness, Ancient Land Marks ... 25 32 No. 4 12 7 The Great Schism of 1739-1813 26 33 Publication of Books of Constitution 13 7 The Royal Arch Degree 26 35 Dr. Anderson's Statements borne ont by G. Lodge Protest of the York Masons 27 35 Records 13 7 Union of the " Moderns " and " Ancients " 28 36 Precedency—Regulations in regard to 13 9 Origin of Freemasonry 29 37 Distinguished Members of Original No. 4 ... 13 9 Simplicity of the Original Mason io Rite 29 39 Operative and Speculative elements of the Society... 13 9 Degrees in Freemasonry 29 39 Grand Masters Sayer, Payne, and Desaguliers 13 10 Original Plan of Freemasonry 29 41 " " " " Lists of "Old" Lodges, 1739.40; 1755-56; and 1768 14 10 Passing and Raising by Four Old Lodges . . 30 42 The Friendship Lodge, No. 6; British, No. 8; W. Status of Lodge of Antiquity ... 31 42 and Keystone, No. 10; Royal A pha, No. 16; Lapse of Original No. 2 32 42
Tuscan, No. 14; Old Dundee, No. 18 ; and Royal Status of Fortitude and O. C. Lodge 33 42 Kent Lodge of Antiquity, No. 20 15 12 Status of the Royal Somerset House and Inverness Old Lodges aud Old Tavern Signs 16 13 Lodge 34 45 Summary of Lodge Lists referred to 16 16 Periods of Establishment of Four Old Lodges 35 45 Early usages of Masons 17 17 Analogy between Grand Lodges of England ar.d Regulations enacted by the Grand Lodge ... 17 17 Scotland ... 36 46 The Four Old Lodges—Preston's account of 18 18 Superoeasion of Four Old Lodges 36 47
APPENDIX.
Page Page List or Lodges—1725-29 49 List or Lodois—1756-69 57 1730 60 1770-80 62 1736-39 61 1781-91 68 1740-55 63 1792-1813 75 Addenda, it Cosaiosnda Page 82
# THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
PART I.
§ 1.—I. It is the design of the following remarks, pri- Grand Lodge of England, remains to be written; our marily, to elucidate the history and status of the survivors premier Lodges yet await an adequate and enduring of the Four Old Lodges who, on the Festival of St. John memorial, of their exertions as the pioneers of Masonic the Baptist a.d., 1717, met and instituted the premier progress; neither have they been compensated for this Grand Lodge of the World (*) —and, incidentally, to trace neglect of the Craft, by any especial favours from Grand back to their earliest periods and places of assembly in the Lodge, which has not judged it unreasonable that the last century, various Lodges now existing, which were equanimity of its " Masonic parents " should be periodi- called into being during the half century immediately cally disturbed, by having passed over their heads Lodges following such Masonic revival. of later date, to higher positions of rank and precedency.
We all, as Masons, enter into the original inheritance of The following slight sketch of the history and privileges tradition, but there is no brother who has a larger share of the Four Old Lodges, is, in the main, based on materials in that noble inheritance, than he who has had the good accessible to the entire Craft, viz., the Constitutions, pub- fortune to be received into the Craft, under the auspices lished from time to time by order of Grand Lodge ; the of either of those old Lodges, whose vigorous offspring, the various lists of Lodges, the " Illustrations of Masonry," by United Grand Lodge of England, has now attained such a the late W. Preston, and other well known Masonic Text meridian splendour. Books. An interest, however, in the Time Immemorial Lodges, is not restricted to their own members, since every brother II. It is a curious coincidence, that the establishment of holding under the English Constitution, is directly con- the Grand Lodge of Scotland, on 30th Nov. 1736, was also cerned in the history, privileges, and status, of the Masonic due to the exertions of Four Metropolitan Lodges (Edin- parents of all English Lodges now existing. But our burgh), who convened a meeting "at St. Mary's Chapell," " " Old Lodges " have, in truth, been too much neglected and in order to concur in the election of a Grand Master." forgotten, to the lasting reproach of the English Craft; Thirty-three Lodges are recorded to have been represented not so, however, under the Masonic government of a sister on this occasion, and at the first Quarterly Communication, kingdom—the old Lodges of Scotland are encircled by a all Lodges who were not regularly constituted were enjoined halo of prestige, enjoy an honourable precedency over all to apply for a new Constitution, in order that they might
Lodges of later date, and in Bros. D. M. Lyon and Laurie (*) be enrolled on the Grand Lodge Registry ; and those who have found able chroniclers, with whom it has indeed been had been properly constituted were required to exhibit their a labour of love, to dilate upon their unrivalled antiquity. patents for confirmation thereof. In consequence of this, all for Constitutions The oldest Lodge records in the world, those of the Lodge almost the Lodges applied new , and voluntary renunciation of their former of Edinburgh, St Mary's Chapel, No. 1 ; the archives of by a ready and rights, evinced the steadiness of their attachment to the the Grand Lodge of Scotland ; the store of manuscripts preserved in Mother Kilwinning, and other pro-eighteenth Grand Lodge of Scotland, and their unfeigned acknow- century Lodges, having each in turn been laid under con- ledgment of her jurisdiction and power. (*) tribution by these indefatigable brethren. It will be convenient to proceed, firstly, with a chrono- Old Lodges secondly, with With us, however, a history of Freemasonry and the logical record of the Four ; a consideration of the especial privileges (if any) stipulated
1 the Union. ( ) Hughan, Maeonio Memorials of 3 ( ) History of the Lodge of Edinburgh, D. M. Lyon. History of Freemasonry and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, Laurie. (') Laurie, pp 97, 101, § 88 (V.) 1 —— — — ——— .
2 THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
VII. Hinry Branson Master. for by, and accorded to them ; and, thirdly, with some Henry Lug . Wardens. concluding observations on their status at the present John Townshend day. vm.— Master.
Jonathan Sisson . Wardens. John Shipton § 2.—" And after the Rebellion was over, A.D. 1716,* the few lodges Christopher Wren, at London, finding themselves neglected by Sir IX. George Owen, M.D. Master. thought fit to cement under a Grand Master, as the Centre of Union Eman Bowen and Harmony, viz., the Lodges that met Wardens. John Heath . 1. At the Qoose and Gridiron Ale-house in St. Pauls Churchyard. X.— Master. 2. At the Crown Ale-house in Parkers Lane near Drury Lane. John Lnbton Wardens. 8. At the Apple Tree Tavern in Charles Street, Covent Qarden. Riohard Smith
4. At the Rummer and Grapes Tavern in Channel Bow, Westminster. XI. Francis, Earl o? Dalkeith ( Master. Gapt. Andrew Robinson " They and some old Brothers met at the said Apple Tree, and Wardens. having put into the chair the oldest Master Mason (now the Master Col. Thomas Inwood of a Lodge), they constituted a Grand Lodge pro tempore in dueform, XII.—John Beal, M.D. and F.R.S Master. and forthwith revived the Quarterly Communication of the Officers of Edward Pawlet, Esq. . Lodges (caird the Grand Lodge), resolved to hold the annual Wardens. Charles More, Esq. assembly and Feast, and then to chuse a Grand Master from among themselves till they should have the Honour of a noble Brother at XQI. Thomas Morris jun. . Master. their Head. Joseph Ridler Wardens. Accordingly John Clark • On St. John Baptist day, in the 3rd year of King George the 1st, A.D. — XIV. Thomas Robbe, Esq. • Master. 1717, THE ASSEMBLY and Feast of the Free and Accepted Masons Thomas Grave was held at the foresaid Goose and Gridiron Alehouse. Wardens. Bray Lane " Before Dinner, the oldest Master Mason (now the Master of a
Lodge) in the chair, proposed a list of proper candidates : and the XV.—Mr. John Shepherd . Master. John Senex . Brethren by a majority of hands elected Wardens. John Bucler ... Mr. ANTONY BAYER Gentleman Grand Master of Masons, forthwith in- Mr. Jacob Lamball XVI.— John Georges, Esq. Master. who being C } Grand Robert Gray, Esq. vested with the Badges J Carpenter > Wft , „ Wardens. of Office and Power by the (.Capt. Joseph Elliot,) Charles Grymes, Esq. . said Oldest Master and i natal I'd was duly congratulated by the XVII.—James Anderson, A.M.( 6 Master. Assembly who pay'd him the Homage." ) The ^mm$ of this
Gwinn Vangban, Esq. . Wardens. Walter Greenwood, Esq. § 3.—LIST OP LODGES, No. 1. XVIII.—Thomas Harbin Master. The following is the first List of Lodges ever printed, William Attley Wardens. and was appended to the earliest Book of Constitutions, John Saxon . published in 1723. XIX Robert Ca pell Master. Isaac Mansfield The " Approbation " of this work § 18 (VL) imme- Wardens. William Bly . diately preceded the signatures of the undermentioned XX. John Gorman Master. brethren. §§ 17 (V.) and 23 (IV). Charles Garey Wardens. Philip, Duke of Wharton, GRAND MASTER. Edward Morphey
1 J.T. Dksaouliers( ), LL.D. and F.R.S., Deputy Grand Master. (') Grand Master 1719. Joshua Timson, Blacksmith) ^ GlAKD Wabd«hs.„ Whlum Hawkins, Maaon j (*) Grand Master 1717.
: And the Masters and Wardens of particular Lodges, viz. ( > ) Grand Master 1718 and 1720. L Thomas Morris sen. Master, 4 The author of E.A. song, the words of which are bound John Bristow ( ) Wardens. up with this Edition of the Constitutions, headed " by the late Mr. Abraham Abbot . j Mat. Birkhead." IL Richard Hall . Master, 5 Philip Wolverston . Grand Master Wardens. ( ) 1723. John Doyer . j e Author (or Editor) of the " Book of Constitutions," published John Turner Master, ( ) m. " " Anthony Sayer 2 by the Grand Lodge of England in 1723 and 1738 respectively. ( ) Wardens. Edward Oale j The above list comprises the four old Lodges, together IT.—Mr. George Patnr(«) Master. Stephen Hall, M.D. Wardens. with sixteen new Lodges, constituted between 1717 and Francis Sorell, Esq. I Y.—Mr. Math. Birkhead( 4 Master. 1723. It will be seen that Bro. Anthony Sayer, the Francis Baily Wardens. premier Grand Master of Freemasons, was a member of Nioholas Abraham c I VI. William Read Master. original No. 3, and Bro. George Payne, his successor in the
John Glover . I Wardens. Grand Mastership, a member of original No. 4. Indeed, Robert Cordell to the close connection between Bro. Payne and this latter
• Constitutions 1788, p 109. Lodge is entirely due its present continuance on the roll. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 3
LIST No. 8. § 4.—LIST No. 2. (Engraved List 1726 .•) LIST OP LODGES—1723. A List of the REGULAR Lodges as constituted till March 25th. Earl of Dalkiith G.M. 1723. Printed for and sold by I. Pine, engraver, over against little Britain and in Aldersgate Street. (At bottom of 1st page.) Lint No. i. Sipma of the Houses. Signs of the Houses. 1 Gooee and Gridiron ... St. Paul's Church yard Goose and Gridiron St. Paul's Church yard 3 Queen's Head ... Knave's Acre Queen's Head Knave's Acre 2 Queen's Head ... Turnstile Queen's Head Turnstile 5 Cheshire Cheese ...... Arundel St. Out 4 Horn ... Westminster Horn Westminster King's Head ... Ivy Lane King's Head Ivy Lane 9 Griffin ... Newgate Street Griffin Newgate St. 3 Cranes ... Poultry Ont 3 Compasses ... Silver Street Three Compasses Silver Street Fonntaine ... In the Strand Fonntaine In the Strand Rose and Crown ...... King's Street West Rose and Crown King St., Westminster 15 Greyhound ... Fleet Street Greyhound Fleet Street Crown ... Near Cripplegate Out 11 Rammer ... Charring Cross Rummer Charring Cross Half Moon ... In the Strand Half Moon In the Strand St. John's Gate Coffee House Clerkenwell Out Castle Drury Lane Out 16 Dnke of Bedford's Head ... Southampton St., Covent Garden Duke of Bedford's Head ... Southampton St., Covent Garden 13 Castle St Giles Castle St. Giles Cardigan Head Charring Cross Cardigan Head Charring Cross Swan Fish Street Hill Swan Fish St. Hill Boll Head Southwark Bull Head Southwark Anchor Dutchy Lane, in the Strand Anchor Dutchy Lane in the Strand Baptist Head Chancery Lane Baptist's Head Chancery Lane Sun Clare Market 8un Clare Market Half Moon Cheapside Sun South side of St. Paul's Crown Behind the Royal Exchange Crown Behind y* Royal Exchange Swan Lndgate Street Three Tuns Newgate St. 20 Prince of Denmark's Head Cavendish Street Prince of Denmark's Head ... Cavendish Street Ben's Coffee House ... New Bond Street Boll Vere Street Ship .. Bartholomew Lane Crown Bow Lane King's Arms St. Paul's Church Yard King's Arms St. Paul's Church yard Queen's Head Great Queens Street Queen's Head Great Qneen St. Crown St. John's Wapping Queen's Head Temple Barr (In MS.)
19 St. George and Dragon ... Charring Cross Lyon and Shield .. ... Brewer Street Ship Behind y* Royal Exchange Ship Behind y* Royal Exchange Dolphin Tower Street Dolphin Tower St. Duke of Chandos's Arms ... At Edgworth Duke of Chandos's Arms ... At Edgworth Crown At Acton Crown At Acton The Busybody and Figure Charring Cross, near the Hay Market King's Head Pall Mall Dick's Coffee House ... By y« New Church in j* Strand Dick's Coffee House By y* New Church in y* Strand Ship Without Temple Barr Ship Without Temple Barr Nag's Head Princess Street by Drury Lane Nag's Head Princess St. by Drury Lane Ship Fish Street Hill Ship Fish St. Hill Bell King's Street,Westminster Bell King St., Westminster 12 Crown and Anohor Against St. Clement's Ch. in y* Strand Garter York St., Covent Garden Blew Boar ... Near Shoe Lane, Fleet Street Blew Boar Near Shoe Lane, Fleet St. The Old Devill Tavern ... Near Temple Barr, Fleet Street The Old Devill Near Temple Barr, Fleet St. Tom's Coffee House ... Clare Street, near Clare Market Tom's Coffee House Clare St, near Clare Market Red Lyon Tottenham Court Road Red Lyon Tottenham Court Road Blew Posts Near Middle Row, Holborn Crown and Sceptre St. Martin's Lane Lyon Richmond in Surrey Printed for, and sold by Eman Bowen, Engraver, in Aldersgate St. Queen's Head City of Bath Nag's Head City of Bristol City of Norwioh This is the earliest of the engraved lists, and gives Queen's Head Chichester " Swan City of neither numbers or dates of Constitution : the Signs of the City of Chester houses," as continued to be the practice np to A.D. 1760 City of Chester Mason's Arms Fulham are shown in miniature, and their exact signification White Lyon Wytoh Street, near Drury Lane cannot always be conjectured, especially with regard to Black Posts Cock Pit Court, Great Wild St. " Coats of Arms," and " effigies " of contemporary Swan East St., Greenwich Queen's Head Hollis St, Oxford Square celebrities. To this rule, however, the list is above an Fleece Fleet St. exception, since, whilst the localities where the Lodges met Harp and Crown St. Martin's Lane Rummer Henrietta St. are an exact reprint of the engraved list, the " Signs of the The Temple of Solomon ... Corner of Castle St. and Hemming** Houses" are copied from the written description of the Globe Bridges St. [Row Taverns in the earliest minute Book of Grand Lodge. Red Lyon Brentford The identification of certain Lodges above, with their From the similarity of address (Aldersgate St.) it would places in the previous list (Constit. 1723) has been effected by an examination of the register of members. § 13 (VI.) • From Grand Lodge. See Appendix, List 10. —
4 THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
seem highly probable that Eman Bowen and John Pine Both lists are evidently printed from the same plate, were in some way connected in their business as engravers, the places of the Lodges, which have lapsed in the interval the former, it may be, executing the order of the latter. between the two publications, being left vacant in the
The earliest edition of the Engraved Lists has no frontis- later List ; also down to the 51st entry on either list, the piece, and bears the printer's name in very small letters at " Blew Posts " (the last) in the earlier, and the " Crown foot of the last page. The List for 1725, however, has a and Sceptre " in the later, the descriptions of the con- distinct heading, and exhibits Pine's name in fair sized tinuing Lodges are identical, except in nine instances type on the 1st page. where removals have occurred.
§ 6.—LIST No. 4.
LIST OF LODGES 1729 (PINE). LIST OF LODGES 1730 (PBICHABD) .• Constituted Constituted 1 St. Paul's Church -yard 1691 1 King's Arms In St. Paul's Church-yard 1691 2 Furnivals Ion, near Holborn 1712 2 Bose and Baffler Against Furnival's Inn in Holborn 1712 8 Westminster 3 Horn Tavern At Westminster 4 Ivy-lane 4 Swan At Hamstead Jan. 17th 1722 6 Poultry July 11th 1721 5 Three Swans In the Poultry July 11th 1721 6 Clare-street Jan. 19th 1722 6 Tom's Coffee House In Clare-street, near Clare-market Jan. 19th 1722 7 Behind the Royal Exchange Jan. 28th 1722 7 Rummer In Queen-street, Cheapside Jan. 28th 1722 8 Edgnorth April 25th 1722 8 Devil Tavern At Temple Bar April 25th 1722 9 Noble-street May 1722 9 One Tun In Noble-street May 1722 10 Brewer-street Nov. 25th 1722 10 Lion and Shield In Brewer-street Nov. 25th 1722 11 Knave's-acre Feb. 27th 1722 11 Queen's Head In Knave's-acre Feb. 27th 1722-3 12 Swithin's-alley May 27th 1728 12 Three Tuns In Swithin's-alley March 27th 1723 18 Dnehy-lanef March 28th 1723 13 Anchorf In Dutohy-lane March 28th 1723
For fullI list of 1730, see Appendix (List 11).
f This corresponds with the Lodge 23rd in order in the lists for 1723 and 1725 (§ 4).
In these lists we for the first time touch firm ground, to the Grand Charity within twelve months past, are here set down according to their Seniority of Constitution, as in the Grand Lodge and an examination of the numbers and dates of consti- Books and the Engraven List. all tution given therein, tend to the inference that four of Nos. Signs of the Houses. the old Lodges were then in existence, this inference being 1 Kino's Arms Tavern St. PauVs Church-yard Bemoved from the Goose and Gridiron, meet in form. lists date, espe- strengthened and confirmed by the of later This is the Senior Lodge, whose Constitution is immemorial. cially that appended to the Constitutions 1738 (List 5). In 2 Horn Tavern In New Palace-yard, Westminster The Old Lodge removed from 1729-80 the old Lodges would seem to have been thus the Bummer and Grapes, Channel Row, whose Constitution is also immemorial, it described, : being one of the Four Lodges mentioned 109. via. p — (See § 2.) 3 Shakespeare's Marlborough-street Original No. 1, as No. 1, King's Arms, St. Paul's Churchyard, now Head 17th Jan. 172? No. 2, Antiquity. 4 Bell Nicholas- lane 11th July 1721 Original No. 2, as No. 2, Bose and Baffler, Furnival's Inn, died ont 5 Braund's Head New Bond-street 19th Jan. 172 \ circa 1737. 6 Bummer Tavern Queen's-street, Cheapside 28th Jan. 172* Original No. 3, as No. 11, Queen's Head, Knave's Acre, now No. 12, 7 Daniel's Coffee House Temple Bar 25th April Fortitude and Old Cumberland. 1722 8 Bed Cross Barbican May 1722 Original No. 4, as No. 8, Horn, Westminster, now No. 4, Boyal Somerset House and Inverness. 9 King's Arms Tavern New Bond-street 25th Nov. 1722 10 Queen's Head Knave's Acre 27th Feb. 172J This was one of the four Lodges mentioned p 109, viz., the § 6.—LIST No. 6. Apple Tree Tavern, in Charles Street, Covent Garden, whose Constitution is immemorial. But after they removed to the (From Anderson's Constitutions 1738.) Queen's Head, upon some difference, the Members that LIST OF LODGES IN AND ABOUT LONDON AND WEST- met there came under a New Constitution, tho' they wanted it not, and it is therefore MINSTER. plaoed at this number. N.B.—The Crown, in Parker*s-lane, the other of the four Many Lodges have by aooidents broken up, or are partitioned, or old Lodges, is now extinct. else removed to new places for their oonvenienoy, and bo, if subsist- 11 Castle Drury Lane March 172} ing, they are called and known by those new places or their signs. But the subsisting Lodges, whose Officers have attended the Grand 12 Burt's Coffee House Bridges Street 28th March 1728 Lodge or Quarterly Communication, and brought their Benevolence Where there is also a Masters9 Lodge. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 5
§ 7.—LIST No. 6.
No. in No. in No. in No. in No. in No. in No. in No. in No. in No. in TWMMMnnt irm 1R7R jjescnpiion i/oo. 1/ oOw 1738* 1740* 1744* 1745* 1750* 1752* 1755* 1756* 1878 (*) ( Head of *\
ft L. J ~I T _ J ftrand RfAWArda' stewards Lioage 1 "IT 117 115 115 115 115 115 115 70 25 Jane 1785 ) Without f V»a JSo.(w)J Antiquity King's Arms 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Time Immemorial
Bull and Gate 2 Out(») Time Immemorial
Q Royal Somerset Horn O 3 2 2 2 OutfO 2 2 2 4 x juio i Hunt?luurufci House Friendship Shakspear's Head 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 6 17 Jan. 1721
Bell 5 5 3(«) 8 Oot(«) 11 July 1721
British Braund's Head 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 8 19 Jan. 1722
Westminster and Bummer 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 10 28 Jan. 1722 Key Stone Daniel's Coffee 8 8 7 Out(») 25 April 1722 House Royal Alpha Red Cross Barr(i) 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8(») 16 May 1722
Tuscan King's Arms 10 10 9 9 Oot(«) 9 9 9 7 14 25 Nov. 1722
Fortitude and Old Queen's Head 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 6(0 12 Time Immemorl. "j Cumberland 27 Feb. 172J j Old Dundee Castle 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 9 18 March 1723
Antiquity (Chat- Off the List (•) Ont 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 20 28 March 1728 ham)
" (*) The words " Red Cross Barr have been pasted over the («) Erased 25th March 1745. original printed description of this Lodge. (r) Erased 3rd April 1747. Restored 4th September 1751.
(*) Replaced on the roll as Bury's Coffee House, Bridges Street, (s) With the exception of the Grand Stewards' Lodge, which in 1738. became No. 60 in 1770, and No. 47 in 1781, the numbers of the remaining Lodges above cited, remained unaltered by the general (s) In the List of 1738 (Constitutions) this vacancy is filled up, closing up of numbers in 1770, 1781, and 1792 respectively, and were the Horn, No. becoming No. 2. 3, numbered as at present at the Union in 1814.
(*) An example of the irregular manner in which vacant numbers (») Nos. 8 and 10 of previous list have changed places. were apportioned to Jnnior Lodges. (§ 14, List 7.) 0°) Placed at the head of list on the change of numbers 18th April (») Erased 4th April 1744. 1792.
* From Engraved Lists (Grand Lodge). Note.—See Appendix for Lists from 1725 to 1813.
§ 8.—It is a task of much nicety, identifying the old are of great use in connecting the present with the poet, Lodges of to-day with those of a bygone period, since whilst dates of Constitution are equally serviceable in in most cases their early records have been destroyed identifying the latter with the former ; the period, however, or lost, and even where this has not happened, the commencing about 1779, and ending with the century, occasions are rare in which any histories of the old during which the numbers of Lodges were twice closed up regular Lodges have been compiled. In the absence (1781 and 1792) is the hardest to bridge over, sinee therefore of positive information, it is in the generality of the dates cease to be given in fall, and distinctive instances necessary to work " backwards," and labo- names were not universally adopted by Lodges until riously trace the old Lodges of current date from one after 1800. Much confusion, moreover, has ensued number to another, and, by the aid of the various from the relative positions of Lodges constituted in lists published from time to time throughout the a particular year being occasionally varied ; also through eighteenth century, from tavern to tavern, until, by a con- many Lodges which have been temporarily struck off currence of all essential requirements, in number, place, the list being re-entered—at one time, according to day of meeting, and date of constitution, the happy result the date of re-admission, and at another reverting to of identification is rendered presumably complete. Names the dates of their original constitution. On 24th February — — — —
6 THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
l 1 734-5, ) the following resolution was passed by Grand § 10.—I. Original No. 2, meeting at the Crown, Parkers (— Lodge : " If any Lodge, within the Bills of Mortality, Lane, in 1717, was established at the Queen's Head, shall cease to meet regularly daring twelve months succes- Turnstile, Holborn, in 1723, or earlier. It had removed to sive, its Name and Place shall be erazed or blotted ont of the Green Lettice, Brownlow St. by 1725, whence it the Grand Lodge Book and engraven List, and if they migrated to the Rose and Bummer 1728, and to the Boss petition to be again inserted and own'd as a regular Lodge, and Buffloe 1729. In 1730 it met at the Bull and it must lose its former Place and Rank of Precedency, and Gate, Holborn, and, appearing for the last time in the en- submit to a New Constitution ."(*) Under which rule, aided graved list for 1736, was struck off the roll at the renum- by a disposition of Grand Lodge, to visit with heavy bering in 1740. penalties all Lodges who were irregular in attending the The above summary, may, I think, be relied upon, bnt Quarterly Communications, a very wholesale clearing off of an entry in the minutes of Grand Lodge of " March 16 defaulting Lodges took place, though the reinstatements 1752," is a little confusing : were very numerous. The present Tuscan Lodge, No. 14, " The petition of several brethren meeting at the Crown in Parkers Lane (§ 2), praying that the Lodge formerly held there might be then No. at the King's Street, 9, meeting Arms, New Bond restored, and have its former place in the Lodge Book. Bnt it ap- about 30 years, and was thus struck off in 1745, reappearing, however, on the pearing the said Lodge had been discontinued that no one of the Petitioners had ever been a member thereof : 3 list for 1750, to be again erased in 1764.( ) ordered—that the said Petition be rejected." 4 On the 25th November 1774,( ) Grand Lodge further If this minute of Grand Lodge be literally accurate, the resolved " that all Lodges who have not contributed or following difficulty is presented : shall neglect to contribute, to the General Charity . . The old or original Lodges meeting respectively at the if no remittance is made, or satisfactory excuse given . . . Goose aud Gridiron, the Apple Tree, and the Bummer and the said Lodges will be erazed out of the list of Lodges." Grapes, having been identified, beyond cavil, with Nos. 1,
10, and 2, in Anderson's list for 1738 (§ 6), and the remain- of the having lapsed about § 9.—Original No. 1, meeting at the Goose and Gridiron ing old Lodge 1717, Crown (§ 2), in 1717, removed from this tavern between 1723 and 1729, 1722, whence came the No. 2 of 1729 with a Constitution from which latter year, until 1767 (except for a short dating from 1712, considering that only four Lodges were time in 1735, when it met at the Paul's Head, Ludgate existent in 1717, all of which are otherwise accounted for?
Street), its description, on the lists was the King's (or The most natural explanation of this mystery would be
Queen's) Arms, St. Paul's Churchyard, with the additional some such hypothesis as the following:—viz., That an title from 1760, of the " West-India and American Lodge." additional Pre-revival Lodge (§ 2} had somehow crept
Still retaining which designation it moved to the Mitre, into the new organization ?
Fleet-street, in 1768, and in 1770 became the Lodge of solutions, however, of the difficulty present Antiquity. (See §§ 19-20.) In 1794 it absorbed the II. Two Harodim Lodge No. 467 (constituted March 25th 1790). themselves : to the At the Union in 1814, the rank of No. 1 having devolved (a) The period of discontinuance attributed " 6 Lodge, may have been recorded as thirty instead of twenty by lot upon No. 1 Ancient's" ( ) (now the Grand Masters' Lodge), the 'premier English Lodge, was relegated to the years, an interval of almost precisely this latter period 8 (May 29 1733) actually occurring between the latest position of No. 2 on the roll.( ) attendance at Grand Lodge of the representatives of the
( 156. 12 (II.) i ) Constit. 1738, p § then No. 2 (Bull and Gate), constituted 1712. (§ 18, II.) * in their former places in the list, if ( ) N.B.—Lodges reinstated (b) Assuming that a Lodge at the Crown had been dis. the same are not filled op, on paying two guineas for a Constitution, " and two guineas to the pnblick Charity.—Constit. 1767. continued about 30 years," say in 1722, it is quite within (») Constit. 1767. the limits of probability that the Old Lodge at the Crows Appendix to Constit. 1767. Published 1775. (*) (1717) changed its place of meeting within a year or two " ( 5 ) Grand Lodge of England according to the Old Institutions." of the Revival. Masonic taverns, as experience shows, See §§ 20, 22 and 26. 6 true to their calling, and ( ) The two first Lodges under each Grand Lodge to draw a lot in almost always remained when one the first place for priority ; and to which of the two the lot No. 1 shall Lodge left, another took its place ; this happened at the fall the other to rank as No. 2; and all the others shall fall in alternately, that is, the Lodge which is No. 2 of the fraternity whose Goose and Gridiron, the Apple Tree, the Horn, and lot it shall be to draw No. 1, shall rank as No. 3 in the United Grand indeed in almost every instance of Lodge removal. Is it Lodge, and the other No. 2 shall rank as No. 4, and so on alternately through all the numbers respectively.— Articles of Union (VIII.) not, therefore, a reasonable conjecture that the old Lodge between the two Grand Lodges of Freemasons of England.—Hughan, left the Masonic Memorial*. See § 28. (original No. 2) having Crown, its successor at — ; ! —
THE FOUR OLD LODGES. that tavern dropped oat about 1722, and consequently was there appeared but ow Time Immemorial Lodge, as original omitted from the lists of the following year (1723) P No, 4, then No. % had been struck off the roll in pursuance
(See § 26, IV., note.) of the following order of Grand Lodge : '* April 3, 1747.—Ordered that the Lodge No- 2, at the w IIL It is submitted that the expression : It ap- — Horn, in Westminster, not attending according to the order pearing that no one of the Petitioners had ever been a of the last Quarterly Communication, be erased out of the member thereof "—is by no means conclusive as to the fact Book of Lodges.^*) it assumes. Also that the position assigned to this Lodge Four years later,(«) this Lodge resumed its old position on by Dr. Anderson in the Constitution book of 1/20 (§ 3), the Roll, the following entry in the Constitutions explaining that of second on the Kit* which it preserved at the arrange- (In* reason its restoration : — ment by seniority in 1729, was accorded by the same 11 Sept. 4, 175L—Upon the petition of several worthy writer in 1738 2) to the Lodge which met at the Cuowx, {§ brethren, after a long debate, it was ordered, that out of Parkers Lane, in Bros, Payne and Desaguliers, it 1717, respect to Brother Payne, and several other late Grand must be also remembered, assisting in both publications Masters who were members thereof, the Lodge No* 2, in the Constitutions of containing the account indeed, 1738, lately held at the Horn in Palace Yard, Westminster, of the Revival it is especially recorded that these (§ 2), should be restored, and have its former rank and place in latter brethren only signified their approbation ** the list of Lodges."f) I* (§13.) IL With the previous paragraph, an entry in tbe Grand § 1L— Original Ho. 3 moved from the Apple Tree Tavern Lodge minutes of about six months later date may be pro- to the Queen's Head, Knave's Acre, in 1723 or earlier; fitably thence to the George mid Dragon, Portland Stp, Oxford March 16, 1752.—" The Petition of never*] brethren belonging to the locality) in Market, in 1740 j to Swan (same 1744 ; the Lodge No. 83, erazed from the Book of Lodges, bat lately held at tbe San in Ludgite St., praying that the said Lod^e might bo in 1750-67 it met at tbe Fish and Bell, Charles St., Soho restored and hate ita former rank, was read. When a debate arising
Square ; in 1768-33 it is described as the Lodge of Forti- — It was mored tbat tbe Law made on the 24th day of February 1734,
fl might be rend ( ),—and the name being read, and it thereby appear* tude, Roebuck, Oxford Street ; 1794-98 it met at the King's iog that a Lodge erased must lose its former rank, and submit to a Arms, Old Compton St.; 1799-1803, Mill's Coffee House, Do rejectee.
Gerrard St. ; 1804-11 Tbe Wrekin, Broad Ct, Long Acre; Later on, as tyiII Appear, {*) reinstatement followed era- 1812-15 F. M, Tav. sure, as often as not. It is somewhat singular that the In 1818 it amalgamated with the Old Cumberland petition for the resuscitation of original No. 2 (§ 10), was Lodged) and is now the Fortitude and G.C. Lodge, No. 12. summarily dismissed on tbe same evening (16th March
1752), aud the speculation may he hazarded, that had it § 12,—L Original Ko. 4 moved from the Mummer and been presented either six months earlier or later, it is Grapes to tbe Horn Tavern, Westminster, before 1 723, and quite possible that all four of the original Lodges would continued to meet then- until 1766. In 1767 it mot at the now be found on the Roll Fleece, Toth ill -street, Westminster, taking the title of the
" Old Horn Lodge-" in 176& In 1772-3, it met at the § 13.-L The history of each of the "Four Old King's Arms, Hew Palace Yard; on 10th January 1774, Lodges " has been briefly outlined, but it may here be it was united with, and took the name of, the Sommerset appropriately remarked, that the statements of Dr. An- House Lodge, under which title it met at the Adelphi derson with regard to them, embodied in the Constitution Tavern, Strand, in 1775 aud at F. M, Tav, 1785-1815. Book 1T38 {§ 6), even had tiiey stood atone, without any After the Union, on 25th Nov. 1828, it further absorbed corroboration from the early minutes of Grand Lodge, 2 the Bojal Inverness Lodge,( ) and it is now the Royal might well have bean taken as absolutely conclusive* Somerset House and Inverness Lodge No, 4. Dr. Anderson (a Scotch Presbyterian minister in Original No. 4 became No. 3 in list of 1729, No. 2 on that of 1740 (1738 Constat.); but on List of 1750 (>) Constit. 1756, P 248, (*) It is enriouu to reflect, that had one of the periodical closing np of numbers occurred during 1747-51, original No. 4 must hay© sunk to 1 Constituted 1753. Met at the Lion and Goat, Groavenor it, ( ) even a lower depth than original No, % with regard to position on 1756-1770 Bed Lion, Berkatej-eq., 1791; aud stjled in 178S lilt i the RolL the Old Cumberland Lodg*. (*) Q. L. Kin. Constit, 1756, p 252. (*) No. 648, "Eoyal InvemesB Loda*/' Gray's Coffee fl Bolboro, was the first new Lodge on the Roll of the United ( > f & Lodge of England.—Eugbau, Matonic Memorial*. ( ? ) Ibid. Note 2. See also Appendix, List 13 (Notes.) 8 THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
London) was a leading actor in the early Masonic history III. Dr. Anderson in 1738 makes the following dispo- of the past century, and was appointed to arrange and sition of the Four Original Lodges (§6). digest the old Gothic Constitutions on 29th September No. 1 Kings Arms Tavern, St. Paul's Church Yard. 1721. He published the Book of Constitutions 17th 2 Formerly the Cbown in Parkers Lane, now (i.e. recently), extinct. January 1723, and was authorised to print a second edition, 3 Queen's Head, Knaves Acre, formerly the Apple Task with improvements, 31st March 1735, which was approved Tavern, Charles St., Covent Garden, which having moved to the Queen's Head, with its immemorial privileges) 1 25th January 1738.( ) His remarks upon the Old Lodges intact, afterwards, " upon some difference, the members were approved in manuscript Grand Lodge, and that met there came under a new constitution, though (§ 6) by 11 they wanted it not, (27th February 172$), and was were published with the express approval of Past Grand subsequeotly given a place and number (1729) in ac- cordance with the date of this alteration. Masters Payne and Desaguliers, both of whom were regular 4 Horn Tavern, New Palace Yard, Westminster. attendants at the Communications of Grand Lodge until some years after 1740. All three brethren, moreover IV. It is satisfactory to find npon a careful examination (Payne, Desaguliers, and Anderson), were members of of the early official lists, and the minutes of Grand Lodge, Original No. 4 (Horn), and if tradition may be relied that the statements of Dr. Anderson meet with most ample upon, theirs were the guiding minds which planned and confirmation. 4 carried out the Great Revival of Masonry in 171 7.( ) Precedency amongst Lodges, whilst they continued to be independent Masonic communities, was necessarily unknown, 11. The merits of the Constitutions of 1738, as a record nor did it become established (except possibly the broad of eighteenth century facts, are unquestionable ; but it is distinction between Lodges by inherent right, and Lodges much to be regretted, that in his desire to exhibit the Craft by creation of Grand Lodge) until 1729 : tbe engraved list to the best advantage, Dr. Anderson should have claimed for that year being the first printed book in which Lodges as its rulers at some period or other, nearly every celebrity were arranged in order of seniority. of ancient or modern times. Thu6 we have Noah and his It is important to bear this in mind, as otherwise much sons, figuring as the " Four Grand Officers," and amongst confusion will seem apparent, in the arrangement of the the Grand Masters, are gravely recorded the names of earlier engraved lists. The " Horn" for example, which is Nimrod, Moses (with Joshua as his deputy), Solomon, known to be original No. 4—standing 5th in order in the list Nebuchadnezzar, and Augustus Caesar. An elaborate reason, for 1723, thereby conveying the impression that one war- moreover, is assigned for excluding Samson from his ranted Lodge, at least, has been bracketed with the Time Masonic privileges ! ! Immemorial Lodges, and whether the intruder is the 2nd, critic last 8 An acute of the century ( ) justly comments, 3rd, or 4th on the list, appears at first view somewhat diffi- " upon the heap of rubbish with which Anderson has cult to determine. disgraced his Constitutions of Freemasonry, the basis* of The minutes, however, of Grand Lodge, which com- Masonic History": and the almost invariable practice of mence 25th November 1723, afford a solution of the succeeding Masonic writers, " in copying the one from the difficulty. The earliest volume of these records contains, credulity 4 other with any amount of and assurance," ( ), entered in ledger form, the names of the Lodges subsisting has amply justified Hallam's uncomplimentary allusion to in and 1730 together with, in many instances, 5 1723, 1725, ; the Historians of the Craft ( ) a register of their members. These particulars, along with "The curious subject of Freemasonry baa unfortunately been the minntes themselves, notably those referring to the pre- treated of only by panegyrists, or calumniators, both equally menda- cious. cedency of Lodges (IX.) enable us to trace the old Lodges
through the intricacies of the earlier engraved lists, until we bring up our investigation to A.D. 1729, from which 1 Constit. 113, 199. ( ) 1738, pp year, under the guidance of dates and numbers, until A.D.
3 6 ( ) Bro. D. M. Lyon ascribes Scotland's acquaintance with, and list (of 1778, when the last engraved was issued ( ) which subsequent adoption of, English Symbolical Masonry to the con- ference which the co-fabricator and pioneer of the system (as he a copy has been preserved), the task of identifying the terms Dr. Desagnliero) held with the Lodge of Edinburgh in August Lodges in one numeration with those appearing on its 1721. successor, is an exercise rather of industry than of s ( ) Professor Bobison (1798), who however goes much too far, in styling Anderson (D.D.) and Desaguliers (LL.D. and F.E.S.) persons ingennity. of little education and low manners.
( *) Hist, of Freemasonry in York (Hughan), p 8.
5 6 list probably appeared in 1779. ( ) Middle Ages, Vol. in., p 485. ( ) The latest engraved —
THE POUR OLD LODGES. 9
Lodge, have an important bearing upon the question of V. The engraved list for 1723 (§ 4)0) is identical with the list of Lodges appearing in the earliest minute book of Grand precedency.
Lodge, indeed, the " Signs of the Houses " in the former Deo. 27th 1727. Ordered—" That it shall be referred to the succeed- ing Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, and Grand Wardens, to correspond exactly with the written description of these inquire into the Precedency of the several Lodges, and to make report taverns which appears in the latter, whilst the order of pre- thereof at the next Quarterly Communication, in order that the same may be finally settled and entred accordingly." cedency is the same in both instances.* Clearly, therefore, April 17 1728. " Then most of the Lodges present delivered the the engraver simply reproduced, though in a different dates of the time of their being constituted into Lodges, in order to have precedency in the printed book." form, the descriptions of the then existing Lodges, as June 25th 1728. " The Lodges whioh had not oomplyed with the roughly set down in the original minute book of Grand order to give in the exact time when they were severally constituted, were directed to do bo before the next Quarterly Communication." Lodge. July 11th 1729. " The officers of the Lodge at the Queen's Head in Knave's Acre, represented that their Lodge was misplaced in the printed book, whereby they lost their Rank, and humbly prayed that the said VI. The names of the members of the various Lodges, mistake might be regulated." at that time (1723) are only occasionally entered in the " Bro. Ohooke (late D.G.M.) acquainted the Grand Lodge that the several Lodges stood in the List according to the date of their Con- book, but happily enough are shown to connect the stitution. The said complaint was dismiss'd." brethren named as Masters and Wardens of the first four X. With the exception of the "Home" (Original Lodges of the earliest 'printed list (§ 3) with the Lodges No. 4) which numbered 71 members in 1725, the Old meeting respectively at the Goose and Gridiron ; Queen's Lodges were each composed of about 15 members. Head, Turnstile ; Queen's Head, Knave's Acre ; and Horn,
Westminster, as shown in the engraved list for 1723 Bro. Anthony Sayer appears on the roll of Original No. 3, but those of Nos. 1 and 2 contain no brethren either of (§ 4) C) Masonic or of social mark. VII. It in should be borne mind, that though in the Amongst the members of the "Home" were then account of the revival numbers (§2) are prefixed to the Bros. Payne and Desaguliers, late Grand Masters (this old Lodges, together constituted the " who Premier Grand latter brother not being a member of Original No. 1 as Lodge of the World;" this narrative was published in 1738, s commonly stated), Dr. James Anderson,( ) the compiler of twenty-one years subsequent to the occurrence it which the Books of Constitutions for 1723 and 1738, Lord Paisley, records, consequently in designating numbers, by or other- Duke of Queensborough, Sir Richard Manningham, " wise implying any precedency amongst the Old Lodges," Lord Waldegrave, Count La Lippe, Baron des Kaw, Anderson must have had in his Dr. mind a recollection of Sir Adolphus Oughton, Earl de Loraine, Sir Bobt. Rich, his own previous list of 1723 (§ 3), also of the scale of Count Walzdorf, Marquis des Marches, Sir Thomas introduced in seniority 1727-29, which he evidently con- Prendergast, and Lord Carmichael. sidered should properly relate to the period when the original Lodges met for combined action. XI. The status of the old Lodges, and especially that of original No. 3 (Fortitude and 0. C.) will be hereafter con-
VIII. The numbers assigned to the old Lodges, in the sidered, but it may not be inappropriate at this stage, to narrative of the revival (§2) and in the earliest printed offer some remarks on the subject. list (§ 3) confirm one another, Dr. Anderson being answer- It appears highly probable that from 1723 to 1730, or able for the numeration in both cases, and the Lodges after, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, represented the operative, and No. 4, numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively in § 2 may, without the speculative elements of the Society (§ 26). It is scarcely doubt, be identified with those bearing similar numbers in conceivable that the vigorous protest recorded by original
§3. No. 3, (which by the way effectually disposes of the theory that they surrendered their rights) against their arbitary dis- IX. The following extracts from the minutes of Grand placement from their ancient seniority, by a coterie of Grand
Officers, would have been so contemptuously dismissed, had the three senior Lodges been represented on the Committee 1 ( ) Nkw Regulations. III.—In the Mastership of Dalkeith, a list of all Lodges was engraven by Brother John Pyne in a very small of enquiry. Bro. Anthony Sayer the " Premier Grand volume, which is usually reprinted on the commencement of every Master," though a member of No. 3, wielded no influence in New Grand Master, and dispersed among the brethren—Constat. 1738, p 164.
a author of " Royal Genealogies." He died 28th May ( ) Lists of members of all the four Lodges, appear for the years (*) Also the 1723 and 1725 ; but of Nos. 1 and 8 only, in 1730. 1739. 2 — !
10 THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
Grand Lodge, having become, so early as in 1724, a sup- speaks of Desaguliers and Hill as being the two first pliant for itsJtounty.(J) writers who gave themselves up to popularising physical truths). XII.—Bros. Sayer (original No. 8), Payne, and Desa- On 29th July 1714, he was elected a fellow of the Royal gnliers (original No. 4), who head the roll of Grand Society, Sir Masters, are the only untitled brethren who have ascended and was much respected by the President, Isaac Newton. the Masonic throne. He was excused from paying the subscription on account of the The premier Grand Master, Bro. Sayer, as stated above, number of experiments which he showed at the meetings, and being to the office became so reduced in circumstances as to be one of the subsequently elected of Curator, communicated a vast of curious earliest recipients of relief from the Committee of Charity, number and valuable papers, between the years 1714 and 1743, which are it being recorded that the sum of £15 was voted to him printed in the Transactions. several from this source on 21st April 1730, also a further amount He also published of £2 2s on 17th April 1741. works of his own, abounding with descriptions of the most Bro. George Payne was a learned Antiquarian; he origin- useful machines and philosophical instruments. He re- ally compiled, in 1720, when he was Grand Master for the ceived no fixed salary, but was remunerated according to second time, the General Regulations, which were afterwards the number of experiments and communications which he finally arranged and published by Dr. Anderson in 1723. made to the Society .(*) These General Regulations were called "Old Regulations," He had the honour of reading his lectures before George in contradistinction to those which were afterwards added. II., and was appointed Chaplain to Frederick Prince of Brother Payne continued an active member of Grand Wales. During the greater part of his residence in London, Lodge until 1754, being appointed on 27th April of that he lived at Channel-row, Westminster; but eventually year a member of the Committee to revise the Constitutions moved to lodgings over the Oreat Piazza in Covent-
(afterwards brought out by Entick, in 1756). He attended Garden, where he carried on his lectures till his death, Grand Lodge for the last time in the following November. which occurred 29th February 1744. In June 1738, he His death occurred on 23rd January 1757. had received the appointment of Chaplain to Bowie's regi- Dr. J. T. Desaguliers, the son of a French Protestant ment of Dragoons. clergyman, was born at Rochelle, on 12th March 1683, and If credit is to be given to the poet Cawthorne, Dr. De- brought to England by his father in 1685, in conse- was saguliers was in very necessitous circumstances at the time quence of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. After of his decease : completing his education at Oxford, he attained consider- " How poor neglected Desaguliers fell able eminence as a mechanician and natural philosopher. How he, who taught two gracious kings to view In 1705, he gave a course of public lectures on experi- All Bayle ennobled, and all Baoon knew, Died in a cell, without a friend to save, mental philosophy (Buckle, in his History of Civilization, Without a guinea, and without a grave."
1 1724, Bro. Anthony Saver's petioon was read ( ) 21st November and reoominended by the Grand Master—G. L. Min. (*) History of the Boyal Society, Vol. I., p 386.
§ 14.—LIST No. 7.
List of Lodges 1739* (Pnnc). Constituted. List of Lodges 1740* (Pine). Constituted.
1 Slings' Arms St. Paul's Church Yard 1 King's Arms St Paul's Church Yard 2 2 Horn Westminster 3 Horn Westminster 8 Crown Behind the Boyal Exchange 11th July 1721 4 Shakespear'sHead Marlborough Street 17th Jan. 1722 4 Shakespear's Head Marlborough St. 17th Jan. 1721
5 Crown Behind the Boyal Exchange 11th Jnly 1721 5 . Braund's Head New Bond Street 19th Jan. 1721 6 Braund'sHead New Bond Street 19th Jan. 1722 6 Bummer Queen's St. Cheapside 28th Jan. 1721 7 Bummer Queen Street, Cheapside 28th Jan. 1722 7 King's Arms Temple Bar 25th April 1722 8 King's Arms Temple Bar 25th April 1722 8 Bed Cross Barr Barbican May 1722 9 Bed Cross Ban Barbican May 1722 9 King's Arms New Bond Street 25th Nov. 1722 10 King's Arms New Bond Street 25th Nov. 1722 10 George and Dragon Portland St. Oxford Market 27th Feb. 1722 11 Queen's Head Knave's Acre 27th Feb. 172| 11 Crown New Crane, Wapping 1722 12 Castle Drury Lane No date 12 Bury's Coffee House Bridges St. 28th Mar. 1723 13 Bury's Coffee House Bridges Street 28th Mar. 1723
* From Engraved Lists (Grand Lodge). ; —
THE POUR OLD LODGES. 11
It will be seen that the No. 5 (Crown) of 1739 becomes No. 3 in the list of the following year, also that the dates of Constitution of Nos. 4, 6, 7, 11, and 12 on the 1739 list, sustain a remarkable variation in the list for 1740: thus
0) No. 4 (1789) baa its Seniority altered from 17th Jan. 1722 to 17th Jan. 1721.
(*) No. 6 „ „ „ „ „ 19th Jan. 1722 to 19th Jan. 1721.
(') No. 7 „ „ „ „ „ 28th Jan. 1722 to 28th Jan. 1721.
(*) No. 11 „ „ „ „ „ 27th Feb. 172} to 27th Feb. 1722.
(s) No. 12 „ „ „ „ „ March 172f to 1722.
(!) No date is assigned this Lodge in Pine's List of 1729. In the tions made in 1740, and which appear in the Calendar of current date Engraved Lists for 1734, 1736, and 1738, it appears as in 1739; but (1878) are probably incorrect. in the Book of Constitutions for 1738 (See § 6) it is placed at 17th 8 Lists for ( ) This Lodge appears, without date, in the Engraved Jan. therefore the alteration in 1740 is almost certainly oorreot. 172$, 1734, 1736, 1738, and 1739; bat is placed at March 1723, both in Pine's List 1729, and in the Constitutions 1738. Therefore, the al- (') The dates given to these Lodges in the Engraved Lists for teration in 1740 (continued until this day) is probably incorrect. 1729, 1734, 1736, and 1738 agree with those given in the List for 1739 also, and this is of chief importance, with the dates assigned by Note.—One of the periodical closings up of numbers occurred in Dr. Anderson in the Constitutions for 1738; consequently, the altera- 1740. (Appendix Lists 12 and 13.)
LIST No. 8.
LIST OF LODGES 1756* (COLE). LIST OF LODGES 1756* (COLE). Constituted Constituted 1 King's Arms 1 King's Arms St. Paul's Churchyard 2 Horn Westminster 2 Horn Westminster 3 Out 8 George and Dragon Grafton-st., St. Ann's 17th Jan. 1721 4 George and Dragon Grafton-st., St. Ann's 17th Jan. 1721 4 Braund's Head New Bond-street 19th Jan. 1721 5 Braund's Head New Bond-street 19th Jan. 1721 5 Castle Tower-st., Seven Dials 28th Jan. 1721 6 Castle Tower-st., Seven Dials 28th Jan. 1721 6 Fish and Bell Charles-st., Soho-sq. 27th Feb. 1722 7 Out 7 King's Arms New Bond-street 25th Nov. 1722 8 Crown Leadenhall -street May 1722 8 Crown Leadenhall-street May 1722 9 King's Arms New Bond-street 25th Nov. 1722 9 Dnndee Arms Wapping New Stairs 1722 10 Fish and Bell Charles- at., Soho-sq. 27th Feb. 1722 10 Grapes Chatham 28th March 1723 11 Dundee Arms Wapping New Stairs 1722 12 Grapes Chatham 28th March 1723
* From Engraved Lists (Grand Lodge).
The lapse of No. 3 on the 1740 list (Crown, constit* 11th possible that No. 9 (1739) having become No. 8 at the July 1721), together with the change of year, from 1722 general re-numbering of 1740, may have elected to remain to 1721, in the cases of Nos. 6 and 7 (1739) and from at its then existing number, instead of accepting a higher 172f to 1722 in the case of No. 11 (1739), has donbtless precedency, when the vacancies above it were closed np in led to No. 11 (1739) being placed, at the general closing 1756? np of numbers in 1756, in what was apparently its true position, under the Regulation of 27th December 1727 The feet of No. 5 (1739) being allowed to jump over
(§ 13) (IX.) ; it does not, however, account for No. 4 (1739) at the re-arrangement of numbers in 1740,
No. 10 (1739) being placed above No. 9 (1739) ; bat it is may have afforded a precedent ?(*)
(*) See Lists Nos. 6 and 7, and Appendix (Lists 13 and 14.) ;
12 THE FOUR OLD LODGES.
LIST No. 9. as May 172f . A similar date is shown in the Lists for 1767 and 1769. It will be observed that the " signs the From List of Lodges, 1768 * (W. Colb). of houses " are only shown with regard to six out of the ten 1 The West India and 2 Wed. the Consti Lodges above exhibited (see end of Part I.) American Lodge at y6 4th tuted MITRE, FLEET ST A Masters Time The Somerset House Lodge, with which original No. 4 Lodge Imme (No. 2 Horn, above) about 1774, was con- morial amalgamated stituted May 22 1762, and is described in the Engraved 2 Sign of Old Horn Lodg 2nd Time a Fleece Tothil Street Thursday Imme List for 1763 as No. 299 " on Board H.M. Ship the Prince Westminster morial at Plymouth ;" in 1764-66, as " on Board H.M. Ship the 3 Thatchd Lodge of 2nd and 4th Jan. Guadalonpe ;" and in 1767-73, as "the Sommerset House House Friendship Wednes: 17 St. James St. 1721 Lodge (No. 219 on the numeration of 1770-81) at ye
4 Sign of 2nd e 4th Jan. 19 King's Arms, New Bond St." (§ 18, IT.) Grown Chancery 1721 and Taesday It is highly probable that the removal of this Lodge Bolls Lane from Plymouth to London was effected at the instance 5 Ttriak Lodge 1st Jan. TALBOT Thursday 28 of Bro. Thomas Dunckerley ? 1721 (a) This brother, whose period of service afloat, as a 6 Lodge op Fortitude 1st and 3d Feb. ROEBUCK 27 warrant officer in the Navy, was contemporaneous with Oxford St. Wednesday 1722 the existence of this and other Lodges in King's ships, 7 Sign of New 1st and 3rd Nov. was probably initiated in a Lodge associated with the King's Arms Bond St. Wednesday 25 1722 naval service.
8 Ionic (b) the its Lodge Darid street 3rd May The name assumed by Lodge on removal to Sign of Groavenor Taesday 172| London (Somerset House), is identical with the place of Banning Horse Square residence of Bro. Dunckerley at that time, to whom 9 Dundee Arms At their own quarters in " Somerset House " were assigned on the Sign of same Private Boom 2nd e 4th Bed Lion St. Thursday 1722 death of his mother. Wapping
10 Sicm of The Globe 1st e 3rd March (c) The date of its removal to London (1767) corre- Mitre Lane Monday 28 sponds with the year in which a pension of £100 per Chatham 1723 annum was settled on Bro. Dunckerley by the King. * From Engraved List, Grand Lodge. See Appendix (Lists 14-17.)
The List for 1768 marks the period of transition in the Since the above remarks on the Somerset House Lodge nomenclature of Lodges; distinctive names being fre- first appeared, I find, by the records of Grand Lodge, that quently, but not yet universally, adopted. With the Dunckerley was a member of present No. 4 (No. 2 before exception of original No. 1, which appears in 1760 as the the Union), after the amalgamation of the two Lodges, and
West India and American Lodge, and is scarcely a case in had been a member of one or both of them prior to 1768.
point, the first of the old Lodges (under which title I classify all the Lodges whose descriptions are exhibited § 15.—The Friendship met in 1723-29 at the King's above), to adopt a distinctive name, was the Lodge of Head, Ivy Lane; 1730-35 the Swan, Hampstead; 1736-44 Friendship, then No. 3, which is so styled in W. Cole's Shakespear'sHead,MarlbroSt.; 1750-60 George, Grafton St., List for 1767; in the following year (1768), as shown St. Anne's; 1761-66 Sun and Punch Bowl, High Holborn, above, this example was followed by Nos. 2 (Horn), 5 appearing as the Lodge of Friendship (Thatched House, (Tyrian), 6 (Fortitude), and 8 (Ionic). No further steps St. James's St.), in 1767. It subsequently met at the Star, were taken in this direction until 1770, when No. 1 and Garter, New Bond St., 1770-81 ; and at the Thatched became the Lodge of Antiquity, and No. 9 the Dundee House, 1782-1815. Arms Lodge. In 1772 No. 4 blossoms into the British Lodge. In 1777 No. 7 becomes the Tuscan Lodge; but The "British" met in 1723-29 at Tom's Coffee House, not until 1781 does No. 10 appear as the Kentish Lodge Glare St., Glare Market; 1730 at the Coach and Horses,
of Antiquity. Maddocks St. ; 1733-56 Braund's Head, New Bond St.
It should be noted that the date of constitution of 1757-70 Crown and Bolls ; and in the list for 1772 is styled
No. 8 in the 1768 List (Ionic, now Royal Alpha) is given the British Lodge ; it afterwards met 1772-3 Crown, St. ;; —
THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 13
Giles; 1775-81 Snn, Cui-zon St., Mayfair ; 1782 George, § 16,—L The practice of any one tavern, being common Wardour St,; 1783-94 White Horse, King St., Golden Sq,; as a place of meeting, to two or more Lodges, seems to have
1795-1807 Nag's Head, Caraaby Sq, ; 180&09 St. James been almost unknown in the last century : but it may not
Mary-le- St., Sq,; 1810^15 well that Metropolitan brethren Tav. t Bonne Golden R M, Tav. be so understood, were then restricted, by Masonic law, to membership of a single The u Westminster atsd Khtstone " met in 1729-44 at the Lodge (*):- Rammer, Queen St., Gheapside ; 1750-57 Tower St, Seven
Dials; 1758-66 Fox and Goose, Seven Dials; 1767-81 11 Feb. 19 1723-4l— No brother thai I belong to more than ™ Lodge, within the billi of mortality, though be may visit them ell, Talbot, Tottenham Court Road ; 1782-84 Carlisle Arms, except the members of a foreign Lodge*" Soho; 1785-86 Greyhound, New Compton St; 1787-90,
Angel, St Giles' Charch; 1791-92 Coach and Horses, This regulation, however, having become obsolete, was Frith St., styled the Tyrlan Lodge in appear- Soho ; 1768 ; neglected for several years, until re-affirmed by Grand ing as the Westminster and Keystone Lodge, Horn Tuvem, 3 Lodge, March 23, 1742.( ) Upon which occasion Lodges 1801-13 King's Palace Yard, in 1793-1800; Arms, Palace were directed to deliver lists of their members, in order
Yard j 1814-15 F. M. Tav- that brethren belonging to more than one Lodge , might be called upon " to make their election to what Lodge they The "Royal Alpha" met 1729-37 at the One Tun, Noble will belong for the time to come." custom of the St; 1738-45 Bed Cross Barr, Barbican; 1745 Mitre, The taverns, aided by the foregoing regulation of Grand Lodge, within Aldersgate ; 1750-4 Sun, Milk St ; 1755-61 Crown, lessens the confusion that would otherwise be experienced, Leadenhall St, ; 1762 81 Running Horse, David St., Gros-
in tracing the steps of the earlier Lodges ; inasmuch as, venor Sq, ; 1782-98 King's Arms, Brook St., Grosvenor from the Revival (1717), to 1729, before numbers were Sq. ; 1799-1804 Coach and Horses, Dover St., Piccadilly; assigned, or dales exhibited, there exists no means of iden- 1805-08 Malpas Arms, Charles St, Grosvenor Sq, ; 1809 tification, except so far as the ancient Lodges then subsist- Tower Coffee House, Bond St.; 1810 Malpas Arms; 181M5 ing, can be connected with taverns, the names of which Worcester Coffee House, Oxford St.; styled the Ionic Lodge 1768; and the United Lodge Ionic and Prudence have been handed down to us. and dates are in 1814, From 1729 onwards, though both numbers given in the lists, until some half century from the original u The TtrscAH " (original No, 19) whose Master and establishment of the Grand Lodge, Lodges continue how- Wardens for 1722, are shown as representing the nineteenth ever to be designated in the Proceedings of Quarterly Com- Lodge on the earliest list of Lodges (§3), met in 1723, at munications, by the names of their taverns onhj, in the
the George and Dragon, Charring Cross; 1725-30 Lion and 9 generality of instances. For example, it is recorded ( ) : Shield, Brewer St ; 1733-76 King's Arms, New Bond St July 11, 1729, "Dr. Dosaguliers spoke for the Horn styled the Tuscan Lodge (Freemasons' Tavern) in 1777-88, 1 Lodge,' — and similar references occur until so late as In 1789-91 it met at the Three Tuns, Strand, and in 1792-99 October 17, 1766. This imperfect system of registering the is styled the Lodge of St. Mary-la-Bonne, Cavendish Sq. decisions of Grand Lodge, in regard to private Lodges, ren- Coffee House, retaining which distinctive title it met at dered it a task of extreme difficulty to follow the erasures the Manchester Coffee House, Manchester Sq. 1800-02 and restorations, which, I have shown in my notes to the 1803*11 Mary-le-Bonne Coffee House, Titchfield St.; engraved list of 1740.(*) The names appearing in the 1812-15 Stratford Coffee House, Oxford St, official records being, as often as not* those which Lodges
The 14 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. the present century. Snch being the case, some remarks V. The Bell (*) was frequently added to the signs of on the " Signs," distinguishing a few of the " Houses," pubhc-houses in honour of the bell-ringers, who were in where onr oldest Lodges assembled, may be fonnd inte- the habit of refreshing themselves there. Hence we have resting.^) the Bavin and Bell at Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton, (*) and Newport: the Dolphin and Bell on the token of John II. "The Goose and Gridiron (Antiquity) occurs at Warner, Aldersgate 1668; the Fish and Bell (evidently Woodhull, Lincolnshire, and a few other localities: it is the same sign), Charles St., Soho. The Fish and Bill ' said to owe its origin to the following circumstances : The (Original No. 3) may either allude to the well-known Mitre was a celebrated music-house, in London House anecdote of a certain numskull, who, when he caught a Yard, at the N.W. end of St. Paul's ; when it ceased to be fish, which he desired to keep for dinner on some future a music-house, the succeeding landlord, to ridicule its grand occasion, put it back into the river, with a bell round former destiny, chose for his sign a goose striking the bars its neck, so that he should be able to know its whereabouts of a gridiron with his foot, in ridicule of the Swan and the moment he wanted it, or it may be the usual Bell added Harp, a common sign for the early music-houses. Such in honour of the bell-ringers. an origin does the Tatler give ; but it may also be a ver- nacular of the coat of arms of the of Musicians^ Company 8 VI. "The Bull and Gate ( ) is a corruption of the suspended probably at the door of the Mitre when it was a Boulogne Gates, which, after the capture of Boulogne, music-house. These arms are, a swan with his wings ex- Henry VIII. ordered to be taken away and transported tended within a double treasure, counter, flory, argent. to Hardes, in Kent. The Bull and Gate was a noted This double tressure might have suggested a gridiron to un- inn in the seventeenth century in Holborn, where Fielding 9 " sophisticated passers-by. makes his hero Tom Jones put up on his arrival in " 9 London. It is still in existence, under the same name, III. In old times the ale-house windows ( ) were 1 generally open, so thai the company within might enjoy though much reduced in size/ (Original No. 2). the fresh air, and see all that was going on in the street but as the scenes within were not always fit to be seen by T VII. The ( ) French Horn was once a very common ' the profanum vulgus ' that passed by, trellis put a was up sign (Original No. 4). " The Horns (*) was a tavern of in the open window. This trellis, or lattice, was generally note in Fleet St. in the reign of Queen Elizabeth." painted red, to the] intent, it has been jocularly suggested, Highgate was the headquarters for the swearing on the that it might with rich harmonise the hue of the customers* horn, and after taking the oath, the new-made member effect, at all events, noses; which was obtained by the became fully acquainted with the privileges of a freeman, choice of this colour.' Thus in the ' Last Will and Tes- which consisted in : tament of Laurence Lucifer ' 1604 : " If at any are going Highgate, ' Watched sometimes ten hours together in an ale-house, ever and time yon through and want to rest yourself, ditch, anon peeping forth and sampling thy nose with the red lattice/ and yon see a pig lying in the yon have liberty to kick her ont and take her place 1 bnt if yon see three lying together, The lattices continued in use until the beginning of the yon mnat only kick oat the middle one, and lie between the other two." eighteenth century, and after they disappeared from the windows were adopted as * signs/ and such they continue VIII. " At the beginning of this century (°) there was to the present day. ' The Green Lattice occurs on a trades a noted tavern in Bond St. called The Brawn's Head, and token of Cock Lane, and still figures at the door of an ale- the general opinion was, that at one time it had a brawn or house in Billingsgate, whilst not many years ago there was boar's head for its sign this, however, was a mistake one in Brownlow St., Holborn, which had been corrupted ; the house was named after the head of a noted cook, whose into the Green Lettuce.' " (Original No. 2). name was Theophilus Brawn, formerly landlord of the " 8 IV. The Sun Tavern ( ) in Clare St., was one of the Rummer Tavern in Great Queen St., and the article (as the haunts of the witty Joe Miller, and is often given as the letters The were supposed to be) was simply an abbrevia- locality of his jokes." (§ 4.) tion of the man's magnificent name." (British, No. 8). l ( ) The History of Signboards, from the earliest times to the pre- sent day (Hotten and Larwood 1367), p 445. ( *) Hist, of Sign Boards, pp 165 and 230. ( ' ) Ibid, p 889. («) Ibid, p 374. (s) Lists 12 and 18. (») Ibid, p 166. (') Ibid, 6 ( ) Hist, of Sign Boards, p 61. (•) Ibid, p 881. — — " THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 15 IX " The Thbee Compasses.O This sign is a particular XIII. "Between Chancery Lane and Turnstile (says favourite in London, where no less than twenty-one Pennant) (*) is to be seen a sign which I thought only existed public-houses make a living under its shadow. Perhaps in one of the prints of the humourous Hogarth : I mean 1 this is partly owing to the compasses being a Masonic that of St. John 8 Head in a charger, inscribed Good emblem, and a great many publicans ' worthy brethren/ Eating Within." Frequently the sign of the Compasses contains between The Three Cranes, in the Vintry, was a wharf allotted the legs the following good advice : for the landing of wines, as the name imports, (*) but ' Keep within compass, instead of the Three Cranes, which used to lift the barrels Aod then you'll be rare, To avoid many troubles of wine, three birds were represented. (The compilers of That others endure.* " (§ 4.) our early private lists, who doubtless guessed the meaning X. "The Fountaine (") Tavern in the Strand was of the signs from the pictured impressions in the engraved famous as the meeting place of the Ultra-Loyal party in 1685, series, evidently possessed a very limited knowledge of who have talked over public affairs before the meeting of ornithology, this sign being invariably described as the Parliament. But 'the fate of things lies always in the Three Swans.) (See §§4 and 5.) dark ;' in the reign of George II. this same house became 7 a great resort for the Whigs." XIV. The Nag's Head ( ) Tavern, Cheapside, was The Kit Cat Club, in winter, used to meet at this house. the fictitious scene of consecration of the Protestant The name of the Club is said to have been derived from Bishops, at the accession of Queen Elizabeth in 1559, who, the first landlord, who was called Christopher Cat ; he ex- on the refusal of Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff, to celled in the making of mutton pies, which were named perform the ceremony (it was asserted), determined to after him Kit Cat, and were the standard dish of the consecrate one another, Scorey beginning with Parker, who Club :— instantly rose Archbishop of Canterbury. A refutation of this tale of " Here did th' assembly's title first arise, may, however, be read in Strype's Life And Kit Kat's wits sprang first from Kit Oafs pies." (§ 4). Archbishop Parker, at p 57. " Globe s Taverns stood, XI. One of the most famous ( ) 8 XV. The Apple Tree ( ) Tavern, in Dorrington St., was till the beginning of this century, in Fleet St. It had been much resorted to by the discharged prisoners from the one of the favourite haunts of Oliver Cromwell ; who, it neighbouring House of Correction and their friends, appears, was never tired of hearing a certain ' tun of a " perhaps the only waggery in public-house customs (writes ' man ' sing Nottingham Ale.' Goldsmith's face was so J. T. Smith in his " Vagabondia ") now remaining is in well known here that a wealthy pork butcher, another the taproom of the Apple Tree, opposite Cold Bath Fields habitue of the house, used to drink to him in the familiar Prison. There are a couple of handcuffs fastened to the words, ' Come, Noll, old boy, here's my service to you.' wires as bell pulls, and the orders given by some of the 4 company when they wish their friends to ring, are ' agi- XII. In a masque of 1683, ( ) the constituents of a tate the conductors/ " This house was at one time kept tavern are thus described : by Topham, " the Strong Man," whose amazing perform- " A flamingo red lattice, seneral drinking roomes, and a baoke doore, but especially a conceited eigne and an eminent bush." ances greatly interested Dr. Desaguliers, and are noticed in his " Course of Experimental The Bush certainly must be counted amongst the most Philosophy." print in Kirby's " 9 ancient and popular of signs. Indications of it are to be A Wonderful Museum," ( ) also the seen in the Bayeux tapestry, in that part where a house is 6ign at a public-house in East Smithfield, called the set on fire, with the inscription, Hie domus incenditur, next " Strong Man," represent Topham performing some of his to which appears a large building, from which projects wonderful feats of strength (No. 45.) something very like a pole and bush, both at the front and the back of the building. The custom came evidently from the Romans, and with it the oft-repeated proverb, B ( ) Some Aooonnt of London, 1793, p 187. " Good wine needs no bush." (Mourning Bush, now (•) Ibid, p 886. Emulation, No. 21.) (i) Ibid, p 428. 1 8 ( * ) Hist, of Clerkenwell (Pinki), p 141. ( ) Hist, of Sign Boards, p 147. ( ) Ibid, p 414. Appendix, list 13. (*) Ibid, p 494. (*) Ibid. (•) Hut of Islington (Nelson), 1811, p 124. —; — — 16 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 1 " Lists of Lodges " referred to : XVI. The Half Moon, Cheapside.( ) Elias Aahmole, the eminent philosopher, chemist and antiquary, records Enqbavbd Lists (36).—1723; 1725; 1736; 1738-41; 1744-5; 1750; 1752-58; 1760-62; 1764-70; in his Diary that he dined here with a company of Masons 1772-73; 1775-78.—(Grand Lodge.) (he having been 35 years a member of the Graft) in 1682. 1729; 1734; 1763.— (Pub. by Bro. W. J. The present Globe Lodge, No. 23, met at this tavern from Hughan.)—1762 (British Museum.) 1723 until after 1740; and here also was Preston's Miscellaneous Lists.—1722 ; 1738 ; 1756.—(Constit) 1730 (S. Prichard) ; 1733 (Rawlinson) ; 1735 " Mother " Lodge—formerly meeting at the White Hart (Picart); 1737 (Prichard) ; 1763-65 (Pocket, Com- " on the roll of the " Ancients —constituted for the second panion) ; 1765 J. Cooke; 1766 ; 1775-1815' (Free- time in ample form, and became the Caledonian Lodge masons' Calendar) ; 1797 (E. Newberry) ; 1813-14 (Hughan's Mas. Mem.) under the Constitutional Grand Lodge of England (Moderns). (§ 4.) The engraved lists commence in 1723, and the latest I have been able to trace is that for 1778. Of the 56 lists issued during this period, assuming the publication to have XVII. The meetings of Grand Lodge were held at the been an annual one, twenty are missing, viz., 1724; Kings Asms and the Fountains, Strand, in 1721; at 1726-28; 1730-33; 1735; 1737; 1742-43; 1746-49; the White Lion, Cornhill, and the Crown, Threadneedle 1751 ; 1759 ; 1771 and 1774. Street, in 1723; at the Bell, Westminster, and the The recovery of the lists for 1726-28 and 1730-33 is very Devtl, Temple Bar, in 1725. At the Devil was formed greatly to be desired. the celebrated Apollo Club, presided over by " rare John Pine was the engraver from 1723 to 1741, but the Ben Jonson." Subsequent meetings of Grand Lodge took first work of the kind, bearing his name, in the Library of place at the Queen's Head, Great Queen Street, in 1728 Grand Lodge, is the edition for 1725, the earlier one of 1723 having been printed by Eman Bowen. The lists for at the Three Tons, Swithin's Alley, in 1729 ; at the Rose, 1742-3 are missing, but in 1744 the engraver was again in Mary-la-Bonne, and the Half Moon, Cheapside, 1731 Eman Bowen. Benjamin Cole then followed during and at the Castle, Drury Lane, in 1732.(a ) 1745-66, being in turn succeeded by William Cole, in 1767, About sixteen sessions of Grand Lodge were held at the who brought out, in 1778, the latest engraved list, which is Crown and Anchor, in the Strand. It was at this tavern now owned by our National Masonic Library. " that on the 8th November 1813, was held an Especial 9 The establishment of the Freemasons Calendar in 1777, of the Ancients." Grand Lodge In the following month in opposition to an unauthorised publication of the same the Union with the Grand Lodge of the " Moderns " was name, published by the Stationers' Company in 1775-76, accomplished, and thus was formed " The United Grand seems to have gradually extinguished the older official list. Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of England."(s ) In the Calendar for 1778 appears the following note : " It being found impracticable to insert a correct list of the days of meeting in this annual publication, on account of the very frequent XIX. The following minute, attests that the habits alterations that are made, the Lodges are arranged in alphabetical contracted by our ancestors, in the taverns at which their order, and the figures refer to the numbers in the engraved list, pub- lished under the authority of the Grand Master, by W. Cole, engraver Lodges assembled, were not readily relinquished, during to the Society, No. 109, Newgate-street, where new impressions of the lists, corrected every month, may he had,"—a similar announce- their attendance at the Communications of Grand Lodge : ment appears in 1779, but in no later editions. G.L.Min. "Deo. 4, 1755.—The Lodge took into consideration the The " signs of the houses'' cease to be shown after 1769. Besolntion of the last C.C. (Committee of Charity)—That the Smoaking Tobacco or other thing should not for the futnre be permitted at any The engraved lists were renewed annually, certainly from CO. or Q.C. (Quarterly Communication) until all Business is over, when the D.G.M. observed that it was not only highly disagreeable 1738, and probably from the commencement of the series. and inconvenient to the many not need to it, bat it was also an in- Latterly, indeed, frequent editions were issued in a single decency that should never be suffered in any solemn Assembly, and year, which are not always found to harmonise with one was a great interruption of the Business of the Lodge as it prevented that due attention which every Brother ought to have to what was another. transacting, and therefore moved that the said Resolution of the said C.C. be made a Law of the Grand Lodge. Which was agreed to, To facilitate reference, the five changes of numbers, which and ordered to be entered accordingly." took place in the last century, viz., in 1740, 1756, 1770, 1781, and 1792, are all shown (Appendix) with, in each case, a distinct separate column, containing the numbers borne by Lodges on the previous numeration. This arrange- 1 ment will enable the interested reader to identify any ( ) Freemason's Magazine, Jan. 1794. 9 constituted prior to the Union (1813) with its name, ( ) Constit. 1738. Old and New London (Thornbury). Lodge 8 all lists from 1729 ( ) Freemason's Chronicle, 18th Feb. 1875. Has. Mem. p 16. place, and date on previous onwards. ; THE POUR OLD LODGES. 17 PART II. § 1 7. —Let us now apply ourselves to the inquiry, what constituted by the Grand Lodge according to the new are, or were the especial privileges of the four old regulations of the Society, and while such Lodges acted Lodges ? (*) in conformity to the ancient Constitutions of the Order 3 to admit their Masters and Wardens ( ) to share with I. Prior to the formation of the Grand Lodge (1717) it them all the privileges of the Grand Lodge, excepting " seems to have been the settled usage that a sufficient precedence of rank. Matters being thus amicably ad- number of Masons, met together within a certain district, justed, the brethren of the four Lodges considered their had at that time ample power to make Masons, and dis- attendance on the future Communications of the Society charge all the duties of Masonry, without any warrant of as unnecessary ; and, therefore, like the other Lodges, Constitution, the privilege being inherent in themselves as trusted implicitly to their Master and Wardens, resting individuals." At the first meeting,!?) however, of the Grand satisfied that no measure of importance would be adopted Lodge, the following regulation was passed, viz., that the without their approbation. The Officers of the Old privilege of assembling as Masons, which had hitherto Lodges, however, soon began to discover that the new been unlimited, should no longer be vested in the power Lodges, being equally represented with them at the Com- of the Fraternity at large, but that every Lodge to be munications, might, in process of time, so far outnumber the at that thereafter convened, except four old Lodges, the old ones, as to have it in their power, by a majority, to time existing, should be legally authorised to act by a encroach on, or even subvert, the privileges of the original Warrant from the Grand Master for the time being, Masons of England, which had been centred in the four with the consent and approbation of the Grand Lodge in old Lodges, with the concurrence of the brethren at large. Communication, and that without such Warrant, no Lodge should be hereafter deemed regular or constitutional. V. Therefore they very wisely formed a code of laws for the future government of the Society, and annexed thereto II. In compliment to the brethren of the four old Lodges, a conditional clause ; which it was agreed that the Grand by whom the Grand Lodge was first formed, it was resolved, Master for the time being, his successors, and the Master of " That every privilege which they collectively enjoyed, by every Lodge to be hereafter constituted, should engage to virtue of their immemorial rights, they should still continue preserve, and keep sacred and inviolable, in all time coming. to enjoy, and that no law, rule, or regulation, to he hereafter To commemorate this circumstance, it has been customary should deprive them of such privileges, or mads, encroach (says Preston) ever since that time for the Master of the on any landmark, which was at that time established as the oldest Lodge to attend every Grand Installation : and, standard of Masonic Government." taking precedence of all present, the Grand Master only excepted, to deliver the book of the original Constitutions to III. This resolution being confirmed, the old Masons in the new installed Grand Master on his engaging to support the metropolis, agreeably to the resolution of the brethren at the ancient Charges and the general Regulations. The large, vested all their inherent privileges as individuals in — conditional clause above referred to runs thus : " Every the four old Lodges, in trust, that they would never suffer annual Grand Lodge has an inherent Power and the old charges and ancient landmarks to be infringed. Authority to make new Regulations, or to alter these, for the real Benefit of this ancient Fraternity; Provided IV. The four old Lodges then agreed to extend their always that the old Land Marks Be Carefully Preserved patronage to every Lodge which should hereafter be and that such alterations and new regulations be proposed and agreed to at the third Quarterly Communication 1 ( ) Illustrations of Masonry, by Bro. W. Preston, Editions 1775, 1781, preceding the Annual Orand Feast ; and that they be 1796, 1801, and 1804. See next page (notes 4 and 5) and § 18 (VII.) 3 dates the passing of this resolution at ( ) Bro. Findel (p 140) 1723, but though a similar one was re-affirmed in that year (§ 18 VI.) old 3 Regulation VIII. (Constit. 1723, p 60) approved in 1721, expressly ( ) The privilege of voting in Grand Lodge was only extended to forbids the formation of any Lodge without the Grand Master's Past Grand Masters, 21st Nov. 1724; to Fast Deputy Grand Masters, Warrant. This regulation had probably been in force for some time 28th Feb. 1726; and to Grand Wardens, 24th Jane 1727. this prior to 1720, and was doubtless included in the code of roles then explains why Bros. Sayer and Payne (Past Grand Masters) appear at drawn up by Grand Master Payne. p 2 as Officere of private Lodges. — ; — THE FOUR OLD LODGES. offered also to the perusal of all Brethren before dinner, in of Bro. William Hawkins, demitted," as always out of 4 writing, even of the youngest apprentice ; the approbation Town."( )] and consent of the majority of all the brethren present YI. the precaution of onr antient being absolutely necessary to make the same binding and By above prudent 1 brethren, the original Constitutions were established as the obligatory.'^ ) basis of all This remarkable clause, with thirty-eight regulations future Masonic jurisdiction in the South of Eng- land and the Ancient Landmarks, as they are emphatically preceding it, all of which are printed in the first Edition of ; styled, or the boundaries as checks to innovation or the Book of Constitutions, was approved, ratified, and con- set up against the firmed by one hundred and fifty brethren, at an annual absolute dominion, were carefully secured in con- Assembly and Feast held at Stationers' Hall, on St. John the attacks of future invaders. The four old Lodges, contract, they considered Baptist's day 1721, and, in their presence, was subscribed sequence of the above in which by the Masters and Wardens of the four old podges on one themselves as a distinct party, continued to act by their original authority. And so far from surrendering any of part ; and by Philip Duke of Wharton the Grand Master Theophilus Desaguliers, LL.D.and F.R.S.,the Deputy Grand their rights, had them frequently ratified and confirmed by the whole fraternity in Grand Lodge assembled, wh# Master ; Joshua Timson and William Hawkins the Grand Wardens, and the Master and Wardens of sixteen Lodges always acknowledged their independent and immemorial s power to practise the rites of Masonry. No regulations constituted betwixt 1717 and 1721, on the other part.( ) the Society, which might hereafter take place, covld [The Thirty-nine old Regulations were compiled first by of Grand Master Payne, in 1720, and were approved by the therefore operate with respect to those Lodges, if such representatives of twelve Lodges, and by one hundred and regulations were contrary to, or subversive of, the origina were fifty brethren at the Annual Assembly and Feast held Constitutions by which only they governed; and at Stationers' Hall on the 24th June 1721. On the while their proceedings were conformable to those Con- 29th September following, "fault having been found stitutions, no power known in Masonry could legally de- right or privilege which they with all the copies of the old Gothio Constitutions," prive them of any had ever Grand Lodge ordered Dr. Anderson " to digest the same enjoyed.^) in a new and better method." On 27th December of the same year (the represent- § 18.—The following circumstantial account of the Old atives of 20 Lodges being present) "fourteen learned Lodges,(6 by Bro. William Preston, P.M. Lodge of brothers were appointed to examine Dr. Anderson's MS. ) Antiquity (the Masonic historian), may here be appropri- and to make report." On the 25th March 1722 (the ately inserted : officers of 24 Lodges being present), " the said Committee of fourteen reported that they had perused Bro. Ander- I. " Of the four old Lodges there is only one extant, viz., son's MS., viz. the History, Charges, Regulations, — and No. 1. The old Lodge of St. Paul, now named the Lodge Master's Song, and after some amendments, had approved of Antiquity, formerly held at the Goose and Gridiron in of it, the upon which the Lodge desired Grand Master to St. Paul's Church-yard.f) order it to be printed." On 17th January 1723, the Duke of Wharton was invested and installed as Grand II. " The Lodge No. 2, formerly held at the Crown in Master, "the officers of twenty-five Lodges paying their i Parker's Lane in Drnry Lane, has been extinct above " 8 homage," and Grand Warden Anderson produced the fifty ( ) years, by the death of its members. § 10 (II.) new book of Constitutions, now in Print, which was again 8 approved."( ) (*) The privileges of the old Lodges were first discussed by Preston in the third edition of his work in whioh he states, According to Preston (ante) the Compact of 1721 was (1781), " when the former editions of this book were printed, the author subscribed by the Grand Officers of 1723, who, more- was not sufficiently acquainted with this part of the History of Masonry in England," (p 224). ever, are incorrectly named, Dr. Anderson having on 17th 5 ( ) Except where other authorities are cited, the Statements January 1723 been appointed Grand Warden in the place embodied in this Section (17) rest on Preston's unsupported narrative. («) See §§ 6, and 9-12. (i) Constitutions 1723, pp 58 to 70, Art 89. (t) Preston, Ed. 1781, p 224. See p 19, note 2. (*) See note 5, also 8 and 18 (VII.), and Manifesto of Lodge of §§ (s) Ibid. This statement first appears in this edition (1781), and Antiquity, clause 4. Post, is repeated verbatim in those of 1796, 1801, 1804, and indeed every (») Constit. 1788, pp 112, 115, and 152. other, including the 17th Edition, published in 1861. — — — THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 19 " III. Lodge No. 3, formerly held at the Apple Tree Order, to which all Masons in England were bound to pay Tavern, in Charles-street, Covent-garden, has been dissolved obedience. many years. By the List of Lodges inserted in the Book of Constitutions, printed in 1738, it appears, that in * V. Upon this the Lodge of Antiquity withdrew from February 1722-3, this Lodge was removed to the Queen's the Grand Lodge, published a Manifesto in vindication Head, in Knave's Acre, on account of some difference of its conduct, resumed its original powers, and having among its members; and that the members who met asserted that the contract of 1721 had been violated by the there came under a new Constitution, though, says Grand Lodge, proceeded to act as a Lodge in the same the Book of Constitutions, thbt wanted it not:(*) manner it was authorised to do before that contract was and ranked as No. 10 in the list. Thus they inconsider- formed. ately renounced their former rank and every ancient privilege which they derived from their immemorial Con- VI. Referring to the preceding paragraphs (I.—IV.), stitution. the following note on the four old Lodges, by the same writer, exhibits an entirely different view of their privileges IV. Original No. 4, formerly held at the Bummer and responsibilities. (*)—" It is a question that will admit of and Grapes, removed to the Horn Tavern, and then agreed some discussion, whether any of the above old Lodges can, to incorporate with the Somerset House Lodge, which while they exist as Lodges, surrender their rights ; as these immediately assumed their rank.(') " The members of rights seem to have been granted by the old Masons of the this Lodge," says Preston, " tacitly agreed to a renuncia- metropolis to them in trust, and any individual member of tion of their rights as one of the four original Lodges, by the Four Old Lodges might object to the surrender, and openly avowing a declaration of their Master in Grand in that case they never could be given up." Lodge. They put themselves entirely under the authority The position thus advanced by Preston is confirmed by of the Grand Lodge ; claimed no distinct privilege, by the Constitutions of 1723, containing the "old Regulations" virtue of an Immemorial Constitution, but precedency of so eulogised by him in § 17, to which is appended the rank, and considered themselves subject to every law or following regulation of the Grand Lodge, over whom they could admit of no control, and to whose determination they and APPROBATION. every Lodge were bound to submit." Therefore we, the present Grand Master of the Bight Worshipful and Host Ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, the It was resolved in Grand Lodge, that the members of Deputy Grand Master, the Grand Wardens, the Masters and Wardens the Lodge of Antiquity should agree to the same pro- of particular Lodges, [with the consent of the Brethren and Fellows in and about the cities o/ London and Westminster ( »)] havingalsoperused position, they refused, it being, in their opinion, but repug- this performance, do join our landable Predecessors in onr solemn nant to the contract established at the first formation of Approbation thereof, as what we believe will folly answer the end proposed : all the valuable things of the old Records being retained. (*) the Grand Lodge, and to the original Constitutions of the It admits of little doubt, that in its inception, the Grand Lodge of England was intended merely as a governing 1 ( ) From this expression it is evident that the members of this Lodge were understood to have an inherent right, at least collectively, body for the Masons of the Metropolis. The minutes of without any new authority, to meet as a Lodge, and to discharge the Grand Lodge sufficiently attest this, as will be presently duties of Masonry ; and this in a more fall and ample manner than any newly constituted Lodge could do ; for it is very remarkable that shown, but it may also be mentioned that no Provincial the four Old Lodges always preserved their original power of making, Lodges appear on the roll before 1724 : passing, and raising Masons, being termed Masters' Lodges ; while the other Lodges, for many jears afterwards, had no such power, it having been the custom to pass and raise Masons at the Grand Nov. 25 1723,(8)—Agreed—"That no new Lodge in or near Lodge only.— (Preston, Ed. 1781, p 225). London, without it be regularly constituted, be countenanced by the Grand Lodge, nor the Master or Wardens admitted to Grand Regulations or Grand Lodge :—" Apprentices must be admitted Lodge." Masters and Fellow-craft only here, unless by a dispensation." Constit. 1723, p 61. 22nd Nov. 1725:—"The Master of a Lodge, with his Wardens, 3 ( ) Preston, Ed. 1796, p 248. This note appears for the first time and a competent number of the Lodge assembled in dne form, can in 1796 and carries with it, therefore, greater weight than if it had make Masters and Fellows at discretion." Constit. 1738. p 160: been penned by Preston during the Bohism of 1778-90. 1756, p 280. (*) This was followed by the names of Philip Duke of Wharton, 3 G.M. ; J. T. Desaguliers, D.G.M. ; and others, as set out at 2. ( ) The remainder of this paragraph is omitted in the editions p Note the passage within published after the restoration of No. 1. to its old place on the roll brackets (•); and compare with § 17 (III. and (1790), and Preston then speaks ef the two old Lodges now extant VL) which act by 5 Immemorial Constitution. ( ) G.L. Min. ( 20 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. (i)— if Nov. 21 I724f Ordered—"That any brethren shall meet by the repeal of this obnoxious Clause in the following irregularly and make Masons at any plaee within ten miles of London the express ground:—"That ifForrens (the new brethren excepted) shall not be admitted even as visitors year (1549) on into any regalar Lodge whatsoever, unless they come and make such (non-freemen) sholde come and worke within the libtyes submission to the Grand Master and Grand Lodge, as they shall think fit to impose on them. of the Cittie, that the same sholde be a great decay of couynge and an ympoverishment and drivinge awayo of The position of the London Building Societies, from the the freemen being Artificers of the Crafts, Artes, and earliest times, was of a very exceptional character, as will Mysteries aforesaide within the saide Cittie of London. "(*) be best illustrated by a brief reference to the Statute Though the legal effect of the foregoing enactment was Book. a removal from Trade or Craft Guilds, in all Cities, In 1514-15,(*) it was enacted:—"That no Freemason, Boroughs, or Towns Corporate, of the restrictions im- Mastir Carpenter, Rough Mason, etc., take no more, posed upon them by the legislation of 1548: it may " ne gretter wages than in this Statute is lymytted —but reasonably be inferred that the Building Trades of 3 — in the following year ( ) " on the Humble Petycyon of Loudon, in whose interest it was passed, derived the the Artificers of the Cytie of London," it was ordered chief, if not the exclusive benefit of its provisions. "that the seid Artificers and their prentices workyn The special consideration accordod by Parliament wythin the seid Cytie, or the libtie of the same, from to the building trades of Londou, might indeed favour hensforth may take lyke wages as they did take before the the supposition that, from the influential and highly pri- seid estatute hadde or made." vileged character of these sociotios, they preserved their By one of the Clauses of a Statute of 1548, (*) it ancient customs unimpaired long after thoso of tho pro- " was forbidden to interrupte, denye, lett, or disturb any vincial Crafts had lapsed into desuetude ; until becoming, Freemason, Rough Mason, Carpenter, Bricklayer, Plays- in the end, the sole depositories of whatever traditions 9 terer, Joyner, Hard Hewer, Sawyer, Tyler, Pavyer, Glasyer, were common to the associations of builders( ) —the four Lyme Burner, Brickmaker, Tylemaker, Plumber, or old Architectural Lodges of 1717, the representatives of Laborer, borne in this Realme, or made Denizon, to worke ancient Masonry in its latest phase—naturally enough, at in anye Cittie, Boroughe, or Towne Corporate ; albeit the the re- organisation of the institution on a speculative basis, sayde pson or psons doe not inhabyte or dwell in the Cittie, only contemplated, in the first instance, its wider extension Boroughe, or Towne, nor be free of the same." within the limits of the metropolis. Bro. Fort has noticed this law, " as repealing the statutes which prohibited the Craft of Builders from freely VII. It should be observed, in regard to Preston's practising their trade according to ancient usage and connection with the Lodge of Antiquity, that having custom." Almost identical language is used by Bro. previously delivered a course of Masonic lectures at the 5 Findel, ( ) but a careful examination of its terms will Mitre, in Fleet-street, and published the first edition of his render it quite clear, that the enactment was framed in " Illustrations of Masonry," this Lodge, on the occasion continuation of the policy, of which the much quoted law of his appearing amongst them as a visitor, on 15th June of 1425 (3 Henry VI. cap. 1) was but an intermediate 1774, not only admitted him a member, but actually elected fl manifestation, ) and constituted a further attempt to him Master at the same meeting. (") check the increasing abuses of the trade or craft guilds in Though writing with a great bias in favour of the Lodge, their restraint of skilled labour, native or foreign, from a full and free participation in the privileges incident to the (») 8 and 4 Edward VI. cap zz. 7 mechanical trades. ( ) (») From the fact that almost identical versions of the Masonic legend and charges were in circulation among the Scotch, York, and That the privileges of the old trade guilds of London London Masons in the middle of the seventeenth century, it may be were not lightly suppressed is, however, clearly evidenced contended that in all essential features the secrets of the old opera- tive Lodges were the same throughout both kingdoms. The practice, however, in Scotland of authorising individual brethren to make (i) G.L.Min. Masons out of the Lodge, probably conduced to the same want of (*) 6 Henry VIII. oap. iii. uniformity in the secret ceremonial of the Craft in the seventeenth as it admittedly caused in the eighteenth ceutury (Lyon, 22 and (») 7 Henry VIIL cap. v. pp 105). Masonry in York had practically died out in 1717, no meeting (*) 2 and 8 Edward VI. cap. xr. of the Old Lodge in that city taking place between 1716 and 1723, (*) Antiquities of Freemasonry, p 180; Hist of Freemasonry, p 80. in which latter year it was probably galvanized into fresh existence by the impetus whioh Masonry everywhere received from the in- («) Eden's State of the Poor (1797), VoL I. p 85. creasing importance of the Grand Lodge in the South. ( Brentano, History and Developement of Gilds, 148 ; see * ) p (W) P. M. Mag. (1795), Vol IV. p 3. European Mag. (1811), Vol. §22 (in.) LIX. p 823. — THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 21 which had paid him so signal a compliment, Preston's pied the attention of every Committee and Communication for twelve months. It originated from the Master, Wardens, and some of the yiews on all points, excepting the relative merits of the members, having, in consequence of a resolution of the Lodge, attended divine service at St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street, in " fonr old Lodges," carry with them great weight, and are the clothing of the Order, and walked back to the Mitre Tavern in entitled to oar utmost respect. their regalia, without having obtained a dispensation for the pur- pose. The Grand Lodge determined the measure to be a violation office of Deputy Grand Secretary Whilst holding the of the general regulations respecting publio processions. Various (which he afterwards resigned) he was specially employed opinions were formed on the subject, and several brethren highly disgusted. Another cirou instance tended stilt farther to widen the in arranging the general regulations of the Society, and in breach. This Lodge having expelled threa members for misbe- haviour, the Grand interfered, proper inves- preparing for the press an Appendix to the Book of Con- Lodge and without tigation, ordered them to be reinstated. With this order the Lodge stitutions ; during this period he amassed a quantity of refused to comply, conceiving themselves competent judges in the choice of their own members. The privileges of the Lodge of An- memoranda from which was afterwards formed his His- tiquity were then set up in opposition to the supposed uncontrollable tory of Masonry. authority of the Grand Lodge ; and in the investigation of this important point the original cause of dispute was totally forgotten. The early proceedings of the Grand Lodge of England, Matters were agitated to the extreme on both Bides ; resolutions were precipitately entered into, and edicts inadvertently issued during 171 7-23, rest upon his almost unsupported narrative, ; memorials and remonstrances were presented. At last a rupture hut apart from the fact that the second edition of his great ensued. The Lodge of Antiquity supported its immemorial privi- leges appointed Committees to examine records applied to the work (1775) was published with the formal sanction of the ; ; old Lodge in York City, and to the Lodges in Scotland and Ireland, then Grand Master, it should be recollected that he wrote for advice; entered a protest against, and peremptorily refused to comply with, the resolutions of the Grand Lodge ; discontinued the at a period when some were doubtless still living who had attendance of its Master and Wardens at the Committees of Charity and Quarterly Communications as its representatives published actually taken part in the " Revival," whilst many were ; a Manifesto in its vindication ; notified its separation from the Grand his competent to criticise statements, from having been Lodge ; and avowed an alliance with the Grand Lodge of all England held in the City of York, and Lodge and Mason who wished actively associated in Masonry with brethren who made every to act in conformity to the original Constitutions. The Grand Lodge the history, which Preston has so graphically narrated. enforced its edicts, and extended protection to tbe brethren whose cause it had espoused. Anathemas were issued, several worthy men Preston, however, is clearly in error in describing the in their absence expelled from the Society for refusing to surrender sixteen new Lodges constituted between 1717 and 1721 as the property of the Lodge to three persons who had been regularly expelled from it ; and printed letters were circulated, with the Grand a party to the contract of the latter year (§§ 17 and 23). Treasurer's accounts, highly derogatory to the dignity of the Society. The original constitutions were no doubt approved by This produced a schism, which subsisted for the space of ten years. the then existing Lodges, in 1721, but not being quite II. To justify the proceedings of the Grand Lodge, the following ready for the press, their final approbation was postponed resolution of the Committee of Charity, held in Feb. 1779, was printed and dispersed among the Lodges : until 17th January 1723, when it is beyond question (p 2) " Resolved—That every private Lodge derives its authority from that the representatives of sixteen new or warranted Lodges the Grand Lodge, and that no authority but the Grand Lodge can duly signified their assent, including the present Tuscan withdraw or take away that power. That though the majority of a Lodge may determine to quit the Society the constitution, or 25th then Lodge, No. 14 (constituted November 1722), power of assembling remains with, and is vested in the rest of the meeting at the George and Dragon, Charring Cross (sic). members who may be desirous of continuing their allegiance ; and that if all the members withdraw themselves, the constitution is Preston died at his house in Dean-street, Fetter-lane, 1st extinct, and the authority reverts to the Grand Lodge." April 1818, and on 10th April was buried in St. Paul's III. This resolution, it was argued might operate with respect to Cathedral. a Lodge which derives its Constitution from the Grand Lodge, but It may be interesting now to turn to Bro. Preston's could not apply to one which derived its authority from auother ohannel, long before tbe establishment of the Grand Lodge, and description of the temporary secession of the Lodge of which authority had been repeatedly admitted and acknowledged. it appeared upon record, that after the establishment Antiquity, original No. 1, from the Regular Grand Lodge, Had of the Grand Ix>dg* this original authority had been surrendered, forfeited, s as well as to his enumeration of the privileges enjoyed by or exchanged for a warrant from the Grand Lodge.( ) The Lodge of Antiquity must have admitted the resolution of the Grand Lodge in the time Immemorial Lodges. (') its full force. But as no such circumstance appeared upon record, the members § 19. (*) This is a hit all round at original Nos. 4, 2 and 3 respectively, I. On the 1st of Hay 1777, Lord Petre was succeeded by the Duke and illustrates the absence of cohesion amongst tbe fonr old Lodges, of Manchester, during whose administration the tranquillity of the who unitedly might have preserved their privileges for all time. The Society was interrupted by private dissensions. An unfortunate spoliation of No. 3 was powerfully assisted by a member of No. 4 dispute having arisen among the members of the Lodge of Antiquity, (Bro. Chooke). The erasure of No. 4 elicited no protest from its on account of some proceedings of the brethren of that Lodge on " fellow Immemorials"—No. 2 passed off the scene un lamented ; and the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, after his Grace's eleotion, on No. 1 availing itself of its undoubted right to retire from tbe the complaint was introduced into the Grand Lodge, where it oocu- Masonic Union in 1778, the remaining old Lodges raised no objection to the name, status and privileges of the senior Lodge, being vested in a few expelled members of it, who continued their allegiance to (') Preston, Ed. 1781, 1796, 1801, and 1804. the Grand Lodge. ( ( THE FOUR OLD LODGES. of the Lodge of Antiquity were justified in considering their imme- Esq., present Master of the Lodge of Antiquity, unanimity has been morial constitution sacred, while they chose to exist as a Lodge and happily restored, the Manifesto published by that Lodge in 1779 act in obedienoe to the ancient Constitutions. revoked, and the Master and Wardens of that truly auoient Associa- Considering the subject in this point of view, it evidently appears tion, the first Lodge under the English Constitution, have resumed that the resolutions of the Grand Lodge, could hare no effect on the their seats in Grand Lodge as heretofore ; while the brethren who had received the sanction Lodge of Antiquity ; especially after the publication of the Manifesto of the Society as nominal members of the avowing its separation. The members of that Lodge continued to Lodge of Antiquity during the separation, have been reunited with meet regularly as heretofore, and to promote the laudable purposes of the original members of the real Lodge, and all the privileges of that Masonry on their old independent foundation. venerable body now centre in one channel. IY. The Lodge of Antiquity, it was asserted, could not be dis- solved, while the majority of its members kept together, and § 20.—Brother Preston, in the foregoing narrative, acted in conformity to the original Constitution; and no edict omits to mention, that daring the of of the Grand Lodge or its committees *) could deprive the members pendency the of that right Lodge of a which had been admitted to be vested secession, the Lodge of Antiquity, original No. 1, founded a in themselves, collectively, from time immemorial; a right which had never been derived from, or ceded to, any Grand Lodge what- separate Grand Lodge of its own, under the title of the ever. To understand more clearly the nature of that Constitution, " Grand Lodge of England South of the Trent." There by which the Lodge of Antiquity is upheld, we must have recourse to the usage and customs which prevailed among Masons at the end of being in consequence, at such time, four Grand Lodges of the last, and beginning of the present century. The Fraternity then 5 England in contemporaneous existence, viz. : had a discretionary power to meet as Masons, in certain numbers, — ) according to their degrees, with the approbation of the Master of the work where any public building was carrying on, as often as they 1. The Grand Lodge of England (Regular Grand Lodge), found it necessary so to do ; and when so met, to receive into the Established 1717. Order brothers and fellows, and practise the rites of Masonry. The idea of investing Masters and Wardens of Lodges in Grand Lodge assembled, or the Grand Master himself, with a power to grant 2. The Grand Lodge of all England, York Masons,(«) Warrants of Constitution to certain brethren to meet as Masons, on the 1725. observance of certain conditions at certain houses, had no existence. The Fraternity, were under no such restrictions. The ancient charges 3. were the only standard for the regulation of conduct, and no law The Grand Lodge of England according to the Old was known in the Society which those charges did not inculcate. Institutions (" Seceders "), 1753. §§ 22, 26 and 28. To the award of the Fraternity at large, in general meeting assem- bled, once or twice in a year, all brethren were subject, and the 4 The Grand Lodge of England South of the Trent 7 authority of the Grand Master never extended beyond the bounds of ( ) (a) that general meeting. Every private assembly or Lodge was under (Lodge of Antiquity, original No. 1), 1779. the direction of its particular Master, chosen for the occasion s whose authority terminated with the meeting. ( ) When a Lodge was fixed at any particular place for a certain time, an attestation from the brethren present, entered on record, was a sufficient proof of its § 21.—The exceptional privileges granted to the Grand regular constitution ; and this practice prevailed for many years after Stewards will be noticed in Part III. ; but Bro. Preston's the revival of Masonry in the South of England. By this authority, which never proceeded from the Grand Lodge, unfettered by any 8 commentary thereupon, may here be appropriately cited. ( ) other restrictions than the Constitutions of Masonry, the Lodge of 9 Antiquity has always been, and still continues to be governed. "A privilege has been lately granted to the Stewards Lodge, of taking precedence of other Lodges ; a measure V. [(*) And it is well known to have been an invariable rule, long incompatible with the Constitutions , and which can never after the establishment of the Grand Lodge in London, on its present system, for the Grand Master, at his installation, solemnly to engage be sanctioned by the rules of the Society ; this privilege is to observe the ancient Constitutions, and preserve the to ancient said to have been irregularly obtained, and therefore privileges, of the Masons of England, as landmarks not to be removed. From this state of the case, it must appear obvious that any regu- several Lodges have entered protests against it in their lation of the Society that is subversive of the original Constitutions, private books, which in due time may have an effect, and must be an encroachment on the ancient privileges of Masonry ; and however, it may operate with respect to Lodges which have been con- probably induce a re-investigation of the subject." stituted in conformity to that regulation, it can never affect others which are not warranted by their constitution to give it a Bro. Preston further states, "that it having been sanction.] reported to the Lodge of Antiquity, that a member of the Stewards' Lodge, had threatened to enter a complaint, VI. While I have endeavoured to explain the subject of this unfor- tunate dispute, I rejoice in the opportunity which the proceedings of against the Master of a Lodge at Paddington, for having the grand feast in 1790 have afforded of promoting harmony, by re- paid the usual compliment to the of storing to the privileges of the Society all the brethren of the Lodge Master the Lodge of Antiquity who had been falsely accused and unjustly expelled in 1779. By the operation of our professed principles, and through the mediation of that true friend to genuine Masonry, William Birch, (*) Hughan, Masonic Memorials, p 9; Masonic Sketches and Re- prints, p 59. 6 ) Before this date, the chief officer was styled the President, and (i) §24(V.) ( no such term as Grand Lodge is recorded.—Hughan, History of Free- (») See § 22 (III.) masonry in York, p 41. See §§23 and 27. (3) N.B.—In antient times no brother, however skilled in tlie Craft, (7) Established by Warrant of Confirmation from the Grand Lodge was called a Master Mason until he had been elected into the chair of of all England (York). Held at the Queen's Head, Holborn. His- a Lodge.— Constit. 1873, p 7. tory of York (Hargrove), Vol. II. p 476. 8 () Preston, Ed. 1781 (only). ( ) Preston, Ed. 1796, p 272. See § 24 (VI.) " — THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 23 of Antiquity, on a visit, in preference to a member more, than that the foundation was defective in number, of the Stewards' Lodge, it was resolved by the members, and oonseqtiently defective in form and capacity. 1 That no Lodge, or member of a Lodge, under the con- " Nor can it be urged that such defection or irregular stitution of England, shall take precedence of the Master formation was owing to necessity, as there were numbers of this Lodge. And that a letter be immediately trans- of old Masons then in (and adjacent to) London, from mitted to the Master of the Lodge at Paddington, thanking whom the present Grand Lodge of Ancient Masons received a him for the respect shown to the Master of the oldest the old system without adulteration." ( ) Lodge, and promising to defend him and his Lodge against the said complaint.' 4 The complaint,' continues Preston, II. The author or compiler of the Complete Free- 'was never brought before the Society, and the matter mason, or Multa Faucis for Lovers of Secrets, an anony- dropt of course.' mous work published about 1764-6, speaks of six Lodges being present or represented at the Revival ; but as this statement is in direct contradiction to that of Dr. Anderson § 22.—I. It should be recorded, that the power of on the same subject, few will be found to differ from the the Four Old Lodges to erect a Grand Lodge in 1717, opinion expressed by Bro. Hughan, " that the preference was somewhat rudely called into question, by the Ancient or must be given to the account by Dr. Anderson, who clearly Seceding Masons, and though the arguments adduced by at a time personally as to the facts , wrote when many knew them, command no weight whatever, and were probably l narrated, and whose Book of Constitutions (1738) was invented by Bro. Laurence Dermott,( ) for the sole purpose really the official statement issued by the Grand Lodge, of disparaging the Regular Grand Lodge—these, it must having indeed been written by its order, and agreed to in be recollected, were, up to the date of the Masonic Union M.S. by the same body."( 4 of 1813, repeated in successive editions of the book of Con. ) Btitutions (Ahiman Rezon), published by authority of the III. The remarks, however, of Laurence Dermott (I.) Grand Lodge of England, " according to the Old Institu- possess, indirectly, some claim upon our attention, since tions," with which Masonic body, moreover, the Regular they indicate that, in the opinion of this brother, there had Grand Lodge of England eventually amalgamated, on been Grand Lodges prior to A.D. 1717 ; but though in terms of equality. With respect to the resolution this belief he was preceded by Anderson, and followed by passed by the Regular Grand Lodge, "after the first Preston, I shall attempt to show that there is no historical meeting in 1717 (Revival), ' that without a warrant evidence by which it can be sustained. from the Grand Master for the time being, no Lodge The terms of the famous statute—3 Henry VI. cap 1 should hereafter be deemed Regular or Constitutional,* (') (styled by Preston "An Act to abolish the Society of the Seceding brethren contended that the above Masons") (») "The yearly congregations and confederacies assembly (Grand Lodge of England) did not possess the " made by the Masons in their general Chapiters assembled power to pass such a resolution ; because it was not only have been regarded as confirmatory of the " legend of the self-created, but defective in numbers, whereas, in order to Guilds "—that there was an annual assemblage of the form (what Masons mean by) a Grand Lodge, there should Masonic fraternity, or in other words, a periodical meeting of have been the Masters and Wardens offive regular Lodges, a governing body (or Grand Lodge) of the entire brother- that is to say, five Masters and ten Wardens, making the number of installed Officers fifteen. " This (they continued) is so well known to every man 3 ( ) Ahiman Rezon, Ed. 1778, p 14. Origin of the English Royal conversant with the ancient laws, usages, customs, and Arch (Oliver), p 18. () See §§ 10 (in.), and 13 (I.) ceremonies of Master Masons, that it is needless to say ( • ) Whereas by the yearly congregations and confederacies made by the Masons in their general chapiters assembled, the good coarse and effect of the Statutes of Labourers be openly violated and broken, in (') Grand Secretary, "Ancients:" 1752-70. Hughan's Masonic Subversion of the Law, and to the great Damage of all the Commons : Memorials, p 10. It is not a little curious that Bro. Preston, the our said Lord the King, willing in this case to provide Remedy, by the historian and Deputy Grand Secretary of the Regular Grand Lodge Advice and Assent aforesaid, and at the special Request of the said (1717), should hare been initiated in a Lodge ("the White Hart") Commons, hath ordained and established, That Bnoh Chapiters and co the Boll of the " Ancients," whilst Bro. Laurence Dermott, the Congregations shall not be hereafter holden ; and if any each be made, Secretary, Deputy Grand Master, and General Chronicler of the they that cause such Chapiters and Congregations to be assembled Seceders (Grand Lodge of England, according to the Old Institu- and holden, if they thereof be convict, shall be judged for felons : and tions ") (1753), was a member of a " Regular" Lodge in London that all the other Masons that come to suoh Chapiters and Congrega- (Moderns) prior to his connection with the Ancients." tions be punished by imprisonment of their bodies, and make Fine and (*) See p 17, note 2. Ransom at the King's Will. ! —( ; 24 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. ! bear in mind that from the eighth centnry, the organisation hood.( ) The construction thns placed npon the wording of this enactment was first promulgated in the Constitution of the Guilds was so complete, that their ordinances were a imitated, or at least sanctioned in legislation, and that even book of 1723,f ) and has since been universally adopted, being relied upon by the more critical school of modern when tolerating the presence of the non-freeman, they 4 writers, as presenting the one indisputable fact, which alone conld bind him by their regulations. ( ) Being organised, prevents the old Guild Legend from being consigned to the the Craft Gnildmen provided for the maintenance of the region of fable and romance. Thus we find in a recent customs of their Craft, framed further ordinances for its work, which may be characterised as a monument of learning regulation, saw those ordinances properly executed, and " 5 and research—"From this phraseology —" en leur generalz punished the Guild-brothers who infringed them.( ) The " the City Chapiters assemblez —" There is no doubt, the Freemasons maintenance of their independence against had long been accustomed to meet in a general or Grand authorities, and the possibility of carrying out and making efficient their rules, however, body each year, to legislate upon all matters pertinent to the trade depended, on the well-being of 3 condition that all who carried on the trade should belong the craft." ( ) 6 Almost identical language, however, with what has been to the Guild. ) It is therefore scarcely to be wondered so particularly dwelt upon as occurring in the law of 1425 at, that so summary a curtailment of their legislative pre- rogative, to enact ordinances for the control and regulation (3 Henry VI. c. i.) is used in the earlier statute of 1360-61 (34 Edward III. cap. ix.) :— of their members, though directed in the first instance " All Alliances and Covines of Masons and Carpenters, against the building trades only, should have defeated its and Congregations, Chapters, Ordinances, or Oaths betwixt own purpose by the sweeping and revolutionary character them made, or to be made, shall be from henceforth void of its terms. and wholly annulled." We find, accordingly, that in 1436-7 an endeavour was To comprehend these laws (and therewith, the import made to regulate what Parliament, confessedly, was powerless to suppress. The Statute 15 Henry VI. cap. vi. of the language in which they were expressed), we must t after reciting 41 that the Masters, Wardens, and People of the many Guilds, fraternities, etc., make many unlawful (*) According to the "legend of the Guilds," the Masons were — successively empowered by Euclid, St. Alban, and Edwin of York, to and unreasonable ordinances,'* requires "all Letters meet annually in general convention. To this convocation the name Patent and Charters to be registered, and all future of " Assembly " was given, and all Masters and Fellows were required to attend, npon doe notice, and if within fifty (or according to some ordinances to be approved by Justices of the Peace or by MSS. ten) miles of the place whore the same was convened. 7 Governors of Cities and Towns."( Trespassers against the Science of Masonry were to be called to ) account, though if any one felt aggrieved at the award of his brethren The particular expressions, " Congregations/' and and fellows, he was not debarred from the exercise of his legal rights. " Chapters," which we have seen are employed alike HalliweU's Early Hist, of Freemasonry in England, Art. II. in the Statutes of 1425 and 1360-61, are further ex- Haghan's Old Charges of British Freemasons, passim ; and Fort's Antiquities of Freemasonry, 157-184. § pp plained by the proceedings of an intermediate year.( ) Inigo Jones is said to have instituted Quarterly Communications of Grand Lodge, in place of the annual general meetings of the Fraternity. This supposition, however, rests solely on the authority 4 Historical Essay on Gilds, 75-76. ( ) Brentano, pp The Old of a manuscript by Nicholas Stone, which was burnt in 1720. See English Guilds (Axon) Brit. Almanack and Companion, 1878, p 45. Constit. 1738, pp 99 and 111. The myth of an ** annual assembly" 5 if any one of the said Trade will not be ruled or ( ) Also,— having been accepted as a fact, this regulat ion of Qrand Master (?) directed in due manner by the persons of his trade sworn thereouto. Inigo Jones has proved a very useful connecting link between the old Such sworn persons are to make known his name nnder the Mayor and the new systems ! and the Mayor, by assent of the Aldermen and Sheriffs, shall cause 5 ArcbsBologin, Vol. ( ) P 36; IX. p 120. Preston states (on the him to be chastised by imprisonment and other punishment; that bo, authority of a record of the Society, said to have been in the other rebels may take example by him, to be rnled by the good folks possession of Elias Ashmole, which was unfortunately destroyed), of their trade. Regulations for the Trade of Masons, 30 Edward III., " Notwithstanding the appointment of a Grand Master for the South A.D. 1356. Biley, Memorials of London (1868), p 280. (1567), the general assembly continued to meet in the City of York as («) Brentano, p 118. Their government was by ordinances heretofore, where all the records were kept, and to this assembly or by-laws, framed by common assent amongst themselves, and appeals were made, on all important occasions!! Ed. 1804, pp 1 which were anciently called points. They chiefly regarded the 148.151 and 178. See § 19 (IV.) Dal loway, indeed, observes qualifications of members ; keeping their Trade Secrets ; the (Discourses upon Architecture, Ed. 1833, 427), " If the Chapters, p regulation of apprenticeships, etc. Herbert, Companies of London, or assembling of freemasons, had been injurious to the State by Vol I. p 45. fomenting insurrections, it is scarcely probable that such fact would i Statute 19 Henry VII. cap vii. Corporations have been totally overlooked, not only by the English historians but ( ) By the (1503) in the Statutes." or fellowships of Crafts, Guilds, and Fraternities, were further by-laws or ordinances without the 3 restrained from making approval ( ) Fort, Antiquities of Freemasonry (1876), 126, Note 3. p of the Chancellor. See § 18 (VL) Bro. Fiiidel says: "We must leave it undecided whether these (s) meetings for the increase of wages were the same as the regular Smith's English Gilds, pp 128-130. Herbert's Companies I. 36. lodges held according to the usual custom of the Bauhutten. Hist, of of London, Vol p Freemasonry (1871), p 97 ; see also pp 111 and 127. The earliest Masonic MS. we possess (Royal MSS., 17 A.I.) if — ( THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 25 In 1388 (12 Rich. II.) writs were issued to the Sheriffs of says : —(P. 150) " The absence of any ordinances in the London and of every Shire in England, ordering them to returns made (to the law of 1388) by the Craft Gilds is make proclamation, calling on the Master and Wardens of much to be regretted. The ordinances of the Gilds of all Guilds and Brotherhoods whatsoever, for returns as to Crafts wonld be of quite as much interest as those of the the manner and form of the oaths, gatherings, feasts, and Social Gilds." This deficiency, however, he himself General Meetings of the brethren and sisteren.^) The supplies, and we find (at p 315), amongst the ordinances Masters, Wardens, and Overlookers of all the Mysteries of the Craft Guild of Tailors, at Exeter, that there were to and Crafts, were also to be called npon to send np in the be four days of regular meeting of the Guild—"and att same way, copies of their Charters or letters patent, when that dayys, the othe and the Ordynawnse-ys and Consty- they had any. In a note to his " English Gilds," Mr. J. tusyons shall be radde." Toulmin Smith, who had critically examined over -five In a petition to Parliament against this Guild (22 Edw. hundred returns from these associations, observes:—"the IV.), by the Mayor and Corporation of Exeter, it is com- distinction between the gatherings (congregationes) and plained that " they ofl-tymes haue made and caused to be general meetings (assemblias) is seen at a glance in most of made dyvers Conuenticles, Commocions " etc. The expres- the ordinances. The Gild brethren were bound to gather sion Conventicles would seem to be here employed in the sense irregular " 3 together, at unfixed times, for special purposes ; but besides of or unlawful Chapters," or secret meetings.( ) these gatherings upon special summons, general meetings of Colour is lent to this supposition by the phraseology of a the Gilds were held on fixed days in every year, for election proclamation of the " Mair, Shirreues, and Aldermen " of 2 the City of officers, holding their feasts," etc.( ) of London in 1383 (7 Rich. II.) which orders— Though the preceding note refers to the " Social " as " that noman make none Congraciouns, Conuenticides, ne distinguished from the " Craft " Guilds, it applies with assembles of people in priue neu apert (in private nor equal force to the latter of these associations. Mr. Smith openly), withoute leue of the Mair ; ne ouer more in none manere ne make alliances, confederacies, conspiracies, ne obligaciouns forto bynde men to gidre; upon peyne of the date assigned to it by Halliwell (1390) is correct, was probably empresonement, vche (each) man that is yfounde in swych copied from the retarn made by one of the Guilds of Masons, in conformity with the law of A.D. 1388? It is noteworthy that this defaute, and his bodi at the " Kyngges will etc.( 4 ). MS. makes no mention of King Solomon, though it alludes to the There can, it is conceived, be but little " Holy Martyres' Foure." Bro. Fort observes :—The operative Mason doubt that at the of the Middle Ages in France and Germany, knew nothing of a General Meetings (or Assemblies) of all Crafts, Mysteries and Jewish origin of his Craft. In case the traditions current in the Thirteenth Century, or later, had pointed to the time of Solomon, Fraternities, by which names the trade Guilds of the middle in preparing the regulations for Corporate Government, and in order ages were indifferently described, it was the practice to to obtain valuable exemptions, the prestige of the Israelitish King would have by far transcended that of the Holy Martyrs, or Charles regulate the price of their merchandise or of their labour, the Hammer-Bearer." Antiquities of Freemasonry, p 181. The and to assert the prerogative of domestic legislation, Constitutions, however, of later date, claim both King Solomon and by Charles Martel as patrons of the Masons, and maintain that a passing such ordinances as they deemed saitable and pupil of the former, survived till the 8th Century of the Christian necessary for the proper government of their members. 5 era, and became the instructor of the latter. ! ! ) 1 ( ) Women were freely admitted to Guild membership, as the records of these associations attest. There being scarcely five Guilds oat of five hundred which were not formed equally of men and (3) The term " Chapter," is supposed to have originated in the fact women. Introduction to Smith's English Gilds (Lucy Toulmin that at the general meetings of religious orders, of which the first Smith), p xxx. The widow of a Guild brother, even if she married was held by the Cistercians in A.D. 1116, it was customary to read a man who was not free of the Guild, generally conferred on him some or all of the " Chapters " containing the rales of the Community. that privilege by marrying him. Brentano, Hist, and Develop©merit of Gilds, p 182. Sisters appear as members of the Guilds of For some interesting remarks on the Constitutions of the German Carpenters at Norwich, and of Tylers at Lincoln, whilst of 43 Steinmetzen " held in the form of a Chapter " (in Kapitelsweise), founders of a Guild at Hull, A.D. 1358, 18 were women. Smith's see Findel, p 73. English Gilds, 37, 155, and 184. Bro. Fort accounts for pp (p 314) («) Riley, Memorials of London, p 480. their exclusion from Lodges of Masons, by reason of their inability This extract from the Civic records, is noteworthy, as being the to take legal and formal oaths ? The York MS., however, of 1693, earliest entry in English in the Letter Books. containing regulations for the Masonic Craft, has the following : " The one of the elders takeing the Booke, and that hee or shee that is 5 ( ) By the rules of St. Katherine's Guild, London, the Wardens to bee made mason shall lay their hands thereon." Hughan's Hist, <( were to make none newe Statutes, ne newe ordinances w*oute of Freemasonry in York, 74, and Old Charges of Brit. Freemasons, p assent of alle ye bretherhede, and that it be don on ye day of here p 15. According to Herbert (Companies of London,*Vol. I. 193), p Assemble. Smith's English Gilds, p 8. Sisters disappeared as members of the fraternities early in the seventeenth century. Every Gild had its appointed day or days of meeting, once a year, twice, three times, or four times, as the case might 3 ( ) English Gilds, p 128. Inclusive of the returns made to the be, when all the brethren and sistren met together to transact law of 13813, Mr. Smith had analysed the constitutions of more than their common affairs. At these meetings, called morn speeches si* hundred, of these societies. (in the various forms of the word) or "dayes of spekyngges 4 —— — 26 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. other eminent persons, that they always paid due allegiance Scefe a. remarkable occurrence moreover, as the Assembly to the said Grand Assembly.(») cf 4j3 the members of the building trades, in a general con- vocation, besides conflicting with the inherent and inde- IL pendent Gnraortions of the individual Crafts, which were narked features of the Guild system, would have been Ccm*tiraxicn Bock, 1739, p 81 1757. p 109 k eeq. Illustrations of Masonry, p2MiMq. OM Record* Commotion Book, ITS*, pp 52,60, 6B, 78 1738, to certain authority, than the pp ISO, 155 1767. pp 541, 344. IQaitrations of Masonry, p 119, MS. in the handed down us on more Lodge of Antiquity. preamble of an ancient statute, and the apocryphal records Axd whebeas it appears, by oar Records, that in the year 1567, of oar nhristvng fraternity. the increase of Lodges in the Sooth of England being so great aa " In a sister kingdom, where '* the legend of the Guilds to require some Nominal Patron to superintend their government, it was resolved that a person under the title of Grand Master for the points to Kilwinning as the birth-place of Scottish Masonry, South should be appointed for that purpose, with the approbation of the Grand Lodge at York, to whom the whole Fraternity at large the feature of an " annual assembly " has similarly been were bound to pay tribute and acknowledge subjection.—And, after engrafted on the old Masonic tradition. Commenting the appointment of such Patron, Masonry flourished under the guardianship of him and his successors in the South, until the Civil : thereupon, Bro. D.M. Lyon observes Wars and other intestine commotions interrupted the assemblies of the brethren. (*) " He (Bro. Laurie) does not seem to have been staggered in bis belief by reflecting on the improbability of Ma*ons from Aberdeen, Perth, St. Andrews, Edinburgh, and other places, in an age when ra. loag ymrmjM wen attended with both difficulties and dangers, travelling to a distant obscure hamlet to adjust differences in con- Constitution Book. 1738, p 106 1767, p 176. Illustrations of Masonry, p 844. section with their handicraft. Altogether, the story of the 'Heredi- Biographia Britannica, VoL I., Ashmote. Constitution Book, 1738, p 106 tary Grand Master/ and his annual assemblies at Kilwinning, is so ' 1767, p 188. myth-like, that we decline to accept it as a historical fact."(2) j And whereas, it also appears that, in the year 1693, the Meetings of the Fraternity in their regular Lodges in the South became leas § 23. frequent and chiefly occasional, except in or near places where great works were carried on.—At which time the Lodge of Antiquity, or MANIFESTO OF THE EIGHT WORSHIPFUL (as it was then called) the Old Lodge of St. Paul, with a few others LODGE OF ANTIQUITY, 1778. of small note, continued to meet under the patronage of Sir Chris- topher Wren, and assisted him in rearing that superb Structure from Reprinted from Hictokt'of Freemasonry ix York (Hnghan). which this respectable Lodge derived its Title. But on completing , this Edifice in 1710, and Sir Christopher Wren's retiring into the To all regular FREE and ACCEPTED MASONS. 3 ( ) Bro. the Rev. A. F. A. Woodford lays great stress on the fact I. of all well-known existing MSS. from about the year 1550, con- Origin*! MS. in the Lodge of Antirmity, A.D. 1686. Book of Constitutions curring in naming York as the place of meeting of the Masonic 1723, pp 32, 33 1734, p 63 1707, j> 84. Illustrations of Masonry, 1776, Assembly (§ 22—HI.) and is of opinion that the old Masonic tradi- 10fe. Freemason's Calendar, Ac. MS. in the British Museum, variety p and a tion points to Edwin King of Northumbria, who in 627 aided in the of Publications on the subject of Masonry. Old MS. in the hands of Mr. Wilson, of Broombead, near Sheffield, Yorkshire, written in the reign of building of a stone church in York, also that a Guild charter was K. Henry 8th. granted to the operative Brotherhood under Athelstan in 927. The connection of York with the History of Freemasonry in England Whekkas the Society of Free Masons is universally acknowledged and Preface to Hughan's Old British Charges (Woodford), p xiv. to be of ancient standing and great repote in this kingdom, as by Bro. Hnghan also thinks " that so uniform an agreement respecting our Becords and Printed Constitutions, it appears that the first York, in manuscripts found in different parts of England and Scot- Grand Lodge in England was held at York, in the Year 926, by land, must have their origin in something more stable than fiction." virtue of a Royal Charter, granted by King Athelstan—And, under Hist, of Freemasonry in York, p 38. Bro. Findel, however, says : the patronage and government of this Grand Lodge, the Society The inventors of Masonic Legends were so blind to what was imme- considerably increased ; and the ancient charges and regulations of diately before their eyes, and so limited in their ideas, that they the Order so far obtained the sanction of Kings and Princes, and preferred associating the Legends of their Guilds with some tradition or other. The English had the York Legend, reaching as far back as the year 926. The German Mason answers the question touching tokedere for here comune profyte," mnch business was done, such as the origin of his Art, by pointing to the building of the Cathedral of the choice of officers, admittance of new brethren, making up Magdeburgh (876) ; and the Scotch Mason refers only to the erection accounts, reading over the ordinance*, Ac. one day, where several of Kilwinning (1140). Findel (citing Kloss), pp 105-6. were held in the year, being fixed as the general day. Introduction to Smith's English Gilds (Lucy Ton I rain Smith), p 32. (*) In 1567, it is stated in the famous Manifesto of the Lodge of From the records of the Grocers' Company, it appears, that in Antiquity of 1778, the Grand Lodge permitted the creation of a 1848, their General Assembly met at Ringed Hall, Thames Street. Grand Master for the South, but of this no other proof is, as I am Herbert Vol. I. p 806. "The privileges granted" (says Herbert) aware, so far forthcoming, and this is the only existing evidence that (Taking the Merchant Tailors' Charter, 1328 for an instance) are, as in 1567 there was a Grand Lodge at York.—" The Connection of York to General Meetings, 11 that they may have and hold their Gild once with the History of Freemasonry in England " (Rev. A. F. A. Wood- a year," and may in the same " settle and govern their mysteries." ford). " The preserving of their Trade Secrets was a primary ordination Bat York being in a remote part of the kingdom, it was many of all the fraternities, whence arose the names of " mysteries " and years ago thought proper, for the convenience of the Fraternity, to " Crafts." Ibid, 44-45, and 423. pp remove the Grand Lodge from that city to the Metropolis—and the present Grand Lodge of England are the true York Masons. (*) History of Freemasonry and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, (?) " Principles of Freemasonry Delineated " (Trueman), Exeter, (Laurie) p 51. 1777, p 153. (For the reply of the York Masons to this Statement, see 8 History of ( ) the Lodge of Edinburgh, p 65. See next Note. Mas. Sketches and Reprints. Hughan, p 40). — — ( THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 27 country, the few remaining Lodge*, in London and its suburbs, con- government of Masonry, by the present nominal Grand Lodge in tinned, withoat any nominal Patron, in a declining state for about London, highly injurious to the institution itself, end tending to sub- the space of seven years.(i) vert and destroy the ancient rights and privileges of the Society, more particularly of those members of it under whose sanction, and by whose authority, the said Grand Lodge was first established and IV. now exists. Constitution Book, 1738. p 109 1767, pp 188, 180. Illustrations of Masonry, pp 246, 847. Constitution Book, 1723, p 70. Ibid. Ibid, pp 73, 74. Con- VI. stitution Book, 1723, p 68. Constitution Book, 1739, p 185. State of Facts, by Brother Preston, pp 38, 49. And whereas, in the year 1717, the Fraternity in London agreed to cement under a new Grand Master, and with that view the Old And whereas, at this present time, there only remains one of the Lodge of St. Paul, jointly with three other Lodges, assembled in said four original ancient Lodges— The Old Lodge of St. Paul, or, as form, constituted themselves a nominal Grand Lodge pro tempore, it is now emphatically styled, The Lodge of Antiquity. Two of the and elected a Grand Master to preside over their future general said four ancient Lodges haviog been extinct many years, and the meetings, whom they afterwards invested with a power to constitute Master of the other of them having, on the part of his Lodge, in subordinate Lodges, and to convene the Fraternity at Btated periods open Grand Lodge relinquished all such inherent rights and privi- in Grand Lodge, in order to make Laws, with tbeir consent and leges which, as a private Lodge acting by an immemorial Consti- approbation, for the good government of the Society at large But tution, it enjoyed. But, The Lodge of Antiquity, conscious of its Subject to certain conditions and restrictions then expressly stipu- own dignity, which the members thereof are resolutely determined lated, and which are more fully set forth in the 39th article of the to support, and justly incensed at the violent measures and pro- general regulations, in the first book of Constitutions. This article, ceedings which have been lately adopted and pursued by the said with 38 others, was afterwards, at a meeting of the Brethren in and nominal Grand Lodge, wherein they have assumed an unlawful pre- about the cities of London and Westminster, in the year 1721, rogative over the Lodge of Antiquity, in manifest breach of the solemnly approved of, ratified and confirmed by them and signed in aforesaid 39th article, by which means the peaceable government of their presence by the Master and Wardens of the Four Old Lodges that respectable Lodge has been repeatedly interrupted, and even on the one part, and Philip Duke of Wharton, then Grand Master. the original independent power thereof, in respect to its own Internal and William Hawkins Grand 9 Dr. Desaguliers D.G.M., Joshua Timson Government, disputed :( ) Wardens, and the Masters and Wardens of sixteen Lodges which had been constituted by the Fraternity, betwixt 1717 and 1721, on the other part. And these articles the Grand Master engaged for VII. himself and his successors, when duly installed, in all time coming inviolable these prudent pre- to observe and keep sacred and —By State of Facts, passim. cautions the ancient Landmarks (as they are properly styled) of the intended to secured against any encroach- Four Old Lodges were be Therefore, and on account of the Arbitrary Edicts and Laws rights and privileges.(») ments on their Masonic which the said nominal Grand Lodge has, from time to time, presumed to issue and attempted to enforce, repugnant to the ancient Laws and principles of Free Masonry, and highly V. injurious to the Lodge of Antiquity. (*) 8ee the alterations in the last Edition of the Book of Constitutions, by com- paring it with former Editions. See also State of Facta, by Bro. Preston, VIII. We, the Master, Wardens, and Members of the Lodge of Antiquity, And whkbjea8, of late years, notwithstanding the said solemn considering ourselves bound in duty, as well as honour, to preserve engagement in the year 1721, sundry innovations and encroachments inviolable the ancient rights and privileges of the Order, and, as far have been made, and are still making on the original plan and as in our power, to hand th*»m down to posterity in their native purity and excellence, do hereby, for ourselves and our successors, solemnly disavow and discountenance such unlawful measures and proceedings of the said nominal Grand Lodge; and do hereby (*) As against this disparagement of the other old lodges, it declare and announce to all our Masonic Brethren throughout the will be sufficient to remind the reader that the 1st Grand Lodge was Globe, That the said Grand Lodge has, by such arbitrary conduct, | held under the banner of the lodge, meeting at the Apple Tree evidently violated the conditions expressed in the aforesaid 39th Tavern, original No. 3, a member of which lodge was elected the first article of the general regulations, in the observance of which article Grand Master, upon whose vacation of this office, the honour of supply- 8 the permanency of their authority solely depended. ) ing the head of the Craft for the next three years, devolved upon original No. 4. " It must be borne in mind that the seventeenth century had been IX. very turbulent and full of commotions : Masonry, therefore, which can only flourish in times of peace, continued in a fluctuating state, And in consequence thereof, We, do by these presents retract and found many difficulties to struggle with. In such unsettled from, and recal, all such rights and powers, as We, or our prede- seasons, particular Lodges could not be regularly attended in the cessors, did conditionally give to the said nominal Grand Lodge in Southern ports of England, near the principal theatre of political London ; and do hereby disannul and make void all future Edicts action ; but were held occasionally when circumstances favoured the and Laws which the said Grand Lodge may presume to issue and brethren, except in or near places where great Works were carried enforce, by virtue of such sanction, as representatives of the ancient on. Thus Sir Robert Clayton held an occasional Lodge of his Brother and honourable Society of Free and Accepted Masons. (o) Masters at St. Thomas's Hospital, Southwark, A.D. 1693, and to advise the governouxs about the best design of rebuilding that Hos- pital as it now stands most beautiful ; near which a stated Lodge 3 See 9-12, and 18. continued for a long time afterwards. Besides that and the Old ( ) §§ 6, 4 Lodge of St. Pauls, some brothers, living in 1790, remembered ( ) Compare with Part III. post. another in Piccadilly over against St. James Church, one near West, (s) See § 24 (II.) post. minster Abby, another near Covent Garden, one in Holborn, one on 6 Bro. Hnghan says History of Freemasonry in York," Tower Hill, and some more that assembled statedly." — (Constit. ( ) (" p 66), " Reasons were not wanting to give a colour to the action on the 1738, p 106; 1756 and 1767, p 176 ; and 1784, p 193.) ' part of the York authorities ; on the other hand, the Lodge of Anti- 5 quity ' presumed too their ' time immemorial ' privileges ( ) See §§ 3, 17, 18 (VL-VII.) and 24. much on — —9 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. x. XI. Records in the Grand Lodge of York. Constitution Book, 1723, p 00. Private Correspondence. And whereas we have, on fall enquiry and doe examination, And whereas the present members of the said Grand Lodge at happily discovered, that the aforesaid truly ancient Grand Lodge York have acknowledged the ancient power and authority of the Lodge of at York does still exist ; and have authentic Records to produce of Antiquity in London as a private Lodge, and have pro- their antiquity, long before the establishment of the nominal Grand posed to form an alliance with the said Lodge, on the most generous Lodge in London, in the year 1717 ; We do, therefore, hereby and disinterested principles,—We do hereby acknowledge this solemnly avow, acknowledge, and admit the Authority of the said generous mark of their friendship towards ns, and gratefully accept Most Worshipful Grand Lodge at York, as the truly ancient and their liberal, candid, and ingenuous offers of alliance :—And do only regular governing Grand Lodge of Masons in England, to hereby, from a firm persuasion of the justice of our cause, announce whom the Fraternity all owe and are rightfully bound to pay a general union with all Regular Masons throughout the world, who allegiance. (*) shall join us in supporting the original principles of Free Masonry, in promoting and extending the authority of the said truly ancient Grand Lodge at York, and under such respectable auspices in pro- pagating Masonry on its pure, genuine and original plan. after forming a part of the Grand Lodge of England, 1717." But with all deference to so high an authority, 1 venture to question the soundness of the conclusion he has drawn. (See §§ 17, 18 and 24). XII. The right to expel from the Union (exercised by the Grand Lodge in 1747, see § 12) would imply a right to secede from the Union ; if And Lastly, we do earnestly solioit the hearty concurrence of all many could withdraw from one, one could withdraw from many. If regular Lodges of the Fraternity in all places where Freemasonry the Union could become inconvenient or disagreeable to all the is legally established, to enable us to carry into execution the afore, Lodges but one, such majority might become disagreeable to that said plan, which is so apparently beneficial to our most excellent one. If the many, for that reason could expel, why could not the one institution,—and at the present critical junoture, so essentially neces- for that reason retire ? And if the logic of expulsion be sound, that sary to curb the arbitrary power which has been already exerted, of secession is equally Bound. These rights it might be contended — or which hereafter may be illegally assumed, by the nominal Grand if there was any right at all to break up the compact of Union Lodge in London,—and so timely prevent such un-Masonic pro- were correlatives. ceedings from becoming a disgrace to the Society at large. But the privilege of secession, possessed by the time immemorial lodges, though fully justified by precedent, derived yet a higher By order of the Bight Worshipful Lodge of Antiquity, in sanction from principle. Since without conceding the rights of ex- open Lodge assembled, this 16th day of December, A.D. pulsion and secession to be correlatives, either of the four old Lodges 1778. A.L. 5782. oonld protest against ejection because it involved compulsion, and yet claim a right to retire, because if compelled to remain, that was J. Sealy, Secretary. equally a compulsory restraint. Both really involve the same principle, ejection and imprisonment, they are equally acts of com- * #* As a few Expelled Members of the Lodge of Antiquity have pulsion, and this might be alike objected to in both cases. presumed to associate as Masons at the Mitre Tavern, in Fleet Street, under the denomination of this Lodge,—Notice is hereby given, A Lodge compelled to go or remain had a forcible restraint im- that the Right Worshipful Lodge of Antiquity, acting by an Immemorial posed on its will, but in seceding it imposed no restraint on the will Constitution, is removed from the said Mitre Tavern, to the Queen* of others— they remained free to follow (ie., the time immemorial Arms Tavern, in St. PauVs Church-Yard; where all letters lodges) or to continue as before. It may be urged that reasonable to the Lodge are requested to be directed. men would not have framed a system exposed to ruin at any time by the secession of its constituents. But the question is, not whether the terms of the compact were wise or prudent, but simply what Note.—The circumstances attendant on the secession of No. 1 those terms were, and the force they possessed. have been shown in § 19, but it may be added, that on 4th February " 1778, Bro. Preston, "for having asserted an inherent right to be (" Ambrose's Letters," New York, 1865, pp 41, 205 ; Spence's vested in the Lodge, No. 1, by virtue of its immemorial constitution, American Union," 2nd Ed., pp 198—200 and 210.) Many points of to discharge the duties of Masonry, and that it was not in similarity will be found in the principle of State Bights (U.S.A.), the power of the Grand Lodge to deprive it of that authority "—" was and in that upon which the rights of the Old Lodges are, or were, desired to retract that doctrine, as it might tend to create a schism" based. A comparison is recommended between Art. 39 " Constitu- —which declining to do, a motion for his expulsion was put and carried. At tions G. L. of England, A.D. 1723" (§§ 17 (V.) ante and 24 post), " " the same meeting, however, (Quarterly Communication) he eventually and Art. 2 Constitutions U.S. of America, A.D. 1781," viz. : Each deposited the following declaration in the hands of the Grand Secre- State retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every — tary : " I am sorry I have uttered a doctrine contrary to power, jurisdiction and right, which is not, by this confederation, ex- the general opinion of the Grand Lodge, and I declare I will never pressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled." Com- in future promulgate or propagate a doctrine of any inherent right, pare also: privilege, 1. The four original Lodges— 1. The thirteen original States rights of? rights of? whereas we crn trace the old Lodge at York several years before that period, liist. of Freemasonry in York (Hughan), p 7. Bro. 2. New Lodges — rights of 2. New States rights —by — of—by Godfrey Higgins, however, states : —I have no doubt that the M^^ona Grant or Charter of Grand Grant or Charter of Con- were Druids, Culidei, or Chaldei and Casidaeans. The Chaldeans Lodge ? gress ? (Culdees) are traced downward to Scotland and York, and the Masons backwards from this day to meet the Culidei at York. The 3. rights of all Lodges (1717 3. The rights of all The States, Masons of Southern England, until amalgamated with those of York, to 1813) original and new original and new — as were in fact only a modern offset of some other Lodge. The reason affected affected —as by Amend- by Amendments was this. The Druids of Stonehenge, Abury, etc., etc., were all killed ments of Constitution ? of Constitution. or banished to the Northern Counties or Wales by the Romans. Thus we have no Culdees in the South!! Anacalypsis—An Attempt to 1 is ( ) It much to be regretted that we know virtually nothing of Draw aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis ; or an Inquiry into the Origin the early recorded meetings of the four Lodges whioh met in A.D. of Languages, Nations and Religions (1836), Vol. I. pp 717-18, and 1716, and decided to revive Freemasonry in the City of Great Britain, 817. 29 or preeminence in Lodge No. 1, more than any other Lodge, except Grand Lodge under date of 25th November 1789, constitutes the its priority as the senior Lodge." (Signed) William Preston. official record of the termination of the schism :— " Brothers 1 The motion for his expulsion was then rescinded^ ) John Wilson, Benjamin Bradley, John Sealy, Thomas Shipton, the Reverend Gilbert Buchanan, Samuel Goddard, Hugh Lloyd, and On 29th January 1779, Bro. William Preston (described as a William Preston, late members of the Lodge No. 1, who were journeyman Printer) along with ten other members of the Lodge of expelled this Society in the year 1779, having Signified their Con. Antiquity was expelled from the Society by the committee of Charity, cern, that through Misrepresentation, as they conceived, they should which sentence was confirmed by Grand Lodge on the 3rd February have incurred the displeasure of that Assembly, and their Wish to be following. The alleged delinquencies of these brethren were thus restored to the Privileges of the Society, to the Laws of which they announced to the Craft : —" That the same parties who had with- were ready to conform ; the Grand Lodge thereupon being satisfied drawn themselves from that Lodge (Antiquity), as before mentioned, with their Apology, and also the Respectability of the Characters, had, in defiance of every rule of Justice, Honour, and Decency, in and desirous of wiping away every Stigma against their Reputation, the Deadest Hour of the Night, by Force, taken away all the Furni- thought proper to order, that the said Brothers be restored to all the ture, Jewels, and Books belonging to the said Lodge, which were the Privileges of the Society, and their grace granted, and that they be joint and equal Property of the Members at Large." 2 ( ) entitled to admission to every Lodge, as Members or otherwise, and The following notification, which appears in the Proceedings of to share all the Privileges of other regular Masons." By order of the Grand Lodge, Q) G.L.Min. (*) Proceedings of Grand Lodge. William White, G.S. PART III. 61b Qths Jlrgulalions. § 24. Regulations. XXXIX.—Every annual XXXIX.—On 24th June 1723, G. Lodge has an inherent at the Feast, the G. Lodge before " Power and Authority to Dinner made this Resolution I. The present status of the surviving " Old Lodges ; make New Regulations, or that it is not in the Power of any having now to be considered, a retrospect of the Legisla- to alter These for the real Man or Body of Men to make any Benefit of this Antient Alteration or Innovation in tlie Fraternity, provided Body Masonry, tion of the Craft, so far as it bears upon the compact of always of without the that the Old Land Marks consent first obtain'd of the G. 1721 becomes essential.^) be carefully preserved, and Lodge. And on 25 Nov. 1723, that such New Regulations the G. Lodge in Ample Form and Alterations be pro- resolved, that any O. Lodge duly posed and agreed to at the met has a Power to amend or It will be convenient, however, in the first instance, to 3rd Quarterly Communica- explain any of the printed Rcgula* tion preceding the Annual tions in the Book of Constitutions ; examine into the power of amendment actually possessed Grand Feast ; and that they while they break not in upon the be offerM to the Perusal of Antient Rules of the Fraternity. by the Grand Lodge, together with that which it assumed all the Brethren before But that no Alterations shall be Dinner in writing even of made in this printed Book of Con- the right of exercising. For this purpose, a comparison the Youngest Enter'd stitutions without leave of the G, Prentice; the Approbation Lodge. between Article XXXIX. of the Old and the New Regula- and Consent of the Majority Accordingly of all the Brethren present All the Alterations or New being absolutely necessary tions respectively, as shown in the Constitution Book for Regulations above written are to make the same Binding only for amending or explaining will useful. and Obligatory; which must 1738, be found the Old Regulations for the Good therefore after Dinner, and of Masonry, without breaking in after the New 0. Master npon the Antient Rules of the is install'd, be Solemnly Fraternity, Still preserving the desired ; as it was desir'd The term " Old " Regulations, was used to denote the Old Land Marks ; and were made and obtain'd for these Old at Several Times, as Occasion Regulations, when proposed < rules of the Society as published in 1723, whilst the expres- offer'd, by the Grand Lodge ; who by the G. Lodge to about have an inherent Power of Amend- 99 160 Brethren at Stationers sion " New Regulations was applied to the various altera- ing what may be thought incon- Hall on St. John Baptist's venient, and ample Authority of " Day 1721. tions that were subsequently made : these (" Old and making New Regulations for the Good of Masonry, without the The end of the Old " New ") are shown in parallel columns in the Constitu- consent of all the Brethren at the Regulations. Grand Annual Feast ; which has tions 1738, from which the following extract is given. not been disputed since the said 24th June 1823, for the Members of the G. Lodge are trnly too Representatives of All the Fra- ternity, according to Old Regula- 0) See §§ 3, 17, and 23 (IV.) ; also §§ 18 (VI.) and 33 (IV). tion X. — — 30 II. It should be recollected, that virtually the contract writing to all the brethren, including the youngest of 1721 was tripartite, the parties thereto being, Entered Prentice. It will be shown, however, that the Grand Lodge soon 1. The Fonr old Lodges. proceeded to act, as though its power of amendment was without limitation, and that it possessed ample authority 2. The new Lodges constituted between 1717 and 1721. to change, one by one, every feature of the Constitution. 3. The Masons of London and Westminster.^) IV. Composition of Grand Lodge. The Grand Lodge, From which it follows, as an obvious corollary, that the — 2 by the Old Constitutions, could consist only of the Masters teiple sanction was essential to any variation of its terms. ( ) s and Wardens ( ) of regular Lodges, with the Grand Master 3 6 "The Constitutions of 1723," says Findel,( ) ".have ever and his Wardens at their head ( ) : and it had been cus- since been regarded as the legal foundation, in fact, of the tomary even for these officers, at their annual elec- Fraternity of Freemasons under the form it should retain tion, and on other particular occasions, to withdraw, and in the future, leave the Masters and Wardens of the Lodges to consult " That the laws and regulations therein contained were together, that no undue influence might warp their opi- really those which were found in the ancient documents, nion.^) The first innovation upon the usages of the and in use up to that period, the official character of the Society, occurred 27th December 1720, when the office of Book of Constitutions itself, as well as the repeated assur- Deputy Grand Master was established, and the Grand ances of Anderson and Desaguliers, that everything was Master was empowered to appoint that officer, together retained that was really ancient and authentic in the old with the two Wardens, This encroachment upon the Constitutions, is a sufficient security on the one hand ; and privileges of members, seems to have been strenuously on the other hand, the full and complete investigation of resisted for several years, the nomination of the learned Kloss, who compared them with the old Constitutions natural philosopher, Dr. Desaguliers, as Deputy Grand themselves, has established it beyond doubt."(0 Master, being only approved on the 24th June 1723, by a majority of one ; the votes being 43 for, to 42 against. On this occasion, the Duke of Wharton, late Grand III. A power of subsequent amendment was vested in Master, who presided, though nominating Dr. Desaguliers the Grand Lodge, subject to certain well-defined condi- on behalf of the actual G.M., the Earl of Dalkeith, took tions : care to vote against him, which led a Bro. Robinson to characterise Lio behaviour as " unprecedented, unwar- 1. It could be exercised at the Third Quarterly Commu- rantable, and irregular ;" the result being, to quote the nication, only, preceding the Annual Feast. minutes of Grand Lodge, " that the late G.M. went away without ceremony." 2. The old landmarks were not to be disturbed. from the hall The question of nomination or election, was again 3. Every proposed alteration was to be submitted in debated at subsequent Quarterly Communications, not being finally settled until 28th April 1724. The privilege of voting in Grand Lodge was soon (*) See 18 (VI.) and 33 (IV.) §§ afterwards extended to Past Grand Masters (1724), Past 2 ) It is immaterial to the principle contended for, 8 ( whether the Deputies (1726), and Past Grand Wardens (1727); ( ) resolution passed in 1721 is regarded as a contract, or as a solemn Preston " a peculiar favour." engagement entered into by the Masonic fraternity. Since in either and was styled by case, comformably with " old Regulation " XXXIX., the course of The Treasurer and Secretary were gradually admitted fatnre legislation was to be determined by the members of all Lodges, old and new, inolading the Masons of London and Westminster, or, in other words, by " the general vote." 3 ( ) Page 147. Touching the names of those who signed the (»)§17(IV.) Book of Constitutions, as well as the extract from the Minutes of the year 1723.—See Kloss, History of Freemasonry in England, 45. p 6 ( )O.E.Xn. Conetit. 1723. (*) The Grand Lodge of England was fully entitled to propose the fundamental laws of the Fraternity, for she the 7 was first regu- ( ) Preston, Ed. 1804, p 227. O.K. XXIX. larly organized Masonic Association on the whole terrestrial globe. History of Freemasonry (Findel), p 148. 8 ( ) Sea p 17, Note 3. — — ; — THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 5 to fall membership, it not having been settled till 1753 2. The Grand Lodge, ( ) thus, to a certain extent, volun- that the Treasurer " was a Grand Lodge officer, by vertue tarily delivered over to this Committee the residue of of his office, and as snch to be elected from amongst the that independence which had been left to it, in the passing ! brethren who had served the Stewardship." ( ) of resolutions. This innovation, viz., the extension of the Eventually, however, the privilege of voting in Grand Committee for the administration of the Charity Fund, into Lodge was extended to all Grand Officers, present and a meeting of Master Masons, on whom power was conferred past. By old Regulation XIV. in the absence of the Grand to make arrangements of the greatest importance, and to Master and his Deputy, the right of presiding in Grand prepare new resolutions, (°) not only virtually annulled the Lodge was vested "in the Master of a Lodge, who authority vested in the Grand Lodge, but likewise greatly should be the longest a Freemason," providing there was endangered the equality of the brethren in the different no one present who had been Grand or Deputy Grand Lodges. • Master, but before 1738 this privilege was transferred to actual or Past Grand Wardens. VI. — Privileges of the Grand Stewards. — 1. In 26th Nov. 1728, N.R. (New Regulation) XII. If any the Grand Mastership of Lord Weymouth, the Stewards* Officer (Master or Wardens) cannot attend, he may send a Lodge was established (1735), and with its forma- Brother of that Lodge (but not a mere Enter'd Prentice) tion commenced the bestowal of those extraordinary with his jewel to supply his Room, and support the honour privileges, which produced so widely spread a feeling of of his Lodge.Q) dissatisfaction among the Craft, and was, according to It has been well observed, that in agreeing to the old some high authorities, one of the chief causes of the great Regulations, the single (private or original) Lodges, had schism. to sacrifice some of their former independence, which signi- 7 The twelve Stewards of the year( ) had to attend the fied the less, as at first the Grand Lodge was composed at 3 Grand Lodge in their proper clothing and jewels, to pay entirely of representatives from the Lodges. ( ) the rate of four Lodges towards the expense of the Com- munication, and (at first) " were not allowed to vote, nor even V. Committee of Charity. —On 13th December 1733, to speak, except wlien desired, or else of what related to the the following regulation was made (*) : ensuing feast only" These privileges were rapidly extended, and it was 1. " That considering the usual business of a Quar- soon passed, " that each of the twelve should vote in Grand terly Communication was too much for one time Lodge.(») whatever business cannot be despatched here, shall be Also to encourage gentlemen to serve the office (of referred to the Committee of Charity, and their opinion Steward) it was agreed on 31st March 1735 that all Grand reported to the next Grand Lodge. Officers, the Grand Master excepted, should be elected out all questions debated at the said Committee, shall That 9 of that body.( ) be decided by a majority of those present." The following extract from the minutes of Grand Lodge of In consequence of this regulation, the Committee 10 attests the extreme unpopularity of these measures ( ): Charity was considered as immediately dependent on the Grand Lodge ; and the minutes of their proceedings were " 11 Deo. 1735. A petition and appeal was presented and read signed by several Masters of Lodges, against the privileges granted regularly read and confirmed at the Quarterly Communica- to the Stewards1 Lodge at the last Quarterly Communication. The tions. appellants were heard at large, and the question being put whether the determination of the last Quarterly Communication relating to this matter should be confirmed or not. In the course of the collect- (*) Constat. 1767, p 259. ing the votes on this occasion, there appeared so much confusion that (*) Nothing is more usual than to accommodate a young Mason as soon as possible with a Warden's jewel, even from another Lodge, if it cannot be readily procured in that wherein he was made, in order that he may see the Grand Lodge, as a matter of amusement, 5 ( ) Findel, p 164. Constit. 1812, Calcutta. (Note). 6 See 19 (II.—IV.), and end of Part II. (P 29). (*) Findel, p 148. By a regulation passed 8th January 1788—all ( ) § Hall were constituted subscribers of £25 to the (Masonic) Fund (?) Constit. 1738. members of Grand Lodge— 1 ' Those brethren under the rank of Master shall respeotiyely 8 Mason, to be members from the time they be ( ) Constit. 1756, p 305. advanced to that degree." Proceedings of Grand Lodge. (») 6.L. Min. Preston, Ed. 1796, p 269 j Constit. 1784, p 364. 9 ; () N.B. XIIL, Constit. 1738, pl81.—Freemasons Calendar, 1775, p47. («9 G.L. Min. " " 82 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. it was not possible for tbe Grand Officers to determine with any cer- munications, and to so regulate the Grand Festival, that no tainty what the numbers on either side of the question were. They were, therefore, obliged to dismiss the debate and close the Lodge. expense whatever may fall on the Grand Lodge. Since 1847, when it was first proposed by Bro. John Bigg, On tbe 7th February 1770 it was passed in Grand Lodge : P.M. Moira Lodge, now No. 02, that the distinction of the " tbe of the Stewards' Lodge in As tbe right of members " Red Apron " should be thrown open to all Lodges in of Charity appears donbt- general to attend the Committee rotation, many motions to a similar effect have been sub- of fnl, no mention of such right being made in the laws mitted (though unsuccessfully) to Grand Lodge. are opinion, that they have the Society, the Grand Lodge of The fairest and most equitable proposal bearing no general right to attend; but it is hereby resolved, that upon the duties and status of Grand Stewards was allowed tbe privilege of sending a the Stewards' Lodge be made by Bro. John Havers (now Past Grand Warden) in equal any other Lodges, to number of brethren, to four 1848, to the effect that the Grand Festival should be con- Charity, and that, as the every future Committee of verted into a charitable festival, and that Stewards serving private only has a right to attend, Master of each Lodge all the Charities should rank as Past Grand Stewards. to make a proper distinction between the Stewards' Lodge Lodges, that the Master and three other and the other VIII. —The preceding paragraphs (I.—VI.) will have members of that Lodge be permitted to attend at every amply illustrated the great abuses which had found their succeeding Committee on the behalf of the said Lodge." way into our ancient Society. The numerous new regu- not to intended This resolution, however, was declared be lations, which were introduced, caused dissatisfaction, as previously to deprive any Lodge which had been constituted the rights of individual Lodges were more and more en- ! of its regular rank and precedence. ( ) croached upon, and the Grand Lodge was made gradually 2 Bro. Findel thus expresses himself :( ) to assume the character of an independent and arbitary power.(*) " The newly created Stewards' Lodge, which waB permitted to send a deputation of twelve members to the Grand Lodge, having the The Summary erasure of Lodges, who were irregular in privilege of voting as individuals, and wearing distinctive aprous and their attendance at the Quarterly Communications, or in ribands, as it was resolved that in future all the Grand Officers should be elected out of that body. The office of Steward, which their contributions to the General Charity has been was a very expensive one, became by this means associat d with noticed in Part I., and it will be sufficient favouritism, in which rank and wealth had the preference, in total to remark that the liberal and equalising spirit of Masonry. The opposition to the expulsion from the Masonic Union of original No. 4, Grand Lodge, Bays Kloss, first introduced into Masonry that axiom, so abundantly practiced in the so-called higher degrees, that the more and the high-handed supercession of original No. 3, amply largely a brother contributes, the greater his weight in the Lodge. attest, that in its career of innovation, the Grand Lodge This unjust preference shown to the Stewards excited loud but righteous indignation among the Brethren, and such a disturbance was in no degree restrained from the full exercise of its ensued that Ward had to get up and make a speech calling for assumed powers, by any sentimental feeling of gratitude ' decency ' and * moderation.' toward the Lodges which had called it into being. The fortunes of the Stewards' Lodge culminated on 18th April 1792, when it was put over the heads of its Masonic " 5 § 25.—The disturbance of the Ancient Land Marks,"( ) parents, and placed at the head of the list withont a number. 3 ( ) (*) 18th April 1777 :—Resolved, that all Lodges which have not complied with the orders and Resolutions of the Grand Lodge, in regard to the regulations for building a Hall, for the use of the Society, be erazed out of the List, unless they transmit to the Grand VII.—From the date of the Union (1813), the Grand Secretary, on or before each Quarterly Communication, an accurate list of all members, made or admitted since 29th October with Officers ceased to be selected from the Grand Stewards' 1768, the registering fee stipulated by the Regulations of that date, or give Lodge, which, in fact, was only saved from extinction by some satisfactory excuse for the neglect. G.L. Min. 8 Bro. Findel suggests nine landmarks, of which the ninth, "is the perseverance of the late Bro. W. Williams, Prov. ( ) the right of each Mason, even of the youngest apprentice, to participate G.M. for Dorset. Eighteen Lodges received the privilege in Masonic legislation, and to be represented in Grand Lodge/* Kingston Masonic Annual 20. Bro. Hughan," prefers no of annually nominating each a Grand Steward, to be (1871), p enumeration of the landmarks, but advocates instead, the adoption of a approved by the Grand Master. Their duty is to assist in general principle whereby to test all innovations or alterations ; " and that," he thinks, " should be, to conserve the true welfare of the conduct iug the arrangements made for the Quarterly Com- Craft by agreeing only to such changes as will not interfere with the settled customs, ceremonies, and obligations peculiar to the Fraternity. Let the test (he adds) be sufficiently elastic to admit of needful 1 regulations, according to the spirit of the age in which we live, and ( ) Preston, Ed. 1796, p 272. See § 21. a yet so exact as to reject all attempts at fanciful legislation or inter- ) P 155. ( ference with the foundations of our ancient and honourable society. 3 ( ) Freemasons? Calendar. Masonic Review (Cincinnati Ohio), December 1876. — ( THE FOUR OLD LODGES. S3 as recorded in the previous section, or in other words, the The introduction into this country of the then newly- repeated innovations upon the original constitutions, devised and so-styled "High degrees" was doubtless gradually effaced from the old Lodges all, or nearly all, greatly aided by the foresight of their originators, who their distinctive features of constitution, and in the result whilst refraining from any direct rivalry with the Antient materially contributed to the great schism of 1739-1813, Craft degree, at the same time cleverly associated their which was only healed at the cost of their permanent dis- invention therewith, by limiting the privilege of member- ship to 3 placement from their Ancient precedency. (§ 28.) Freemasons. ( ) They thus instilled a belief that the alleged " High Grades" were a recovered portion of the ancient mysteries of the Fraternity, and thereby persuaded § 26.—L The causes of the great schism of the last no inconsiderable section of the Craft, that their general century are foreign to the scope of this work, except so adoption was " a return to the old lines," and instead of an " far as they can reasonably be identified with the Inno- innovation, but the raising of a more stately and perfect vations" carried out by the Grand Lodge, which, no superstructure, on the foundations of the existing edifice of doubt, in the judgment of many worthy brethren, were Masonry. (*) " rapidly effacing every vestige of the Antient Landmarks." " The seeds thus disseminated had the more time to That the abuses, the leading features of which, only, have thrive, as the Grand Master (Lord Byron), from 1747 to been outlined in great discontent, know, § 24, produced we 1752, was constantly absent from this country ; the Grand but in the opinion of the writer, the great disruption of the Lodge (says Findel) becoming completely powerless, as no Craft was attributable to three distinct causes. 5 regularity in the business was observed." ) (c) Assuming the influences above summarized, to have speak, II. (a) Speculative Masonry (*) was, so to only on been in active operation for some years prior to 1 752, it its trial, during the generation which succeeded the authors may, I think, be reasonably concluded that the arbitrary of the revival. The institution of a society of Free and and unconstitutional behaviour of Grand Lodge at last Accepted Masons, on a cosmopolitan and unsectarian basis, turned the scale in favour of secession. was one thing ; its consolidation, however, opposed as its practical working showed it to be, to the ancient customs III. From 1717 to 1722, the claims of the operatives, and privileges of the operatives, was another and a very had been very fairly recognized in the distribution of different affair. Grand Lodge office, as is attested by the appointments of the latter year, when Mr. Joshua Timson, Blacksmith, and (b) The importation from France of many varieties of spurious Masonry about 1740-50 had tended to disparage parts of the kingdom from admitting the French novelties, full of the primitive simplicity of the English Rite. (*) (§29.) tinsel and glitter, and high sounding titles. Proofs of a Conspiracy, 1 (Bobison), 1797, p 9. The Abbe Barruel and Professor Bobison wrote at the same era, without mutual consultation ; one a French clergyman, the other a Scottish professor, and both Freemasons. Their works produced an (i) It is stated by Preston (Ed. 1804, p 208) " that (about the immense sensation, and evoked an elaborate defence of first decade of the last century) in order to avert the total lapse of the Order from the Earl of Moira, Acting Grand Master. This illus- the Society, it was agreed that the privileges of Masonry should no trious brother, however, in 1809, practically admitted the justice of longer be restricted to operative Masons, bat should be extended to the striotures, which ten years previously be had applied himself to men of various professions, provided they were regularly approved refute, by speaking "of mischievous combinations on the Continent, and initiated into the Order." No authority is cited in support borrowing and prostituting the respectable name of Masonry, and sowing disaffection and sedition of this position ; but it has, nevertheless, been adopted by succeeding through the communities within Masonic historians, iuoluding Bros. Findel, Steinbrenner and Fort, which they were protected."—Speech at Leith, N.B. the last named of whom ISO) actually accords to this alleged 3 (p ( ) See Preface to Findel's History of Freemasonry, 2nd Edition, decision of the operative Graft, the importance of a formal proclama- by Bro. D. M. Lyon, p vii. tion ! The Diary, however, of Elias Ashmole, and Dr. Plot's History of Staffordshire (p 316, see also Lyon, p 51) conclusively establish (*) Michael Andrew Bamsay opened the door (1740) to the so- that nan-operatives were admitted into the Society in the seventeenth called High Grades, of which the injurious effects, notwithstanding oentnry, and it being the practice of all trade guilds, from their the utmost exertions of genuine Freemasons, are felt to this very day. earliest existence, to admit occasional members, who were not of Findel, p 204. Dr. Oliver (Historical Landmarks, Vol. I. p 9, their "Craft," it seems, in the highest degree improbable, that 1846), speaks of the degrees practised on the Continent having either the " Masons," or the " Freemasons," should have constituted settled down to about forty, though he mentions having before him an exception to this general rule. Speculative Masonry, in the text, a list of nearly one thousand, which had been or were then practised is considered in its later phase, that is to say, from the period of its under one or other denomination of Freemasonry. In this respect, becoming the sole representative of the two original elements ef the indeed, the palm must now be yielded to our American brethren, Society. who, according to a recent writer (Macmillan's Magazine, June 1878), "can boast of more Grand Lodges, more members, and mors (') Even England, the birthplace of Masonry, has experienced !" degrees of Masonic folly, than the whole of the old world combined ! the French innovations ; and all the repeated injunctions, admoni. 8 tians, and reproofs of the Lodges oonnot prevent those in different ( ) Findel, p 173. 5 ; ( :; 84 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. l Mr. William Hawkins, Mason, appear as Grand Wardens. ( ) ings were held in open defiance of the regulations. (') By In 1723, however, a straggle for supremacy, between the way of detecting the schismatics, and thus excluding operatives and specnlatives, had set in, and the former them from the orthodox Lodges, the expedient was from that time could justly complain of their total super- adopted of introducing a slight alteration in the system,^) 8 cession in the offices of the Society. or as otherwise expressed ( ) "some trifling innovations were sanctioned, upon the ancient customs of the Order." IV. In 1730, Anthony Sayer, the Premier Grand Master, This resolution was unfortunate, and produced the very was publicly admonished and well nigh expelled for taking evil it was intended to avert. part in illegal assemblies of dissatisfied Masons, who were seeking to undermine the authority of the Society they VI.—Schisms in Societies (says Laurie),^) generally s and others had so recently constituted. ( ) The following arise from misconduct on both sides, and the rule applies extract s will from a contemporary narrative ( ) (1730), to the case now under consideration. further illustrate, the disagreement which then prevailed. The " Moderns " undoubtedly departed from their usual " Some operative Masons (but according to the polite way custom and propriety ofconduct, by authorising the slightest of expression, Accepted Masons), made a visitation from innovation upon the ceremonies of an ancient institution 4 the first and oldest Constituted Lodge ( ) (according to but the " Ancients " were guilty of a greater impropriety, in the Lodge Book in London) to a noted Lodge in this city, being the active promoters of the schism, and still more by and was denied admittance, because their old Lodge was holding up their brethren to the ridicule of the public. 10 removed to another house, which tho' contrary to this They propagated an opinion, ) that the ancient tenets great Mystery, requires another Constitution,^*) at no less and practices of Masonry, were preserved by them ; and that expence than two guineas, with an elegant entertainment, the regular Lodges, being composed of modern Masons, had under the denomination of being put to charitable uses adopted new plans, and were not to be considered as acting which, if justly applied, will give great Encomiums to so under the old establishment. Whilst, therefore, arrogating worthy an Undertaking, but it is very much doubted, and to themselves, the high sounding title of " Ancient " Masons, most reasonable to think, it will be expended towards the they branded the brethren of the Regular Lodges with the forming another system of Masonry, the old Fabrick being odious appellation of " Moderns," who they averred never so ruinous, that unless repaired by some occult Mystery, existed till 1717 (§ 22). This has been rightly styled by a will soon be annihilated." n distinguished living writer, as ( ) "a paltry attempt to throw doubts on the legality and Masonic character of a Body, 1738-39 certain brethren were charged with 9 V. About from which they, as also the 'Modems, received their a " different Master's part," when several meet- working knowledge of the Craft. " A similar view was expressed by 12 — the late Dr. 01iver( ) : " I shall use the words ancient and modern in their general acceptation, the former to designate (*) Besides the two brethren named in the text, we find amongst the Seceders, the latter the Grand Wardens of previous years:—Mr. Jacob Lamball, Carpenter, and the Constitutional Masons 1717; Mr. John Cordwell, City Carpenter, 1718; Mr. Thomas although both were alike ancient or modern, being equally Morrice (Morris), Stone Cutter, 1718-19 and 1721 ; and Mr. Thomas Hobby, Stone Cutter, 1721. derived from the same source." (») 28th Aug. 1730—A paper signed by the Master and Wardens The two phrases are, indeed, very happily charac- the Lodge at the Queen's Head in Knave's-acre was presented and of terised in Bro. Findel's great work on Freemasonry, read, complaining of great irregularities having been committed by Bro. Anthony Sayer, notwithstanding the great flavours he bath lately where we find, by way of commentary on the rituals of the received by order oi' the Grand Lodge. (See p 10.) " rival Grand Lodges : The simpler one, the Catechism of 15th Dec. 1730—Carried by a majority that what Bro. Sayer had done was irrogalar only, and not clandestine—and was recommended to irregular in fatnre. Min. by the D.G.M. do nothing so G.L. G ( ) Mas. Mem. p 4. (3) "Masonry Dissected." By S. Priohard, late member of a 7 Some account of the Schism amongst the Free and Accepted Constituted Lodge (1730). For an interesting criticism of this ( ) Masons in England Oliver, 16. work, and of Dr. Anderson's reply, (" A Defence of Masonry, (1847). p occasioned by a pamphlet called Masonry Dissected " A.D. 1730). 8 — ( ) History of Freemasonry and the Grand Lodge of Scotland. " 11 Bee Oliver's Golden Remains of the Early Masonic Writers Laurie, p 59. (1847), Vol. I. p 47. 9 ( ) Ibid, p 60. Original No. of Antiquity. (*) 1, now Lodge 10 ( ) Preston, Ed. 1804, p 242. (») Qnery—Was the compliance and non-compliance respectively u Hnghan, Mas. Mem. 14. of original Nos. 3 and 2 with this regulation, the cause in one ( ) p 12 instance of degradation and in the other of effaoement ? ( ) Some Account of the Schism (Oliver), p 18, foot note. ( — —— THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 35 Moderns, is the more ancient ; and that of the Ancients is them from the fundamental rules which our ancestors laid 1 5 the more recent" ( ) down for us."( ) On the 5th December 1753, Robert Turner, W.M. 15, The same official (Spencer) who was Grand Secretary was elected the first Grand Master of the " Seceders," by during 1757-67, had about two years previously thus ex- 9 pressed himself in reply to the representatives of some dozen Lodges. ( ) an applicant for Masonic relief: The distinctive epithets, " Ancients " and " Moderns," " Your being an Ancient Mason you are not entitled to were commonly employed by both parties alike, to denote any of our charity. The Ancient Masons have a Lodge at the seceding and the regular Masons respectively, as may the Five Bells in the Strand, and their Secretary's name be illustrated by two extracts from the minutes of the Moira is Dermott. Lodge, No. 92, constituted 1755 (Moderns). Our Society is neither Arch, Royal Arch, or Antient, so "4th December 1758, Brother Glover of St. John's that you have no right to partake of our Charity." ( : Lodge being an Ancient ' Mason, having taken his obli- Upon this Laurence Dermott remarks gation of this Lodge, paid the ujal fine of two shillings, " Snoh was the character given of them by their own Grand Secretary about fourteen years ago : How much and became a member." they have changed for better or worse, is no business of mine at this time."(') " 19th January 1761, Bro. Wright proposed Mr. Willm. Gee, to be made a Modern Mason in this Lodge, which was seconded and thirded properly." § 27.—The following remarks, expressed by the oldest Masonic body in England (1779) and styled by Bro. Hughan " a really dignified protest against the assertions of its rival," Vll. The chief feature of the new ritual (Seceders) are of interest, as marking disapproval by a sister Grand consisted in a division of the third degree into two sec- Lodge of the arbitrary and unconstitutional acts of the tions, the Second of which was restricted to a few Master Grand Lodge of England. (*) Masons, who were approved as candidates. Thus it comes to pass (says Hughan), that the arrangement as we have " York being the established Place of Masonio Government, the whole fraternity successively paid Allegiance to its Authority, and it now,- was practically set on foot by the Ancients: the whereas the Sacred Art flourished so much, that Masonry in the Moderns were compelled to accept the alteration in the Sonth came to require some Nominal Patron to Superintend its Government. A person under the Title of Grand Master for the Sonth " " Master Masons' degree, or the Masonic Union of 1813 was appointed, with the Approbation of the Grand Lodge at York, to whioh the whole fraternity at large were still would not have been cemented. bound, as they were before, to pay Tribute and acknowledge Subjection. And thus The special object of the Seceders was the promotion of Masonry flourished for many years in the South, as well as in the North, but afterwards became again at so low a Ebb in the South Royal Arch Masonry, and as many gentlemen preferred that in the year 1717, only four Lodges remained extant in those joining the Grand Lodge of " Four Degrees " to associating parts, but those Lodges ever gloried in Originating from the Ancient York Masons, which they constantly testified. And whereas these with the Society which worked but three, the rival body very Lodges cemented nnder a new Grand Master for the Soupi, and hence arose what is now called the Nominal Grand Lodge was successful in its career of innovation. A clue being in London, whose meetings have been by some considered as General thus afforded to the reasons which prompted its formation, Meetings, but without any Constitutional Authority to give such s Meetings a Sanction to that Title. as well as to the causes of its extraordinary success. ) " And whereas the Grand Lodge of All still The Grand Chapter of the " Moderns " was constituted England, existing at York, is the Supreme Legislature of Masonry in this kingdom. And about 1766, and (says Hughan), virtually, though not hath, with Lamentations, beheld that the Nominal Grand Lodge, in 4 London, have not only forgotten the Allegiance due to this Parent actually, was countenanced by the Grand Lodge :( ) this, State of Masonry in England, but have proceeded to insult its however, is scarcely reconcileable with the action of their Dignity, and depart from every ancient Landmark of the Order, assuming such arbitrary and unmasoniok Measures, as ought not to Grand Secretary, who, writing to the Prov. G. Lodge of be found among Maceons. Frankfort, in the same year, calls the Royal Arch, "a " Besides, which, many Masters and Lodges nnder their Sanction society which we do not acknowledge, and which we have been struck off their Books on trifling occasions, and particu- larly on Pecuniary ones, Motives which Masons ought to blush at, invention designed for the of intro- regard as an purpose and, in fine, they have adopted Measures altogether arbitrary and repugnant to the principles of the Masonic Institution, whereby the ducing innovations amongst the brotherhood ; and diverting (5) Findel, pp 183-4. (i ) Findel (quoting Kloea), p 176. 6 of an answer (in writing) given ( ) Copy to Brother W— (* ) G.L. Min. (Ancients) ; Mas. Mem. p 4. See § 20. C 11, a certified petitioner from Ireland—by Mr. Spencer, one (*) Mas. Mem. p 5. of the Grand Secretaries (Moderns). A hi man Bezon, Ed. 1778, p xv. (*) As a defensive organisation only ; to obviate the necessity of " " 7 the Regular Brethren joining the Antients " for Exaltation." ( ) Draft of a Manifesto : Grand Lodge of All England (York), May 1779. Unpublished Records of the Craft (Hughan), pp 37-40. — 36 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. true Spirit of Free Masonry in the Sooth of England hath been in any of the degrees of the Orders of chivalry, accord- subverted, if and not timely supported by the Masonic Legislature 6 might become totally destroyed. ing to the constitutions of the said Orders." ( ) " Hence, however, the Grand Lodge in London, from its Situation, being encouraged by some of the Principal Nobility of the Nation, IV. Art. VII. omitting the arose at Great Power, and began to despise the origin from whence it (Extract from, Grand eprang. In an unbrotherly manner, wishing the Gr. Lodge at Officers.) Thb United Grand Lodge of Ancient Fbee- York annihilated, which appears by one of their Almanacks, in. sinuating, that though there are Borne Brethren remaining, who act masons of England shall be composed of under the Old Constitution of York, yet that they are few in number, " The actual Masters and Wardens of all Warranted mod will be soon annihilated, (i) 7 Lodges, ( ) Past Masters of Lodges, who have regularly " Upon the whole, let every dispassionate Mason but weigh im- partially the several Facts here stated, and he must spurn at the served and passed the chair before the day of Union, and daring Innovation offered by the Nominal Grand Lodge in London, who have continued without secession regular contributing to so sacred an Institution. Members of a Warranted Lodge. It being understood that If he wishes to partake of Masonry in its Original Purity, he will turn his attention to that source, where it hath been Inviolably of all the Masters who, from and after the day of the said maintained and continued for this Successive Ages to Day, and, Union, shall regularly pass the chair of their respective where the Legislature of Masonry for this Kingdom stands fixed by its true Title ' The Grand Lodge of All England, Established at the Lodges, but one at a time, to be delegated by his Lodge, " City of York.' shall have a right to sit and vote in the said Grand Lodge, so that after the decease of all the regular Past Masters of any regular Lodge, who have attained that distinction at the 3 § 28.—I. On 27th December 1813,( ) the Union of the time of the Union, the representation of such Lodge shall two Societies took place, under the Grand Mastership of be by its actual Master, Wardens, and one Past Master H.R.H. the Duke of Sussex, there being at the period of only." this amalgamation 640 Lodges holding under the Past Masters are admitted to membership in many " " 3 Moderns," and 359 under the Ancients."( ) Grand Lodges, and by some the inherent right has been claimed to sit in these bodies. But the most eminent II. The articles of Union agreed to, by the rival Grand Masonic authorities have made a contrary decision, and 4 Lodges, were twenty-one ( ) in number, of which three the general opinion now is that Past Masters obtain their only beur distinctly upon the subject of the present seats in Grand Lodge by courtesy, and not by inherent work, viz., Nos. II., VII., and VIIL right.?) In the composition of the United Grand Lodge of Eng- III. Art. II. " It is declared and pronounced that pure land, the admission of Past Masters in 1813, in deference Ancient Masonry consists of three degrees, and no more, viz., to the prevailing practice among the " Ancients," was a those of the Entered Apprentice, the Fellow Graft and the distinct innovation ; it may be noted also that for many Master Mason, including the Supreme Order of the Holy years subsequent to the Union (until 1834), Past Masters Royal Arch.Q) But this Article is not intended to were ineligible for election to the Boards of General Pur- prevent any Lodge or Chapter from holding a meeting 9 poses, Finance,( ) Works, and Schools, and the Com- mittee of Benevolence. It in consequence was . of this disability, that late l the Bro. Peter Gilkes, in order to qualify ( ) See Freemasons' Calendar 1783 ; and Constit. 1784. This un- charitable prediction was verified by the G. Lodge at York dying out for election to the Board of Benevolence, of which for the about 1787 (or, according to Bro. Hnghan, in 1792). Hist, of the last sixteen years of his life he was a distinguished member, Ancient City of York (Hargrove), Vol. II. p 476. ( *) Preston, Ed. 1861 (Oliver), p 309 ; Mas. Mem. p 27. (* ) Mas. Mem. pp 114-18. See Hughan's Numerical and Numis- matics! Register of Lodges under the United Grand Lodge of England (1879). (°) The import of this last sentence can onlj be gnaged by ima- gining the impression it would create if reproduced in the Book of (*) Mas. Mem. pp 21-27 j Preston, Ed. 1861 (Oliver), p 309. Constitutions of current date. 5 ( ) This degree, according to the best authorities, was introduced 7 ( ) It was apparently not thought necessary to designate the old about 1736-44 ; Masonic Reprints (Hnghan), 53 History of the p ; Lodges by their proper (i.e., Time Immemorial) appellation. Eoyal Arch (Oliver), Laurie, Findel, i p 38 ; p 429 ; p 183 ; Lyon, pp 8 290-91. The earliest allusion to the Royal ( ) Mackey's Lexicon of Freemasonry. This grade seems to have Arch degree, extant, is I ' \ ery early times, contained in Dr. Dassigny's " Serious Enquiry," (1744), reprinted in obtained from in the old trade or craft guilds. A Masonic Memorials (Hughan). On its introduction into this regulation of the Guild of Tailors, Exeter (1516), orders, that all Past country, I shall on the Council it was practised with some other minor degrees, in the Temple En- 1 Masters be of the Gnild, and shall hare the same the (Smith's campments, not on account of any pre-existing connection, but ' authority as Wardens. English Gilds, p 328.) because these were the only places where it could be associated, I (») United with the Board of General Purposes abont 1839. as the earliest Craft Lodges never recognised the degree. Laurie, Four Past Masters added to the Boards of General Purposes and 425. See Mas. Mem. 5-7, and 26 (VII.) p pp §§ and 29 (IV.) I Finance, 1834.—F. Q. Review. — ; THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 87 during that period annually filled the chair of a Lodge, and called Carmelites, Therapeutee and Esseniens, or that they discharged its arduous duties. (*) constituted a part of, or were formed out of these Sects, and were what we now call 'Freemasons/ They were also called Chaldei and Mathematici. I think that the rite of V. Art. VIII. (Ante p 6, Note 6). circumcision was originally instituted for the characteristic !" 4 mark of the fraternity or society ! ( ) § 29.—I. The prevailing theories with regard to " It is an extraordinary fact " (says Oliver) " that there Masonic history, are of so conflicting a nature, that the stu- is scarcely a single ceremony in Freemasonry, but we find dent may be sorely tempted to take refuge, in the sceptical its corresponding rite in one or other of the idolatrous solution of this difficulty, propounded by a notable mystic 5 — mysteries." ( ) of the last century. (*) : " No man can give any account of The resemblance between the practices of Masonry and the Order of Freemasonry,' of its origin, of its history, of those of the ancient mysteries, is thus accounted for by its object, nor any explanation of its mysteries and symbols, Bro. Sandys:—"The admission of Elias Ashmole, the which does not leave the mind in total uncertainty on all these Antiquarian, in the year 1646, caused a revision of the points" different forms for the reception of candidates, and to the The descent of modern Freemasonry has been variously simple and terse rites then in existence, and which were ; traced (a) from the Roman Collegia ; (b) the Oriental — probably of a very high antiquity, were added others by building (or other) fraternities ; (c) the trade or Craft Guilds Ashmole and his companions, who in arranging them, were, operative of the middle ages ; (d) and from the German the they, of letters, s perhaps, swayed by knowledge as men Stonemasons in the beginning of the eleventh century. ( ) possessed of the ancient mysteries of Egypt and Greece and speculations, which, from time to Amongst the curious 6 other Pagan ceremonies ?"( ) time, have been indulged in by individual writers, not the As regards the foreign origin, which has been claimed for least singular, is the theory advanced by Bro. Godfrey Freemasonry, it may be observed, that in 1798, the common Higgins (author of the Celtic Druids), who states : belief in this assumption, was animadverted upon by a " I am of opinion that a certain class of persons, initiated much quoted Masonic writer, in language which, even at the into the higher mysteries of the Ancients, were what are present day, is not destitute of force : —" It is to be 1 ( ) Peter William Gilkes was initiated in the British Lodgo, No. 8. The Lodge of Unity, No. 69, first elected him their Master, 4 ( ) Anacalypsis, or an Inquiry into the Origin of all Languages, and during his Masonic life he filled successively the chairs of Nos. Nations, and Religions (1836), Vol. I. p 304. Brother Higgins 23 (Globe), 162 (Blackfriars Bridge Lodge, now Cadogan), 172 — adds, at a later part of this work : " Everybody knows the now (Concord), 180 (Goat, Fall Mall, now St. James Union), 256 ridiculous traditionary fancy that a Mason is, in some way, marked, (Unions), 214 (Hope and Unity, Romford), and 7 (Percy Arms, or branded, or mutilated, before he can be admitted into the Order. Strand, now Royal York Lodge), several times each, and died the I believe this, like most other traditions, had not its origin from W.M. of the St. Michael's Lodge, now No. 211. nothing. I believe the higher classes of Masons were originally per- He declined the honour of an office in the Grand Lodge because sons who were admitted into the mysteries of Eleusis and Egypt, and he considered that Jiis circumstances in life "were not equal to the that they were Chaldaaans and Matheraetici ; and I believe that appointment. what the above tradition of the branding alluded to, was circumcision, ( *) Dr. Adam Weishanpt, Fonnder of the Illuminati ; Proof of and that they were circumcised. Origen and Clemens Alexandrians the Existence of Ulnminism, Charlestown, 1802, p 81 ; Memoirs of both affirm, that the secret learning of the Egyptians was only Jacobinism, by the Abbe Barruel, Vol. II. p 352 ; Proofs of a Con. taught to such persons as had undergone the operation of circumci- piracy (Robison), p 110. sion, for which reason it was submitted to by Pythagoras. The 1 same word in Hebrew means both initiated and circumcised. ' ? (Ibid, (*) See (a) Preston Ed. 1804, p 141 ; Laurie, Chapter I. ; Masonic 724.) There is not (says Clinch) one Mason existing, who under- Mag. July 1873 (Woodford), and January 1879 (Art. Guilds) ; Findel, p stands the reason of Pythagoras, or comprehends his system yet pp 20-23. ; they own his peculiar symbols, which by no chance oould have been (b) Wren's Parentalia 306 Sandy's Short View of the (1750), p ; marked except from tradition. Of Hiram and Solomon, I shall not Higgins Hist, of Freemasonry (1829), p 31; Anacalypsis (1836), make a seriouB mention, but to show that not even the brethren I. ; Fort's Antiquities of Freemasonry, passim. Vol. pp 767-69 themselves knew their origin, since they cannot agree on their own I. ; opinion (e) Herbert's Companies of London, Vol. Smith's English Gilds ; pleasant mythology. To me, however, the which seems HaUiwell's Early History of Freemasonry, p 47 ; Constitutions 1723, decisive is, that the sect has penetrated into Europe by means of the Gypsies. April, p 82 ; Stew's Survey of London (Seymour), Ed. 1735, Bk. IV. p 381 Anthologia Hibernica (March and 1794), pp 185 and Hughan's Old Charges of British Freemasons ; Encyclopaedia of 279-80. Architecture (Papworth), 128 j Hist, of Architecture (Fergusson) p (5) Signs and Symbols (1826), Vol I. p 109. 1865, Vol. I. pp 477-78. («) A Short View of the History of Freemasonry (1829), by W. {d) Steinbrenner*s Origin and Early History of Freemasonry (1864), Sandys, P.M. Grand Master's Lodgs, page 52. As this writer, like 20 ; and Findel, 23 and 47-74. p pp the majority of Masonic historians, refrains from citing authorities ia Bro. K. R. II. Mackenzie justly observes of the various theories support of his positions, wo must remain in ignorance of tho source concerning the origin of Masonry, " There are of these so many, that whence he deduced the theory enunciated in the text. So far as I am each student may select his own favourite without prejudice to any aware, Bro. J. M. Ragon is the only author of repate who has given other."—Royal Masonic Cyclopaedia, p viii. expression to a similar belief. See p 40, Note 5. ! : — ( — 38 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. particularly remarked (says Professor Robison), that all 'riambard, Walsingham and Wykeham) as a little sacri- our brethren abroad profess to have received the Mystery legious ; but I am bound to saj that I have now changed of Freemasonry from Britain. This is surely a puzzle in my mind. In short, the common belief in a race of Clerical the history ; and we must leave it to others to reconcile Architects, and in ubiquitous bodies of Freemasons, seems to in of 5 this with the repeated assertions, Anderson's Book me to be altogether erroneous. "( ) Constitutions, "that the fraternity existed all over the To those, indeed, who regard the " Guild " as the arche- 1 world.'X ) His contention being, that the extraordinary type of the "Lodge," the conclusion will seem neither antiquity claimed for the Craft, was irreconcileable with forced or unnatural—that British Masonry is of indi- the admitted fact, of Masonry having so totally disappeared genous growth, aud not a transplantation from any foreign from the Countries in which it was originally practised, as country. Dr. Lujo Brentano, in the well-known essay, to have been received back in the form of an importation from which is referred to by all writers who touch ever so Britain remotely upon the subject of Guilds, states : " " " What these causes were (says Laurie) which con- " England most be regarded as the birthplace of Gilds, and London tinued the societies of Freemasons longer in Britain than in perhaps as their cradle. Neither Wilda, the principal writer on Gilds, nor Hartwig, who has made the latest researches into their origin, is able other countries, it may not, perhaps, be easy to determine, to discover anything of the essential nature of Gilds, either in what a has just been related about the old family and its banquets, or in the but the fact itself is unquestionably true."( ) sacrificial assemblies : and it is only as to the one point of the cus- The opinion of Sir Christopher Wren—" that a Frater- tom of holding banquets on the occasion of Anniversary Festivals, that Wilda is iuclined to derive the Gilds from them. But of the essence nity of Architects, styling themselves ( Freemasons,' having of the Gild, " the brotherly banding together in close union, which procured many valuable indulgences and exemptions from expressed itself in manifold ways in the rendering of help and sup- port," he finds no trace. The banquets were either casual meetings, successive Popes, ranged from one nation to another as they to which every one, as he thought proper, invited his friends, or 3 which several people prepared in common, and which did not prodace found churches to be built "( ) —has served to sustain, if in- any more intimate relationship than that already existing from the deed it has not established, the theory, that Masonry was actual bond of a family, or state, or neighbourhood, or they were meetings in which every one of the nation was able, or obliged to introduced into England by peripatetic foreign artificers. (*) | take part. There appears in them nothing of any closer voluntary j To the professional, rather than to the Masonic emi- confederacy of the members within or by the side of the union caused by the State or religion. Hartwig considers the objections of be attributed | nence, of Sir Christopher Wren, must the very Wilda conclusive, and believes that from the continued existence of pagan ceremonies, even amongst the religious Gilds, and from the general reception of his conclusions ; a comparison, there- custom of holding feasts, nothing whatever can be deduced which is fore, be profitably instituted, between the foregoing view c may essential to the Gilds." ) of our early Masonic history, expressed by the celebrated In an instructive paper, " The Ordinances of some designer of St. Paul's Cathedral, and some remarks bearing Secular Guilds of London, 1354 to 1496," Mr. H. L. on the .same subject, by a distinguished living architect. Coote, thus comments on the views expressed by Dr. Bren- Writing in 1865, Mr. George Edmund Street observes tano : " I was strongly disposed once to regard the attempt to " In the various hypotheses which I have refered to, the pro- pounders all agree in one point, viz., in ignoring the past history of of our groat clerical architects (Gundulph, deprive us Britain. They seem to have forgotten that England was a Latin country for four centuries, and during that period, as she received Latin colonists, so she received also Roman Laws and Institutions. Amongst the latter the collegia privata were planted here. The collegium fabrorum which dwelt in the Civitatis Regnorum, is known to ( ») Proofs of a Conspiracy. Ed. 1798, p 26. all antiquaries. 2 28. "Mr. Laurie has ( ) History of Freemasonry, p made it Tho Colleges remained in this country throughout the imperial appear very probable that the Churches erected in Scotland in the rulo, and with the provincial inhabitants survived the Anglo- twelfth century were built by foreign masons. Indeed the want of Saxon occupation of Britain. They were subsequently, through that kill in the natives is a sufficient evidence of the fact. Bat this is no marvellous imitativeness which distinguished the German in the proof that they belonged to the Freemason Society. And the early stages of his national life, adopted by him also. That this is the dissolution of the trading associations on Continent, of which he the true origin of the English Guild, it will not be very diffioult to speaks, as soon as the rage for Church building had ceased, while 7 demonstrate^ ) Freemasonry held its ground in England, is conclusive that there was no connection between them. There is every reason to believe G ( ) Some Account of Gothic Architecture in Spain, p 464; see that Freemasonry was first established in England, and that there also Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture (1876), Wyat Papworth, it remained till the famous meeting of the brotherhood, at the Apple pldO. Tree Tavern, in 1717, when it took to wing, and visited all parts of 6 and Development of Gilds the civilised world." " The Mysteries of Freemasonry " (Fellows), ( ) History (1870), pp 68, 98. Mr. J. Toulmin Smith (see 25, Note seems to have 1877, pp 246.48. See Findel, pp 65, 71, and 75. p 2) shared in the belief, " that English Gilds were of English origin." Introduction 3 English Gilds (Lucy ( ) Parentalia, or Memoirs of tho Family of the Wrens (1750) to Smith's Toulmin Smith), pp zv. xvL pp 806-7. 7 of the London ( ) Transactions and Middlesex Archsaological (*) Pownall on Gothic Architecture (1788) ArohsBologia, VoL DC, Society, Vol. IV. (Jan. 1871), p 21. The arguments for and against p 118. Preston Ed. 1804 p 183. Sandy's Short View (1829), pp 31, the derivation of the English Guilds from the Roman " Collegia," 35. Hope on Architecture (1835), pp 243-4 ; and Halliwell, Early may be considered by comparing Mr. Coote's paper with Bro. Finders Hist, of Freemasonry in England (1844), p 44. remarks at pp 20-24 of bis History of Freemasonry. — ; THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 39 pale of the it fails to convince, and shall pass on to a consideration of If, h owever, we turn from within to without9 the Craft, and seek for positive information concerning the origin the essential simplicity of the original Masonic Rite. of the Society, we are assured by one high authority distinct " that true Freemasonry, ofwhich Freemasons, as a rule, know II. From the earliest period, at which any nothing, existed before the Templars." And by another (*): evidence is forthcoming of the usages and customs, which " that Masonic writers who reject the hypothesis of descent have finally crystallized into what we now know by the from the Templars throw no light upon the matter; in expression Freemasonry, a Simple Rite of one degree, or a single form of initiation, was the only ceremony (as easting from (hem thai theory they seem to have left them- we now understand that phrase) observed by the fraternity. selves entirely in the dark" ! All footing, and the The fanciful conjectures of etymologists, serve but to the brethren were on an equal " " only was elected by envelope the subject in still greater obscurity, and though Master meant that member who charged with the Bro. Godfrey Higgins asserts—"that etymology is not vote to preside in the Lodge, or who was care of work, or with control over the workmen. The run down because it is not calculated to discover the truth, s three titles, or in modern parlance, " degrees " of Appren- but because it is calculated to discover too muoh?"( ) tice, Fellow-craft (or Master-Mason being the less partial view of the value of etymological research, Craftsman) and applied in reference art.(6 expressed by Bro. John Northouck, will, I apprehend, only to their ) Apprentice, as the signifies, being a learner find more general acceptation — (of Etymologists) he The term the Craftsman, an expert workman, who had acquired his says : —" There is little dependence to be had on their com- trade; and the Master, an overlooker, or, possibly, an binations of names ; for by the latitude assumed of alter- employer of labour.^) ing, adding, or subtracting letters, and upon occasion There were no secrets communicated by Lodges to calling in two or three languages to expound the syllables, either fellows of Craft, or Masters, that were not known to as best suits the hypothesis they set out in the establish- 4 Apprentices, since of latter to signify anything. "!( members the grade were ment of ; any name may be made ) necessary to the legal constitution of communications for Of conjectural etymology, I subjoin one specimen, which 8 5 the admission of Masters and Fellows. ( ) embodying a peculiarly British theory, ( ) may interest, if The Mason Word is the only secret that is ever alluded to in the minutes of St. Mary's Chapel, or in those of (') Secret Societies of all Ages and Countries (Heckethorn), Kilwinning, Atoheson's Haven, or Dunblane, or in any 1875, VoL I. p 196. other, examined by Bro. D. M. Lyon, of a date prior to (') Secret Societies of the European Revolution (Frost), 1876, the erection of the Grand Lodge of Scotland 9 Vol. I. p 22. (1736).( ) But that this talisman consisted of something more than (*) Anacalypsis Vol. I. p 23. The carious reader may be interested to learn, that in the compilation of this work, Bro. Higgins was a word, is evident from the " Secrets " of the " Mason occupied nearly ten hours daily for almost twenty years. Preface pv. Word" being referred to in the minute-book of the Lodge 4 ( ) New History of London (1773), p 2. 5 ( ) The adherents to Druidism had various names. Ghuydelians, Paulicians, Manicheaixs, Leogrians, Oughers, May's-ons, besides last century " that the most perfect remains of the Druid's rites and 9 others. In the sense of the bough, or office of justice, the word May ceremonies were preserved in the customs and ceremonies of Masons* is primitive to the month of May, to Maia, the Goddess of Justice, to Hntchenson's Spirit of Masonry (1775), p 171; Smith's Use and Majestas, and to the proper name among the Romans of Mains, Abuse of Freemasonry (1783), p 72 ; Preston Ed. (1796), p 165 ; and Magna, or Majins. Considering, too, that the May (May-pole) was Constit. 1767, p 72. See also Borlase Ant. Corn, pp 53-146 ; Fort eminently the great sign of Druidism, as the Cross was of Chris, p 296; Anacalypsis (Higgins), Vol. I. pp 715-16; Polwhele Hist. tianity, is there anything forced or far fetched in the conjecture Views of Devon, Vol. I. ; and p 28, Note 1. that the adherents to Druidism should take the name of Men the of 6 Findel, 81 ; Masonic Reprints (Hughan), 10. Origin of May, or May's-ons ? ( ) p p Masonry (Steinbrenner), p 138 ; Fort, p 206. The word Hiram (which is made the foundation of the now-adopted name of Masonry, and of the strange story of the architecture of the ( ) Brentano, p 145 ; Riley, p 280 ; Pale/s Gothic Architecture Temple of Jerusalem) signifies precisely the high-pole or holy. bough. p 209. This single word, however, of Hiram, not improbably furnished the 8 Lyon, 20-23 Findel, ; Freemasons' Treasury, hint afterwards inlarged into all that fabulous foundation of Masonry, ( ) pp ; p 108 after that the real cause of the name of Maifs-on bad been abolished, (Oliver), p 219. and lost in the shades of antiquity. From the premises there also 9 Lyon, pp 20-23. That Masonic Initiation was formerly a appears clearly the reason why the Society of the May's-ons, or ( ) ceremony of great simplicity may bo inferred from the cnrtness of adherents to the Religion of the Grove, should be more peculiarly the Warden-General's " item " on the snbjeot (1598), and also from national to Britain than to any other part of the world. This country the fact that a century after the promulgation of the Sohaw Statutes, was, in all probability, the parent of Druidism. Essay on the Real the Mason Word was wont occasionally to be imparted by individual Secret of the Freemasons (Cleland), 1766, p 120. brethren, in a ceremony extemporised acoording to the ability of the It was a prevalent contention among the Maaotrip writers of the initiator. Ibid. See p 20, Note 9. — — 40 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. of Danblane, and from the farther information drawn from exact date has not been recorded. It is very probable that that of Haughfoot, viz., that in 1707 the word was accom- the degree of Master Mason first originated as a reward panied by a grip. 0) "The system of Masonic Degrees for Masonic merit, especially for brethren who had passed now existing in Scotland (says Lyon), was an importation the chair daring 1717-20; and that the second degree from England. For seven years after the adoption by the has been intercalated afterwards, to complete the three steps 4 Lodge of Edinburgh (St. Mary's Chapel, No. 1) of the of the operatives.( ) The third degree conld hardly hare speculative system of Masonic Degrees, very few aspired to been present to the mind of Dr. Anderson when, in 1723, " more than the first step. The minutes of 22nd November he superintended the printing of his Book of Constitu- 1759 record the fact that on the brethren "resolving tions, for it is therein stated, that ( the Key of a Fellow- themselves into a Fellow-Craft Lodge, and then into a Craft,' is that by which the secrets communicated in the Masters' Lodge," the entered Apprentices were "pat Ancient Lodges conld be unravelled."^) out "—an act indicative of the formal obliteration of an It was no common thing for many years after the revival ancient landmark, and the rupture of one of the few to meet with members who had received a degree beyond remaining links uniting Operative with Symbolical the Fellow-craft,^) which was all that was required of the s Treasurer, Secretary, or of Lodge, Masonry."( ) Doorkeeper Grand by the Constitutions of 1723 ; all new regulations, moreover, III. Brother W. J. Hughan says:—"I have care- remaining subject to the approval of the youngest appren- 7 fully perused all the known Masonic MSS. from tice. ( ) 8 the fourteenth century down to A.D. 1717, (of Fellow-crafts and apprentices ( ) only, are named in O. R. which I have either seen the originals, or have certified XXXVII. and by the provisions of O. R. XVIII., in the copies), and have not been able to find any reference to sickness or absence of the Deputy O.M., the Grand Master three degrees. There exists printed evidence as early as was empowered " to chose a discreet Fellow-craft to act as 1 A.D. 1686 that several signs ' were communicated to the Deputy pro tempore" initiates, and manuscripts of about the same period also refer to more than the mere ' Mason Word ' as respects (*) Findel, pp 160-1. ' England ; but none of these mention degrees,' and the 5 ( ) Constit. 1723, p 29 ; Lyon, p 210. Eliaa Ashmole records in " laws then in force prove these secrets were known to all his Diary (March 10th, 1682), that being present at a meeting of Mason*, he was the senior Fellow amongst them, it having been the members. An examination of the York Records 35 years since he was admitted." If a superior grade had been in existence, this eminent antiquary would hardly hare remained 35 proves that the Three Degrees were not worked by the years a Mason without seeking to participate in its peenblar secrets. Lodge of York until the third decade of the last century. It is noteworthy, that the meeting chronicled by Ashmole, took place at the Masons* Hall, and that Mr. Thomas Wis*, the Master of the It clear to me, that modern Freemasonry seems of Three Masons* Company, was present. Anderson and Preston both allnde Degrees, not only is of English origin and a continuation to the connection at one time subsisting between the and the above named Company. Constit. 1723, p 82, a of ancient Operative Masonry, but that its introduction into Ed. 1804, p 183. Other authorities record that in the 50th year of Edward III. of 148 members chosen asreral the new arrangement took place in London, certainly not (1375), by the "Mysteries" to be the Common Council of the J>iry of London, before A.D. 1717."0 4 were furnished by the " Masons," and 2 by the latter Company being subsequently (along with the The introduction of the degrees of Fellow Craft and absorbed by the former. Herbert, Companies of ; It Master Mason was effected so imperceptibly that the p 33 ; Strype, p 215 and Seymour, pp 381, 392. m singular, that the Masonic MS. of A.D. 1714 (in the Mr. Wyatt Papworth) bears the inscription : " In the Lard is all our trust," which is identical with the motto of the fiiissias; Masons' u Company ? Query, were the " Masons," " Carpenters," and Black- (' ) Lyon, pp 20-23. smiths," who figure as Grand Wardens, in the early proorcdmgs of (a) " Hist, of the Lodge of Edinburgh," pp 76 and 153. The adop- Grand Lodge, actual operatives, or members of the lemiu— City tion in January 1735, by the Lodge of Kilwinning, of the distinguish- Com paries, bearing the distinguishing titles of what kmi asm ing title of Free-masons, and its reception of English Symbolical respective Crafts ? Masonry, were of simultaneous occurrence. Ibid, 80. p 6 first ( ) N.B.—When yon are made a Mason, yoni The third degree is referred to for the first time in the minutes of Apprentice ; and till you are made a Master, or as sh>y «IT av awss/d the Lodge of Edinburgh en 1st Not. 1738, and Bro. Lyon notices the the Masters' Part, you are only an entered Apfwentaesv Ssjts. presence of " several 1 visiting brethren" as proving that the novelty was There is not one Mason in a hundred that will be at sjas> eaqpenc* to then popular with Craftsmen of the Scottish metropolis. Ibid, p pass the Masters' Part, except it be for inUiusL—Tno Mjwswej of 212. See p 8, Note 2. Freemasons, 1750 (an engraved sheet in Brit. ] s " (r) See §§ 17, 23, and 24. ( ) Hughan, cited by Lyon, p 211. Our present third degree is not architectural, but traditionary, historical and legendary ; its (») Then the Grand Mastke shall afl traditions being unfortunately hyperbolical, its history apocryphal, Craft or Apprentice to speak, directing his < and its legends fabulous." Freemasons' Treasury (Rev. G. Oliver, or to make any motion for the good of ths> DJ).), 1863, p 222. See p 22, Note 3. 1723, p 70. — : ' THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 41 4 which : In the minutes of the Moira Lodge, No. 92, Bro. Findel forcibly observes ( ) commence 17th July 1755—the first mention of anything " The three degrees of Masonry are perfectly independent of any 19 beyond " making masons, is as follows, viz. other, and include within themselves the whole of Masonry. Every- thing superadded or appended thereto is contraband and illegal." u Perticular Night, 27 Aprill 1756 For the Makeing Jn°. Simpson, Mariner Y. A non-Masonic writer, from whose pages I have 5 already quoted, may here be profitably cited. ( ) £ s d " He paid into the Lodg - - - one pound one As to spnrions Masonry, its almost countless degrees form an in. coherent medley of opposite principles, fonnded chiefly on Christian Shill 110 traditions and institutions, orders of knighthood, contested theological And Rais*. Master the next lodg night and paid." 5 opinions, historical events ; in fact, every important event or institu- tion has afforded models for Masonic mimicry. £16 " Masonry ought not to be an ambulance, but a vanguard. Itjis embarrassed by its excessive baggage, its superfluous symbols." (•) whilst the earliest reference (by name) to the two first degrees, appears under date of " Oct. ye 20th 1760," viz., Bro. William Preston has some quaint remarks on this "The Busness being over the Lodge was close in due subject. Q 4 " form The Enter . Apprintice and fellow Craft's parts." It is well known to the Masons of this country, that some men of warm and enthusiastic imaginations have been disposed to amplify parts of the institution of Freemasonry, and in their supposed im- provements to have elevated their discoveries into new degrees, to IV. "The degrees recognised in 1723, being but which they have added ceremonies, rituals, and dresses, ill-suited to three, the Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason, un- the native simplicity of the Order, as it was originally practised in this country. doubtedly all others not included in such a simple Bite are Bat ail these degrees, though probably deserving reprehension, as " Innovations " in the Body of Masonry."^) improper innovations on the original system of Masonry, I can never believe that they have either proceeded from bad motives, or could " that of a be viewed in any other light than as innocent and inoffensive amuse* It may be argued so long as the consent " menU ! ! Grand Lodge was obtained, any number of degrees would be legitimate, but as it was expressly declared by the first Without wishing to detract, from the amiability of motive, Grand Lodge that 'All the alterations were only for which may have animated the fabricators of new degrees, amending or explaining the old Regulations for the good the thoughtful upholder of our Ancient Landmarks, may of Masonry, without breaking in upon the Antient Rules well hold his judgment in suspense, whilst he pauses to of the Fraternity, or infringing the Old Landmabks ;' it is inquire—whether even a tacit recognition of degrees, which evident that anything so revolutionary as extra degrees did not form part of the system of Masonry, formally must be foreign to pure and Antient Freemasonry, and con- approved by the fraternity in 1721, and officially promul- to the ceremonies sanctioned the of trary by Grand Lodge gated in the Constitutions of 1723—is compatible with the England at the Revival."(9 ) solemn pledge exacted of every Master at installation ; viz. —"That he will discountenance all dissenters from the On the 26th May 1800, it was resolved by the Grand ?" 8 original plan of Freemasonry ( ) Lodge of Scotland; that they sanction the Three Great Orders of Masonry, and these alone, of Apprentice, Fellow- An authoritative definition of "the original plan of Csajt, and Master Mason, being the Ancient*Order of Freemasonry," would seem therefore to be urgently needed, St. John, and they expressly prohibit and discharge all since, without espousing the side either of brethren who Lodges having Charters from the Grand Lodge, from affirm, or who deny, that the element of finality was present other meetings than holding any those of the Three Orders in the arrangement of 1721—it may be postulated—that if 8 above described. ( ) 1 History of ( ) Constitutions of the Freemasons (Hoghan), p rii. " Yon admit (') Freemasonry, p 186, Note 2. that it is not in the power of any Man or Body of Men to make (') Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries (Heokel innovation in the Body of Masonry." Antient Charges, Constit. Vol. I. p 266. 1878, p 7. of («) Ibid, p 848. (*) Constitutions the Freemasons (Hoghan), p rii ; see § 24. 7 ) Illustrations of Masonry, Ed. 1804, 339-40. f ») Laurie, p 162. See § 28 (III.) The Grand Lodge of Scotland ( pp still withholds its recognition of other than Craft Masonry. Lyon, 96. 8 p ( ) Antient Charges. Constit. 1873, p viL 6 — " — — 42 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. a solemn engagement to discountenance any extension of of "levelling tip," viz., the extension of this privilege to the original scope of Freemasonry! is held by the governing all Lodges in 1725,(*) Lodges, old or new, are now on the Masomc body, to be an indispensable pre-requisite to same footing, filling the chair of Master; the brethren who dutifully § 3L—Original No. 1 (Lodge of Antiquity) would seem, submit to this regulation of the supreme authority, have an in every way, to have avoided any surrender of its rights, undoubted right to he preserved from inadvertent error in and; indeed, to have powerfully asserted its independency. e the fulfilment of their trust— to support the anient The encomium this 5 paused upon Lodge in 1811 ( ) is done in all ages "—by being charges, as Masters have equally merited at the present day : made acquainted with the precise limits within which the " The Lodge of Antiqnity has long maintained a high degree of T1 n original plan of Freemasonry is contained. preeminence; not so maoh for it* rank as the first Lodge under the English Constitution, as for its zealons care in sacredly preserving of the Craft, as affected by a multiplication The position and constantly keeping in view the Antienfc Landmarks of the of degrees, is humorously illustrated by an antagonistic writer, in his general arraignment of Freemasonry (*) s Speaking of St. John the Baptist's day 1717, and of the meeting at the Goose and Gridiron alehouse, which i to teaeh the seven liberal arts, and also the black is, that Abe has art ; proffers to give one a wonderful secret, which eventuated in the election of the Premier Grand Master none ; who sprung from the c loads, formed by the smoke of her own 3 of Masons, Bro. Findel says records, which were barat for the honour of tbe mystery ; ( ) who §tood the shook of ages, and the revolutions of time, on the reputation of " This day is celebrated by all German Lodges as King Solomon ; who is always and unchangeably the same glorious the day of the anniversary of the Fratorn itjj whether of three degrees, of aetw degrees, of thirty -three Society of Freemasons. It is the high. noon of the year, ih« day degrees, or forty -three decrees, or jifty -three degrees or of ninety uf %ht nnd of roses, and it onght to be celebrated T1 degrees, Snob a flood of innovation has gone over the ancient (*) 1 Landmarks, that Freemasonry s one s again run the lines, and establish the a very free § 32.—Original No. 2 appears for the last time in tha use of the faculty of AbracJ'C) list of Lodges in 1736, and its place aa No, 2 was filled np | VL Reverting to the enquiry with which this Section at the change of numbers in 1740, by the promotion of commenced—via,, the most probable origin to bo assigned original No. 4. The latest attendance of its Master and to modern Freemasonry—the preceding paragraphs Wardens at the Communications of Grand Lodge occurred (II. — IV,) will have shown, that the usages and customs of on 29th May 1733, on which occasion it is recorded: u Masons have been vastly extended, since they ceased to be That they paid in their charity £1 Is 0d." An attempt (in the South of England) the peculiar and especial was made to resuscitate this Lodge (p 6) on 16th March heritage of the « Four Old Lodges." 1752, bat less fortunate than their brethren of the " Horn,' 1 under analogous circumstances, the petitioners were com- may therefore be termed the stock, and modern pletely unsuccessful, in their laudable endeavour to retain Freemasonry the scion ; the pristine simplicity of our on the roll, the oldest but one of our English Lodges, Ancient English Rite, being now only reflected in the mirror of tradition. § 33.—L Original No. 3 (Fortitndo and Old Cumber- land)* The snpercession of original No. 3 by eight junior § 30t —The power of passing and rawing Masons, con- Ledges in 1729, together with its partial restoration of tinuously possessed by the old Lodges, may be dismissed rank in 1756, has introduced so much confusion into the in a few words. Since, by what may be termed a process history of this Lodge, that for upwards of a century, its identity with the " Old Lodge " meeting at the Apple Tree ('} Cited in Hist. Vol. n. p tl Tavern in 1717, appears to have been wholly lost 9 " This year (1720) at some private Lodges, several very valu- ( ) sight of! able Manuscripts (for they had nothing yet in print), concerning the Fraternity, their Lodges, Regulations, Charges, Secrets, and Usages, The status of this Lodge will now be discussed, but it (particularly one writ by Mr. Nicholas Stone, the Warden of Inigo should be premised that, hitherto, all authorities alike, have Jones) were too hastily bnrnt by some scrupulous Brothers ; that those Papers might not fall into strange hands." Constit. 1738, p 111. Dalloway says (Discourses on Architecture, p 428) : —"Perhaps they thought the new mode, though dependent on taste, was independent (*) Seep 19, Note 1. on science, and, like the Calife Omar, that what was agreeable to the ! B new faith was useless, and that what was not, ought to be destroyed ( ) European Mag. Vol. LIX. p 828. See p 24, Notes 1 and 2. (•) Hist, of Freemasonry, p 137. Not only would this great event 8 in the history of ( ) The term "faculty" (or science) of ABEAC is used for the Lodge of Antiquity, seem worthy of annual the Science of Magic. Bro. Fort devotes an entire chapter (XXXVI.) commemoration ; but also the earlier Grand Lodge meeting, at the to the consideration of this subject. Apple Tux Tavern P See § 83 (VII.) — — —; THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 43 regarded this point as narrowed to the consideration of a 11th July 1729, was the next date on which all four short statement of eight lines only, viz., the note to Lodge Lodges were present in Grand Lodge at the first call, and and 10 in § 6, upon which, therefore, it must especially be on this occasion the Goose and Gridiron, Rose recollected, Preston entirely bases his estimate of this Rummer, and the Horn, were numbered respectively 1, 2, Lodge's position, (p 19.) and 3 ; the Queen's Head figuring as No. 10. It should likewise be borne in mind, that the sweeping It should be noted, however, that a protest by original " conclusions arrived at by Preston in 1778 and 1781 No. 3, against its misplacement in the printed book, (pp 19 and 21), and which were expressed by him whilst whereby they lost their rank," was recorded on the same a seceder from, and an expelled member of, the Grand day. (§13, IX.) Lodge of England, are quite irreconcileable with the views HI. The action of Grand Lodge in this matter, must be lie placed, on record in 1796. (§ 18, VI.) characterised as a glaring instanceof expost facto legislation, but, passing this by, as immaterial to the present inquiry, II. Additional materials having recently been found the loss of rank and precedency inflicted upon original available, in the records of Grand Lodge, for the forma- No. 3, amounted to a distinct breach of faith, and was, in tion of a more accurate judgment in regard to the present effect, nothing less than a removal of the Ancient Land* status of this Lodge, the enquiry will now be proceeded marhs9 set up as checks to innovation or absolute dominion with. (§13.) on the security of which alone, had the four old Lodges From the minutes of Grand Lodge, it appears that the agreed to merge their inherent Masonic rights in the com- " acceptance of a warrant " by original No. 3, on 27th mon stock. February 1723, was followed by no penal consequences In support of the foregoing statement, it may be men- until 1729. tioned, that concurrently with the delegation by the " four On or about 25th November 1723, when the names of old Lodges " of a qualified power of warranting new the then subsisting Lodges were transcribed in what is Lodges to the Grand Master, it was expressly provided : now the earliest minute-book of Grand Lodge, the Queen's " Head, Knave's-acre, forms the second entry, which position That every privilege which thej (the Four Old Lodges) collec- tively enjoyed, by virtne of their immemorial rights, they should still it again occupied on the later list of 1725. (') continue to enjoy, and that no law, rule, or regulation to be hereafter made, should of privileges, or encroach any On 19th December 1727, at a Quarterly Communication, deprive them saoh on landmark, whioh was at that time established as the Standard of held at the Devil Tavern, Temple Bar, the names of 18 Masonic Government." (§§ 17, 19 and 23.) Lodges are entered on the minutes, as having been repre- IV. The foregoing declaratory law, as will be known, sented, and, for the first time, numbers are prefixed to preceded the solemn compact of 1721, which will next their descriptions, viz. : come under consideration ; but it may be shortly stated, 1. Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's, that all authority conferred on the Grand Lodge by the g. Rose and Bummer, Castle-yard. latter, remained subject to the provisions of the former. 3. Queen's Head, Knave's-acre. " Article 39 of the Old Regulations, "(§ 24) defines very 4. Horn, Westminster. clearly the powers of Grand Lodge, with regard to altera- tions in the laws, which were only exercisable in a certain It is, therefore, quite clear that, up to this date, the prescribed manner, and practically to every member relative positions of the old Lodges, as published on the gave of the fraternity, the privilege of voting upon such important authority of Grand Lodge in 1723 (p 2), were entirely occasions. unaffected by the " coming under a new constitution " of There can scarcely be a doubt, that at the formation of original No. 3. It should be also stated that the above the Grand Lodge of Ed gland, the Masons of the metro- description of the " four Lodges," is thus prefaced in the minutes: polis, designed the creation of a Masonic Constitution, which should exclude thereafter, even the idea of original " The Master and Wardens of the several Lodges fol- inherent power, in any section, sub-division or fraction of lowing, attended and answered to their names." Which the brotherhood. Lodges (including the Masonic Govern- implies that the list was called over in the order of ment, the Grand Lodge itself), whilst regarded as useful, seniority at tiiat time prevailing. and, indeed, necessary organisms, were merely considered as representatives of supreme power ; the actual power ( i) § 4, and see Appendix (List 10). being resident only in the aggregate brethren, so that — THE FOUR OLD LODGES. whatever power was vested in the " Grand Lodge " or (b) Assuming a renunciation of its rights to have been governing body, coming by permission or appointment of possible, still, if authority and precedent be regarded, the the fraternity at large, was expected to conform itself to " acceptance of a warrant " by original No. 3, could not the conditions of that permission. (§ 24, III.) have involved an implied or constructive surrender of its New Regulation 39, having been passed without the inherent privileges. observance of the prescribed (and essential) formalities, Under the Grand Lodge of Scotland, it has been 4 mnst, therefore, in strictness, be regarded merely as an inferentially stated ( ) that one of, if not both, the two arbitrary regulation of the Grand Lodge, but the opinion senior Lodges, Mother Kilwinning and the Lodge of Edin- may, nevertheless, be somewhat confidently expressed, that burgh, accepted warrants from the Grand Lodge, and it is assuming either the old or the new regulation to have been matter of history, not only that, believing their ancient in full legal force in 1729, the loss of rank and seniority privileges to be assailed, they subsequently retired from then inflicted upon original No. 3, constituted the assump- the Masonic Union, but also, that so far from their tion of an unlawful prerogative by the Grand Lodge over acceptance of warrants being construed into a renunciation original No. 3, and that the Grand Lodge, by such arbi- of pre-existing privileges, these were increased rather than trary conduct, evidently violated the conditions expressed diminished on their return " within the fold." The Master in the 39th Article of the General Regulations, in the of Mother Kilwinning, in particular (after the secession observance of which article the permanency of their of this Lodge, from 1743 to 1807), being constituted ipso authority solely depended.^) facto Provincial Grand Master for the Ayrshire district. It may be added, that :—" no regulations could operate Reasoning also from the doctrine of merger [which will be with respect to the * four old Lodges,' if, contrary to, or sub- further alluded to in paragraph VL], it would follow, that a versive of, the original constitutions, by which only they constitution by grant or warrant of Grand Lodge, must were governed ; and, while their proceedings were con- necessarily coalesce with, and be merged in, the immemorial formable to those constitutions, no power known iu rights of original No. 3, it being remembered that the Masonry could legally deprive them of any right or delegated authority vested in the Grand Lodge, emanated privilege which they had ever enjoyed"(?) (§§ 17 (VI.), from and originated in, the inherent powers possessed by 19, 23 and 24.) the four old Lodges, who, whilst the Lodges constituted Y. The contention that original No. 3 voluntarily surren- subsequently to the Revival necessarily derived their sanction dered its privileges, being no longer tenable, there remains from the Grand Lodge, themselves continued to act by for consideration, (a) whether, under any circumstances, a their own inherent authority. surrender of these would have been possible ? And if VI. It has, indeed, been urged by a very high autho- possible, (b) whether the acceptance of a warrant neces- rity (Bro. Hughan), that original No. 3 lost its sarily involved an implied or constructive renunciation privileges through amalgamation with a junior Lodge; but of its inherent rights ? with great respect to Bro. Hughan (whose adverse opinion, (a) It would seem to be incompatible with the compact I am assured, must militate greatly against the general of 1721, for the brethren of this Lodge, whilst preserving reception of my conclusions) an unbroken continuity of existence, to surrender rights inherent in themselves, and confirmed to them in trust for (a) I fail to see any evidence whatever of an amalga- the the 3 and by Masons of Metropolis. ( ) These rights mation. appear to have been inalienable ; they were inherent in the (b) If such an amalgamation did occur, I am unable members of original No. 3, and must have become the in- to understand, how this step could possibly involve a loss heritance of succeeding generations, as well as having been of precedency in the case of the older Lodge, any more the possession of the earliest one. The members are con- than happened on its further absorption of the Old Cum- tinuous ; there has been no gap between one generation berland Lodge in the present century. In all amalgama- and another, and what was inherent in them must clearly tions of this t.e. kind, f unions of two existing Lodges, the be continuous also. doctrine of merger has prevailed, and the lesser precedency has invariably been merged in the higher, 0) See § 23 (VL.VHI.) as would (*) Preeton Ed. 1796, p 246. (») 18 (VI.), and S§17, 24 («) Laurie, pp 100.1. See §§ 1 (II.) and 86. ! — ( THE POUR OLD LODGES. 45 the naturally oocnr under the old legal maxim, " Omne majus most probable that on its restoration to the Union, its coniinei in se minus as illustrated by the role, that same members belonged to it who had been such on " whenever a greater estate and a less, coincide and meet erasure although were this not the case, it would have " in dis- in one and the same person or body, the less is immediately been fully within its rights" during the interim, annihilated; or, in the law phrase, is said to be merged, charging the duties of Masonry, by the initiation or admis- sion of conformably its immemorial consti- that is, sunk or drowned in the greater. (*) members, with 5 tution^ ) (c) The earliest amalgamation of Lodges, of which we The entry in the minutes of Grand Lodge referring to its possess any authentic record, occurred shortly before the reinstatement is as follows : 24th January 1742, on which day the Master of No. 95 " (meeting at the Turk's Head, Greek-street, Soho), consti- 4 Sept 1751 — Bro. Lediard informed the brethren that the 1- Right Worshipful Bro - Payne L.Q.M. and several other members of tuted 12th December 1732, surrendered the Warrant of the Lodge lately held at the Horn, Palace-yard, Westminster, had been very snooessfnl in their endeavours to revive the said Lodge, Constitution in Grand Lodge, by reason of its having and that they were ready to pay two guineas to the use of the Grand joined with No. 38 (meeting at the King's Arms, Strand), Charity, and therefore moved that out of respect to Bro. Payne and the several other L.G.M. who were members thereof, the said Lodge dated from 25th May 1725.(§ On a Lodge which ) might be restored, and have its former rank and place in the List of 26th February 1744-5, a similar surrender of its Warrant Lodges." (Three Tuns, Houghton-street, Clare Market, by No. 185 Which was ordered accordingly. constituted 4th November 1740) is recorded, on its joining 35. with No. 102 (Fountain, Katherine-street, Strand, con- § —I. No very great antiquity can be claimed for our 4 oldest English Lodges, who, in this respect, contrast un- stituted 23rd May 1733).( ) favourably with the more ancient Lodges in Scotland. The the precedency (d) It should be added, moreover, that minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (St Mary's Chapel), 1 4 (present Nos. 2 and has been of original Nos. and 4) range back into the sixteenth century, the earliest recorded entirely unaffected by their various unions with junior 6 entry appearing under date of 28th December 1598. ) Lodges. The Atcheson's Haven Records, in point of antiquity, rank next to those of St. Mary's Chapel (26th Oct. 7 Vll. It appears indeed somewhat anomalous, that 1636). ( ) earliest minutes of whilst the meeting at the Old Apple Tree Tavern, in 1716, The Mother Kilwinning date only from 20th Dec. 1642, but both the of is justly regarded as the most momentous event in the his- Lodge Edinburgh and the of Kilwinning are tory of the Craft, the old Lodge under whose banner that Lodge referred to in the Supplementary Statutes issued by the Warden of the in meeting took place, and who furnished the first Grand Master, Masons December 8 1599. The Lodge of is who was elected to preside oyer the Premier Grand Lodge ( ) Glasgow mentioned in the oldest minute book of the Masons Incorporation, under date of of the World, has been so totally forgotten, that its ancient 22nd Sept. 9 The privileges have lapsed into abeyance, and even its very 1620.( ) Lodge of Aberdeen claims to have been instituted in 1541, but it possesses no record of existence is disputed ! 10 earlier date than 1670. ( ) The minutes of Lodge Dunblane u § 34.—Original No. 4 (Somerset House and Inverness). St. John extend back to January 1696.( ) This Lodge, though spoken of rather disparagingly by Bro. It is highly probable, that the dates placed opposite the Preston, who, indeed, loses no opportunity of extolling the names of original Nos. 1 and 2, in Pine's Inst for 1729 Lodge of Antiquity at the expense of the other old Lodges, (p 4), express the precise periods of their establishment P appears to have fully retained its Time Immemorial It is certain that, as an official of Grand Lodge, Pine privileges. would possess unusual facilities of information, besides Its expulsion from the Masonic Union (1747-51), does not necessarily imply, any break in the continuity of its exist- (») See §§ 17, 19 (IV.), and p 27 (Note 6). ence, as an independent Masonic community, since it is («) F. Q. Rev. (1889), p 45 ; Lyon, p 6. (7) Lyon, pp 87, 407. (i) Broom's Legal Maxims, 4th Ed. p 174. (s) Ibid, pp 243, 408. (») Ibid, p 176. (°) Ibid, p 412. (») Constit. 1767, p 239. (io) Ibid, p 419. (u) («) Ibid, p 244. Ibid, p 414. — ( ; : " 46 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. being placed in a situation of responsibility as regarded their seniority, which should be determined from the accuracy of statement. In Aubrey's Natural History of authentic documents they produced ; those producing Wiltshire, a work written between 1656 and 1691, the none, to be put at the end of the roll. following appears : 30th 6 On November 1743 ( ) a letter was read from the Memorandum.—This day, May the 18th, being Monday, Lodge of Kilwinning, complaining that they were only 1691, after Rogation Sunday, is a great conyention at St. second on the roll, while, as the mother Lodge of Scot- Paul's Church, of the fraternity of the adopted Masons, land, they were entitled to the first place. The Grand where Sir Christopher Wren is to be adopted a brother, Lodge decreed, that as the Lodge of Kilwinning had pro- and Sir Henry Goodric, of the Tower, and divers duced no documents to show that they were the oldest othen.O Lodge in Scotland, and as the Lodge of St. Mary's Chapel hail shewn their records as far back as 1598, the latter This passage, besides disproving the statement of Pres- had an undoubted right to continue first on the roll.Q ton (Illustrations of Masonry), that Sir C. Wren had been In consequence of this decision, received into the Order at a much earlier date, would seem Mother Kilwinning, although it had been a consenting to justify the inference, that from about the period of his party to the erection of the new Grand Lodge, withdrew from it in actual initiation (1691), the meetings of the old Lodge of 1743, and, re-asserting its independence, continued St. Paul began to be held statedly, and that from being to exercise all the functions of a Grand Lodge until, in what was then termed an " occasional" it became a 1807, a reconciliation was effected "stated" Lodge.?) between it and the present Grand Lodge of Scotland. The engraved list for 1729, by placing the date of con- It being conceded that Mother Kilwinning should be stitution of the Lodge at 1691, adds weight to this suppo- placed at the head of the roll of the Grand Lodge, and sition. that her daughter Lodges, as soon as the roll should be Original No. 4 was probably established between 1712 arranged and corrected, should be entitled to be ranked accord- and 1717. ing to Hie dates of their original charters, and of those granted The age of original No. 3 cannot be even approximately by the Grand Lodge; also that the Master of the Mother determined, it having been entered second on the engraved Lodge Kilwinning for the time being, should be ipso facto Provincial Grand Master for the Ayrshire district. 8 lists, till at least 1725, and probably until 1728 ; it may or ( ) may not have been established later than original No. 2, a II. Here unfortunately the analogy ceases; our oldest point now impossible to settle. Its position in 1729 must English Lodge, original No. 1, now the Lodge of have been fixed solely with regard to the date of its warrant Antiquity, though it resumed, as a matter of course, its and therefore affords no clue to its actual seniority. position as No. 1 on the roll of the " Constitutional § 36.—I. The analogy between the Grand Lodges, in England and Scotland respectively, 3 derives another ) (•) Laurie, p 106. illustration, from the fact that the most ancient Lodge 7 ( ) It was well known, and universally admitted, that Kil- under the Masonic constitution of each of these coun- winning was the birthplace of Scottish Masonry; but, as the 4 records of the original Lodge were lost, the present Lodge tries, seceded for a time from the governing body.( ) at Kilwinning could not prove that theirs was the identical Lodge In 1737, it was resolved by the Grand Lodge of Scot- which had first practised Freemasonry in Scotland. Laurie, p 101. Bro. D. M. Lyon says:—"The probability is, that uhe land,^) that all Lodges should be enrolled according to erection of the earliest Scotch Lodges, was of nearly simultaneous occurrence, as wherever a body of the mediaeval masons were employed, there also were the elements to constitute a Lodge. The pretensions of the Lodge of Kilwinning to priority of existence, (») Ed. 1847 (Brittan), p 99. based as they are upon the story which makes its institution and the erection of Kilwinning Abbey (1140) ooeval, are weakened by the 3 ) See 27, Note 1. It wasmaintained by Bro. G. E. Leasing ( p (1778) fact that the Abbey in question, was neither the first nor second that its rise from the construction of St. Paul's Freemasonry took Gothic structure erected in Scotland. Besides, | a minute inspection Cathedral ; but though the works of this brilliant writer are still of its ruins, proves its erection to have been ante-dated by | some held in high esteem by Masonic students, his hypothesis concerning eighty or ninety years." Hist, of the Lodge of Edinburgh (1873), the origin of the Society, commands no adherents at the present p 242. Bro. Findel observes of the German legend —" According day. to an old tradition, the handicrafts were first created into a Brother- (*)§1(II). hood in Magdeburg Cathedral, to which event the date 676 is most unaccountably fixed, whereas the building was not commenced till 1211 !" see ante, 26, Note 3; and 22 (HI.) («) §§ 19, 20 and 28. | p 58 ; p § Laurie, 101. (8) Laurie, p 173. (') p | THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 47 1 Grand Lodge, after the temporary secession of 1778-90,( ) instanced, as at present coinciding, with the policy pursued it was shortly afterwards superseded by the Grand by our own Grand Lodge, is it not possible to follow the Stewards' Lodge, a creation of 1735, and, in 1813, became precedent established by our Scottish brethren, and to also junior to a Lodge dating from 1759 onlyf) : original replace the Old Lodges at the head of the roll in their Nos. 3 and 4 have experienced still harsher treatment. proper relative positions, without numbers P IIL It will doubtless be contended, that the Masonic VI. The story of the great schism might have had a re-union of 1813, was no mere healing of a schism, such as very different ending, had the Old Lodges wavered in their would admit of the rights of the parties being resumed, loyalty to the governing body they set up ; a real flavour of as they existed prior to the breach, but a union of two antiquity would thereby have been communicated to the Masomic societies (by agreement), of coequal authority, so-called " Ancients," the countenance of the creators of the who each contracted away its separate rights and privileges, Masonic Union of 1 71 7, would doubtless have found general in consideration of the ample power and authority which acceptation as a return to the " Old Constitutions" and the was thereby to vest in the one Masonic body, produced by Masonic historian of to-day, might have hesitated to oharac- the fusion of the two independent Grand Lodges. tise as an anachronism, the familiar title by which the regular Masons have been distinguished from the " Seceders." IV. But, the Pour Old Lodges were the "Common Ancestors" of both " Moderns and Ancients," and however If, however, they could not reasonably have expected any indisposed the latter may have been, to yield precedence to reward for their fidelity, they at least merited an immunity Warranted Lodges (of the " Moderns "), though of prior from punishment, but in the result, as has been already date to their own, it is scarcely conceivable that the nego- narrated, the Old Lodges who did not secede (i.e. join the ciations pending in 1810-13, for a union of the rival Grand Ancients) were degraded, whilst the actual seceders (as Lodges, would have been in any way jeopardised, had the represented by their Senior Lodge), were exalted to the " Moderns " made the precedency of the " Old Lodges 99 over highest position on the roll all other Lodges (" Modern or Ancient,") a condition prece- History repeats itself—the charge preferred against the dent to signing away their independent existence. Grand Lodge of England, by the York Masons, a century " " 4 Indeed, the acquiescence of the Ancients in the pre- ago, of "despising the origin from whence it sprang,"( ) cedency claimed for the Grand Stewards' Lodge (Moderns), has derived yet a further illustration, from the hard measure s negatives any such conclusion. ( ) meted out to the survivors of the Four Old Lodges, who, as their creation, the " Premier Grand Lodge of the World," V. If, however, the action of the Grand Lodge of Scot- has advanced so as to have become a wonder and a pattern land, with regard to "Mother Kilwinning," cannot be to the universal craft, have themselves steadily retrograded from the foremost position they once occupied, until, in the end, their ancient privileges have passed out of the domain of reality, and constitute an almost forgotten page of (*) Present No. 1, Grand Master's Lodge. Formerly No. 1, history. Ancients." See § 9. Masonic ( • ) From the minutes of the " Ancient " Grand Lodge, it appears that their " Stewards' Lodge," (which was allowed to " drop oat " at the Union) was established on the 6th November 1754. (*) See § 27. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 40 APPENDIX. LIST No. 10. List op Lodges 1725-1729. (Fom the Minute Book of Grand Lodge). This List, which was commenced 27th November 1725, seems to have been continued until 1729. It probably served as the official record of Lodges and their members, until succeeded by the revised list for 1 730 (see next list, No. 11). The Lodges are entered in ledger form, two lodges to a page, and beneath them appear the names of members. " A List of the Regular Constituted Lodges, together with the names of the Masters and Wardens and Members of each Lodge, as by account delivered at a Quarterly Communication held 27th November 1725." Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's Church Yard. Devil Tavern, Temple Barr. Queen's Head, in Knaves Acre. Tom's Coffee House, Clare Market. Green Lett ice, in Brownlow Street. Red Lyon, Tottenham Court Road. Horn, at Westminster. Crown and Sceptre, St. Martin's Lane. King's Head, in Ivy Lane. Red Lyon, at Richmond, Surrey. Griffin, in Newgate Street. Qaeen's Head, at Bath. Three Compasses, in Silver Street. Nagg's Head, at Bristol. Ffonntain Tavern, in the Strand. Maid's Head, at Norwich. Rose A Crown, in King-street, Westminster. Swan, in Chichester. Globe Tavern, in Fleet Street. Sann, in Chester. Rammer Tavern, at Charing Cross. Spread Eagle, in Chester. Half Moon, in the Strand. Castle and Faulkon, in Chester. Bedford Head, Coven t Garden. Mason's Arms, in Ffalham. Castle Tavern, St. Giles'. Legg Tavern, in Ffleet Street. Cardigan, at Charing Cross. Black Posts, in Great Wild Street. Swan Tavern, Ffish Street Hill. Swan, in East Street, Greenwich. Ball Head, in Sonthwark. Queen's Head, in Hollis Street. Anchor, in Datchy Lane, Strand. Ffleece, in Ffleet Street. Baptist Head, Chancery Lane. Crown and Harp, St. Martin's Lane. San Tavern, in Clare Market. Rummer, in Henrietta Street. Son, South side St. Paul's. Soloman's Temple, Hemming*s Row. Crown, behind the Exchange. Lebeck's Head, Maiden Lane. Three Tuns, Newgate Street. Red I^yon, at Brentford. Denmark's Head, Cavendish Street. Hand and Appletree, Little Queen Street. Buffeloe, in Bloom sbury. King Hen. Head, Seven Dyalls. Globe Tavern, att Moore Gate. Blew Posts, in Deveraux Court. King's Arms, St. Paul's. Mitre, at Reading. Queen's Head, in Great Queen Street. Free Mason's Coffee House, New Belton Street. Lyon, in Brewer's Street. Mitre Tavern, Covent Garden. Dolphin, in Tower Street. Golden Lyon, Dean Street. Dake of Chandois Armes, Edgworth. Bell Tavern, Nicholas Lane. Crown, at Acton. Cock and Bottle, in Little Britain. Constituted 7th Jany. 1725 King's Head, in Pall Mell. East India Arms, at Gosport, Mr. Timothy Raggett. 27th Ffeb. 1728 Dick's Coffee House, in the Strand. Nagg's Head and Starr, in Carmarthen, South Wales. 9th June 1729 Ship, without Temple Barr. King's Head, in Salford, near Manchester. Nagg's Head, in Princes Street. Castle and Leg, in Hoiborn. Ship, on Ffish Street Hill. Green Lettice, in Brownloe Street, in Holborn. Bell Tavern, at Westminster. Wool Pack, in the town of Warwick. Star and Garter, Covent Garden. 7 — 50 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. LIST No. 11. List of Lodges 1730-32. (From the Minute Booh of Grand Lodge). This List seems to have been continued from 1730 to 1732, and is thus headed in the earliest Minute Book of Grand Lodge : " List of the names of the Members of all the regular Lodges as they wore returned in the year 1730. The Right Hon. Thomas Lord Lovell being then Grand Master." 1 King's Arms in St. Paul's Church Yard. 53 Hoop and Griffin, Leadenhall Street. 2 Ball and Gate in Holbourn. 54 Rose and Crown, Greek St. Sohoe. 3 Horn in Westminster. 55 Red Lyon, Richmond. 4 Swan at Hampstead. 66 Anchor and Crown, Short's Gardens. 5 Ship behind the Royal Exchange. 67 Queen's Head, Hoxton. 6 Coach and Horses in Maddocks St. 58 Crown Corn Market, Oxford. 7 Rummer, Queen St. CbeupBide. 59 Three Tuns, Searsburgh. 8 Devil Tavern within Temple Bar. 60 Three Tuns, Billingsgate. 9 One Tun in Noble St. 61 King's Armsin Cateton Street. 10 King's Arms in Ne v Bond St. 62 The Georere at Northampton. 11 Queen's Head in Knaves Acre. 63 Bear and Harrow in the Butcher's Row. 12 Castle in Drury Lane. 64 Move Tavern without Temple Bar. 13 Anchor in Dutchy Lane. 65 St. Rooks Hill near Chichester. 14 Queen's Head in Gt. Qneen Street. 66 Red Lyon in Canterbury. 15 Bull Head in Sonthwark. 67 16 Goat at the Foot of the ilaymarket. 68 Goldon Spikes in Brides Street. 17 Crown at St. Gyles's. 69 Kinir's Head in Flat S>reet. 18 Crown, Ludgate Hill. 70 Duke's Head in Lynn Regis in Norfolk. 19 Queen's Arms, Newgate Street. 71 Bricklayers Arms iu Barbican, now removed to Rose in the 20 French Lodge, Swan, L ng Acre. Chenpside. 21 Anchor and Baptist's Head, Chancery Lane. 72 East India Arms in Bengal. 22 Swan iu Fish St. Hill. 73 Saraci is Head in Lincoln. 23 Half Moon, Cbeapside. 74 University Lodee. 24 Crown without Cripplegate. 75 Rainbow Coffee House in York Buildings. 25 King's Head, Greenwich. 76 Whiru Bear in King Street, Golden Square. 26 King's Arms, Strand. 77 Black Lyon in Jockey Fie'ds. 27 Crown and Scoptres, St. Martin's Lane. 78 Fountain in Bury St. Edmunds. 28 Queen's Head, Bath. 79 Castle in Highgate. 29 Nag's Head, Bristol. 80 Angel in Macclesfield in Cheshire. 30 Queen's Head, Norwich. 81 Fleece in Bury St. Edmunds in Norfolk. 31 Swan, Chichester. 82 Three Tuns in Newg »te Street. 32 Pyot Bull, Northgate Street, Chester. 83 Three Tuns in Smithfield. 33 Castle and Falcon, Watergate St. Chester. 84 Dauiel'H Coffee Honj»e in Lombard Street. 34 Nag's Head, Carmarthen, S. Wales. 85 King's Arms in Russell Street. 35 East India Arms, Gosport, Hampshire. 83 King's Arms on St. Margaret's Hill in Sonthwark. 36 Red Lyon, Congleton, Cheshire. 87 New King's Arms in Leii/h in Lancashire. 37 Three King's in SpittlefieMs (removed to the Sash and Coooe 88 Bell and Raven at Wolverhampton in Staffordshire. Tree, Upper Moore Fields). 89 Black Boy and Sugar Loaf in Stanhope Street. 38 Swan in Tottenham High Cross (removed to the Three Tuns 90 King's Head at Paris. and Ball Head in Cheapside). 91 Sun in Fleet Street. 39 Swan and Rummer, Finch Lane. 92 King's Arms on Ludgate Hill. 40 St. Paul's Head, Ludgate St. 93 Crown inWalbro-k. 41 Vine, Holbourn. 94 Oxford Arms in Ludcrate Street. 42 95 Horn and Feathers, Wood Street. 43 Cross Keys, Henrietta St. 96 White Horse in Ipswich. 44 Swan, Long Acre. 97 New Inn in Exeter. 45 White Hart, without Bishopsgate. 98 Prince TJgen's Head Coffee-house in St. Albans St. 46 Mount Coffee Hons, Grosvenor St. 99 Rnmmer in Charing X* 47 Three Crowns, Stoke Nowington. 100 The George in the Butchers' Row. 48 King's Head, Salford, near Manchester. 101 Crown in Upper Moore Fields. 49 Castle and Legg, in Holbourn. 102 Royal Vine Yeard in St. James's Park. 60 French Arms, St. Bernard's St. Madrid. 103 Ship without Temple Bar. 51 Gibralter Lodge. 104 Virgin's Inn in Derby. 52 Woolpack, Warwick. (For dates of Constitution see corresponding numbers on the List for 1786-39). THF FOUR OLD LODGES. 51 LIST No. 12. This is the latest List in which all four of the Old Lodges appear. It will be seen that No. 13 is missing. See § 7, Note 2. List of Lodges 1 736-39. ( ) 19 " A List of Regular Lodges, according to their seniority and constitution. (*) 1 King's Arms, St. Panvs Church-yard 58 Crown, Corn Market, Oxford 8th Aug. 1729 s KQ 2 Ball and Gate in Holborn( ) 0*t Three Tuns, Scarborough 27th Aug. 1729 (Hi 4 3 Horn, Westminster George-street, Mary Axe( ) 4 Shakespeare's Head, Marl borough -street 17th Jan. 1722 OL Fountain, Snow-bill 24th Jan. 1730 6 Bell, Nicholas-lane llth July 1721 OA George and Dragon, Northampton 16th Jan. 1730 6 Mr. Braund's Head, New Bond.street 19th Jan. 1722 Bacchus and Grapes, Gravill-street, 7 Bummer, Queen-street, C heaps ide 2Sth Jan. 1722 Hatton-garden 8 Daniel's Coffee Hon Be, Temple Bar 25th April 1722 Ol 9 Red Cross Barr(«) DO St. Rooks-hill, near Chichester, Sussex In the reign of 10 King's Arms, N*w Bond -street 25th No*. 1722 Julius Csssar 11 Queen's Head, Kuave's-acre 27th Feb. 172} on Red Lion, in ye City of Canterbury 3rd April 1730 12 Castle, Drury-lane fi7 Castle, St. Giles' 14 Qupen's Head, Great Queen -street 30th March 1723 68 Vine, Long-acre, Masters' Lodge 28th April 1730 15 Ball's Head, Southwark 1st April 1723 Bacchus and Bunch of Grapes, Blooms- 22nd May 1730 * 16 Tnrk's Head, Fleet-street ( ) bury Market 17 Crown, St. Giles' 1723 Lion, Lvnn Regis 1st Oet. 1729 18 San, Hoi born 5th May 1723 71 Rose, Cheapside 26th Jan. 1730 19 Mourning Bush, Aldersgate 15th May 1723 7* East Indian Arms, Bengal, in the East Indies 20 French Swan Lodge, Lonsf-acre 12th June 1723 / o Saracen's Head, Lincoln 7th Sept. 1730 TA. 21 Chain and Anchor, Chancery-lane 4th August 1723 1 4 University Lodge, at the Bear and Harrow in 14th Deo. 1730 4 22 Ball's Head, Gracechurch-btreet( ) the Butcher-row 23 Half Moon, Cbeapside 18th Sept. 1723 7Sto Rainbow Coffee House, York-buildings 17th July 1730 24 Swan, Whiteero*s-8treet 7fi Queen's Head, Old Baily, Masters' Lodge 25 Horse, Spitalfields 24th Dec. 1723 77 Black Lion, Jockey-fields llth Jan. 1731 26 Key and Garter, Pall Mall /o Fountain, Bury St. Edmunds 1731 27 Forrest's Coffee House, Charing Cross 27th March 1724 7Q Crown and Angels, Little St. Martins-lane 28 Queen's Head. City of Bath 80 Angel, Macclesfield 29 Nag's Head, Bristol 81 Fleece, Bury St. Edmunds 1st Nov. 1731 30 Three Tuns, City of Norwich 82 Three Tuns, Newgate-street 21st Oct. 1731 31 Dolphin, City of Chichester 17th July 1724 83 Three Tuns, Smithfield 17th Deo. 1731 32 Double Eagle, Castle-lane, City of Chester 81 Old Castle of Antwerp, behind the Royal 83 Crown and Mitre, Northgate-street, City E 113 Bear and Collar, City of Bath 18th March 1733 138 Anchor, Cock-lane, Snow-hill 4 114 The Fountain, in Catherine-street, Strand( ) 139 Sayan nah, in ye Province of Georgia 115 Daniel's Coffee House, Temple Bar 140 Ashley's London Punch House, Lndgate-hill 1736 116 Harrow and Boar, Master Masons' Lodge, 141 Three Cups, Colchester Butcher-row 142 Fountain, Shrewsbury 16th April 1735 117 Shakespeare's Head, Stewards' Lodge, 25th June 1735 143 Fountain, Gateshead 8th March 1735 Coven t Garden 144 Greyhound, Lamb-street, Spittlefields 11th June 1736 118 Bed Lion, Bury, in Lancashire 26th July 1733 145 Three Crowns, Weymouth 119 Dog, Stourbridge, Worcester 1st Aug. 1733 146 King's Head, Norwich 120 Oate's Coffee House, Masters' Lod ge, Great 147 George and Dragon, Tythe Barn-street, 25th June 1736 Whild-street Liverpool 121 Crown, Fleet Market( *) 148 Sun, Fish-street-hill 16th Aug. 1736 122 ForreRt'8 Coffee House, Charing Cross 149 King's Arms, Edgeburton -street, Bir- 123 Castle, Kingston, Middlesex mingham 124 Hamburgh, in Lower Saxony 150 Yorkshire Grey, Beer-lane, Thames-street 2nd Dec. 1736 125 Swan, Birmingham 151 Black Dog, Castle-street, Seven Dyals, 21st Dec. 1736 5 126 Boston, in New Eogland( ) 30th July 1733 Masters' Lodge 127 Valenciennes, in French Flanders 152 Blossom's Inn, Lawrence-lane, Cheapside 31st Deo. 1736 128 D.M. and Figure, Petiooate-lane, White- 5th Nov. 1734 chapell 129 Masons Arms, Plymouth ] 130 Mitre, Mint-street, near St. George's 11th June 1735 ( ) From Engraved List (Grand Lodge). Church, South wark f These words are prefixed to the 1729 and 1734 Lists, but the 131 At the Hague 1735 ( ) earlier List 1725 is simply " List Regular Lodges as 132 Two Fencers, Newcastle-on-Tyne 24th June 1735 of headed of constituted till March 25th." 133 At the Castle, Aubi^ny, in France 22nd Aug. 1735 134 Sun, Old Round-court 26th Aug. 1735 3 ) Crossed out. 135 Lisbon Lodge ( 136 Lord Weymouth's Arms, Warminster, in 4 description. ( ) Pasted over the original printed Wiltshire 5 137 Bummer, Bristol 12th Nov. 1735 ( ) Date written in. EXTRACT PROM LIST FOR 1739. 153 City of Durham, Swallow St. Jan. 24 1736 170 St. Luke, Phoenix Allev, Cov. Garden Mar. 27 1738 154 Crown, West SmithSeld Feb. 14 1736 171 Wheat Sheaf, City of Gloucester Mar. 28 1738 155 King's Arms, Catea ton St. Feb. 22 1736 172 Crown an LIST No. 13. List of Lodqes 1740-55. The engraved list for 1740 constitutes one of the most It would appear that warrants changed hands very important links in the chain of our Lodge History, easily. Thus the present No. 64, Fortitude, Manchester, marking, as it does, the first change of numbers; the met at the Flower Pot, Bishopsgate St., London, until previous (and earliest) numeration having extended from 1743, when it was erased ; in 1744 it was off the list, but 1729 to 1739. reappeared the following year, as the Hare and Hounds, I Parsonage Lane, Manchester. The numeration which this change inaugurates, ranged No. 165 (present No. 67, Star in the East), or its place from 1740 to 1755 inclusive, being followed by those of j or warrant, belonged to a London Lodge, meeting at the 1756-69, 1770-80, 1781-91, and 1792-1813. Three Tuns, Houghton-street, Clare Market, up to | 1745, when the warrant of constitution was surrendered. In It is remarkable, moreover, for containing more errors in I 1750, however, the blank was filled by the name of the Third regard to dates, than will be found (appearing for the first Lodge, Calcutta, East India, dated at 1740. The list for time) in any other of the Official Lists. Successive en- I that year showing one otlier Bengal Lodge only, namely : gravers naturally perpetuated the mistakes of their prede- ! No. 66, the East India Arms, Bengali, dating from 1730 cessors, but to Pine belongs the distinction, after having (which will also be found in the 1740 List). In 1756, at had the bringing out of these lists for seventeen years, of , the change of numbers, these Lodges (Nos. 66 and 165 in placing the wrong dates of Constitution against no less 1745) are shown as No. 40 and 117, respectively, and in than four out of the first nine Warranted Lodges on the 1 740 the following year, the earlier of the two has disappeared. List, which error, in its entirety, has survived to this day. It is somewhat singular that the present No. 67, though (See List No. 7.) Also No. 43 is placed at the year 1727 at till , dated 1740, never appeared on the roll 1750, also that from 1728 ; No. 98 at 1734 from 1733 ; and No. 99 at 1732 whilst its first name, the third Lodge, Calcutta, would imply from 1733. The dates in each case from which the altera- that there were two Senior Bengal Lodges then in exist- tions were made having been those recorded in the Consti- ence, no intermediate Lodge can be found on the lists. In tutions 1738, which was approved in manuscript by Grand 1778, present No. 67—then No. 93—is styled the first Lodge Lodge. (*) The present positions of the last mentioned of Bengal. The anomaly, however, is explained by the Lodges, Nos. 98 and 99, afford a good illustration of the Minutes of Grand Lodge, 16th December 1747, where it inconveniences that have ensued ; No. 98, the senior of the appears that this Lodge was duly constituted on 16th April two, being placed after the fair date of its warrant as 1740, by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Calcutta. No. 45 (Strong Man), and No. 99, the junior, being placed No. 86 (present No. 39, St. John's, Exeter) has had a some- higher than its proper seniority, as No. 35 (Medina). what chequered career. Appearing as No. 97 in the List Present No. 35 (Medina) was a London Lodge up to 1761, for 1734 (the earliest after its establishment now extant), but, in 1762, was removed, or its warrant transferred, to it became No. 86 in 1740, but, on 29th November 1754, West Cowes, Isle of Wight. It was erased in 1773, but having been erased, along with nineteen other Lodges, was appears again in the numeration for 1781-91 as No. 33, omitted from the List at the change of numbers in 1756, and, having moreover gained a further year's seniority (1731), accordingly, on re-instatement in 1759, had to come in at which it retains to this day ? the bottom of the roll; during the continuance, therefore, of No. 43 (present No. 29, St. Albans) is placed at the year this numeration (1756-69) its place was No. 239; in 1770, 1727 from 1728—an error which has also survived to the it resumed its proper seniority, as No. 48; becoming No. 38 present time. No. 93 (present No. 37, Anchor and Hope, in 1781, and 35 in 1792. During the continuance of the Bolton) was permanently placed at the year 1731 from 1732 engraved lists, 1723-78, this Lodge was shown at its proper in the 1781-91 numeration. date (1732), but in the numerations of 1781-91, and 1792- (i) §§ 13 and 22 (II.) ( 54 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Lodges 1813, was placed before the fair date of its warrant, at The various erasures and reinstatements of Constitution 1731 where it has since remained. constituted prior to 1744, chronicled in the noted below The Lodges in this list (1740) which have ceased to books up to 1784, are, as far as practicable, ; imperfectly recorded. appear on the roll, are shown in ordinary type, whilst the these changes however, are very still subsisting Lodges are in italic. (§ 16, I.) A List of Regular Lodges according to their Seniority and Constitution, by order of the Grand Officers. Printed for and Sold by I. Pine, Engraver, in Old Bond-street, near Piccadilly, London. Constituted. N".. No. and Name 1740 Constituted. 1T2T»T9 No. and Name 1740 1S St. 1727 50 44 Arms ( ) St. Bernard Madrid 1 8t. Paul's 12 April 15 1728 i Kini's Arms Churchyard 57 45 E C and Figure ( ) Charing Cross (i) 9 April 22 1728 3 2 Horn Westminster 52 46 Woolpack ( ) Warwick a 1728 5 3 Crown ( ) Behind the Royal Ex- July 11 1721 53 47 Rose Cheapside | 7 1728 change 54 48 Royal Oak ( ) Great Earl St. Seren 4 4 Shakspeare Marlborough-st. Jan. 17 1721 dials 6 5 Braund's Head New Bondst. Jan. 19 1721 55 49 Old Man's Coffee Charing Cross 1728 7 6 Rummer Queen- st., Cheapside Jan. 28 1721 House 8 1728 8 7 King's Arms ( ) Temple Bar April 25 1722 56 50 Crown and Anchor King St. Seven dials Cross ,4 9 8 Red Barbican May 1722 ( ) 4 10 9 Kings Arms ( ) New Bond St Nov. 25 1722 51 51 Rock Gibralter Nov. 1728 St. Feb. 1722 9 Scarborough Aug. 27 1729 11 10 George and Portland St Oxford 27 59 52 Three Tuns ( ) Dragon Market 70 63 Lion («) Lynn Regis, Norfolk Oct. 1 1729 12 11 Crown New Crane. Wavping 1722 60 54 St. George and St. Mary Ax Jan. 22 1729 28 1723 16 13 12 Bury*8 Coffee House Bridges St. March Drasron ( ) Queen's 5 1723 17 Hill Jan. 24 1729 14 13 Head ( ) Gre»t Queen St. March30 61 65 Fountain ( ) Snow 8 12 Mar. 25 1730 15 14 Rummer ( ) St.MaryOvery'sChurch April 1 1723 63 56 Masons Hall ) Madox St.HannoyerSq. 9 IntheReign of Yard 65 57 St. Rooks Hill ( ) Near Chichester 16 15 Bedford Arms(*) Covent Garden April 3 1723 Julius Caesar 17 16 Shakspear's Head Covent Garden 1723 66 58 Red Lion (») Canterbury April 3 1730 7 1730 ( ) 67 59 Castle (») St. Giles 18 17 Snn(*) Hoi born May 5 1723 68 60 Vine(H) Long Acre April 28 1730 1723 M May 22 1730 19 18 Mourning Bush Aldersgate 69 61 Bacchns ( ) Bloomsbnry Market 2 1730 20 19 French Swan( ) Long Acre June 12 1723 75 62 Gun(") 8vffolkSt July 17 21 20 Baptist's Head and Chancery Lane Aug. 4 1723 73 63 Saracen's Heal Lincoln Sept 7 1730 5 Anchor ( ) (19) 22 21 Do* Billinsgate Sep. 11 1723 62 64 St. George and Northampton Jan. 12 1730 9 23 22 Half Moon Cheapside Sep. 18 1723 Drngon ( ) Jan. 26 1730 24 23 Swan and Cocoa Whitecros8 St. 1723 71 65 Globe ( Old Jewry Tree (8) 72 66 East India Arms Bengali, East India 1730 25 24 Running Dog Lamb St. Spittlefields Dec. 24 1723 76 67 Queen's Head Old Bailey 1730 28 25D»g(') St. James Market 1723 79 68 Griffin Snow Hill 1730 27 26 Forrest's Coffee Charing Cross March27 1724 80 69 Angel Macclesfield, Cheshire 1731 2 21 1731 House ( ) 82 70 Three Tuns(») Newgate St. Oct. 30 27 Three Tuna Norwich 1724 81 71 Fleece (») Bury St. Edmunds Nov. 1 1731 31 28 White Horse Chichester July 17 1724 83 72 Three Tuns Smithfield Deo. 17 1731 32 29 Crown, Clasped Bridges St. Chester 1724 84 73 Old Castle of Beyond ye Royal Ex- Dec. 23 1731 Hands and Rose Antwerp change 34 30 Bunch of Grapes Carmarthen, S. Wales 1724 77 74 Black Lion Jockey Fields Jan. 11 1731 21 Feb. 2 1731 35 31 Tree Portsmouth 1724 86 75 Kiugs Arms ( ) St* Margarets Hill, 36 32 R*dLion(») Congleton, Cheshire 1724 South wark 10 1731 37 33 Arms ( ) Moore Fields July 1724 87 76 Kings Arms Leigh, in Lancashire Feb. 22 9 Mar. 28 1732 38 34 Sun Hooper Square, Good- Jan. 22 1724 < 88 77 Raven and Bell ( ) Wolverhampton mans Fields 1724 90 78 Ville de Tonnerre Rue de Boucheries, a April 3 1732 39 35 Swan and Rammer Barth Lane. Royal Ex- Feb. (13) Paris change 89 79 Head(*) St Paul's Churchyard April 11 1732 n i April 12 1732 40 36 San St. Pauls Churchyard April 1725 91 80 Three Tuns ( ) Grosvenor Street 11 6 42 37 Angel ) Whitechapel 1725 92 81 Arms( Newgate Street May 25 1732 ( , ) 43 38 Kings Arms Strand May 25 1725 93 82 Bird Without Bishopsgate June 21 1732 | 3 41 39 Mitre ( ) King St., Westminster Sep. 1725 94 83 Sun(») Lndgate Street June 29 1732 (w) 28 47 40 Globe Fleet St. Aug. 9 1727 95 84 Kings Arms ( ) Dorset St. Spittlefields July 12 1732 11 46 41 Mount's ( ) Coffee Grosvenor Street Jan. 12 1727 96 85 White Dog Ipswich 1732 Ho ase 97 86 New Inn (») Exeter Jaly 11 1732 48 42 King's Head (») Salford nr. Manchester 1727 88 87 Union Coffee House Upper end of the Hay- Aug. 17 1732 49 43 Leicester Coffee Leicester Fields Jan. 31 1727 market i House Aug. 18 1732 1 99 88HoopandGriffin(") Leadenhall Street THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 55 vo* No. and Name 1740 Constituted. No. No. and Name 1740 1723-38 Constituted. 101 89 Rammer (**) Old Fish St. Hill Aug. 29 1732 150 135 Kings Arms Lombard Street D . 2 1736 11 102 90 Royal Vineyard St. James* Park Sept. 5 1732 151 136 Black Dog Castle St. Seven dials Jan. 31 1737 M( ) 103 91 Kind's Arms ( ) Leicester Fields Sept. 8 1732 152 137 Blossom's Inn Laurence Lane Feb 17 1737 104 92 Virgin's Inn (») Derby Sept. 14 1732 153 138 Durham Castle (») Swallow Street Mar. 27 1738 105 93 A Private Room Bolton-le.Moor Not. 9 1732 154 139 Crown (») West Smithfield 106 94 Crown Coffee Spittlefields Nov. 15 1732 155 140 Kin«s Arms(W) Cateaton Street Mar. 28 1738 9 House (*) 156 141 Horn( ) Braintree, Essex May 3 1738 7 107 95 Turk's Head(») Greek Street, Soho Dec. 12 1732 157 142 Three Tuna ( ) Wood Street 106 96 Seven Stars (•) Bury St. Edmunds Deo. 15 1732 158 143 Westminster Dunning'* Alley, May 16 1738 109 97 Lamb Kathnrine St. Strand Dec. 27 1732 Hall (») Bishopgate Street Dec. 21 1736 110 98 Ship Coffee House Nr. Hermitage Bridge Feb. 2 173 V 159 144 Three Tuna Spittle Fields Deo. 31 1736 111 99 Fleece (») Goodmans Fields Feb. 17 1732 160 145 Half Moon and Snow Hill Jan. 24 1736 12 112 100 King's Arms Tower St. Seven Dials Mar. 3 1732 Three Tuns( ) Feb. 14 1736 113 101 Bear and Collar Bath May 18 1733 161 146 K.I.and Figure 2 Old Jewry Feb. 22 1736 M ( ) 114 102 Fountain ( ) Katherin St. Strand May 23 1733 162 147 Gun Jermain Street Mar. 17 1736 118 103 Red Lion Bury, Lancashire July 215 1733 163 148 Black Posts Maiden Lane Mar. 22 1736 119 104 Dog Stonrbridge Aug. 1 1733 16V 149 Sun Aldersgate Street Mar. 30 1737 121 105 Crown Ludgate Hill Deo. 27 1733 165 150 Angel (") Shipton Mallet, Som- 122 106 Forrest's Coffee Charing Cross 1733 mersor shire April 18 1737 9 Honse (*) 166 151 Angel ( ) Abwve Hill in ye Baili- April 20 1737 7 123 107 Fountain ( ) Snow Hill 1733 wick of Lincoln 167 9 124 108 Hamburg, Lower 1733 152 Swan and Dove ( ) Hereford May 10 1737 ,0 Saxony 168 153 Fountain ( ) Bartholomew Lane Aug. 24 1837 125 109 8wan Birmingham 1733 154 Parbam Lodge Parham Antigua Sept. 21 1737 7 126 110 Royal Exchange Beaton, New England July 30 1733 169 155 Mansion House ( ) Still Yard, Thames St Deo. 8 1737 127 HI Valenciennes, French 1733 170 156 Red Lion (W) Red Lion Street,Clerk- Dec. 12 1737 Flanders enwell 7 171 128 112 D. M. & Figure ( ) Petticoat Lane, White- Nov. 5 1734 157 Wheatsheaf (") Gloucester Deo. 23 1737 chapel 172 158 Crown and Angel Crispin Street, Spittle- 129 1 13 Mason's Arms ( * ) Plymouth 173 1 Fields Jan. 16 1737 9 130 111 fi*M Nicholas Lane June 11 1735 173 159 D.G.and Figure ( ) Pall Mali Jan. 27 1737 117 115 Shakespears Head Stewards Lodge, Covent June 24 1735 174 160 Bell and Dragon (?) King Street, Golden June 19 1738 Garden Sqnare 131 116 Hague 1735 175 161 Swan (ii) Fish St. Hill July 10 1738 132 117 Two Fencers Newcastle June 24 173."> 176 162 Black Bull Halifax, Yorkshire July 12 1738 133 118 AttheCa«tle(«) Aubigny, in France Aug. 12 1735 177 163 Swan (*) Tewksbury, Gloucester- Oot. 26 1738 9 134 119 Bear with Collar( ) Strand Aug. 25 1735 shire 135 120 Lisbon 1735 161 Conrt House Lodge St. John's, Antigua Nov. 22 1738 9 1 36 121 WeymouthArms ( ) Warminster, in Wilt- 1735 178 1«5 Flower Pot Bishopsgate Street Jan. 19 1738 phi ro 179 166 Crown and Anchor King St. Seven dials Jan. 27 1738 138 122 Queen Elizabeth Hicks Hall Oct. 30 1735 ISO 167 Horse and Man Foie^ateSt. Chester Feb. 1 1738 137 123 Rammer Bristol Nov. 12 1735 181 168 Cushion St. Albans Feb. 10 1738 139 124 Arms Savannah, Georgia 1735 182 169 K. C. aud Figure Romford, Essex Mar. 13 1738 140 125 Ashley's London Ludgate Hill Mar. 1 1735 170 Bakers' Lodge St. Johu's, Antigua Mar. 14 1738 20 Punch House ( ) 183 171 Horse Shoe and Fleet St. Mar. 20 1738 141 126 Three Cups Colchester 1735 Magpie (7) 3 143 127 Fonntain (») Gateshead Mar. 8 1735 18 V 172 K.W.andFigure( ) Portsmouth April 24 1739 142 128 Fountain (») Shrewsbury April 16 1730 185 173 British Coffee Charing Cross April 28 1739 21 (a) 144 129 Greyhound ( ) Lambs St. Spittlefields June 11 1736 House 9 145 130 Three Crowns ( ) Woy rnon t hand Melcome 1736 174 Basseterre Lodge St. Christophers June 21 1739 | R<>gis, 186 175 Black Bull Spalding, Dorset I (») Lincolnshire June 22 1739 146 131 King's Head Norwich 1736 1 87 176 Red Bull Charles St. Strand Aug. 29 1739 147 132 St. George and Tytho Barn St. Liver- June 25 1736 188 177 Axe and Gate King St. Westminster Oot. 8 1739 f Drasron pool 189 178 Granadiers Lodge May Fair Oct. 25 1739 ' 31 1736 3 148 133 Bell ( ) Nicholas Lano Aug. 16 179 Wheatsheaf ( ) Leicester Dec. 7 1739 149 134 St. George and Birmingham Sept. 20 1736 180 Double Eagle Gracechurch St. Jan. 16 1739 Dragon 181 White Lion Banbury, Oxfordshire Mar. 31 1740 End of 1740 List. EXTRACTS FROM LISTS FOR 1744-45. 182 Kingston in Jamaioa April 14 1739 191 Three Horse Leominster, Hereford Oot. 11 1742 183 St. George and Castle St. Leicester June 26 1740 Shoes (»*) Dragon Fields 192 Union of Angela Francford, in Germany June 17 1742 184 Red Lion (»«) Tower St. Bristoll July 10 1740 193 Port Royal Lodge Jamaioa 1742 185 Three Tuns (»*) Houghton St. Clare Nov. 4 1740 194 Angel Dolgelly, N. Wales Sept. 17 1743 Market 195 White Lion Broad St. Bristol Mar. 20 1748 186 St. Michael's Lodge Barbadoes 1740 196 St. George Emperor's Court at Sept. 24 1743 187 Private Room Lausanne, Switzerland Feb. 2 1739 Hamburgh 188 St. George and Whitehaven, Cumber- Mar. 19 1740 Of the above Lodges, only thirty-eight will now be foand on the Dragon 1S land ( ) roll, viz. :—Nos. (1740—55) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 22, 34, 189 Ship and Tower sa) Haverfordwest, S. Wales April 14 1741 ( 38, 43, 62, 86, 93, 98, 99, 101, 103, 109, 114, 115, 117, 126, 131, 135, 190 Hoop and Grapes Coventry Street April 13 1742 136, 147, 158, 162, 165, 166, 178, 185, and 190. 4 56 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. EXTRACT FROM LIST FOR 1755. 197 New Lodge Copenhagen, Den- Oct. 25 1745 258 Cheswill Street April 5 1755 mark 259 Swan New St. Cot. Gar- May 5 1755 198 Bear Norwich May 9 1747 den 199 Maids Head Norwich Jany. 5 1748 260 Barbadoes April 23 1752 200 Mitre Plymouth Jany. 15 1748 261 Barbadoes Deo. 16 1752 201 Bear Cambridge Mar. 31 1749 262 Barbadoes Jan. 31 1754 202 Lodge of Orange At Rotterdam May 5 1749 263 Swan Upper Mount St. June 17 1756 203 Plymouth May 1 1748 Grosrenor Square 204 Denmark Oct. 9 1749 264 Norwich June 17 1765 205 Guild Norwich Jany. 9 1749 265 Amsterdam June 24 1755 206 St. Christopher July 20 1750 266 Cardiff Aug. 1754 207 Hole in the Wall Norwich Feby. 12 1751 267 Cambridge Sept. 1754 206 Jamaica April 29 1746 268 St. Eustatius June 6 1747 209 King's Arms Falmouth May 20 1751 269 St. Eustatius 1754 210 Angel Great Yarmouth Jane 6 1751 270 White Bear Suffolk 211 West St. Gravesend Jane 8 1751 271 Ship and Castle Penzance 212 Cross Hermitage Wapping 213 Minorca Feby. 9 1750 21 Minorca May 23 1750 215 Minorca June 24 1750 1 ( ) Erased 3rd April 1747. Restored 4th Sept. 1751. 216 Minorca Nov. 26 1751 f > ) Erased 25th March 1745. 217 "Frin£r R A rrnfl Hel stone in Corn- April 14 1752 ( wall 3 waii ( ) Erased 4th April 1744. 218 Ship LAA/tan Hall fifc Into July 13 1752 ( ) Erased 25th March 1745. Restored 7th March 1747. Erased The Bull Alders- « 23rd January 1764. Restored 23rd April 1764. gate 219 Rainbow Coffee Cornhill Aug. 21 1752 (*) Ei»sed 10th April 1782. House («) Erased 24th April 1776. 220 Truro Sept. 22 1762 Erased 21st Not. 1745. 221 Chardenagore (7) « 222 Madrass ( ) Erased 17th Not. 1760, and 28th April 1776. 223 At the Hague (») Erased 29th Not. 1754. 224 Nottingham Jany. 7 1753 225 Lion and Goat Feb. 24 1753 0°) Erased 14th April 1746. 226 Barton's Coffee March 5 1753 (") Erased 24th June 1742. House («) Erased 9th April 1743. 227 Angel Piccadilly March 5 1753 l3 228 Guernsey May 10 1753 ( ) Erased 27th January 1768. 229 Exchange, Bristol Aug. 22 1753 ( ") Erased 28th April 1775. 230 Great Queen Street, Oct. 23 1753 5 (» ) Erased 1786. L. I. Fields 10 231 Balsover Street Not. 5 1753 ( ) Erased 2lst November 1745. Restored, and by request 232 Norwich Nov. 10 1753 omitted from List 5th February 1759. 233 Antigua 1753 ( ") Erased 27th July 1762. 234 Amsterdam Nov. 30 1753 235 Lancashire Dec. 20 1753 ('*) Erased 23rd April 1773. 236 Virginia Dec. 22 1753 (") Erased 17th Not. 1760. 237 King's Arms Great Tower Hill Feby. 9 1754 (») Erased 7th March 1747. 238 Mitre Union St. West- Mar. 2 1754 minster (") Erased 5th May 1757. Restored 31st Oct. 1757. 239 Chequers Norwich Mar. 4 1754 (22) Erased 11th Not. 1783. Restored 11th February 1784. 240 Carmarthen Oct. 24 1753 (=3) Erased 23rd Jan. 1764. 241 Bear Leman St. Good- Feby. 18 1754 man's Fields (») Erased 30th Not. 1752. 242 Swan Ramsgate March 8 1754 (») Erased 24th July 1755. Then meeting at the Ben Jonson's 243 Leeds Mar. 28 1754 Head (for assembling under the denomination of a Lodge of Ancient 244 Butcher St. Mar. 29 1751 Row, Masons). Clements 245 Star Aldersgate St. April 13 1754 (*) Warrant surrendered 24th June 1742 on joining No. 38. 2-16 Crown Without Cripplegate April 5 1754 (*9 Erased 23rd April 1773 (then meeting at the Isle of Wight). 247 Swan Westminster Bridge May 13 1754 (28) Erased 17th Not. 1760 and 27th Jan. 1768. 248 (57) June 7 1754 249 Lord Crayon's Carnaby Market June 24 1754 (®) Erased 29th Not. 1754 and 27th Jan. 1768. Arms (») Erased 1775-6. 250 Leicester Aug. 21 1754 251 Lowestoft Oct. 29 1754 («) Erased 28th April 1775. Restored 24th April 1776. 252 Chequers Charing X Nov. 2 1754 (») Erased 14th February 1758. 253 Redruth Feby. 14 1764 (») Erased 1781. 254 Crown Corner of St. An- Deo. 14 1754 M drews St. 7 Dials ( ) Warrant surrendered 26th February 1745, on joining No. 102. 255 King's Own Regt. Feby. 15 1755 (*) Erased 23rd April 1773. 256 St. Ann Square, Feb. 4 1755 Manchester (*) Erased 12th April 1780. 257 Ark Moore St. March 2 1755 (37) Vacant in all lists. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 57 LIST No. 14. List op Lodges 1756-69. A List of Regular Lodges according to their Seniority and Constitution by Order of the Grand Master. k Printed for and Sold by Benj Cole, Engraver and Copper Plate Printer, the Corner of King's-head Court, Holbonrne. (From Engraved List 1756.) Ho. Ho. mm* lute 175C No. Ho. mnd Xante 175C 040-55 Constituted 1740-55 Constituted 1 1 King's Arms St. Paul's Church- Time Immemorial 69 43 Angel Macclesfield, Che- 1731 yard shire 2 2 Horn Westminster 72 44 Three Tuns Smithfield Deo. 17th 1731 4 3 George & Dragon Grafton St. St. Jany.l7th 1721 73 45 Half Moon Cheapside Ann's 74 46 Salutation and Newgate St. Jan. 11th 1781 5 4 Braund's Head New Bond St. Jany. 19th 1721 Cat 6 5 Castle Tower St. Seven Jany. 28th 1721 75 47 King's Arms St Margaret's Hill, Feby. 2nd 1731 Dials Southwark 10 6 Fish and Bell Charles St. Soho Feby.27th 1722 76 48 King's Arms Leigh, in Lancashire Feby. 2nd 1731 Sqr. 78 49 A la Ville do Bue de Bouoheries, Apl. 3rd 1732 9 7 King's Arms New Bond Street Nov. 25th 1722 Tonerre Paris 8 8 Crown Leadenhall St. May — 1722 81 50 Turk's Head Greek St. Soho May 25th 1732 11 9 Dundee Arms Wapping New Stairs 1722 82 51 Dog St. James-market, June 21st 1732 12 10 Bunch of Grapes Chatham Moh. 28th 1723 Piccadilly 13 11 Head Wandsworth Mch. 30th 1723 84 52 Carlisle Castle Shoreditch July 12th 1732 14 12 The Anchor Rosemary Lane Apl. 1st 1723 91 53 London Bridge Punch House Sept. 8th 1732 18 13 Mourning Bash Aldersgate 1728 92 54 Virgin's Inn Derby Sept. 14th 1732 20 14 Baptists Head and Chancery Lane Aug. 4th 1723 93 55 Private Boom Bolton-le-Moore, Nov. 9th 1732 Anchor Lane. 21 15 Golden Anchor At ye Ballast Kay Sept. 11th 1723 97 56 Three Swans Winchester-street, Deo. 27th 1732 in E. Greenwich Salisbury 22 16 Bell Noble St. Sept. 18th 1723 99 57 City of Norwich Winford-street, near Feby. 17th 1732 23 17 Dog Garlick Hill 1723 Brick-lane, Spit- 24 18 Lion and Ball Gray's Inn Passage, Dec. 24th 1723 tlefields Bed Lion Square 100 58 Figure Chelsea Mar. 3rd 1732 27 19 Angel Norwich 1724 101 59 White Bear Bath May 18th 1733 28 20 Dolphin Chichester 1724 102 60 Cross Keys Henrietta-street, May 23rd 1733 31 21 Three Tans Portsmouth 1734 Covent-garden 34 22 Castle Lombard St. 103 61 Bed Lion Bury, Lane. July 26th 1733 35 23 Pope's Head Pope's Head Alley, Feby. 1724 104 62 Tolbut Stourbridge, Wor- Aug. 1st 1733 Cornhil cestershire 36 24 Son Lndgate Hill April 1725 105 63 Sun St. Pauls Church Deo. 27th 1733 38 25 King's Arms L., Gerrard St. 1725 Yard Rhinoceros and 109 64 The Swan Birmingham 1733 Cap 110 65 Royal Exchange Boston, New Eng. 1733 43 26 St. Albans St. Albans St. 1727 land 44 27 Three Fleur-de- St. Bernard St. 1727 111 66 Valenciennes French Flanders 1733 Laces Madrid 113 67 Masons Apron Plymouth 1734 49 28 Bed Cow West Smithfield 1728 98 68 Sampson and tho E. Smithfield, late Feby. 17th 1734 50 29 Horse Shoe Cannon St. in the 1728 Lion the Ship at ye Mint, Southwark Hermitage 51 30 Book of Gibraltar At Gibraltar Not. 1728 114 69 King's Head Nr. ye Watch House Jane 11th 1735 63 31 Lion Lynn Regis, Norfolk Oct. 1st 1729 H. Holborn 54 32 George and St. Mary Ax Jany. 22nd 1729 115 70 Head. Stewards L. Southampton St. Public Nights, 3d Dragon Coy. Garden Wed. in Mar. 55 33 Horn Fleet St. Jany. 24th 1729 and Dec. 66 34 Peacock King St. St. Mch. 25th 1730 116 71 In Holland 1735 James-square 117 72 Fencers Nr. Newcastle upon June 24th 1735 67 35 St. Book's Hill Near Chichester In the reign of Tyne Julius Caesar. 118 73 Castle At Aubigny in Aug. 12th 1735 61 36 Bed Cross Barbican May 22nd 1730 France 62 37 Two Figures At Putney July 17th 1730 123 74 Fountain High St. Bristol Nov. 12 1735 63 St Head Lincoln Sept. 7th 1730 124 75 Savannah In the province of 1735 65 39 Platter White Lion Yard, Jany. 26th 1730 Georgia Norton Folgate 126 76 Angel Colchester 1735 66 40 East Tndift ^rm| Bengali, East Indies 1730 127 77 Fountain Gateshead, Bishopric Mar. 8th 1735 67 41 Fox Castle St. South, 1730 Durham wark 128 78 Green Man Shrewsbury Apl. 16th 1736 68 42 Wind Mill Rosemary Lane 1780 129 79 Rising Sun Fashion St. Spittle- June 11th 1736 fields 58 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. No. Ho. ana Name 1756. No. Ho. an* Name 1756. 1T40-65 Constituted 1740-55 Constituted 131 80 Kings Head Norwich 1736 193 126 Port Royal Lodge Jamaica 1742 132 81 The Cobtorn By the old Dock, Jane 25th 1736 194 127 Angel Dolgelly, N. Wales Sept. 17th 1743 House L'Pool 196 128 St. George Emperors Court at Sept. 24th 1743 Aug. 133 82 Lion and Cock St. Michael's-alley, 16th 1736 Hamburgh Cornhill 195 129 Bull High Street, Bristol Mch. 20th 1743 134 83 Rose Edgebaston St. Bir- Sept. 20th 1736 197 130 New Lodge Copenhagen, Den- Oct. 25th 1745 mingham mark 135 84 Bell Friday St. Dec. 2nd 1736 208 131 St. Jago de laVego Jamaica Apl. 29th 1746 186 85 George and Ironmonger Land Dec. 21st 1736 198 132 The Bear Norwich May 9th 1747 Dragon 268 133 A New Lodge St. Enstatiug, Dutoh June 6th 1747 137 86 Fountain Bartholomew Lane, Dec. 31st 1736 Island, W. Indies late the Buffaloes 203 134 Pope's Head Plymouth May 1st 1748 Head 200 135 Mitre Plymouth June 15th 1748 138 87 Bine Posts Southampton Bids., Jany. 24th 1736 199 136 Queen's Head Norwich Jany. 5th 1748 Holborn 201 137 Bear Cambridge Mar. 31st 1749 139 88 Crown West Smithfield Feby. 14th 1736 202 138 Lodge of Orange At Rotterdam May 5th 1749 144 89 The Three Tuns Spittlefields Apl. 18th 1737 204 139 St. Martin's Lodge Copenhagen, Den- Oct. 9th 1749 147 90 Chapman's Coffee Sackyille St. Aug. 24th 1737 mark Honse 205 140 Three Tuns Norwich Jany. 9th 1749 148 91 Sugar Loaf Fleet St. Sept. 21st 1737 213 141 No. 1 at Minorca Feby. 9th 1750 149 92 Sun Milk St. Honey Lane Dec. 8th 1737 214 142 No. 2 at Minorca May 23rd 1750 Mkt. 215 143 No. 3 at Minorca June 24th 1750 150 93 Angel Shipton Mallet, Som- Dec. 12th 1737 206 144 St. Christopher Sandy Point July 20th 1750 mersetshire 207 145 The Unicorn Norwich Feby. 12th 1751 154 94 Parham Lodge Parham, Antigua Jany. 31st 1737 209 146 The King's Arms Falmouth May 20th 1751 157 95 The Swan Gloucester Mch. 28th 1738 210 147 Angel Gt. Yarmouth, Nor- June 6th 1751 158 96 Blaok Dog Shoreditch May 3rd 1738 folk 162 97 Black Cow Halifax, Torks. July 12th 1738 211 148 King's Head West Street, Graves- June 8th 1751 164 98 The Great Lodge St. John's, Antigua Nov. 22nd 1738 end 165 99 Pox Nr. the Sqr. Man- 1738 212 149 St Andrew's Cross The Sea Capt. Lodge, Aug. 29th 1751 chester near ye Hermitage 166 100 The Bed Lion Nottingham Court, Jany. 27th 1738 216 150 No. 4 Minorca Nov. 26th 1751 7 Dials 217 151 King's Arms Helston, Cornwall Apl. 14th 1752 167 101 Coach and Horses Watergate St. Feby. 1st 1738 260 152 St. John's Lodge Bridgetown, Barba- Apl. 23rd 1752 Chester does 168 102 Cushion St. Albans 218 153 Ship Leadenhall St. (late July 13th 1752 169 103 Bed Lion Hornechurch in Mar. 13th 1738 the Bell at Aid- Essex gate) 170 104 Bakers Lodge St. Mary's St. St. Mar. 14th 1738 219 154 Rainbow Coffee House in Com- Aug. 21st 1752 John's, Antigua hill 182 105 Kingston Jamaica Apl. 14th 1739 220 155 Masons' Arms Truro in Cornwall Sept 22nd 1752 172 106 K W and Figure PortsmouthCommon, Apl. 24th 1739 221 156 Chardenagore Te Chief French Set- Hampshire tlement, Bengal 174 107 Scotch Arms The Mother L. at St. June 21st 1739 222 157 At Madras in East Christopher, India seterre 223 158 At the Hague in 176 108 Crown and Ball Playhouse Yard, Aug. 24th 1739 Holland Blackfryers 261 159 St. Peter's Lodge Barbadoes Dec 15th 1752 177 109 Swan Shoe Lane Oct. 8th 1739 224 160 Blaok Boy Nottingham Jany. 7th 1753 178 110 King's Arms and Hyde Pk. Corner Oct. 25th 1739 225 161 Lion and Goat Grosvenor St. Feby. 24th 1753 Tun 226 162 Burton's Coffee Crane Court, near Mar. 5th 1753 179 111 Bed Cow Long Lane, West Deo. 7th 1739 House doctors commons Smithfield 227 163 Angel Piccadilly 180 112 King's Head In the Poultry Jany. 10th 1739 228 164 Lilly Tav. Guernsey May 10th 1753 187 113 PtRoom Lausanne, in ye Can- Feby. 2nd 1739 229 165 The Exchange Bristol Aug. 22nd 1753 ton of Berne, Swit- Tavern zerland 230 166 Queen's Head Great Queen St. Oct 23rd 1753 181 114 Three Lions Banbury, Oxford- Mar. 31st 1740 240 167 Three Crowns Carmarthen, S.W. Oct. 24th 1753 shire 231 168 King's Head Balsover St Caven- Nov. 5th 1753 183 115 The Ship James St. Covent June 26th 1740 dish Sqr. Garden 232 169 Castle and Lion White Lion Lane, Nov. 10th 1753 184 116 Mourning Bush Corn St. Bristol July 10th 1740 Norwich Tavern 233 170 Evangelist's 185 117 The 3rd Lodge Calcutta in East In. 1740 Lodge at Nov. 10th 1753 dia Antigua 186 118 St. Michael's Barbadoes 1740 234 171 At Amsterdam Nov. 30th 1753 Lodge 235 172 Rose and Crown Prescott, Lane. Dec. 20th 1753 119 Absalon At Hamburgh Oct. 23rd 1740 236 173 The Royal Ex- Borough of Norfolk, Deo. 22 1733 188 120 George and Whitehaven, Cum- Mch. 19th 1740 change Virginia Dragon berland 262 174 St. Paul's Lodge at Speight's Town in Jany. 31st 1754 189 121 The Castle and High St. Harerford. Apl. 14th 1741 Barbadoes Ship west, S. Wales 237 175 White Hart Mansel St. Good. Feby. 9th 1754 190 122 King's Arms Wellclose Square Apl. 13th 1742 man's Fids. 123 Old Road St. Christopher's June 17th 1742 253 176 Redruth in Corn- 192 124 Union of Angels Francfort in Ger- June 17th 1742 wall Feby. 14th 1754 many 241 177 Bear Lemon St. Good- Feby. 18th 1754 191 125 Three Hone Leominster, Here- Oct. 11th 1742 man's Fields Shoes ford THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 59 Ho. Ho. iff*.V«% abmI Mas** 175*. Constituted Constituted 288 178 Mitre Union St. Weatmstr. Mar. 2nd 1761 263 200 Admiral Vernon's North Audley St. June 17th 1766 299 179 Chequers All Saints, Norwich Mar. 4th 1754 Head Grosvenor Square 242 180 Swan Bamsgate in the Isle Mar. 8th 1764 264 201 Leg of Mutton St. Augustin's June 17th 1766 of Tbanet Pariah, City of 243 181 Parrot Cow Lane in Leeds Mar. 28th 1754 Norwich 244 182 Archer Butcher Bow, near Mar. 29th 1754 266 202 Lodge of Charity, Amsterdam June 24th 1766 St. Clements 203 Crow Cow Lane, Chester June 24th 1766 246 183 Crown Without Cripplegate Apl. 5th 1754 270 204 Lion Beocles in Suffolk July 14th 1765 246 184 Figure doctors commons Apt 13th 176* 206 Swan Tavern York Town, Virginia Aug. 1st 1766 247 186 Swan Westminster Bridge May 13th 1754 206 The Flower in Parish of St. Mary, Sept. 16th 1765 240 186 Ld. Craven Anna NearCarnabyMarket June 4th 1754 Hand Norwich 260 187 Pelican Leicester Aug. 21st 1754 207 Sunderland Near ye Sea, County Oct. 7th 1766 266 188 Bed House Cardiff Glamorgan, Aug. 1754 of Durham S.W. 208 The Grand Lodge Frederick in Not. 25th 1766 267 189 Bear Cow Bridge, Glamor. Sept. 1764 Hanover ganshire 209 Flume of Feathers Bridges St Chester Deo. 2nd 1766 209 190 No. 2 St. Eusta- Dutch Island, W.In- 1754 210 Princess of Wales's Cranbourn Alley, Jany. 20th 1766 tiofl dies Arms Leioester Fids. 261 191 Queen's Head Lowestoff in Suffolk Oct. 29th 1754 211 A Lodge In Capt. Bell's Troop Feby. 7th 1766 262 192 Chequers Charing Cross Nov. 2nd 1754 in the Bight Hon. 264 193 The two Spies King St. 7 Dials Deo. 14th 1754 Ld.Anoram's Begt. 266 194 Coffee House St. Ann's Square, Feby. 4th 1755 of Dragoons Manchester 212 The Sun and In Great Pulteney Feby. 26th 1766 265 195 No. 8 the King's Feby. 15th 1755 13 Cantoons St. Golden Square Own Begt. of 218 A Lodge At Wilmington, on Mar. 1766 Foot Cape Fear River, 267 196 Ark aad Dove Moore St. Mar. 2nd 1755 N. Carolina 258 197 Jack of Newberry Chiswell St. Apl. 6th 1755 214 White Lion Water St. Old Sham- Apl. 16th 1755 269 198 Stag St. James's St. May 5th 1755 bios, Liverpool 271 199 Ship and Castle Penzance, Cornwall June 14th 1755 215 The Lodge of At Amsterdam Sept. 23rd 1766 Peace End op 1756 List. EXTRACT FROM LIST FOR 1769. Those marked * are from an earlier List. Marked thus f from the 1761 List. 216 St. A Croix A Danish Island in 1756 236 The Swan The Sea Captain's Jany. 1st 1759 ye West Indies Lodge, at Tar- 217 Whito Horse Corner of New Bur- Deo. 2nd 1756 mouth, Norfolk lington St. 237 Bunch of Grapes Fore St. Plymouth Jany. 2nd 1759 218 Sea Captain's King's Head, High Jany. 14th 1757 Dock Lodge St. Sunderland 238 St. James's Lodge Barbadoes Mar. 20th 1768 219 Parish of St. Jamaica Feby. 17th 1757 86 239 Union Lodge New Coffee House 1732 Mary's and Tavern, Exeter 220 Nag's Head Vine St. Bristol Feby. 17th 1757 240 The Sun Newton Abbot, Mar. 17th 1759 221 Parliament Coffee In Parliament St Feby. 14th 1757 Devonshire House 241 Angel West Town of Cre- Apl. 21st 1759 Star Lynn Regie, Norfolk Feby. 21st 1757 diton, Devonshire Dore and Branch Parish of St. Law- Mar. 23rd 1757 242 Tree Portsmouth Common Apl. 21st 1759 rence, Norwich 243* Square and Com- Barnard Castle, Apl. 21st 1759 224 Providence Lodge In Rhode Island Jan. 18th 1757 passes Durham The Cock New Castle-upon- Oct. 13th 1757 244 Crown Pescot St. Windsor June 6th 1769 Tyne 245 The Temple Lodge Bristol July 2nd 1769 Feathers King St. Seven dials May 4th 1757 246 Lebeck & Figure Strand Aug. 24th 1759 227 The Sun Sbadwell Oct. 31st 1767 247 Prince George L. Georgo Town, Win- 1743 The Lodge of Amsterdam Nov. 21st 1757 yaw, S. Carolina Regularity 248 The Union Lodge Charles Town, May 3rd 1755 Bedford Head Southampton St. Deo. 20th 1757 S. Carolina Covent Gdn. 249 A Masters Lodge Charles Town, Mar. 22nd 1766 230 St. Michael's In Dutchy of Meck- May 15th 1754 S. Carolina Lodge lenburg 250 Port Royal At Beaufort, Port Sept. 15th 1766 231 Cock St Maryfe, Norwich Feby. 18th 1758 Roval, Carolina 232 Pope's Head South Side St. Mch. 1st 1758 251f Solomon's L. Charles Town, 1735 Plymouth S. Carolina Duke of Beaufort On the Quay, Bristol Mch. 8th 1758 252* The Bull In Mighton's Gate Aug. 20th 1759 234 Lodge At Bombay, IS. Mch. 24 1758 at Hull Indies 253 King's Head Canterbury Jany. 14th 1760 236 Corinthian Lodge Thistle and Crown, Aug. 6th 1758 254 Private Room At Te Queene of Jany. 16th 1760 Bussell Ct. Bohemia's Head, Drury Lane Wych St. St. Clementa 60 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Constituted Constituted 255 St. Andrew's The Mariner's 305 Lodge at ye Hall Burnley, in Lanca- Oct. 9 1763 Cross Lodge, nr ye shire Hermitage oUOOftf* Union Lodge Ben Jonson's Head, Nov. 7 1763 256* Three Crowns Guernsey Goodman's yard, 257 Guy, Earl of Grays Inn Lane Not. 27th 1760 Great Minories Warwick 307 Royal Meoklen. At Cock, in New St. Nov. 28 1763 258 Golden Lion Leeds, Yorkshire Jany. 8th 1761 burgh Lodge Westminster 259* Punch Bowl Stonegate, York Jany. 12th 1761 308 Saracen's Head Chelmsford, Essex Jan. 18 1764 Lodge Amity the Kiver 260 Caledonian At the Ship, Lead- Mar. 9 1761 309 Lodge of Up Belise,, Sep. 21 1763 enhall St. Bay of Honduras 261 Compasses Whitehaven, Cum- May 4th 1761 310 Eagle East. St. Gravesend Mar. 4 1764 berland 311 Royal Edwin Lime Regis, Dorset- Apl. 6 1764 262 Granby's-head In the Town and May 8th 1761 Lodge shire port of Dover 312 Door to Virtue Heldesham, in Ger- Dec. 27 1762 263 Sun Darlington, Yorks. June 19th 1761 many 264 Spread Eagle Wisbech,Cambridge- Aug. 8th 1761 313 Royal Lodge Thatcht House, St. April 4 1764 shire James St. 265# Three Crows Union St. Ports- Aug. 20th 1761 314 Yertruvian Lodge Swan and Falcon, May 8 1764 mouth Common Ross, Hereford- 266 The Union L. At Crow Lane, Sept. 17th 1761 shire Bermuda 315 St. George's Lodge Taunton,' Somerset. July 13 1764 267* Kingston upon Hull Oct. 27th 1761 shire 268 All Saints Lodge Wooler, Northum- Jany. 1st 1762 316 Swan Kendal, Westmore- July 31 1764 berland land 269 St. George's L. Bear Inn, Exeter Jany. 20th 1762 317 Half Moon Harwich Aug. 9 1764 318 Nag's Head Lymington, Hamp- Aug. 16 1764 270 Green Man Ipswich, Suffolk Jany. 21st 1762 shire 271 Royal Frederiok Rotterdam Jany. 25th 1762 319 Ship Feversham Aug. 28 1764 272 No. 2 St. John's L. Ann St. New York Deo. 27th 1757 320 Salutation Topsham,DeTonshire»Aug. 30 1764 273 George and the Digbeth St. Bir- Feby. 23rd 1762 321 Globe St. Saviour's Churchi Oct. 23 1764 Dragon mingham yd, Sonthwark 274 A Private Rm. At Appledore, De- Mar. 18th 1762 322 The Club Inn Isle of Ely, Cam- Oct. 23 1764 vonshire bridgeshire «<»v, 275 The 8th Lodge Calcutta, E. Indies Feby. 7th 1761 328* Fountain At Hel in Hamps.• Nov. 7 1764 276 Hole in the Wall Colne, Lancashire 324 Pons Coffee House Castle< St. Leicester 1768 277 The Merchant's L. Quebec Mar. 2nd 1762 Fields 278# The Bell Portsmouth Common May 8th 1762 325 Half Moom Cheapside, ye Cale- Nov. 15 1764 279 Somerset House At ye King's Arms, May 22nd 1762 donian Lodge Lodge New Bond St. 326 Swann Inn Bridgewater, Somer-. Deo. 4 1764 280 Globe High St. Salop May 28th 1762 setshire 281 The Fleece Barnstaple, Devonsh May 28th 1762 327 Three Compasses Free School St. Deo. 11 1764 282 East India Arms at Deal June 8th 1762 Horslydown 283 Dukes-head Lynn Regis, Norfolk June 9th 1762 328 Rose Sittingbourn, Kent 284 La Loge des Frere Amsterdam June 16th 1762 829 Crown Swafham, in Norfolk Deo. 17 1764 Beunis 330 Angel Minories Jan. 8 1765 285 The Lodge of In- Gibraltar July 12th 1762 331 Horn Doctors Commons, Jan. 29 1765 habitants French Lodge 286 St. David's Lodge, Holywell, North 332 Boar's Head Lodge At the Fountain, Jan. 29 1765 Eagle and Child Wales Snow Hill 287 Half Moon At Ottley, in Yorksh. Aug. 16th 1762 333 Mourning Bush Aldersgate Jan. 29 1765 288 Virtutis et Artes Amsterdam Sept. 16th 1762 334 Dolphin Lambs Conduit Pas- Jan. 22 1765 Amici sage, Holborn 289 Green Dragon Workington, Cum- Sept. 22nd 1762 335 George andDragon Warder St. Soho, Mar. 13 1765 berland Operative Masons 290 Griffin Hereford Oct. 12th 1762 336 Black Horse In Shug Lane Mar. 22 1765 291 King's Arms Inn Portsmouth, Hampsh Nov. 2nd 1762 337 Bell Brecon, S. Wales 292 Plume of Feathers Market Place, Not- Jan. 31 1763 338 Lion and Lamb Pool, Dorsetshire April 1 1765 tingham 839 Stag Corinthian Lodge in April 16 1765 293 Sun Inn University Lodge, Mar. 1763 the Strand Cambridge 340 Rose & Crown Sheffield April 19 1765 294* Crown Inn Rochester Mar. 17 1763 341 At Alorst in Flanders June 5 1765 295 Black Bull Hexham, Northum- Mar. 8 1763 342 Rose and Crown Coventry June 20 1765 berland 343 Queen's Head Chelsea June 29 1765 Chippenham Lodge May 1763 344 Red Lion Rye in Sussex July 10 1765 of Perfect Union 345 Flask? Chelsea July 17 1765 297 Blue Bell Richmond, Yorkshire May 1763 346 The Lodge at in Baltimore, Mary- Aug. 8 1766 298 Bear Havant, Hampshire 1763 Joppa land 299 St. Mark's Lodge South Carolina February 8 1763 347 La Sagesse St. At the Grenadoes May 1 1764 300 Lodge of Regu- Black River, Mus- Mar. 8 1763 Andrew larity queta Shore 348 Greyhound & Bath Sep. 20 1766 301 City of London Dover Aug. 2 1763 Shakspere 302 Private Boom Stubbington, near Aug. 6 1763 349 Lodge No. 1 St. Helary, Jersey Titcbfield, Hants 350 New Inn Milksham, Wilts Dec. 7 1765 303 Seven Stars Parish of St. Thomas, Aug. 10 1763 351 At Tortoba and Dec. 21 1765 Exeter Beef Island 304 Castle Dun Cow Lane, Sept. 8 1763 352 Lingham's Coffee Nov. 8 1765 Durham House — ' THE FOUE OLD LODGES. 61 Constituted Constituted 853 Lodge No. 1 Hoop Fair ot. Homey. July 4 17o7 Madras down 354 Lodge No. 2 4AJU i>ritisn union Kotteraam Aug. l 1707 Madras jviog b xieaa Hampstead Aug. 5 1767 iAQ 355 Lodge No. 3 Three Pillars Rotterdam Aug. 21 1767 Madras 4UoAI\Q. Rl. Wh. Hart L. Halifax, N. Carolina Aug. 17oy 356 Lodge No. 1 Benooolen AfiA Crown & Anchor Tarn again Lane, Sep. 11 1767 357 Blue Boar Norwich Snow Hill 358 Bed Lion Fakenham, Norfolk 405 Castle Dartmouth, Devon Sep. 15 1767 359 Lodge of Persever Amsterdam Justice In the Mint Oct. 18 1767 anoe 4*// L. of Amity Canton in China 360 Ship St. Ires, Cornwall July 16 1765 4UC5 Vine All Soul's Lodge, Oot. 24 1767 861 Crown and George Wakefield, York. Feb. 15 1766 Tiverton, Devon shire 409 George George Yard, Lom- Nov. 27 1767 362 King's Arms Punch House, Shad Feb. 22 1766 bard St. Thames Cornubian Ledge Lauoce8ton, Corn- Deo. 15 1767 English Lodge at Mar. 8 1766 wall ill Bordeaux 411 Castle Long Alley, Moor Deo. Id have met since Fields the year 1732 Lodge of St. Am. St. Albans Dec. 21 1767 864 Crown Operative Masons, May 17 1766 phibalus Crown St. West- 413 White Lion Mansfield Jan. 8 1768 minster 414 Monmouth Jan. 27 1768 865 Dolphin Shoreham April 18 1766 415 LordBoston1 sArms Holyhead, Flintshire Jan. 25 1768 366 Black Lyon Greenwich May 26 1766 416 White Lion Builders L., Shadwell Feb. 8 1768 367 White Hart Lewis in Sussex May 29 1766 Market 368 Swan Oxford Road Jane 23 1766 417 Royal York of tho At Berlin Middle June 24 1767 Recruiting Ser. Carlisle Aug. 1 1766 Friendship Mark of Brander- jeant 370 New Coffee House Exeter Aug. 6 1766 418 Marlborough Marlborough Street Mar. 6 1768 871 Pewter Platter Norton Folgate July 26 1766 Coffee House 872 Union Lodge Prinoes St. Bristol Sep. 9 1766 419 Le Victoire Rotterdam Mar. 17 1768 873 King's Head Islington Sep. 10 1766 420 Castle Kingston-upon- Mar. .24 1768 874 Black Horse Oxenden St. Hay- Sep. 16 1766 Thames market 421 Sun Lodge of Per- Bristol Mar. 28 1768 375 Le Lodge deSa- Normandie Oct. 8 1766 petual Friendship gesse a Havre 422 Sun Ludgate St. April 9 1768 876 Crown and Anohor Constitd ye Lodge of June 16 1766 423 L. of Sincerity Golden Anchor, April 23 1768 Lodge Immortality in ye Artichoke Lane Strand 424 Jerusalem Lodge Rupert St. Leicester May 12 1768 377 Ship-Masters1 Valiant Soldier, Oct. 31 1766 Fields Lodge without South, 425 Windsor Castle Hammersmith May 21 1768 gate, Exeter 426 H.M. 24th Regt. AtGibralter June 11 1768 378 St. Nicholas Newcastle upon Not. 29 1766 of Foot, Genl. Lodge Tyne Cornwallis 379 Sion Lodge North Shields 427 The Constant City of Gand, Flan- July 1768 380 Crown and Thistle Near Tower Hill Deo. 4 1766 Union ders 381 Star Watergate St. Ches- Nov. 28 1766 428 St. Christophers July 1768 ter 429 Castle Marlborough July 1768 382 Rose and Crown Lodge of Peace Dec. 19 1766 430 St. Marys Island Scilly July 13 1768 Thames St. 431 Kings Arms Black Wall Sept. 13 1768 383 King's Arms Bennet St. South- Feb. 9 1767 432 Grange Inn Carey St. Lincoln's Oct. 30 1768 wark Inn Fields 384 Castle Holborn Feb. 16 1767 433 Lodge of Perfect In his Sicilian Ma- 385 Golden Fleece Nr. the Market Cross, 1767 Union jesty's Regt. of Manchester Golden Lion Chatham FeT>. 17 1767 434 Lodge Esperance Turks Head, Gerrard 387 Stag Folkstone, in Kent Mar. 16 1767 St. Soho At Grenoble in Mar. 18 1767 435 Coach Makers Noble St. Nov. 1 1768 France j Arms Admiral Hawke Jerusalem Lodge, Ap. 1767 436 Sun Lodge Flushing Feb. 3 1769 Bristol 437 Lodge of Hope Queen's Head, Mary Feb. 6 1769 390 The Constitution Bedford St. Cov. Ap. 11 1767 le Bon Garden 438 White Lion and Southwark Mar. 1 1769 391 Crown Silver St. Golden 1767 Frying Pan Square 439 Exeter Inn Teignmonth, Devon Mar. 24 1769 392 Blue Posts Peter St. Westmin- May 21 1767 440 White Swan Facing Old Gravel April 4 1769 ster Lane 393 Three Lyons Marborbugh in 441 Ship Ratcliffe Highway April 11 1769 Hessia 442 Rl. George Lodge Newton Abbott April 20 1769 394 Sun and Punch Holborn June 17 1767 ' 443 Star Swansea April 24 1769 Bowl 444 Well Chosen L. Naples April 26 1769 395 Lodge of Unity Black Raven, South- June 18 1767 445 Lodge of Virtue Sadlers Arms, Bath June 6 1769 wark 446 Kings Head Merton, Surrey June 28 1769 Carlisle Arms Queen St. Soho June 26 1767 I 447 Lodge of Hospi- Shakspere, King St. Aug. 12 1769 397 British Society L. Newman St. Soho June 28 1767 tality Bristol Crown at New. Newcastle under line June 30 1767' 448 Bacchus Hallifax Aug. 18 1769 oastle under 449 Horns Gutter Lane, Cheap- line side 62 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. LIST No. 15. Lodge Numbers 1770-80. A new and correct List of all the Regular Lodges according to the dates of their Constitution, by order of the Grand Master. London : Printed for and Sold by William Cole, Engraver, and Copper Plate Printer, No. 109 Newgate-street. (From Engraved List 1770.) Ho. Ho. and Isae 1770. No. Jf<•.and Ma Constituted 1756-40 Constituted L. of Antiquity, Mitre, Fleet Street, Time Immem. 50 41 Ark Lodge, Percy's Coffee 'House, May 25 1732 formerly Goose and Gridiron, St. Rathbone Place Pauls Church Yard 52 42 Bacchus, Hozton Town June 12 1732 2 2 Old Home L., The Fleece, Tothil St. Time Immem. 51 43 King's Arms, Marylebone Street, June 21 1732 Westminster Piccadilly 3 3 L. of Friendship, Star and Garter, New Jan. 17 1721 53 44 Cock and Lion, St. Michael's Alley, Sept 8 1782 Bond St. Cornhill 4 4 Crown and Bolls, Chancery Lane Jan. 19 1721 54 45 Royal Oak, Derby Sept. 14 1732 5 5 Tyrian L., The Talbot, Tottenham Jan. 1721 55 46 Anchor and Hope L., Bolton-le- Nor. 9 1732 Court Road Moor, Lancashire 6 6 L. of Fortitude, Roe Back, Oxford St. Feb. 27 1722 56 47 Sarum L., Three Swans, Salisbury Dee. 27 1732 7 7 Kings Arms, New Bond St. Not. 25 1722 239 48 Whito Swan Inn, Exeter 1732 3 3 Ionic L., White Horse, David St. Gros- 1722 59 49 White Hart, Bath May 18 1783 renor St. 60 50 L. of Freedom, Mitre, Fleet St, May 28 1738 g 9 Dundee Arms L. (P. Bm.), Bed Lion 1722 near Temple Bar St. Wapping 61 51 Old Hare and Hounds, Bury, July 26 1733 10 10 Post Office, Chatham March 28 1723 Lancashire 11 11 Kings Arms, Wandsworth March 30 1723 63 52 The Sun, St. Paul's Church Yard Deo. 27 1738 12 12 Three Crowns, East Smithfield April 1 1723 64 53 King's Head, New St., Birmingham 178S 18 13 Mourning Bush L., Paul's Head, Cat- 1723 65 54 Royal Exchange, Boston in New 1788 eaton St. England 14 14 Anchor and Baptist Head L., Crown Aug. 1 1723 66 55 Valenciennes, French Flanders 1738 and Bolls, Chancery Lane, No. 2 67 56 Oxford Inn, Plymouth Dock Jan. 26 1734 15 15 Golden Anchor, Ballast Key, East Sept. 11 1723 68 57 Strong Man, East Smithfield, late the Feb. 17 1734 Greenwich Ship, at Hermitage 16 16 Globe L., Crown and Bolls, Chan. Sept. 18 1723 77 58 The Swan, Wolverhampton March 8 1735 eery Lane 69 59 Coach and Horses, High Holborn June 11 1735 17 17 White Swan, Whiteoross Street Oct. 20 1723 70 60 Stewards L., The Horn, Fleet Street 18 18 United Traders, Pewter Plater, Cross Deo. 24 1723 Publio Nights 3rd Wednesday in March and Deoember St. Hatton Garden 72 61 Lodge at Dorothy Jones's in 8wallwall, June 24 1735 19 19 Thatcht House, Norwich, St. Laurence 1724 near Newcastle-upon-Tyne Parish 74 62 Soloman's L., Charles Town, South 1785 21 20 Three Tuns, Portsmouth 1724 Carolina 22 21 Castle L., Crown, Bow Lane Jan. 22 1724 75 63 Savannah, in the Province of Georgia 1735 23 22 Queen's Head, Stocton-upon-Tees, Feb. 2 1724 76 64 The Angel, Colchester 1735 Durham 79 65 Riseing Sun, Fashion St., June 11 1786 24 23 The Globe, Fleet Street April 1725 * Spittlefields 25 24 Cross Keys, Henrietta St. Covent May 25 1725 80 66 King's Head, Norwich 1736 Garden 81 67 Custom House, by the Old Dock, June 25 1736 26 25 St. Alban, St. Alban Street Jan. 31 1727 Liverpool 28 26 The Crown, Little Cranbourn Alley 1728 82 68 Globe, Tichfield St. Aug. 16 1736 29 27 White Swan, Elephant Stairs, Ro- 1728 83 69 Swan, Wolverhampton Sept. 20 1736 therhithe 84 70 Half Moon, Cheapside Deo. 2 1736 80 28 St. Johns L. at Gibraltar March 9 1729 85 71 The Star, Coleman St. Dec. 21 1736 91 29 White Lion, Lynn Regis, Norfolk Oct 1 1729 94 72 Parham L., Parham, Antigua Jan. 31 1737 88 80 The Castle, Quaker St. Spittle Fields Jan. 26 1730 89 73 Three Tuns, Spittlefields April 18 1737 84 31 Lord Arrons Arms, New Bond St. March 25 1730 90 74 Braund's Head, New Bond St. Aug. 24 1737 86 32 Red Cross, Barbican May 22 1730 91 75 Talbot Inn in the Strand Sept. 21 1737 87 83 White Lion at Putney July 17 1730 92 76 Sun, Milk Lane, Honey Lane Market Deo. 8 1787 41 84 Old Magpie, Bishopsgate Street 1730 100 77 L. of Relief with Truth, The Three Jan. 27 1788 42 85 Windmill, Rosemary Lane 1780 Compasses, High Holborn 46 86 Salutation and Cat, Newgate St. Jan. 11 1731 101 78 Coach and Horses, Northgate St. Feb. 1 1788 47 87 King's Head, Borough High Street Feb. 2 1731 Chester 44 88 Jerusalem L.j Clerkenwell Deo. 17 1781 104 79 Baker's L., St. John's, Antigua March 14 1788 57 39 Vine Tavern, West Oowes, Isle of Feb. 17 1732 96 80 The Crown, Prince's St. Lothbury May 8 1788 Wight 97 81 Old Cook, Halifax, Yorkshire July 12 1788 58 40 White Swan, Chelsea March 8 1732 98 82 The Great L., St. John's, Antigua Nor. 22 1738 W THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 63 nd luie 1770. No no* ml Q AAnte 177W* Constituted 1756-88 Constituted 99 83 The Fox, near the Square, Manchester 1738 176 139 Private Room, Redruth, Cornwall Feb. 14 1754If ov •t on 112 84 Denmark L., Denmark Tav. Aidgate Jan. 10 7 178 140 Rose and Crown, Crown St. West- March 2 17KAX/04 105 85 Mother L., Kingston, Jamaica April 14 minster 107 86 Mother L., Scotch Arms, St. Christo- Jane 21 17**QXf «K7 179 141 Black Boy, North Cornsford, Norwich March 4 UUd D, 11DIU All IIHBDDVCI I 181 142 The Parrott, Leeds March 28 17*41/04 108 87 Grown and Ball, Playhouse Yard, Aug. 21 1739 182 143 Three Tuns, at Cambridge March 29 17*4 Black Fryers 183 144 Angel and Porter, Golden Lane, near April 5 x1 7*4./O* 109 88 Bast India Arms, John St. Blacks Oct. 8 1739 Barbican Fields, Horselydown 184 145 Marquis of Granby's Head, Southwark April 13 17*4 110 89 AJUvUiWioAltv»mA.rlA AlA tmtihUIO| kJUUvURnnfch AUUAtmIIavICY kJw.Sf, Oct. 25 1739 230 146 St. Michaels L., in the City of May 15 1754X/ trM 111 90 TPhilanT/.Vimnin L OnAAn'n TTaa/1 Dec. 7 1739 Schwerin, in the Dutchy of Meck- IrrA^'ii Tnn (ta(m Tfnllmrn linburgh 115 91 Shin .Turn mi flfc C/OVftnti O&nlAn June 26 1740 186 147 Three Compasses and Bowl, Silver June 4 1754 116 92 Fountain TTicrh Sfc "Rrintnl July 10 WW St., Golden Square 117 93 The 3rd L., Calcutta, E. India 1 7.1ft 188 148 The Bear, Cardiffe, Glamorgan, S. Aug. 1754X/ fnt 118 94 St. Michael's L. in Barbadoes X/w17JJ1 Wales 121 95 Tyrian L., Three Cranes, Haverford April 14 1741 189 149 The Bear, Cow Bridge, Glamorgan- Sept. 1754 West, S. Wales shire 122 96 Two Chairmen, Little Warwick St.' April 13 1742 190 150 No. 2, at St. Eustatius, Dutch 1764 Charing Cross Island, West Indies 123 97 Old Road, St. Christopher's June •17 174.2X t'r£t 191 151 The Crown, Loetoffe in Suffolk Oct. 29 1754 124 98 The Union, Frankfort in Germany June 17 17.19X t'ta 192 152 Chequers, Charing Cross Nov. 2 17*4X / 126 99 Port Royal L., Jamaica 1742 193 153 Ancient French Lodge, White Swan, Dec. 14 1754 127 100 The Angel, Dolgelly, in Merioneth- Sept. 17 l/IO Grafton St. shire, North Wales 194 154 Crompton's Coffee House, Manchester Feb. 4 1755 247 101 Prince George L. in George Town, 1743X/**0 211 155 L. in Capt. Bell's Troop in the Rt. Hon. Feb. 7 1755 Winyaw, S. Carolina Lord Ancram's Regt. of Dragoons 131 102 St. Jago de la Vigo, Jamaica April 29 1746 195 156 No. 8 the Kings own Regt. of Foot Feb. 15 1755X # uo 132 103 The Angel, Norwich May 9 174.7x/ *»/ 196 167 Three Kings, Orange St. Bloomsbury March 2 1755 183 104 A new L., St. Eustatius, Dntoh Island, June 6 174.7 213 158 L. at Wilmington, on Cape Fear River, March 17*#% W. India Province of N. Carolina 136 105 Maid's Head, Norwich Jan. 5 174R 197 159 Jack of Newbury, Chiswell Street April 5 1755Xf ou 134 106 Prince George at Plymouth May 1 x174ft/ to 2W 160 Hope and Anchor, Cabel St. Liverpool April 15 17*5j. too 140 107 The Sun, St. Peter's, Mancroft, Jan. 9 1749 248 161 Union L., Charles Town, S. Carolina May 3 1755 Norwich 198 162 L. of Regularity, Horse Shoe, Jermyn May 6 Xf UV 141 106 2nd L. in Boston, New England, at the Feb. 15 174QXf 4i7 St. British Coffee Honse in King St. 199 163 The Star, Penzance in Cornwall June 14 1755 109 No. 1 at Halifax, in Nora Scotia 1749 200 164 Royal Oak, Great Earl Street, Seven June 17 1755 187 110 King's Head Inn, Cambridge March 31 1749 Dials 142 111 Marble Head L., at Massachuset's May 25 1750 201 165 Duke St. Bennet, Norwich June 17 1766 Bay, New England 203 166 Three Black Birds, Foregate St. June 24 1755 144 112 St. Christopher's, at Sandy Point July 20 1750X f uv Chester , 148 113 New Haven L., in Connecticut, New Not. 17*0,1/uv 205 167 The Swan, York Town, Virginia Aug. 1 1755X f oo England 206 168 The Twins, Norwich Sept. 10 17*5X # 90 145 114 King and Miller, St. Bennet, Norwich Feb. 12 1751 207 169 Golden Lion, High St. Sunderland, Oct. 7 1756 212 115 Crown and Anchor in the Strand Feb. 26 1761 Durham 146 116 King's Arms, Falmouth May 20 1751 208 170 Grand L. Frederick, Hanover Nov. 25 1765 147 117 The Angel, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk June 6 1751 209 171 Bull and Dog, Chester Dec. 2 1755 148 118 King's Head, West Street, Gravesend June 8 1751 210 172 The Swan, Riders Court, Cranbourn Jan. 20 1756 149 119 Sea Captains' L., King's Head, Fen- Aug. 29 1751 Alley, Leicester Fields church Street 249 173 A Masters 1 L., Charlestown, March 22 1756 151 120 King's Arms, Helston, in Cornwal April 14 1752 South Carolina 152 121 St. John's L., Bridge Town. Island of April 23 X17*2f 0£i 250 174 Port Royal L., Carolina Sept. 15 1756 Barbadoes 216 175 St. A Croix, Danish Island, West Indies 1756 154 122 The George, corner of Maggot's court, Aug. 21 17*2Xf 217 176 White Horse, corner of New Burling- Deo. 2 1756 Piccadilly ton St. 156 123 At Chardenagore, Chief French Settle- 218 177 Sea Captain's L., Kings Head, High Jan. 14 1757x tot ment, Bengal, E. India St. Sunderland 157 124 At Madras, East India 224 178 Providence L., Rhode Island Jan. 18 1767 169 125 St. Peter's L., Island of Barbadoes Deo. 15 1752 221 179 Parliament Coffee House, Parlia- Feb. 14 1767Xf Of 161 126 Lion and Goat, Grosvenor Street Feb. 24 1753 ment St. 162 127 Crown and Horseshoe, corner of March 5 1753 219 180 Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica Feb. 17 1767 Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn 222 181 The Scar at Linn Regis, Norfolk Feb. 21 1757 163 128 White Hart, Shug Lane 223 182 The Dove, Parish of St. Laurence, March 23 1757 164 129 Lilly Tavern, Guernsey May 10 1753 Norwich 165 180 3 Tans, Corn Street, Bristol Aug. 22 1753 226 183 Feathers, King St. 7 Dials May 4 1757 166 131 The Vine in High Holborn Oct. 23 1753 225 184 St. John's L. (P. Room), Newcastle- Oct. 13 1757 167 132 Shakespeare, Carmarthen, S. Wales Oct. 24 1753 upon-Tyne 168 133 King's Head, Princes St., Cavendish Nov. 5 1753 227 185 The Sun, Shadwell Oct. 31 1757 Square 229 186 Lodge of Rectitude, Coach Maker's Dec 20 1757 169 134 The Bear in the Market, Norwich Nov. 10 1753 Arms, Long Acre 170 135 Evangelist's L., Antigua Nov. 10 1753 272 187 No. 2, St. John's L., Ann St. New Dec. 27 1767 172 136 Royal Oak at Prescot, Lancashire Deo. 20 1763 York 178 137 Royal Exchange, Borough of Norfolk, Dec. 22 1753 231 188 Flower in Hand, Parish of St. Mary, Feb. 18 1758 Virginia Norwich 175 138 Marlborough L.,Bowl and Pin, Thames 232 189 Pope's Head, South Side St. Plymouth March 1 1758 St. 233 190 Duke of Beaufort, on the Quay, March 8 1768 Bristol 1 64 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Vow Ho. and Hame 1T70. No. Ho. a a* Hame mo- 1756-09 Constituted 1756-79 Constituted 238 191 St. James's Lodge, Barbadoes March 20 1758 313 251 Royal L., Thatched House, St. James April 4 1764 234 192 L- of Bombay, East Indies March 24 1758 St., late the new L. at the Aug. 1758 Horn 235 193 Corinthian L. f Thistle and Crown, 6 311 252 Royal Edwin L>, Lyme Regis, Dorset April 6 1764 236 194 Sea Capts. L., Jan. 1750 347 253 La Stages** St. Andrews, Granadoes May 1 1764 L. Bees, Herefordshire May 3 1764 237 195 Marine L., Bunch of Grapes, Fore St. Jan. 1759 314 254 Vitrurian , Plymouth Dock 315 255 St. George L., Taunton July 13 1764 240 196 Bun, Newton Abbott, Devonshire March 17 1759 316 256 Swan, Kendall, Westmoreland July 31 1764 241 197 Angel, West Town of Crediton, Deron April 21 1759 317 257 Half Moon, Harwich Aug. 9 1764 244 198 Crown, Prescot St. Windsor June 6 1759 318 258 Nag's Head, Lymimztoti, Hants Aug. 16 1764 245 199 Temple Lodge, 3 Queens, Thomas St. July 2 1759 319 259 The Ship, Faversham Aug. 28 1764 Bristol 320 260 Salutation, TopBham, Devon Aug. 30 1764 246 200 Feathers in the Strand Aug. 24 1759 321 261 King's Arms, St. Margaret's Hill, Oct. 23 1764 253 201 King's Head, Canterbury Jan. 14 1760 South wark 254 202 Queen of Bohemia's Head, Wyoh St. Jan. 16 1760 The Club Inn, Isle of Ely, Cambridge- Oct. 23 1764 SL Clements shire 255 203 Mariners L., St. Andrews, nr. the Her. 325 263 Caledonian Lodge, Half Moon, Cheap- Not. 15 1764 mitaga aide 257 204 Guy Earl of Warwick, Gmy's Ion Lane Nov. 27 1760 326 264 Dec. 4 1764 Dec. 11 1764 258 205 Golden Lion, nr. the Bridge at Leeds Jan. 8 1761 327 265 r, Goodman's Fields 328 266 Boso, Sittingboum, Kent 286 206 St. Dayid's L. f Eagle and Child, and Jan. 13 1761 Holywell. N. Wales. 329 267 Ciiiwn, Swattiara, Norfolk Deo. 17 1764 Jan. 275 207 The 8th L. at Calcutta Feb. 7 1761 330 268 Angel, Minories 8 1765 260 208 Caledonian L., Boar's Head, East- March 9 1761 334 269 Bine Lion nod Ball, Red Lion Square Jan. 22 1765 L., Horn, Doctors Commons Jan. 29 1764 cheap . 331 270 French 261 209 Square and Compasses, Whitehaven May 4 1761 332 271 Cock, Snow Hill Jan. 29 1765 263 210 Sdn, Darlington, Yorkshire June 19 1761 333 272 Tuscan L, Fountain, Snow Hill Jan. 29 1765 Mar. 13 266 211 Union L., Crow Lane, Bermuda Sept. 17 1761 335 273 Operative Mason a, George, Wardour- 1765 268 212 All Saints' L., Wooler, Northumber- Jan. 1 1762 Streat, Soho land 336 274 Black Hori«e, Shag Lane Mar. 22 1765 April 1 213 St. George's L., Bear, Exeter Jan. 20 1762 338 275 Lion and Lamb, Pool in Dorsetshire 1765 L. Bart, Strand April 16 1765 270 214 Green Man, Ipswich Jan. 21 1762 339 276 Corinthian t White 271 215 Boyal Frederick, Rotterdam Jan. 25 1762 340 277 Crown and Hose, Sheffield April 19 1765 276 216 Hole in the Wall, Colne, Lane. Feb. 4 1762 341 278 At Alorst, Flanders June 6 1765 20 273 217 George, Digbeth St. Birmingham Feb. 23 1762 342 279 White Horse, Coventry June 1765 274 218 A Private Boom, Appledore, Deron. March 8 1762 343 280 Qaeeni Head, Chelsea June 29 1765 shire 344 281 Red Lion, Rye in Snflaer July 10 1765 279 219 oubc L., the King's May 22 1762 357 282 Blue Boar, Norwich Arms, New Bond St. 358 283 Red Lion, Fakenham, Norfolk July 16 1765 277 220 L., Quebec 1762 360 284 Ship, St. Ives, Cornwall July 221 St. Andrew's L. Quebec 345 285 Dukes Head, Robinson's Lane, Chelsea 17 1765 t August 8 1765 222 St. Patrick's Lodge, Quebec 346 286 L* at Joppn, Baltimore GL, Maryland 20 223 A L. at Montreal 348 287 G rev hound and Shakespeare, Bath Sept. 1765 224 On Board H M S. Caneonas,at Quebec 349 288 L. No. 1„ St, Hilary, Jersey Nov. 8 1765 225 Select L., Quebec 352 289 Wool pack, Warrington, Lane 226 In the 52cd Begt. of Foot, at Qnebeo 353 290 L. No. 1, Madras 280 227 Globe, High St. Salop May 28 1762 354 291 L. No. 2, do. 281 228 Fleece, Barnstaple May 28 1762 355 292 L. No. 3, do. 282 229 E. India Arms, Deal June 8 1762 356 293 L. No. 1, Benocolen Dec. 1765 283 230 Duke's Head, Lyon Regis, Norfolk June 9 1762 350 294 New Inn, Milksham, Wilts 7 Deo. 21 1766 285 231 L. of Inhabitants, Gibraltar July 12 1762 351 295 Tortola and Beef Island Feb. 15 1766 232 Green Dragon, Workington, Cumber- Sept. 22 1762 361 296 Drown, Wakefield land 362 297 King's Arms, Punch Horse, Shad Feb. 22 1766 290 233 Paladin L., Green Dragon, Hereford Oct. 12 1762 Thames 291 234 King's Arms, Portsmouth Nov. 2 1762 363 298 English Lodge at Bordeaux, have met Mar. 8 1766 312 235 Door to Virtue, Heldorsham, Ger- Dec. 27 1762 since ye year 1732 many 365 299 The Dolphin, at Shorohatn April 18 1766 May 17 1766 292 236 Feathers, Market Place, Nottingham Jan. 31 1763 364 300 OperMive Masons, Crown, Crown 299 237 St. Mark's L., S. Carolina Feb. 8 1763 Street, Westminster May 26 1766 293 238 University L», Sun, Cambridge March 1 1763 366 301 Black Lion, Greenwioh May 29 1766 295 239 Black Boll, Hexham, Northumberland March 8 1763 367 302 White Hart, Lewes, Sussex of Order, Crown and June 16 1766 300 240 L. of Eegnlarity, St. John's Hall, March 8 1763 376 303 Immortality ye Anchor, Strand 1 1 lark River. Museqneto Shore Swan, Oxford Road June 23 1766 296 241 L. of Perfect Union, May 1763 368 304 Assyrian L., Fleece, V\ Durt, Queen Street, July 26 1766 297 242 Blue Bell, Richmond, Yt, May 4 1763 371 305 301 243 City of Louden, Dover Aug. 2 1763 Cheapaide Fisher Street, Carlisle Aug. 1 1766 302 244 Stubbingtou, near Litchfield, Hants. Aug. 6 1763 369 306 Bine Relf, Churchyard, Aug. 6 1766 304 245 The Castle, Duncow Lane, Durham Sept. 8 1763 370 307 Union L., St. Peter's Exeter 309 246 L. of Amity Qp y© river Beli&le, Bay Sept. 21 1763 Sep. 10 1766 of Honduras 373 308 King's Head, Islington Oxenden Street, Hay- Sep. 16 1766 305 247 Bull, Burnley, Lane. Oct. 9 1763 374 309 Black Horse, 306 248 Union L., Ben Jonson's Head, Good- Nov. 7 1763 market Sagease at Havre en Oct. 811766 man's Yard, Great Minories 375 310 La Lodge de France 307 249 B. Mecklinburg, Cock, New St., St. Nov. 28 1763 Oct. 31 1766 James 377 311 Ships Masters' L., Valiant Soldier, 806 250 Saracen's Head, Chelmsford 18 1764 Exeter Jan. Nor. 28 1766 381 312 Star, Watergate Street, Chester THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 65 Ho. M*. ud lute 1770. Ho. Ho. and lame 1770. DSS-4) Constituted 1736-00 Constituted 878 318 St Nicholas L. (P. Room), Newcastle- Nov. 29 1766 424 359 Jerusalem L., White Hart, Berwick 12 1768 upon-Tyne St. Soho 879 314 Sion L. (P. Boom), North Shields Nov. 29 1766 425 360 Windsor Castle, Hammersmith 21 1768 880 315 Crown and Thistle, near Tower Hill Deo. 4 1766 426 361 H.M. 24th Regt. of Foot, Gen. Corn- 11 1768 882 316 L. of Peace, Rose and Crown, Thames Dec. 19 1766 wa11i8, at Gibralter Street 427 362 Constant Union, City of Grand July 1768 883 317 Blackfryars* Bridge L., King's Arms, Feb. 6 1767 Flanders Bonnet Street, Southwark Tenth L. of India, at Factory, Burd- July 1768 884 818 L. of Zeal, Ship and Dolphin, Temple Feb. 16 1767 wan Bar 429 364 Castle, Marlborough July 1768 13 1768 886 319 Golden Fleece, Near ye Market Cross, 1767 430 365 St. Mary's Island, Scilly . July Manchester 431 366 King's Arms, Blaokwall Sept. 13 1768 886 320 Golden Lion, Chatham Feb. 17 1767 432 367 Grange Inn, Cary St. Lincoln's Inn Oct. 30 1768 887 321 Hart, Folkestone, Kent March 16 1767 Fields 388 322 Grenoble in France March 18 1767 433 368 L. of Perfect Union, His Sicilian 323 Fort St. George, E. Indies Maj.'s Reg. of Foot, Naples 890 324 The Constitution, Bedford Street, April 11 1767 434 369 L. of Esperance, King's Head, Cerent Garden Gerards St. Soho 891 325 L. of Truth, Crown, Silver Street, 1767 435 370 Coach Maker's Arms, Noble St. Nov. 1768 Golden Square 436 371 Sun L., City of Flushing, Province of Feb. 3 1769 892 326 Bine Posts, Peter Street, Westminster May 21 1767 Zealand 893 327 Three Lions, Marlborough, in Hessia 437 372 L. of Hope, Queen's Head, Mary-le- Feb. 6 1769 894 828 Crown and Cushion, Parker Street, June 17 1767 Bone Lincoln's Inn Fields 438 373 White Lion and Frying Pan, South- 1 1769 895 329 L. of Unity, Black Raven, Tooley St., June 18 1767 wark Southwark 439 374 Exeter Inn, Teignmouth, Devon 24 1769 417 330 R. York of ye Friendship at Berlin, Juno 24 1767 440 875 White Swan, facing Old Gravel Lane April 4 1769 Middle Mark of Brandenburg 441 376 L. of Unity, Ship Tavern,Ratcliff Cross 11 1769 396 331 The George, Gt. Chapel St. Soho June 26 1767 442 377 R. George L., Newton Abbott 20 1769 897 332 British Society L., at Br. Ghillinis in 443 378 Beafort L., Star, Swansea Newman St. Soho 444 379 Well Chosen L. in Naples 26 1769 898 333 The Crown, Newcastle-under-line June 30 1767 445 380 L. of Virtue, Sadler's Arms, Bath June 6 1769 899 334 Fortune of War, Thames St. July 1 1767 446 381 Nag's Head, Merton, Surrey June 28 1769 400 335 British Union, Rotterdam Aug. 1 1767 447 382 L. of Hospitality, Shakespere, King Aug. 12 1769 401 336 Kings Head, Hampstead Aug. 5 1767 St. Bristol 402 337 Three Pillars, Rotterdam Aug. 21 1767 448 383 Bacchus, Halifax, Yorkshire 18 1769 403 338 Royal White Hart L., Halifax, N. Aug. 21 1767 449 384 The Horns, Gutter Lane, Cheapside Carolina 385 No. 1, Sweden 404 339 Crown and Anchor, Turnagain Lane, Sept. 11 1767 386 No. 2, Sweden Snow Hill 387 No. 3, Sweden 405 340 The Castle, Dartmouth, Devon Sept. 15 1767 Swan, Neston, Cheshire 406 341 Sussex Coffee House, W. Smithfield Oct. 18 1767 L. of Harmony, Home, Drs. Commons Oct. 27 1769 407 342 L. of Amity, Canton in China 390 L. of Sincerity, Three Crowns, Nov. 23 1769 408 343 All Souls L., Tiverton, Devon Oct. 24 1767 Plymouth 409 344 Ship, Leadenhall Street Nov. 27 1767 391 L. of Alfred, University of Oxford Deo. 2 1769 410 345 Cornnbian L., Launceston, Cornwall Dec. 15 1767 392 Lodge of Truth, Ship, Water Lane, Dec. 16 1769 411 346 L. of Liberty, River Lee Tav., Lime- Deo. 15 17G7 Tower St. house Bridge 393 Woolpack, Manchester 412 347 L. St. Amphibalus, St. Albans Dec. 21 1767 394 L. of Perfect Harmony, at Mons, Jan. 20 1770 413 348 White Lion, Mansfield Jan. 8 1768 Austrian Netherlands 349 Pon's Coffee House, Castle St., Lei- 1768 395 Angel, Warminster, Wilts Maroh 1 1770 cester Fields 396 Constitution L., Oxford Maroh 17 1770 416 350 Eagle and Child, Holyhead, N. Wales Jan. 25 1768 397 L. of Friendship, Church-road, Lime- May 22 1770 414 351 Lodge at Monmouth Jan. 27 1768 house 416 352 Builders L., White Lion, Shadwell Feb. 8 1768 White Swan, Devizes, Wilts May 23 1770 Market 399 Hole in the Wall, Gt. Kirby St. May 24 1770 418 353 Union L., Union Coffee House, Picca- March 5 1768 Hatton Garden (called the dilly L. of Prosperity) 354 Ninth Lodge of India, at Patna Maroh 11 1768 400 St. Charles de la Concord, City 419 355 Le Viotoire, Rotterdam March 17 1768 of Brunswick 420 356 Castle Inn, Kingston on Thames March 24 1768 401 L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, July 28 1770 422 357 Sun, Ludgate St. April 9 1768 Fox at Epsom 423 358 L. Sincerity, Golden Anchor, Arti- April 23 1768 402 Swan and Hoop, Cornhill Sept. 20 1770 choke Lane, near Virginia St. 403 L. of Temperance, Bury, Lane. End o? 1770 List. 9 66 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. FROM 1775 LIST. Constituted Constituted 404 Royal Alfred L., Diss, Norfolk July 26 1770 445 9th L. of Bengal, with 2nd Brigade 405 New Inn, Christ Church, Hants Nov. 23 1770 446 Union L., Kingston Jamaica, No. 6 April 23 1778 406 Hare and Hounds, Barnard Castle, 447 Beaufort L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 7 Durham 448 L. at Detroit, Canada 407 Queen's L., Black Horse and Crown, Jan.Tart £ioOft 1*71 Union L., Taunton June 7 1773 Victualling Office Sq. 450 Apollo L., York July 81 1778 408 Jerusalem L., Jerusalem Tavern, Feb. 2 1771 451 L.ofJehosopaphat, White Hart, Bristol Aug. 14 1773 Clerkenwell 452 10th L. of Bengal, Muxadavad 409 L. of Industry, Ben Jonson'g Head, March 19 1771 453 11th L. of Bengal, Calcutta Shoe Lane 454 Rising Sun L., Chester Sep. 21 1773 410 L. of Perfect Union, Leghorn March 20 1771 455 St. John's Lodge, Newmarket 411 Grey Hound, Blandford, Dorset March 28 1771 456 Lodge at Gateshead, Durham Oct. 16 17711 412 L. of Sincere Brotherly Lore, April 10 1771 4o7 Williamsburg L., Williamsburg, Nov. 6 1773 Leghorn Virginia 413 L. of Friendship, Hand and Bottle, April 20 1771 458 Botetourt L., Botetourt, Virginia Nov. 6 1773 Bridgnorth 459 L. Frederick Cassel, Germany 414 L. of Perfect Union, St. Petersburg, June 1 1771 460 L. of Good Friends, Roseau, Dominica Nov. 29 1773 415 Wynnstay L., Denbighshire Aug. 31 1771 461 L. of Liberty and Sincerity, Bridge- Feb. 19 1774 416 L. of Friendship, Bunch of Grapes, Sept. 21 1771 water Plymouth Dock 462 Punch Bowl, Leigh, Lane. Feb. 24 1774 417 Royal Oak, Vauxhall Oct. 12 1771 463 Royal Military L., Crown and Anchor, March 19 1774 418 Union L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 2 Woolwich 419 Harmony L., do. do. No. 3 464 Parfaite Egalite Lyonnese, 3 Old April 18 1774 ' 420 St. James's L., Montego Bay, do., No. 4 Tongues, Spittlefields 421 Union L. St. James's Parish, do., No. 5 465 Unity L. No. 2, Savannah Georgia 422 New Lodge, Carlisle 466 L. of ye 9 Muses, No. 1, at Peters. 423 Plough, Whitby, Yorkshire Feb. 8 1772 burgh, in Russia 424 Marlboro L., Fort Marlboro, E. Indies Feb. 10 1772 467 L. of ye Muse Urania, No. 2 at do. 425 L. of Vigilance, Island of Grenada Feb. 15 1772 468 L. of Bellona, No. 3 at do. 426 L. of Discretion, do. do. March 2 1772 469 L. of Mars, No. 4 at Yassy in Russia 427 Torbay L., Paignton, Devon April 4 1772 470 L. of ye Muse Clio, No. 5, at Moscow 428 Union L., St. Eustatia, W. Indies in Russia 429 L. of Candour, Strasbourg May 2 1772 471 St. Bede's L., at the King of Prussia, May 7 1774 430 L. of Freedom, King's Head, Maiden, June 4 1772 South Shields, Sunderland Essex 472 L. of Harmony, Guernsey 431 L. of Friendship, Bull, Wrothazn, Kent June 19 1772 473 Benevolent L., Wildman, Middleham, Nov. 1 1774 432 RoseTav., Cambridge July 6 1772 Yorks 433 Rose and Bunch of Grapes, Snowfield, Oct. 10 1772 474 L. of Harmony, Monkwearmouth Nov. 22 1774 Southwark 475 Lodge des Amis, Reunis, Turks Head, Nov. 24 434 L. at Spreights Town, Barbadoes Gerard St. Soho 435 L. of Concord, Antigua 476 Durnovarian L., King's Arms, Dor- Jan. 23 1775 436 L. Unanimity, Half Moon, Holborn Nov. 21 1772 chester 437 R. Edmund L., Bury St. Edmunds 477 Helyetick Union L., Pan's Head Tav. 438 Union L., Venice Nov. 27 1772 Cateaton St. 439 L. at Varona Nov. 28 1772 478 Sun and Sector, Workington, Cum- 440 L. of Liberty, Kings Arms, Vaux Dec. 5 1772 berland Hall 479 St. Jean de la Nouvelle, Esperance, March 25 1775 441 5th L. of Bengal at Decca Turin 442 6th L. of Bengal, Calcutta 480 True and Faithful L., Rose Inn, Jane 13 1775 443 7th L. of Bengal, with the 1st Brigade Dartford, Kent 444 8th L. of Bengal, with 3rd Brigade End of 1775 List. THE FOUB OLD LODGES. 67 FROM 1778 LIST. Constituted Constituted 481 Granidiers L., Savannah, Georgia 605 Social L., Horn, Braintree 482 12th L. of Bengal with ye 3rd 506 Knoll L., Neath, Glamorganshire Sept. 20 1777 Brigade 507 L. at Island of St. Nevis Nor. 28 1797 488 Green Island L., Jamaioa 608 L. in the 6th or InniskUling Begt. of Dec 18 1777 484 L. of Justice, Kings Head, Preston, Deo. 28 1775 Dragoons Lane. 609 Impregnable L., Sandwich 485 L. at Lucca, Hanover, Jamaioa, 510 L. at Messina in Sicily May 12 1778 No. 9 611 White Lion, Woolwich, Kent 486 L. at Spanish Town, Jamaica, No. 10 The remainder of this List (1770-80) from MS. 487 Union L., Jamaioa, No. 11 488 Union L., Detroit in Canada 612 St Peter's L., Black Bail, Southwark Nov. 25 1778 489 Temple L., King St. Bristol Feb. 6 1776 513 Northumberland L., Alnwick Mar. 24 1779 490 St Andrew's L., Half Moon, Okep- Feb. 28 1776 514 Mariners L., White Bear, Basinghall June 18 1779 stone St. Marabone Street 491 L. of Harmony, White Horse, Bal- Mar. 1776 515 L. of Independence, Swan, BatolifF Aug. 7 1779 dook, Herts Highway King's Arms L., Kew, Surrey May 7 1776 516 Pilgrim L., Mitre, Fleet Street Aug. 25 1779 Weymouth L., Weymouth June 6 1776 617 L. of Fortitude, Maidstone, Kent 494 L. of Concord, Southampton July 1 1775 618 L. of Unity, Dover 495 Royal Oak L., Bipon June 22 1776 619 All Saints L., Bothbury, Northumber- Oct. 26 1779 496 L. of Unity, King's Head, Colchester June 11 1776 land 497 Cooper's Arms, Strutton Ground, Oct. 16 1776 520 L. in the 1st Begt. of Dragoon Guards Jan. 10 1780 Westminster 621 St. Hilda L., S. Shields Mar. 15 1780 498 The Industrious L., Fleece, Canter- Nor. 28 1776 Merchants' L., Golden Lion, Dale St., bury Liverpool 499 St. Peter's L., Grapes, King St. Dec. 16 1776 628 Phoenix L. of Honour and Prudence, Jan. 1 1780 St. James Square Bed Lion, Truro, Cornwall 500 Queen's Head, Penrith, Cumberland 524 L. of Liebau in Courland 501 Falcon, Gravesend 525 L. at Naples Mar. 6 1780 502 L. of ye nine Muses, Thatohed House, March 25 1777 St. James Street Nob. 141-43 on the 1756-69 numeration were filled by Minorca 603 St. Michael's L., Marasion, Cornwall Lodges up to 1766 ; the Boston, Marblehead and Newhaven Lodgef 504 Union L., York April 26 1777 being only plaoed on the roll in 1768. 68 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. LIST No. 16. List of Lodges 1781-91. Owing, no doubt, to the discontinuance of the engraved lists after 1779, the earlier official lists of this numeration (1781-91) published in the Freemasons' Calendar, are very incorrect. The following numbers and descriptions of Lodges are, therefore, taken from the Calendar for 1788, so far as it extends : the blanks, through lapse or erasure, being filled up from earlier lists of the same numeration. The lists for 1781-82 are, to a considerable extent, just one number behind the edition for 1788. The dis- crepancy first appears after No. 85 (Maid's Head, Norwich), which is the same in all editions. No. 86 is shown as the Bear and Ragged Staff, Norwich, in 1781, and as the Prince George Lodge, Plymouth, in 1788. The second Lodge of Boston, New England, No. 87 in 1781, is numbered 88 in 1788, and thenceforward the difference is, in the main, preserved. No. 432 (St. George, Doncaster), the last Lodge on the 1781 list, appearing as No. 433 in 1788. ute 1781-91. No. Ho. aad Xuie 1781-91. 1770-W Time Immemorial. 1725. 23 21 The Globe, Fleet St. 1 Lodge of Antiquity, Freemasons' Tarern, Gt. Queen St., 24 22 Old King's Arms Lodge, Freemasons' Tavern, Great formerly the Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's Queens St. Church Yard 2 Somerset-house Lodge, Freemasons' Tavern 1727. 25 28 St. Alban's Lodge, Baxter's Tavern, Dover Street, 1721. Piccadilly 8 Lodge of Friendship, Thatched-house Tavern, St James' St. 1728. 4 4 British Lodge, White-horse, King St. Golden Sqr. 26 24 Lodge of Attention, Freemasons' Tavern 6 5 Tyrian Lodge, Angel Inn, St. Giles's Church 1729. 1722. 28 25 St. John's Lodge at Gibraltar Lodge of Fortitude, Boebuck, Oxford St. 29 26 White Lion, Lynn Regis Tuscan Lodge, Freemasons' Tarern, Gt. Queen St. Ionio Lodge, King's Arms, Brook St. Grosvenor Sqr. Dundee Arms Lodge (Their Private Boom) Bed Lion 1730. St. Wapping 30 27 Castle Lodge, White Swan, Mansel St. Goodman's Fields 31 28 The Corner Stone Lodge, Black Horse, 1723. Dean St Oxford St. 10 10 Kentish L. of Antiquity, Post Office, Chatham 33 29 Britannic Lodge, Star and Garter, Pall Hall 11 11 King's Arms, Wandsworth 34 30 The Well-disposed Lodge, at the Cock, Waltham Abbey 18 12 Lodge of Emulation, Paul's Head Tavern, Cateaton 35 31 Lodge of Fortitude, Hamburgh Arms, Bast Smithfield Street 14 18 Anchor and Baptist Head L., Crown and Bolls, 1731. Chancery Lane 15 14 The Fraternal Lodge, Mitre, Church Street, Greenwich 36 32 Sociable Lodge, Horn Tav. Doc. Corns. 16 15 Globe Lodge, Crown and Bolls, Chancery Lane 18 16 United Traders, London Punch House, Ludgate Hill 1732. 89 33 Medina Lodge, Vine Tav. W. Cowes, L of Wight 42 84 Sir John Falstaff, Old St. Road 1724. 43 35 King's Arms, Marybone St. Piooadilly 10 17 White Swan, St Peter's, Norwich 46 86 Anchor and Hope, Bolton-le-Moor, Lancashire 20 18 Three Tuns, Portsmouth 47 87 Sarum Lodge, a Private Boom, George Court, High St. 21 19 Castle Lodge of Harmony, Horn, Doctors Commons Salisbury 20 Black Lion, Stookton-upon-Tees, Durham 48 38 St John's Lodge, Half Moon, Fore Street, Exeter THE FOUE OLD LODGES. 69 .Ho. M*. aad Ku>« J7SI-91. No. aad Hune 1781-M. 177040 1733. 1748. 49 39 Royal Cumberland Lodge, Bear Inn, Bath 105 85 Maid's Head, Norwich 61 40 Lodge of Belief, Boar Head, Bury, Lano. 106 86 Prince George Lodge, Plymouth 58 41 St. Paul's Lodge, Freemason Tav. Birmingham 54 42 Boyal Exchange, Boston, in New England 1749. 65 43 Valenciennes, French Flanders 107 ' 87 The Bed Cow, Norwich 108 88 Second Lodge, Boston, England, Br. Coffee-h., 1734. New King St. Smithfield, late Ship, 67 44 Strong Man, -East the at the 109 89 No. 1, Halifax, in Nova Sootia Hermitage 110 90 Black Bear, Cambridge 1735. 1750. 58 45 The Swan, Wolrerhampton 111 91 Marblehead Lodge, in Massaohusets Bay, New England 59 46 Coal-hole, Fountain Court, Strand 112 92 St. Christopher's, at Sandy Point 60 47 The Stewards' Lodge, Freemasons' Tar., Gt. Queen's St. 113 93 Newhaven Lodge, in Connecticut, New England 61 48 Lodge of Industry, Rose and Crown, SwallweU near Newcastle 1751. 62 49 Soloman's Lodge, Charles Town, South Carolina 114 94 The Unicorn, St. John, Maddermarket, Norwich 63 50 Soloman's Lodge, No. 1, Savannah, in Georgia 116 95 Lodge of Love and Honor, Boyal Standard, Falmouth 64 61 The Angel, Colchester 117 96 The Little Angel, Gt. Yarmouth, Norfolk 118 97 King's Head, West St. Gravesend 1736. 119 98 Sea Captains' Lodge, Nags Head, Leadenhall St. 66 62 King's Head, Norwich 68 63 Lodge of St. George de l'Obaervanoe, Globe, Titoh- 1752. field St. 121 99 St. John's Lodge, Bridge Town, Barbadoes 70 54 Constitutional Lodge, Greyhound, Kensington Sqr. 122 100 George Lodge, Rose and Crown, Downing Street, 71 55 Lodge of Brotherly Love, King's Head Tar. Holborn Westminster 123 101 At Chardenagore, Chief French Settlement, Bengal, 1737. E. Indies 72 56 Parham Lodge, Parham, Antigua 124 102 At Madras, in East Indies 73 57 Black Swan, Brown's Lane, Spitalfields 125 103 St. Peter's Lodge, Barbadoes 74 58 Lodge of Felicity, Braund's Head, Bond St. 1753. 75 59 Vacation Lodge, Star and Garter, Paddington 76 60 Lodge of Affability, Rose and Crown, Kew Green 126 104 Old Cumberland Lodge, King and Queen, Oxford St. 127 105 Foundation Lodge, Freemason's Tavern, Gt. Queen St. 1738. 128 106 United Lodge of Prudence, Griffin, Half Moon Street, 77 61 Lodge of Belief with Truth, Sun, Suffolk Street Piccadilly 78 62 Boyal Chester Lodge, Feathers Inn, Bridge St. Chester 129 107 Lily Tavern, Guernsey 79 63 Bakers Lodge, St. Johns, Antigua 133 108 Lodge of St Mary-le-bone, Kings Head, Prince's St 80 64 George, Gt. Eastcheap Cavendish Sq. 81 65 Union Cross, Halifax, Torks 134 109 Church Style, St. Peter's Manoroft, Norwich 82 66 The Great Lodge, St. John's, Antigua 135 110 Evangelist's Lodge at Monserratt 86 67 Lodge of Fortitude, White Horse, Hanging Ditch 136 111 Legs of Man, at Prescot, Lancashire Manchester 137 112 Boyal Exchange, Norfolk in Virginia 1739. 1754. 84 68 United City Lodge, India Warehouses, Fenohurch St. 139 113 Druid's L. of Love and Liberality, Redruth, Cornwall 85 69 Mother Lodge, at Kingston, Jamaica, No. 1 140 114 Rose and Crown, Crown St. Westminster 86 70 Mother Lodge, Scotch Arms, at St. Christopher, 141 115 Red Cow, St. Giles, Norwich Basseterre 143 116 Black Bear, Cambridge 87 71 Lodge of Sincerity, Ship, Stoney Lane, Tooley St. 144 117 Angel and Porter, Golden Lane, Barbican Southwark 146 118 St. Michael's L., City of Schwerin, Meoklenburgh 88 72 Lodge of Peace and Plenty, Bed Lion, Horsleyd. Lane 147 119 Sadlers Arms, Swallow St. 89 73 Grenadiers Lodge, Albemarle Arms, S. Audley St. 150 120 No. 2 at St. Eustatius 90 74 Philanthropic L., Queen's Head, Grays Inn Gate 152 121 Chequers, Charing Cross 153 122 Ancient French L., King^s Arms, Grafton St. 1740. 154 123 L. of Unanimity, Budwaith's Tav., Manchester 91 75 Lodge of Prudence, Griffin, Half Moon St. Piooadilly 1755. 92 76 Bull, High St. Bristol 93 77 The 1st Lodge of Bengal, at Calcutta 155 124 L. in Ld. Ancram's Reg. of Dragoons 94 78 St. Michael's Lodge in Barbadoes 166 125 No. 8, K. O. Regt. of Foot 157 126 Gloucester L., George and Blue Boar, Holborn 1742. 158 127 L. at Wilmington, North Carolina 160 128 Sea Captains' L., Coffee House, Liverpool 96 79 Lodge of Unity, Barn, St. Martins Lane 161 129 Union L., Charles Town, S. Carolina 97 80 Old Boad, St. Christopher's 162 130 L. of Regularity, Thatch'd House, St. James St. 98 81 The Union, Franckfort, in Germany 164 13 1 L. of Freedom and Ease, Black Horse, opposite Catherine 1743. St. Strand 165 132 King's Head, Walsingham, Norfolk 101 82 Prince George Lodge, George Town, Winyaw, S. Caro- 166 133 Boot, Eastgate St. Chester lina 167 134 The Swan, York Town, Virginia 168 135 The Fountain, Norwich 1747. 169 136 Phoenix Lodge, Sunderland, Durham 103 83 The Queen's Head, Acle, Norfolk 170 187 Grand Lodge, Frederick, at Hanover 104 84 A Lodge at St. Eustatius 171 138 Plume of Feathers, Chester 70 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. No- 1781-91. Ho. 1781-9L. No. an* Name V*. an* Ha 770-80 1770-80 1756. 247 197 White Bull, Burnley, Lancashire 248 198 Union L., Marquis of Granby, St. Oath, near the Tower the Pound, Oxford St. 172 139 St. David's L., New Hog in 249 199 Royal Mecklenburg Lodge, White Lion Inn, Croydon, 173 140 A Masters' Lodge, Charles-town, South Carolina Surrey 174 141 Port Royal Lodge, Carolina 175 142 Lodge of St. George, Island St. Au Croix, West Indies 1764. St. Carnaby Mkt. 176 143 Burlington Lodge, Blue Posts, K. 250 200 Saracen's Head, Chelmsford, Essex 201 Royal L., Thatched House, St. James St. (late the new 1757. 251 L. at the Horn, St. James Street, Westminster) 177 144 Sea Captains' Lodge, King's Head, Sunderland 253 202 Sa Sagesse, St. Andrews, Grenadoes 178 145 Providence Lodge, Rhode Island 255 203 St. George's L., Taunton 179 146 Shakespear, Covent Garden 256 204 White Lion, Kendal 180 147 St. Mary's Lodge, St. Mary's Island, Jamaica 257 205 St. Nicolas Lodge, Swan, Harwich 182 148 Castle and Lion, Norwich 258 206 White Hart, Ringwood, Hants 183 149 Fountain, Broad Street, Carnaby Market 259 207 The Red Lion, Feversham 184 150 St. John's L., P. R., Newcastle-on-Tyne 260 208 Salutation, Topeham, Devonshire 185 151 White Lion at Shadwell 261 209 Horseshoe and Magpie, Worcester St. Park, Southwark 187 152 No. 2, St. John's Lodge, Anne St. New York 262 210 Philharmonic Lodge, Bell, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire 263 211 Caledonian Lodge, Freemasons Tavern, Great Queen St. 1758. 264 212 Swan Inn, Bridgewater, Somersetshire 188 153 Johnson's Coffee House, Norwich 267 213 The Crown, Swafham, Norfolk 189 154 Lodge of Unity, King's Arms, Plymouth 190 155 Beaufort Lodge, Shakespear, Princes St. Bristol 1766. 191 156 St. James's Lodge, Barbadoes 269 214 L. of St. John the Evan., K. Arms, Grafton St., Soho 192 167 Lodge at Bombay, East Indies 271 215 L. of Happiness, The Swan, New St. Sq., Shoe Lane 193 158 Corinthian L., Golden Lion, Church St. Soho 272 216 Tuscan L., King's Head, Holborn Operative Masons, Cannon, Portland Road 1759. 273 217 274 218 Gothic L., Crown, Tufton St., Westminster 194 159 Sea Captain's L., Swan, Yarmouth 275 219 Old Antelope, Pool, Dorset 195 160 Lodge of Fortitude, Dolphin Inn, Plymouth Dock 276 220 Corinthian L., White Hart, Windmill Street 196 161 The Sun, Newton Abbot, Devonshire 277 221 Tontine, Sheffield 197 162 Angel, West Town of Crediton, Devon 278 222 At Alorst in Flanders 280 223 St. George's L., Stratford Coffee House 1760. 281 224 L. of Friendship and Justice, Lamberhurst, Kent 202 163 London L., London Coffee House, Ludgate Hill 282 225 Three Tuns, Thorpe, Norwich 204 164 L. of Unity, White Hart, Holborn 283 226 White Hart, Thetford, Norfolk 284 227 Ship, St. Ives, Cornwall 1761. 285 228 St. Luke's L., Don Saltero's Coffee House, Chelsea 205 165 Golden Lion, Leeds, in Yorkshire 286 229 Lodge at Joppa in Baltimore, Maryland 206 166 St. David's L. t White Horse, Holywell, N. Wales 287 230 Lodge of Perfect Friendship, White Hart Inn and Tav. 207 167 The 2nd L. of Bengal at Caloutta Bath 208 168 Caledonian L., King's Head, Poultry 288 231 A Lodge, No. 1, at St. Hilary in Jersey 209 169 Square and Compass, Whitehaven, Cumberland 289 232 The Swan at Warrington, Lancashire 210 170 Restoration Lodge, P.R. Darlington 290 233 Lodge No. 1, Madras 211 171 Union Lodge, Crow Lane, Bermuda 291 234 „ No. 2, „ 292 235 „ No. 3, „ 1762. 293 236 Lodge No- 1, Bencoolen 213 172 St. George's Lodge, Globe Inn, Exeter 295 237 Tortola and Beef Island 214 173 British Union Lodge, Golden Lion, Ipswich, Suffolk 215 174 Royal Frederick, Rotterdam 17&6. 216 175 Royal Lancashire L.t at the Hole in the Wall, Colne, 296 238 Lodge of Unanimity, George and Crown, Wakefield, Lancashire Yorkshire 217 176 St. Alban's L., Freemasons' Tavern, Birmingham 297 239 Kings Arms, Punch-house, Shad Thames 220 177 Merchant's Lodge, at Quebec 298 240 English Lodge at Bordeaux (have met since the year 221 178 St. Andrew's Lodge, at Quebec 1732) 222 179 St. Patrick's Lodge, at Quebec 300 241 Bedford Lodge, Thistle and Crown, Russell Court, 223 180 A Lodge at Montreal Covent Garden 224 181 On board His Majesty's Ship Canceaux, at Quebeo 304 242 Assyrian L., Swan, Oxford Street 225 182 Select Lodge, at Quebec 306 243 Black Bull, Carlisle 183 In 52nd Regt. Foot, at Quebeo 307 244 Union L., Globe, St. Peter's Churchyard, Exeter 184 Royal Navy Lodge, Three King's Inn, Deal 309 245 Patriotic Lodge, Greyhound, Croydon 230 185 Lodge of Friendship, Crown, Lynn Regis, Norfolk 311 246 Shipmasters' Lodge, Valiant Soldier, Exeter 231 186 Lodge of Inhabitants, Gibraltar 312 247 The Star Lodge, Chester 233 187 Palladian Lodge, Swan and Falcon, Hereford 313 248 St. Nicolas Lodge, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 235 188 The Door to Virtue, at Heldesham, Germany 314 249 Ston Lodge, Private Room, North 8hields 315 250 Lodge of True Fellowship, Seven Stars, Bromley 1763. 286 189 Union Lodge, Flying Horse, Nottingham 1767. 237 190 St. Mark's Lodge, South Carolina 317 251 Angel, Upper Ground, Christ Co., Southwark 239 191 Lodge of Amity, Bush Inn, Hexham, Northumberland 319 252 Lodge of Integrity, Bull's Head Inn, Manchester 240 192 L. of Regularity, St. John's Hall, Black River, Mosquito 320 253 Union Lodge, Rising Sun, Bristol Shore 322 254 At Grenoble, in France 242 193 Old Black Bull, Richmond, Yorkshire 823 255 At Fort St. George, East Indies 243 194 Lodge of True Friendship, Dover 326 256 L. of Morality, Ship, Wardour St. Soho 245 195 Marquis of Granby Lodge, P.R., Old Elvit, Durham 327 257 Three Lions, Marborough, in Hessia 246 196 Lodge of Amity, St. George's Quay, Honduras 828 258 Bedford Head, Upper K. St. Bloomsbury THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 71 Ho. No. an* luie 1781-M. No. Vo. madt Name 1781-91. 1770-40 mo-eo 829 269 L. of Union, Three Jolly Hatters, Bermondsey St. 414 323 L. of Perfect Union, St. Petersburgh 880 260 Royal York of the Friendship at Berlin, Middle Mark of 415 824 Wynnstay Lodge, Bowling Green, Oswestry, Shropshire Brandenburg 416 325 L. of Friendship, Plume Feathers, Fore St. Plymouth 834 261 Angel, Angel St. St. Martin's-le-Grand Dock 885 262 British Union, Rotterdam 417 326 Hiram's Cliftonian L., Angel, Wardour St. 886 263 St. John's L., Long Boom, Hampstead 418 327 Junior Lodge, Kingston, No. 2, Jamaica 887 264 Three Pillars, Rotterdam 419 328 Harmony Lodge, Kingston, No. 3, do 888 265 Bojal White Hart L., Halifax, N. Carolina 420 329 St. James's Lodge, Montego Bay, No. 4, do 841 266 L. of Amity, White Horse, Preston, Lane. 421 380 Union Lodge, St. James's Parish, No. 5, do 848 267 L. of Amity, Private Boom, Canton, China 422 331 Lodge of Harmony, Carlisle, Cumberland 843 All Soals Lodge, Tiverton, Devon 1772. 846 L. of Contentment, General Wolfe, Plymouth Dock 846 270 L. of Friendship, Angel, Ilford, Essex 423 332 Britannio Lodge, Plough, Whitby, Tories 424 333 Marlborough Lodge, Fort Marlborough, E. Indies 1768. 425 334 L. of Vigilance, Island of Grenada 349 # 271 L. of Concord, Swan, New St. Covent Gd. 426 335 L. of Discretion, do. 850 272 Mona Lodge, Eg's Head, Holyhead 427 336 Torbay Lodge, Crown and Anchor, Paignton, Devon 864 273 The Third Lodge of Bengal, at Patna 428 337 Union Lodge, St. Eustatius, W. Indies 865 274 Le Victoire, Rotterdam 429 338 L. of Candour, Strasbourg 868 275 L. of Sincerity, Old Boll's Head, Rotherhithe 430 339 L. of Freedom, Bull, Maiden 869 276 Jerusalem L., King St. Golden Square 431 340 L. of Friendship, Oxford Arms, Deptford 360 277 Caveac L., Angel, Hammersmith 433 341 White Hart, St. Thomas, Southwark 361 278 H.M. 24th Regt. of Foot, Genl. Cornwallis at Gibraltar 434 342 Lodge of Speight's Town, Barbadoes 362 279 Constant Union, City of Ghent, Flanders 435 343 L. of Conoord, Antigua 363 280 The 4th Lodge of Bengal, at Bnrdwan 436 344 L. of Unanimity, Pavior's Arms, near Blue Gate, E. 365 281 Godolphin Lodge, St. Mary's Island, Sdlly Ratcliff Highway 367 282 Manchester L., Swan, Butcher Row 437 345 Royal Edmund L., Bury St. Edmunds 368 283 L. of Perfect Union, in His Sicilian Maj. Rogt. of Foot, 438 846 Union Lodge, Venice Naples 439 347 Lodge at Verona 369 284 L. Esperanoe, Thatched House, St. James St. 440 348 L. of Liberty, King's Arms, Vauxhall 370 286 Queen Charlotte's L., Coach Makers Arms, Noble St. 441 349 The 5th Lodge of Bengal, Dacca 442 360 The 6th Lodge of Bengal, Calcutta 17G9. 443 351 The 7th Lodge of Bengal, with the 1st Brigade 444 352 The 8th Lodge of Bengal, with the 3rd Brigade 371 286 Sun L., Flushing, Province of Zealand The 9th Lodge of Bengal, with the 2nd Brigade 372 287 Three Tuns, Stourbridge, Worcester 445 353 373 288 L. of Happiness, Ship, Radcliffe Cross 1773. 374 289 Exeter Inn, Teignmouth, Devon 376 290 L. of Unity, King Henry's Head, R. Lion St. White- 446 354 Union L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 2 church 447 355 Beaufort L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 7 877 291 Royal George Lodge, Nowton Abbot 448 356 Lodge at Detroit, in Canada 878 292 Beaufort Lodge, Swansea 449 357 Union L., Taunton, Somerset 379 293 Well-chosen Lodge, Naples 450 358 Apollo L., York 380 294 Lodge of Virtue, York House, Bath 451 359 L. of Jehosaphat, Rummer Tav. Bristol 381 295 Inflexible Lodge, White Hart, Mitcham, Surrey 452 360 The 10th Lodge of Bengal, Muxadavad 382 296 L. of Hospitality, George Inn, Bristol 453 361 The 11th Lodge of Bengal, Calcutta 383 297 Bacchus, Halifax, Yorkshire 454 362 Rising Sun L., Chester 884 298 Two Giants, Corner of Ch. St., St. John's, Southwark 455 363 St. John's L., Newmarket 385 299 No. 1 at Sweden 456 364 L. of Union, P. Room, Gateshead, Dur. 386 800 No. 2 at Sweden 457 365 Williamsburgh L., Williamsburg, Virginia 887 801 No. 3 at Sweden 458 366 Botetourt Lodge, Botetourt, Virginia 888 302 Golden Lion, Neston, Cheshire 459 367 Lodge Frederick, Cassel, Germany 890 303 Lodge of Sincerity, Rose and Crown, Plymouth 460 368 L. of Good Friends, at Rousseau, Dominica 891 804 Lodge of Alfred, in the University of Oxford 1774. 393 305 Lodge of St. John, Fleece Tavern, Manchester 461 369 L. of Liberty and Sincerity, Bridgwater, Somerset 1770. 462 370 L. of Prudence, Boot and Shoe, Leigh, Lane. 394 306 L. of Perfect Harmony, at Mons, Austrian Netherlands 463 371 Royal Mil. L., Ship, Woolwich 396 307 Constitutional Lodge, at Oxford 465 372 Unity L., No. 2, Savannah, Georgia 397 308 L. of Friendship, Bunch of Grapes, Lime.house Hole 466 873 L. of the 9 Muses, No. 1, Petersburgh, Russia 899 309 L. of Prosperity, Globe Tav. St. Saviour's Churchyard, 467 374 L. of the Muse, Urania, No. 2, in Russia Southwark 468 375 L. of Bellona, No. 3, in Russia 400 310 St. Charles de la Conoord, City of Brunswick 469 376 L. of Mars, No. 4, at Tassy, in Russia 401 811 L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, Spread Eagle, Epsom 470 377 L. of the Muse Clio, No. 5, at Moscow, in Russia 403 3^2 L. of Temperance, Boar's Head, near Bury, Lane. 471 378 St. Bede's L., King of Prussia, S. Shields, Dur. 404 313 Royal Alfred Lodge, Kings Head, Diss, Norfolk 472 879 L. of Harmony, Guernsey 405 314 White Hart, Christ Church, Hants 473 380 Benevolent L., Wild Man, Middleham, Yorks 406 815 L. of Concord, Private Room, Barnard Castle, Durham 474 881 L. of Harmony, P. Room, Monkwearmouth Shore, Dor. 1771. 1775. 407 316 Queen's Lodge, K. Head Tav. Fenohurch St. 476 382 Durnovarian L., Royal Oak, Dorchester 408 817 Jerusalem L., down, Clerkenwell Green 477 883 Helvetic Union L., Parr's Head, Cateaton St 409 318 L. of Industry, Ben Jonson's Head, Shoe Lane 478 384 Sun and Sector, Wofkington, Cumberland 410 319 L. of Perfect Union, Leghorn 479 385 St. Jean de Nouville Esperanoe, Turin 411 820 L. at Blandford, Dorset 480 386 True and Faithful L., White Bear, W. Mailing, Kent 418 881 L. of Sincere Brotherly Love, Leghorn 481 887 Grenadiers Lodge, Savannah, Georgia 413 822 L. of Friendship, Hand and Bottle, Bridgenorth 482 888 The 12th Lodge of Bengal, with the 3rd Brigade 72 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Vo. No. and Hame 1781-91. No. Mi Name 1781-91. 1770-40 483 389 Green Inland L., Green Island, No. 8, Jamaica 445 Sea Captain's L., Bush, Bristol 484 390 L. of Justice, Preston, Lane. 446 Yolubian L. of Regularity and Reputation, Falmouth 485 391 L. of Lucca, Parish of Hanover, No. 9, Jamaica 447 Mount Sinai L., St. John's, Antigua 486 392 L. at Spanish Town, Jamaica, No. 10 448 L. of True Love of Unity, Brixham, Devon Cornwall 487 393 Union L., Savannah le liar, No. 11, Jamaica 449 L. of Peace, Joy, and Brotherly Love, Penryn, 488 894 Union L., Detroit, Canada 1783. 1776. 450 Mariners' L., Mariner's Compass, New Dock, Liverpool 451 Minerva L., Hull, Yorks. 489 395 Temple L., Bath Chair Quay, Bristol 452 L. of Good Intention in North or 2nd Reg. Devon 490 396 St. Andrews, Bell St. James Market Militia 491 397 White Horse, Baldock, Herts 453 The Loyal Lodge, Globe Inn, Barntstaple 492 398 L. of Perseverance, Golden Fleece, Palace Yard 454 Apollo L., Angel Yard, Salisbury 493 399 Weymouth L., Weymoath 494 400 L. of Concord, Guildhall, Southampton 1784. 495 401 Royal Oak Lodge, Royal Oak, Rippon, Yorks # 455 L. of Plaoentia, Newfoundland 496 402 Lodge of Unity, Red Lioo, Colchester 456 Holmesdale L. of Freedom and Friendship, Bell, 497 403 L. of Honour, Coopers Arms, Strutton Ground, West- Ryegate, Surrey minster 457 Harmonic L., Bush Inn, Dudley, Worcestershire 498 404 The Industrious L., Kings Head, Canterbury 458 Bath (united to No. 39) 499 405 St. Peter's Lodge, Bunch of Grapes, E. St., St. James's 459 African L., Boston, New England 500 406 Black Bull, Penrith, Cumberland 460 L. of Truth, Crown, Twickenham 501 407 L. of United Friendship, Falcon Tavern, Gravesend 461 Raby L., Raby Castle, Staindrop, Durham 1777. 1785. 502 408 L. of the Nine Muses, Thatched House Tavern, St. 462 Royal Gloucester L., Bell Inn, Gloucester James's St. 463 Old King's Arms, Plymouth Dock 506 409 St. Michaels L., Star Inn, Marazion, Cornwall 464 La Parfaite Amitie, Avignon, Languedoo 410 Union L., Coffee Peter Gate, York 504 Theatre House, 465 St. John's L., at Michlimacinao, Canada 605 411 Social L., White Hart, Booking, Essex I 466 Barry Lodge, in the 34th Regt. 606 412 The Knoll, Ship and Castle, Neath, Glamorganshire 467 Rainsford Lodge, in the 44th Regt. 413 Lodge in the Island 607 of Nevis 468 Tyrian L., George Inn, Derby in Killing of Dragoons 608 414 L. the 6th or Innis Regiment 469 L'Egalite\ K. Head, Gerard St. Soho 609 416 Impregnable L., New Rose Inn, Sandwich 470 Harbour Grace, Newfoundland 471 Trinity L., Golden Lion, Coventry 1778. 472 Temple L., Lamb Inn, Broadmead, Bristol 610 416 L. at Messina in Sicily 473 Wells, Somersetshire 611 417 L. of Good Fellowship, Woolwich 474 L. of Harmony, Toy, Hampton Court 612 418 St. Peters L., Black Bull, Borough High St. 475 L. of St. George, White Hart, New Windsor, Berks 476 Thanet L., Parade Hotel, Margate 1779. 477 L. of Good Intent, Ship Tav. Leadenhall St. 618 419 Northumberland L., Bee Hive, Alnwick, Northumber- 478 White Lion, Whitchurch, Shropshire land 479 L. of Perfect Friendship (private room) Ipswich 514 420 Mariner's L., White Bear, Basinghall St. 480 L. of Union, Fox, Castle St. Park, Southwark 516 421 L. of Independence, Seven Stars, Rosemary Lane 1786. 516 422 Pilgrim L., F.M.T. 481 Industrious L., Watergate St. Chester 517 423 L. of Fortitude, Bell, Maidstone, Kent 482 L. of Benevolence, Antelope Inn, Sherborn, Dorset 618 424 L. of Love and Unity, Chequers, Dover 483 St. Margaret's L., Rose and Crown, Darmouth, West- 619 425 All Saints L., Rothbury, Northumberland minster 484 L. of Friendship and Sincerity, Red Lion Inn, Shaftes- 1780. bury, Dorset 620 426 L. of George, 1st Regiment of Dragoon Guards 485 Phoenix L., Geo. T. Portsmouth 521 427 St. Hilda's L. (P. Room), S. Shields, Durham 486 L. of the Blk. Bear, City of Hanover 622 428 Merchants' L., Shakespear Tavern, Liverpool 487 St. John's L., Golden Cross, Broomsgrove, Woroest. 623 429 Phoenix L. of Honor and Prudence, Red Lion, Truro, 488 The Carnatic Military L., Arcot Cornwall 489 At Futty Ghur, Bengal 624 430 Lodge at Liebau in Courland 490 Hiram's L., Gibraltar 625 431 Lodge at Naples 491 L. of Goodwill (Private Room), Braintree, Essex 432 St. Michael's L. (P. Room), Alnwick, Northumberland 492 L. of Sincerity, Buck and Vine, Wigan, Lano. 433 St. George's L., Town Hall, Donoaster 493 L. of Harmony, Golden Lion, Ormskirk, Lano. 494 The Snowdon L., The Sportsman, Carnarvon 1781. 434 Alfred L., Wetherby, Yorks 1787. * 435 L. of Rural Friendship, Angel Tavern, Edmonton 495 L. of St. Charles, Hildburgshausen 436 Rodney L., Kingston-upon-Hull 496 The Mackworth L., Cowbridge, Glamorganshire 437 Daiston, Cumberland 497 St. Matthew's L., Barton-upon.Humber 438 L. of Friendship (P. Room), Dartmouth, Devon 498 The Amphibious L., Stonehonse, near Plymouth 439 L. of Reformation, Crown, Deptford 499 The Newtonian L., Elephant and Castle, Knaresboro' 440 La Loggia della Verita, Naples 500 Royal Navy L., Seahorse Tavern, Gosport 441 Hiram's L., Swan Tavern, Swan St. Minories 501 Northwick, Cheshire 602 Lodge of Unity, Three Crowns, Litchfield 1782. 603 The Prince of Wales's L., Thatched House Tavern, 442 St. George's E. York Militia L., East Riding, Key of St. James's Street York Militia 504 L. at Astrea Riga, with permission to assemble in the 443 L. of Science, Parade Coffee House, Salisbury Duchy of Courland 444 Old British and Ligurian L., Genoa 505 Royal Denbigh L., Red Lion, Denbigh THE FOUR OLD LODGES. *3 FROM LIST FOR 1792. 606 Lodge Absalom. Hare met sinoe 1740. Hambonrg 548 Wrekin L., Pheasant, Wellington, Shropshire 507 L. St. George do. 1743. Hambonrg 549 L. of Tranquility, Three Tuns, Manchester 608 L. Emanuel do. 1774. Hambonrg 550 Independent L., Congleton, Cheshire 509 L. Ferdinand and Caroline do. 1776. Hambonrg 551 Albion L., Skipton, Yorkshire 510 L. of Perfect Harmony, St. Thomas Monnt, No. 8, 552 L. of Harmony, Halifax, Yorkshire Coast of Coromandel 553 L. of Good Fellowship, Chelmsford, Essex 511 L. of Social Friendship, at Madras, No. 4, Coast of 654 L. of Friendship, Oldham, Lane. Coromandel 655 L. of the North Star, at Fredericksnagore, Bengal 512 L. of Trichinopoly, No. 5, Coast of Coromandel 556 Calpean L., at Gibraltar 513 L. of Social Friendship, St. Thomas Monnt, No. 6, Coast of Coromandel 1790. 514 Prinoe of Wales L., White Lion, Gainsborough, Lincoln 515 St Paul's Lodge, Montreal, in Canada 557 Friendly Lodge, Nag's Head, Leather Lane, Holborn 516 In the Regiment of Anholt Zerbst, in Canada 658 Harodim L., F.M.T. 617 L. of Unity, Fort William Henry, in Canada 659 Harmony L., Dolphin, Chichester, Sussex 518 St. James's L., Cataragni, in Canada 560 Royal Clarence L., Frome, Somerset 519 Select L., Montreal, in Canada 661 Corinthian L., Newark, Nottinghamshire 520 New Oswegatchio L., in Canada 562 St. John's L., Leicester 621 St. John's L., Niagara, in Canada 563 L. Archimedes, of the Three Tracing Boards, Alton- burgh, Germany 1788. 564 L. of the Three Arrows, at Nuraberg, Germany 522 Pythagorean L., Castle, Richmond, Surrey 565 L. of Constancy, at Aix la Chapelle, Germany 523 Wiltshire L., Black Swan, Devizes 566 L. of the Rising Sun, at Kempton in Swabia, Germany 524 L. of Unanimity, Swan, llminster, Somerset 567 L. of the Temple of True Concord, at Cassell, Germany 625 Salopian L., Fox, Shrewsbury 668 L. of Charles of Unity, at Carlsrnhe, Germany of 626 Bank of England L., Guildhall Coffee House, King St., 669 L. Perfect Equality, at Greyfield, Germany Cheapside 570 L. Astreaof the Three Elms, at Ulm, Germany 527 L. of Honour and Perseverance, Ship, Cookermouth, 571 L. St. Charles of the Red Tower, at Ratisbon, Germany Cumberland 572 L. of Solid Friendship, a* Trichinopoly, No. 7 Coast of 528 Philanthropic L., Bull, Melford, Suffolk Coromanandel, Germany 529 Duke of York's L., Black Boy, Doncaster 573 Red Lion, Stockport, Cheshire 530 Royal Yorkshire L., Keighley, Yorkshire 574 Raindeer Inn, Worcester 531 The Old Globe L., Scarborough 575 L. of Fortitude, Golden Shovel, Lancaster 532 L. of Napthali, Salford 533 L. of Unity, Royal Oak, Manchester 1791. 534 Blackmoor's Head, Churchyard, Manchester 576 Silurean L., Sun Inn, Kingston, Herefordshire 635 L. of Fidelity, Burnley, Lace. 677 L. of Friendship, Gibraltar 678 Bedford L., Tavistock, Devon 1789. 579 L. of Amity, Rochdale, Lano. 536 Egerton L., Whitchurch, Shropshire 680 At Aberistwith, S. Wales 537 Star and Garter, Pall Mall 581 L. of the Silent Temple at Hildesheim, Germany 538 L. of Unity, at Dantzig 582 Doric L., Grantham, Lincoln 539 St. John's L. of Secrecy and Harmony, at Malta 583 St. John's L., Henley in Arden, Warwickshire 540 Country Stewards' L., F.M.T. In MS. 641 At Frederickton, New Brunswick 542 Cambrian L., Brecon, S. Wales 584 Loyal and Prudent L., Leeds 543 Royal Clarence L., White Horse, Brighthelmitone, 585 L. of Love and Harmony, Barbadoes. Constituted as a Sussex Stewards' Lodge 544 L. of Harmony, White Hart, in the Drapery, North- 586 L. at Bulam, on the Coast of Africa. Constituted 25th ampton February 1792. 545 Beneficent L., Macclesfield, Cheshire 587 North Nottinghamshire L., East Retford. Constituted 646 Royal York L., White Lion, Bristol 21st March 1792. 647 L. Frederic, Charles Joseph of the Golden Wheel, at 588 L. of St. George, North Shields. Constituted 7th April* Mentz 1792. 10 74 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Lodges erased since the Alteration of the Numbers in 1781 for not conforming to the Laws of the Society.* * From Freemasons' Calendar 1788. 1781. 371 Royal Military L., Ship, Woolwich 390 L. of Justice, Preston, Lane. 74 Philanthropic L., Queen's Head, Grays Inn Gate 395 Temple L., Bath Chair Quay, Bristol 164 Lodge of Utility, White Hart, Holborn 320 L. at Blandford, Dorset 1785. 90 Black Bear, Cambridge 1782. 117 Angel and Porter, Golden Lane, Barbican 11 King's Arms, Wandsworth 13 Anchor and Baptist's Head L. 121 Chequers, Charing Cross 34 Sir John Fa] staff, Old St. Boad Corinthian L., St. Soho 124 L. in Ld. Ancram's Begt. of Drag. 158 Church 151 White Lion, Shadwell 168 Caledonian L., King's Head, Poultry 200 Saracen's Head, Chelmsford 339 L. of Freedom, Bull, Maldon 399 L., Weymouth 242 Assyrian L., Swan, Oxford St. Weymouth 418 St. Peter's L., Black Bull, Borough High St. 261 Angel, Angel St., St. Martin's le Grand 288 L. of Happiness, Ship, Batoliff Cross l7bo. 326 Hiram's Cliftonian L., Angel, Wardonr St. 341 White Hart, St. Thomas, Southwark 26 White Lion, Lynn Regis 354 Union L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 6 116 Black Bear, Cambridge 355 Beaufort L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 7 159 Sea Captains' L., Yarmouth 383 Helvetic Union L., Paul's Head, Cateaton St. 162 Angel, Crediton, Deron 392 L. at Spanish Town, Jamaica, No. 10 165 Golden Lion, Leeds 420 Mariners' L., White Bear, Basinghall St. 169 Square and Compass, Whitehaven 227 Ship, St. Ires, Cornwall L. of Contentment, General Wolfe, Plymouth Dock 1783. 269 289 Exeter Inn, Teignmouth, Devon 76 Ball, High St. Bristol 417 L. of Good Fellowship, Woolwich 203 St. George's L., Taunton 425 All Saint's L., Rothbnry, Northumberland 243 Black Bull, Carlisle 458 Bath (united to No. 39), now the R. Cumberland L., at 297 Bacchus, Halifax, Yorkshire the Bear, Bath 322 L. of Friendship, Hand and Bottle, Bridgenorth 1787. 1784. 166 St. David's L., Holywell, N. Wales 276 Jerusalem L., King St. Golden Sq. 397 White Horse, Baldock, Herts 357 Union L., Taunton, Somerset 437 Daiston, Cumberland THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 75 LIST No. 17. List of Lodges 1792-1813. List of Lodges with their Numbers as altered, by order of the Grand Lodge, 18th April 1792. (From Freemasons9 Calendar 1793). The Stewards Lodge (constituted 1735) Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street, 3rd Wednesday from October to May. Public Nights, 3rd Wednesday in March and December. No. Ho. and Name 17M-1A1S. No. Mo. ana Name 17M-L8ia. 1781.81 vm-n Time Immemorial. 1730. 1 L. of Antiquity, Freemasons' Tavern, Gt. Queen St. 27 25 Castle L., White Swan, Mansel St. Goodman's Fields (formerly Goose and Gridiron, St Paul's Church- 28 26 The Corner Stone L., Thatched House Tavern, St. y«rd) James's Street 2 Somerset House L., Freemasons' Tavern 29 27 Britannic L., Star and Garter, Pall Ifall 30 28 Well Disposed L. } at the Cock, Waltham Abbey 1721. 31 29 Lodge of Fortitude, Hamburgh Arms, East Smithleld L. of Friendship, Thatched Tavern, James's 3 House St 1731. Street 4 4 British L., White Horse, King Street, Golden Square 32 30 Sociable L., Horn Tavern, Doctors Commons 5 5 Westminster and Keystone L., Horn Tavern, Palace 33 31 Medina L., Vine, West Cowes Yard 35 32 King's Arms, Mary bone Street, Piccadilly 36 33 Anchor and Hope, Bolton-le- Moors, Lane. 37 34 Sarum L. (P. Rm.), George Court, High St. Salisbury 1722. 38 35 St. John's L., Half Moon, Fore Street, Exeter 6 6 L. of Fortitude, Roebuck, Oxford Street 7 7 L. of St. Mary-la-bonne, Cavendish Square Coffee House 1733. 8 8 Ionic L., Kings Arms, Brook St. Grosvenor Square 39 36 Royal Cumberland L., Bear Inn, Bath 9 9 Dundee L. (P. Rm.), Arms Red Lion St. Wapping 40 37 L. of Relief, Swan, Bury, Lane. 41 38 St. Paul's L., Shakespear Tavern, Birmingham 1723. 42 39 Royal Exchange, Boston, in New England 10 10 Kentish Lodge of Antiquity, Sun Tavern, Chatham 43 40 Valenciennes, French Flanders 11 11 Kings Arms, Wandsworth, Surrey 12 12 L. of Emulation, Pauls Head Tavern, Cateaton Street 1734. 14 13 Fraternal L., Mitre Street, Church Greenwich 44 41 Strong Man, East Smithfield, late the Ship at the 15 14 Globe L., Globe Tavern, Fleet Street Hermitage 16 15 Jacob's Ladder, Now London Tavern, Cheapside 1735. 1724. 45 42 Swan, Wolverhampton 17 16 White Swan, St. Peter's, Norwich 46 43 Union L. of Freedom and Ease, Coal Hole, Fountain 18 17 L. of Antiquity, King's Arms, Portsmouth Court, Strand 19 18 Castle L. of Harmony, Horn, Doctors Commons 48 44 L. of Industry, Rose and Crown, Swalwell, Durham 20 19 L. of Philanthrophy, Black Lion, Stockton-upon-Tees, 49 45 Soloman's L., Charlestown, S. Carolina Durham 60 46 Soloman's L., No. 1, Savannah, in Georgia 51 47 Angel, Colchester 1725. 1736. 21 20 Globe, Fleet Street 62 48 King's Head, Norwich 22 21 Old King's Arms Lodge, Freemasons' Tavern 53 49 L. of St. George de l'Observanoe, Bedford Coffee House, Covent Garden 1727. 54 60 Constitutional L., Old Crown and Cushion, Lambeth 23 22 St. Alban's Lodge, Thomas's Tavern, Dover Street, Marsh Piccadilly 55 51 Howard L. of Brotherly Love, Crown, Arundel, Sussex 1728. 1737. 62 L., in 24 23 L. of Attention, Freemasons' Tavern 56 Parham Parham, Antigua 57 53 City L., Ship Tavern, Leadenhall Street 68 64 L. of Felicity, Braund's Head, Bond Street 1729. 59 55 Vacation L., Star and Garter, Paddington 25 24 St. John's L., at Gibraltar 60 56 L. of Affability, Castle Inn, New Brentford 76 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Ho. ami 17M-1&1X. So. K*. an* luu 17WS-M1*. Smw 1738. 1754. 61 57 Boyal Nary L., near Wapping Old Stairs 113 103 Druids L. of Love and Liberty, London Inn, Redruth, 62 68 Boyal Chester L., Feathers' Inn, Bridge St, Cheater Cornwall 63 59 Baker's L., St. John's, Antigua 114 104 Rose and Crown, Crown St Westminster 64 60 L. of Peace and Harmony, London Stone Tarern, 115 105 Castle and Lion, St Peter's, Mancroft, Norwich Cannon Street 116 106 Scientific L., Eagle and Child, Cambridge 65 61 Union Cross, Halifax and Yorkshire 118 107 St. Michael's L., City of Scherwin, Dutchy of Mecklen- 66 62 The Great L., St. John's, Antigua burg 67 63 L. of Fortitude, White Horse, Hanging Ditoh, Man- 119 108 St. James's L., Blue Posts, Berwick St. Soho chester 120 109 No. 2 St. Eustatius 1739. 122 110 Ancient French L., French Hotel, Leicester Fields 123 111 L. of Unanimity, Bulls Head, Manchester 69 64 Mother L., at Kingston, Jamaica, No. 1 70 65 Mother L., Scotch Arms, at St. Christopher, Basseterre 1755. of Sincerity, Joiners' and Feltmakers' Arms, Joiner 71 66 L. 125 112 8th King's Own Beg. Foot Street, Sonthwark 126 113 Gloucester L., George and Blue Boar Inn, Holborn 67 L. of Peace and Plenty, Bed Lion, Horseleyd. Lane 72 127 114 L. at Wilmington, Cape Fear River, N. Carolina 73 68 Grenadiers' L., Coach and Horses, Frith St, Soho 128 115 Sea Captains' L., Greenhalgh's Coffee House, Liverpool 1740. 129 116 Union L., Charlestown, S. Carolina 130 117 L. of Regularity, Thatched House Tavern, St. James 75 69 Lodge of Prudence, Griffin, Half Moon St., Piccadilly Street 77 70 Star in the East, at Calcutta, 1st L. of Bengal 131 118 L. of Freedom and Ease, Three Jolly Batchers, Old 78 71 St. Michael's L., in Barbadoes Street Road 134 119 Swan, Yorktown, Virginia 1742. 185 120 Wounded Hart, Norwich 79 72 L. of Unity, Bepository Coffee House, Little St Martin's 136 121 Phoenix L., Sunderland, Durham Lane 137 122 Grand L. Frederick, at Hanover 80 73 Old Road, St. Christopher's 138 123 Plume of Feathers, Chester 81 74 The Union, Frankfort, in Germany 1756. 1743. 139 124 St. David's L., King's Arms Coffee House, Brook St. 82 75 Prince George L., George Town, Winyaw, S. Carolina 140 125 A Masters' L., Charlestown, S. Carolina 141 126 Port Royal L., Carolina 1747. 142 127 L. of St. George, Island of St. An Croix, W. Indies 83 76 Queen's Head, Accle, Norfolk 143 128 Burlington L., Coach and Horses, Burlington Street 84 77 L. at St. Eustatius 1757. 1748. 144 129 Sea Captains' L., King's Head, High Street, Sunderland 85 78 Maid's Head, Norwich 145 130 Providence L., Bhode Island So 79 Prince George's L., Plymouth 146 131 Shakespear, Covent Garden 147 132 St. Mary's L., St. Mary's Island, Jamaica 1749. 148 133 King's Arms, Blakeney, Norfolk 87 80 Bed Cow, St. Giles's, Norwich 149 134 Fountain, Broad Street, Carnaby Market 88 81 Second L., Boston, New England 152 135 St. John's L., Anne Street, New York 89 82 No. 1, Halifax, in Nova Scotia 1758. 1750. 153 136 King's Head, Cottishall, Norfolk 91 83 Marblehead L., in Masaachusets Bay, New Eng. 154 137 L. of Unity, King's Arms, Plymouth 92 84 St. Christopher's, at Sandy Point 155 138 Beaufort L., Shakespear, Princes Street, Bristol 98 85 Newhaven L., in Connecticut, New Eng. 157 139 Lodge at Bombay, in the East Indies 1751. 1759. 94 86 Unicorn, St. Mary's, Norwich 160 140 L. of Fortitude, Half Moon, George Street, Plymouth 95 87 Lodge of Love and Honour, Boyal Standard, Falmouth Dock 96 88 Star Tav., upon the Quay, Gt. Yarmouth, Norfolk 161 141 The Sun, at Newton Abbott, Devonshire 97 89 L. of Freedom, Gravesend 98 90 Sea Capts. L., Nags Hd., Leadenhall St. 1760. 163 142 London L., London Coffee House, Ludgate Hill 1752. 99 91 St. John's L., Bridge Town, Barbadoes 1761. 100 92 George L., Roso and Crown, Downing St. Westmstr. 167 143 L. of Industry and Perseverance, Calcutta, No. 2 L. of 102 93 The Stewards' L., Freemasons' Hall, Madras Bengal 193 94 St. Peter's L., Barbadoes 170 144 Restoration L. (P. Room), at Priest Gate, Darlington 171 145 Union L., Crow Lane, Bermuda 1753. 104 95 Old Cumberland Lodge, Bed Lion, Old Cavendish St., 1762. Oxford St 172 146 St. George's L., Globe Inn Exeter 105 96 Foundation L., Freemasons Tar., Gt. Qn. St 173 147 British Union L., Golden Lion, Ipswich 106 97 United L. of Prudence, Horse Grenadier, nr. North 174 148 Boyal Frederick, at Rotterdam Audley 175 149 Royal Lancashire L., Hole in the Wall, Colne, Lane. 107 98 Lily Tav., Guernsey 176 150 St. Alban's L., Shakespear Tavern, Birmingham 109 99 Fountain, Brigg*s Lane, Norwich 177 151 Merchants' L., Quebec 110 100 Evangelist's L., Moutserratt 178 152 St. Andrew's L., Quebec 111 101 LegB of Man, at Prescot, Lane. 179 153 St. Patrick's Lodge, Quebec 112 102 Boyal Exchange, Norfolk, in Virginia 180 154 St. Peter's L., Montreal THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 77 No. Ho. and Hun« 17M-1813. No. Ho. and Name 1709-1813. 1781-81 1781.91 182 155 Select L., Quebec 253 213 Union L., Rising Sun, Castle Ditch, Bristol 183 156 52nd Regiment of Foot, Quebec 254 214 At Grenoble, in France 184 157 Royal Navy L., 3 Kings' Head, Deal 256 215 L. of Morality, King's Head, Old Compton Street, Soho 185 158 L. of Friendship, Crown, Lynn Regis, Norfolk 257 216 Three Lions, Marlborough in Hessia 186 169 L. of Inhabitants, Gibraltar 258 217 L. of Honor and Generosity, Turk's Head, King Street, 187 160 Palladian L., Bowling Green, Uoreford Holborn 188 161 Door to Virtue, Heldesbam, Germany 259 218 L. of Union, Three Jolly Hatters, Bermondsey Street 260 219 Royal York of Friendship, at Berlin, Middle Mark of 1763. Brandenburg 262 220 British Union, Rotterdam 189 162 Union L., White Lion, Nottingham 263 221 St. John's L., Long Room, Hampstead 190 163 St. Marks L., S. Carolina 264 222 Three Pillars, Rotterdam 192 161 L. of Regularity, St. John's Hall, Black River, Mosquito 265 223 Royal Hart L., Halifax, Shore White North Carolina 266 224 L. of Amity, White Horse, Preston, Lancashire 193 165 Old Black Ball, Richmond, Yorkshire 267 225 L. of Amity, Canton, in China 195 166 Marquis of Granby L. (P. Room), Old Elvit, Durham 268 226 AU-Sonls' L., Tiverton, in Devonshire 196 167 L. of Amity, St. George's Quay, Bay of Honduras 270 227 L. of Friendship, Angel, Ilford, Essex 197 168 Thorn, at Burnley in Lancashire L., Rose and Crown, St. Catherine Street, near 198 169 Union 1768. the Tower 199 170 Royal Meoklenbargh L., White Lion Inn, Croydon, 271 228 L. of Concord, Two Angels and Crown, Little St. Surrey Martin's Lane 272 229 Mona L., King's Head, at Holyhead, Anglesea, N. Wales 1764. 274 230 La Yictoire, City of Rotterdam, in Holland 275 231 L. of Sincerity, Jamaica House, Rotherhithe 201 171 Royal L., Thatched House Tavern, St. James's St. 277 232 Caveao L., Angel, Hammersmith 202 172 La Sagesse, St. Andrews, at the Grenadoes 278 233 In the 24th Regiment Foot 204 173 White Lion, Kendal, Westmoreland 279 234 Constant Union, the City of Ghent, in Flanders 205 174 St. Nicholas L., The Swan, Harwich 281 235 Godolphin L., St. Mary's Island, Scilly 206 175 White Hart, Ringwood, Hants 282 236 Manchester L., Crown, St. Dunstan's Passage, Fleet 207 176 L. of Harmony, Red Lion, Faversham Street 208 177 Salutation, Topsham, Devonshire 283 237 L. of Perfect Union, in His Sicilian Majesty's Regt. of 209 178 Horse Shoe and Magpye, Worcester St. Park, Sonthwark Foot, Naples 210 179 Philharmonic L., Bell, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire 284 238 L'Esperanco, Thatched House Tav. St. James's St. 211 180 Caledonian L., Half Moon Tavern, Graoechnroh Street 285 239 Queen Charlotte's L., Coackmakers' Arms, Hosier Lane, 212 181 L. of Perpetual Friendship,, Lamb Inn, Bridgewater, W. Smithfield Somerset 1769. 1765. 286 240 Sun L., City of Flushing, Province of Zealand 214 182 L. St. John Evan, Northumberland Arms, Goodge St., 287 241 Three Tuns, Stourbridge, Worcestershire Rathbone Place 290 242 L. of Unity, King Henry's Head, Red Lion St. White- 215 183 British Social L., White Bear, Old Street Sq. chapel 216 184 Tuscan L., Kings Head Tavern, Holborn 291 243 Royal George L., at Newton Abbott 217 185 Operative Masons, Cannon, Portland Rd. Marybone. 292 244 Beaufort L. f at Swansea 218 186 Gothic L., Foot Guards, Suttling House, Whitehall 293 245 Well Chosen L., at Naples 219 187 Old Antelope Inn, Pool, in Dorsetshire 294 246 L. of Virtue, White Lion, Market Place, Bath 220 188 Corinthian L., Cock and Bottle, Upper Brook Street, 295 247 Inflexible L., White Hart, Mitcham, Surrey Grosvenor Square 296 248 L. of Hospitality, Bush Tav., Corn Street, Bristol 221 189 Tontine, Sheffield, in Yorkshire 298 249 St. Peter's L., Cross Keys, Shad Thames 222 190 At Allost, in Flanders 299 250 No. 1, at Sweden 223 191 St. George's L„ Stratford Coffee House, Oxford Street 300 251 No. 2, at Sweden 225 192 Black Horse, Tombland, Norwich 301 252 No. 3, at Sweden 226 193 R. Edwin L., Angel, Bury St. Edmunds 302 253 Golden Lion, at Neston, Cheshire 228 194 St. Luke's L., Don Saltero's Coffee House, Chelsea 303 254 L. of Sinoerity, at the Peace and Fame, Plymouth Dock 229 195 L. at Joppa, in Baltimore County, Maryland 305 255 L. of St. John, Fleece Tavern, Manchester 230 196 L. of Perfect Friendship, White Hart Inn, Bath 231 197 At St. Hilary, Jersey 1770. 232 198 Swan, Warrington, Lancashire 306 256 L. of Perfect Harmony, at Mons, Austrian Netherlands 233 199 L. of Perfect Unanimity, Madras, No. 1, Coast of Coro- 308 257 L. of Friendship, Bunch of Grapes, Limehouse Hole mandel (revived) 1786 309 258 L. of Prosperity, Globe Tavern, St. Saviour's Church. 200 L. No. 1, Bencoolen yard, Southwark 237 201 Tortola and Beef Island 310 259 St. Charles de la Concord, in the City of Brunswiok 311 260 L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, Spread Eagle, Epsom 1766. 314 261 White Hart, Christohurch, Hants 238 202 L. of Unanimity, George and Crown, Wakefield, York- 316 262 L. of Concord, Barnard Castle, Durham shire 239 203 King's Arms Punch House, Shad Thames 1771. 240 204 English L. at Bourdeaux (have met since the year 1732) 317 263 Jerusalem L., Crown. Tav., Clerkenwell Green 241 205 Bedford L., Freemasons' Tav., Great Queen Street 318 264 L. of Industry, Ben. Jonson's Hd., Shoe Lane 245 206 Patriotic L., Greyhound, Croydon, Surrey 319 265 L. of Perfect Union, at Leghorn 247 207 Star L., Coach and Horses Inn, Northgate St., Chester 321 266 L. of Sincere Brotherly Love, at Leghorn 248 208 St. Nicolas L., Newcastle-upon-Tyne 323 267 Lodge of Perfect Union, St. Petersburgh 249 209 Sion L., North Shields, Northumberland 325 268 L. of Freedom, Prince George, Fore St. Plymouth Dock 250 210 L. of True Friendship, Seven Stars, Bromley, Middlesex 327 269 Junior L., Kingston, No. 2, in Jamaica 328 270 Harmony L., Kingston, No. 3, in Jamaica . 1767. 329 271 St. James's L., Montego Bay, No. 4, in Jamaica 251 211 Angel, Upper Ground, Christ Church, Sonthwark 330 272 Union L., St. James's Parish, No. 5, in Jamaica 252 212 L. of Integrity, Bull's Head Inn, Manchester 331 273 L. of Harmony, Blue Bell, Carlisle, Cumberland 78 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. No. No. and Name 179*.1813. Vo. No. and Name 17M-181S. 1781.91 rsi-91 1772. 1777. 333 274 Rising Sun L., at Fort Marlborough, East Indies 408 330 L. of The Nine Muses, Thatched House Tavern, St. 834 275 L. of Vigilance, Island of Grenada James's Street 335 276 L. of Discretion, Island of Grenada 410 331 Union L., Golden Lion, Thursday Market, York 336 277 Torbay L., Crown and Anchor, at Paignton, in Deron 411 332 Social L., White Hart, Booking, Essex 337 278 Union L., at St. Eustatius, West Indies 412 333 Gnoll L., Ship and Castle, Neath, Glamorganshire 338 279 L. of Candour, at Strasbourg 413 334 Lodge in the Island of Nevis 340 280 L. of Friendship, at Sir John Falstaff, Lower Water 414 335 In the 6th, or Inniskilling Regiment of Dragoons Gate, Deptford 415 336 Impregnable L., New Rose Inn, Sandwich 342 281 L. of Speights'-town, in Barbadoes 1778. 343 282 L. of Concord, at Antigua 344 283 Master Mariners' L., George Inn, Back Lane, St. 416 337 Lodge at Messina, in Sicily George-in-the-East 345 284 Royal Edmund L. at Bury St. Edmunds 1779. 346 285 Union L. at Venice 419 338 Northumberland L., Alnwick, Northumberland 347 286 Ledge at Verona 421 339 L. of Independenee, Vine Tavern, Broad Street, Ratoliff 348 287 L. of Liberty, King's Arms, Vauxhall 422 340 Pilgrim L., Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street 350 288 The 6th Lodge of Bengal, at Calcutta 423 341 L. of Fortitude, Bell Inn, Maidstone, Kent 1780. 1773. 426 342 L. of St. George, in the 1st Regt. of Dragoon Guards 289 L. at Detroit in Canada 356 427 343 St. Hild's L., South Shields, Durham 358 290 Apollo L., at York 428 344 Merchants' L., Star and Garter Tavern, Liverpool Jehosaphat, 859 291 L. of Rummer Tavern, Bristol 430 345 L. at Liebau, in Courland 10th L. of 360 292 The Bengal, with 3rd Brigade at Cawnpore 431 346 L. at Naples 361 293 L. of Humility with Fortitude, the 11th L. of Bengal 432 3-17 St. Michael's L., Alnwiok, Northumberland at Calcutta 433 348 St. George's L., Town Hall, Donoaster 363 294 St. John's L. at Newmarket 364 295 L. of Union, Hi 11 gate, Town of Gateshead, Durham 1781. 365 296 Williamsburg L. at Williamsburg, Virginia Alfred L., Wetherby, Yorkshire 366 297 Botetourt L. at Botetourt, Virginia 434 349 L. of Rural Friendship, Rowelle's Tavern, Chelsea 367 298 L. Frederick at Cassel in Germany 435 350 Rodney L., Kingston.upon-Hull 368 299 L. of Good Friends at Rousseau, in Dominica 436 351 438 352 L. of Friendship, Dartmouth, Devonshire 439 353 L. of Reformation, Bricklayers' Arms, Flaggon Row, 1774. Deptford 440 354 La Loggia della Verita, Naples 369 300 L. of Liberty and Sincerity, Crown Inn, Bridgewater 441 355 Hiram L., Sugar Loaf, Gt. St. Helen's Street, Mary Axe Somerset 370 301 L. of Prudence, Boot and Shoe, Leigh, Lane 1782. 372 302 Unity L., No. 2, at Savannah, in Georgia 442 356 St. George's, E. York Militia L. in East Riding of York 373 303 L. of the Nine Muses, No. 1, at Petersburgh, in Russia Militia 374 304 L. of The Muse Urania, No. 2 t at Petersburgh, in Russia 443 357 L. of Science, Parade Coffee House, Salisbury 375 305 L. of Bellona, No. 3, at Petersburgh, in Russia 414 358 Old British and Ligarian L., Genoa 376 306 L. of Mars, No. 4, at Yassy, in Russia 447 359 Mount Sinai L., St. John's, Antigua 377 307 L. of The Muse Clio, No. 5, at Moscow, in Russia 360 L. of True Love and Unity, Brixham, Devon 378 308 St. Bede's L., Wheatsheaf, Morpeth, Northumberland 448 Peace, Joy, and Brotherly 379 309 Lodge of Harmony, at Guernsey 449 361 L. of Love, Penryn, Cornwall 1783. 1775. 450 362 Mariner's L., New Dock, Liverpool Minerva L., Hal', Yorkshire 382 310 Durnoyarian L., Royal Oak, Dorchester, Dorset 451 363 of Good Intention, in or 383 311 Helvetic Union L., Ship, Leadenhall Street 452 364 L. North 2nd Regt. Devon Militia 384 312 Sun and Sector, Workington in Cumberland L., Inn, Barnstaple 385 313 St. Jean de Nouvelle, Esperanee, in Turin 453 365 Loyal Globe Apollo L., Parade Coffee House, 386 314 True and Faithful L., Whito Bear, West Mailing, in 454 366 Salisbury Kent 1784. 387 315 Grenadiers L., at Savannah, in Georgia 388 316 L. of St. George in the East, the 12th L., of Bengal, 455 367 L. of Placentia, Newfoundland with the 3rd Brigade 456 368 Holmesdale L. of Freedom and Friendship, Bell, 389 317 Green Island L. at Green Island, No. 8, Jamaica Reigate, Surrey 391 318 L. of Lucca, Parish of Hanover, No. 9, Jamaica 457 369 Harmonic L., Bull Inn, Dudley, Worcestershire 393 319 Union L. of Savannah le Mar, No. 11, Jamaica 459 370 African L., Boston, New England 394 320 Union L., at Detroit in Canada 460 371 L. of Truth, Crown, Twickenham, Middlesex 461 372 Raby L., Raby Castle, Staindrop, Durham 1776. 1785. 396 321 St. AndrewB L., Robin Hood, Charles Street, St. James's 462 373 Royal Gloucester L., Bell Inn, Gloucester 398 322 L. of Perseverance, Westminster Arms, Tuthill Street 463 374 L. of Concord, Old King's Arms, Plymouth Dock 400 323 L. of Concord, Guildhall, Southampton 464 375 La Parfaite Amitie, at Avignon, Languedoo 401 324 Royal Oak L., Royal Oak, Ripon, Yorkshire 465 376 St. John's L., at Michlimacinao, Canada 403 325 L. of Honor, Blue Anchor, St. Ermins Hill, Broadway, 466 377 Barry L., in the 34th Regiment Westminster 467 378 Rainsford L., in the 44th Regiment 404 326 Industrious L., Kings Head, Canterbury 468 379 Tyrian L., George Inn, Derby 405 327 St. Peter's L., Bell, Upper Mount St. Groevenor Square 469 380 L'Egalite\ Coach and Horses, Frith St., Soho 406 328 King of Prussia, Penrith, Cumberland 470 381 Harbour Grace, Newfoundland 407 329 L. of United Friendship, Falcon Tavern, Gravesend 471 382 Trinity L., Golden Lion, Coventry THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 79 Ho. Ho. *n* Han 17M.181S. No. Ho. an* I»me 179S-1813. 1781-91 1781-91 473 383 L. of Unanimity, Sadler St., Wells, Somersetshire 530 439 Royal Yorkshire L., Devonshire Arms, Keighley, York- 474 384 L. of Harmony, Hampton Court shire 475 385 L. of St. George, White Hart, New Windsor, Berks 531 440 The Old Globe L., the Old Globe Inn, Scarborough 476 386 Thanet L., Parade Hotel, Margate 532 441 L. of Napthali, New Market Inn, Manchester 477 387 L. of Good Intent, Ship Tavern, Leadenhall Street 533 442 L. of Unity, Royal Oak, Manchester 478 388 White Lion, Whitchurch, Shropshire 534 443 L. of Union, St. John's Tavern, Manchester 479 389 L. of Perfect Friendship, King's Head, King St. Ipswich 535 444 L. of Fidelity, Thorn Inn, Burnley, Lancashire 480 390 L. of Unions, Spread Eagle, Pratt St. Lambeth 1789. 1786. 536 445 Egerton L., Coach and Horses, Whitchurch, Shropshire 481 391 L. of Independence, Castle and Falcon, Watergate St., 537 446 Star and Garter, Pall Mall Chester 538 447 L. of Unity, at Dantzick 482 392 L. of Benevolence, Antelope Inn, Sherborn, Dorset 539 448 St. John's L. of Secrecy and Harmony, Malta 483 393 St. Margaret's L., Rose and Crown, Dartmouth St., 540 449 Country Stewards' L., Freemasons' Tavern, Gt. Queen Westminster Street 484 394 L. of Friendship and Sincerity, Bed Lion Inn, Shaftes- 541 450 At Fredericton, New Brunswick, N. America bury, Dorset 542 451 Cambrian L., Swan Inn, Brecon, S. Wales 485 395 Phoenix L., George Tavern, Portsmouth 548 452 Royal Clarence L., White Horse, Brighthelmstone, 486 396 L. of the Black Bear, City of Hanover Sussex 487 397 St. John's L., Golden Cross, BroomsgroTe, Worcester- 544 453 L. of Harmony, at the White Hart, in the Drapery, shire Northampton 488 398 Camatio Military Lodge, at Yellore, No. 2, Coast of 545 454 Beneficent L., the Angel, Macclesfield, Cheshire Coromandel 546 455 Royal York L., Bush Tav., Corn St. Bristol 489 399 At Futty Ghur, Bengal 547 456 L. Frederick Charles Joseph, of the Golden Wheel, at 490 400 Hiram's L., at Gibraltar Mentz 491 401 L. of Goodwill, Braintree, Essex 548 457 Wrekin L., at the Pheasant, Wellington, Shropshire 492 402 L. of Sincerity, Buck and Vine, Wigan, Lancashire 549 458 L. of Tranquility, Three Tuns Tav., Smithy Door, Man- 493 403 Lodge of Harmony, Golden Lion, Ormskirk, Lancashire chester 494 404 Snowden L., Sportsman, Carnarvon, N. Wales 550 459 Independent L., at the Blk. Lion and Swan, Congleton, Cheshire 1787. 551 460 Albion L., at Skipton, Yorkshire 495 405 L. of St. Charles, at Hildeborghausen 652 461 L. of Harmony, Angel Inn, Halifax, Yorkshire 406 St. MatheVs L., Barton - upon- Humber L. of 497 553 462 Good Fellowship, Saracen's Hd. t Chelmsford, 498 407 Amphibious L., Stonehouse, near Plymouth Essex 499 406 Newtonian L., Elephant and Castle, Knaresborough 554 463 L. of Friendship, Angel, Oldham, Lancashire 500 409 Royal Navy L., Seahorse Tarern, Gosport 555 464 L. of the North Star, at Fredericksnagore, Bengal 501 410 L. of Trade and Navigation, New Eagle and Child, 556 465 Calpean L., at Gibraltar Northwich, Cheshire 502 411 L. of Unity, Three Crowns Inn, Litchfield 1790. 503 412 Prince of Wales's L., Star and Garter, Pall Mall 557 466 Friendship L., Nag's Hd. Inn, Leather Lane, Holborn 604 413 L. Astrea at Riga, with permission to assemble in the 558 467 Harodim L., Freemasons' Tav., Gt. Queen Street Duchy of Courland 559 468 Harmony L., Dolphin Hotel, Chichester, Sussex 605 414 Royal Denbigh L., at the Crown Inn, Denbigh, N. Wales 560 469 Royal Clarence L., George Inn, Frome, Somersetshire 506 415 L. Absalom, have met since 1740 561 470 Corinthian L., Rutland Arms, Newark, Nottingham 507 416 L. of St. George, do. 1743 at Hambourg 562 471 St. John's L., Lion and Dolphin, Market Place, Lei- 508 417 L. Emanuel, do. 1774 at Hambourg cester 509 418 L. Ferdinand and Caroline, have met since 1776 at Hambourg 563 472 L. Archimedes, of the Three Tracing Boards, Altenburg, Germany 510 419 L. of Perfect Harmony, St. Thomas' Mount, No. 3, 564 473 L. of the Three Arrows, at Nurnberg, Coast of Coromandel Germany 565 474 ' L. of Constancy, at Aix la Chapelle, Germany 511 420 L. of Social Friendship, at Madras, No. 4, Coast of 475 L. of the Rising in Coromandel 566 Sun, Kempton Swabia, Germany 567 476 L. of the Temple of True Conoord, at Cassel, Germany 612 421 L. at Trichinopoly, No. 5, Coast of Coromandel 568 477 L. Charles of Unity, at Carlsruhe, Germany 513 422 L. of Social Friendship, St. Thomas' Mount, No. 6, 569 478 L. of Perfect Equality, at Creyfeld, Germany Coast of Coromandel 570 479 L. Astrea, of the Three Elms, at Ulm, Germany 514 423 Prince of Wales L., White Lion, Gainsborough, Lin. 571 480 L. of St. Charlos of the Red Tower, at Ratisbon, colnshire Germany 515 424 St. Paul's L., Montreal, Canada 572 481 L. of Solid Friendship, at Trichinopoly, No. 516 425 In the Regt. of Anhalt, Zerbst 7, Coast Coromandel 517 426 L. of Unity, at Fort William Henry, in Canada 573 482 Red Lion, Stockport, Cheshire 518 427 St. James's L., at Cataraqni, in Canada 574 483 Rein Deer Inn, Worcester 519 428 Select L., at Montreal, in Canada 575 • 484 L. of Fortitude, Golden Shovel, Lancaster 520 429 New Oswegatchie L., in Canada 521- 430 St. John's L. at Niagara, in Canada 1791. 1788. 576 485 Silurean L., Swan Inn, Kingston, Herefordshire 522 431 Pythagorean L., Castle Tavern, Richmond, Surrey 577 486 L. of Friendship, Gibraltar L., King's Arms, Tavistock, 523 432 Wiltshire L. t Black Swan, Devizes, Wiltshire 678 487 Bedford Devonshire 62-1 433 L. of Unanimity, Swan Inn, Ilminster, Somersetshire 579 488 L. of Amity, Swan Inn, Rochdale, Lancashire 525 434 Salopian L., at the Fox, in Shrewsbury 580 489 At Aberistwitb, S. Wales 526 435 Bank of England L., Guildhall Coffee House, King St. 581 490 L. of the Silent Temple, at Hildesheim, in Germany Cheapside 582 491 Doric L., George Inn, Grantham, Lincolnshire 627 436 L. of Honor and Perseverance, Ship, Cockermouth, 583 492 St. John L., at the Talbot, Henley-in-Arden, Warwick- Cumberland shire 528 437 Philanthropic L., Ball Inn, Melford, Suffolk 584 493 Loyal and Prudent Lodge, Leeds, Yorkshire 629 438 Duke of Yorks L., Black Boy Inn, Donoaater 585 494 L. of Love and Harmony, Barbadoes 80 THE FOUE OLD LODGES. No. Ho. and Name 1798-1813. Ho. and Name 1792-1813. 1781.91 1792. 556 Ebenezer L., Pately Bridge, Yorkshire 686 495 At Balam, on the Coast of Africa 557 South Saxon L., Lewes, Sussex 687 496 N. Nottinghamshire L., White Hart, East Betford 558 L. of Harmony, Tamworth, Warwickshire 688 497 L. of St. George, North Shields, Northumberland 559 L. of Unanimity and Industry, No. 2, Fort Marlborough, 498 Bawdon L., between the Lakes in Upper Canada Sumatra 499 Faithful L. Bideford, Devon , 1797. 500 L. of Prudence, at the Three Tans, Halesworth, Suffolk 501 Little White Swan, St. Peter's, Manoroft, Norwich 560 Prestonian L. of Perfect Friendship, Grays Thurrook, 502 L. of Love and Honour, Bell Inn, Shipton.Mallet, Essex Somerset 561 Lion L., Whitby, Yorkshire 503 Royal Gloucester L., East-street, Southampton 562 L. of Ferdinand, at the Bock (have met since 1788), at 504 Samaritan L., the Devonshire Arms, Keighley, Yorkshire Hambourgh 505 Philanthropic L., Bed Lion, Skipton, Yorkshire 563 Norwich Theatrical L., Angel, Norwich 506 L. of the Three Graces, Barnoldswiok, Craven, Yorkshire 564 L. of United Friends, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk 507 Bermuda L., St. George's, Bermuda 565 L. of Peace and Unity, Preston, Lane. 508 Noah's Ark L., Canal Coffee House, Middlewick, Cheshire 666 Boyal Cinque Port L., Seaford, Sussex 609 Beneficent L., Stockport, Cheshire 567 Social L., Hoop Inn, Cambridge 510 Urania L., Angel Inn, Glamford Bridge, Lincolnshire 611 L. of Harmony, Bacap, Lancashire 1798. * 512 L. of Fidelity, Old George Inn, Briggate, Leeds 568 L. at St. Helena 1793. 569 L. of Philanthropists, Surat, East Indies 570 The Jacob's L., Boyal Oak, Bamsgate 513 At the White Hart, Huddersfield, Yorkshire 571 L. of Truth, 1st Begt. Life Guards, Cadogan Arms, 614 Union Soho L., Parish of Handsworth, Staffordshire Sloan e Street 615 Cambridge New L., Bed Lion, Cambridge 572 L. of Attention, Green Dragon, Lynn, Norfolk 516 Shakespear L., White Lion, Stratford-upon-Avon, War- 573 L. of Innocence and Morality, Hindon, wickshire Wilts 574 L. of Unity, Peaoe, and Concord at Madras (No. 517 Rural Philanthropical L., Highbridge Inn, Huntspill, 9 C. of Coroman.) Somersetshire 518 At the Castle, Lord Street, Liverpool 1799. 519 Soarsdale L., Angel Inn, Chesterfield, Derbyshire 520 The King's Friends' L., Three Pidgeons, Nantwich, 575 Allman'B L., Admonbnry, Yorkshire Cheshire 576 Mariners' L., Selby, Yorkshire 621 Union L., Cornwall, Upper Canada 677 L. of the Three Grand Principles, Penryn, Cornwall 522 St. John's L. of Friendship, at Montreal 578 L. of Industry, Bridge North, Shropshire 623 Friendly Brothers' L., Roebuck, Newcastle, Staffordshire 579 L. of Prudence and Industry, Chard, Somersetshire 524 L. of Urbanity, Bear Inn, Wincanton, Somersetshire 580 L. of Affability, Robin Hood, Newton Lane, Man- 525 Constitutional L., Golden Ball, Beverley, Yorkshire Chester 526 Union L., Macclesfield, Cheshire 581 L. of Reason, Ashford, Kent 627 Boyal Brunswick L., Boyal Oak, Sheffield, Yorkshire 582 True and Faithful L., Helston, Cornwall 628 L. at Chunar, in the East Indies, 8th L. of Bengal 683 L. of Harmony, Hastings, Sussex 629 L. of Mars, Cawnpore, 9th L. of Bengal 684 L. of Fellowship, Winchester 630 Witham L., Bein Deer Inn, Lincoln 585 L. of Loyalty, Motham, Cheshire 631 L. of Unity, Yarmouth, Norfolk 1800. 632 L. of Harmony, Rochdale 633 Boyal Edward L., Leominster 586 L. in Island of Minorca 534 Lodge of St. John, at the Grapes, Lancaster 587 L. in Begt. of Loyal Surrey Bangers 1794. 1801. 535 L. of Emulation, Rose, Dartford, Kent 588 L. Gunther, of the Standing Lion, Rudolstadt (have met 536 L. of Minerva, Globe, Ashton-ander-Line, Lane. since 1787) 537 Apollo L., Angel, Alcester, Warwickshire 589 L. Charles Augustus, at Alstaedt, Germany 538 L. of Unity and Friendship, Brandford, Wilts 539 L. of Hope; Bradford, Yorkshire 1802. 640 Benevolent L., W. Teignmouth, Devon 590 St. Andrew's Union L., in 19th Begt. of Foot, Madras 541 in Boyal Begt. of Cheshire Militia L. (No. 10, C. of Coromaudel) 642 Philanthropic L., Leeds 591 L. of Philanthropists, in Scotch Brigade, Madras (No. 543 Crown, Nantwich, Cheshire f 11, C. of Coromandel) 544 Apollo L., Beooles, Suffolk 592 L. of Golden Hart, at Oldenburgh, in Germany (hate met since 1795. 1776) Globe L. at Lubeck (have met since 1779) 645 L. of St. Winifred, Holywell, Flintshire 594 L. of the Three Stars, Rostock 546 Alfred L., Leeds 595 Warren L., Warsergate, Nottingham 547 St. Bartholomew's L., Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire 696 St. Peter's L., Peterborough 648 L. of Peace and Good Neighbourhood, Wynnstay, Denbighshire 1804. 1796. 697 L. of the Crowned Serpent, Goerlitz, Germany (have 549 L. of Prince Frederiok, Stag, Heptonstall, Yorkshire met since 1764) 650 L. of Prince George, Bottoms, Stansfield 1805. 651 L. of Harmony, Gosport 652 Perfect L., B. A. Hotel, Woolwich L. of Apollo, Leipsiok, in Germany 653 L. of Strict Benevolence, Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire 1806. 554 Vectis L. of Peace and Concord 555 Union L., Carlisle L. of Unity, Unicorn, Stockport, Cheshire 600 L. of Peace, Coach and Horses, Stockport, Cheshire • End of 1792 List. The following from later Lists, 601 L. of Concord, Queen's Head, Stockport, Cheshire t From an earlier List. Out in 1814. 602 Moira L., New Inn, Staley Bridge, Lane. — — THE POUR OLD LODGES. 81 Ho. and Name 1798-181S. No. and Name 1TOS-181S. 1809. 1811. 603 La Loge de L'Amitie des Frerea Reunis, Port an Prince, 622 L. of Virtue and Silence, H adleigh, Suffolk Hayti 623 *L. of Loyalty, Guernsey 604 La Loge de L'Heareuse Reunion aax Cayes, Hayti 623 *St. David's L. of Perfect Friendship, Carmarthen 605 St. John's L., Ecoles, Lane. 624 Lodge of Friendship, Chichester, Surrey 606 Moira L., Bristol 625 Lodge of Virtue and Honour, Totnes, Dovon 607 Wigton St. John's L., Wigton, Cumberland 626 Union York L., in 2nd Regt. of West York Militia 608 Phoenician L., Col lampton, Devon 627 L. of Content and British Union, Island of Curaooa 609 St. Andrew's L., Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire 628 Royal Preston L., Preston, Lancashire 610 Orange L., Island of Guernsey 629 British L., at the Cape of Good Hope 611 Mariner's L., Island of Guernsey 612 L. of Harmony, Island of Guernsey 613 L. of Unity, Island of Guernsey 1812. 614 L. of Temperance and Morality, Market Lavington 631 St. John's L, Guildford, Surrey 632 L. of Rectitude, Westbury, Wilts 1810. 633 L. of Benevolenoe, Marple Bridge, Cheshire 615 Doyle's L. of Fellowship, at Guernsey 634 Royal George L., Newton-Bushel, Devon 616 At Torquay, Devon 635 L. of Candour, Delph, Yorkshire 617 L. of Brotherly Love, Martook, Somerset 686 L. of Perseverance, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk 618 Royal Cornwall L., Cornwall Regt. of Militia 637 Vitruvian L., Ross, Herefordshire 619 L. of Union, Blue Anohor, Portaea, Haass 638 La Loge les Freres Reanis, Kingston, Jamaica 620 Phoenix L. of Honour and Prudence, Truro, Cornwall 639 Royal Sussex L., Mermaid, Hackney 621 Torridzonian L., at Cape Coast Castle 640 L. of Unanimity, King of Prussia, Penrith, Cumberland * By an error of numbering, the L. of Loyalty, Guernsey, and St. David's L., Carmarthen, are both No. 623. No. 630 is omitted, the L. of Loyalty having refused to take that number. Freematona1 Calendar (MS.) The identification of Lodges, thronghont the foregoing series of Lists, has only been rendered possible through the courtesy of the Grand Secretary, in permitting access to officials records and documents, to whom I here express my grateful acknowledgments ; also to Bro. H. G. Buss, the obliging Assistant Grand Secretary, whose opinion on points of difficulty haying been readily given, will vest the conclusions arrived at with greater authority than they would otherwise command. My acknowledgments are also due to Bro. Walter Spencer (W.M. Bank of England Lodge, No. 263), for the loan of rare Masonic works/ as well as fob his scholarly criticism of these sheets whilst passing through the press. In conclusion, I would echo the words of a brother Craftsman (Elias Ashmole), penned nearly two-and-a-half centuries ago : " And what presumptuous Mistaks, or Errors, the Candid Reader shall meet with, will (I hope) be censured with no lesse Favour and Charity, than that whereby they are wont to Judge the Faults of those they esteem their Friends and Well-wishers" 11 82 THE POUR OLD LODGES. * ADDENDA. pp 23-26 (§21 III.) The expression " Chapitres," which occurs quished its privilege of nominating* one of the Grand Stewards on in the original Norman-French of the Statutes 34 Edw. III. o. iz. 8th February 183-1, in consequence of the reduction of its numerical (1360.61) and 3 Hen. VI. c. i. (1425), is rendered as " Chapters " and strength. This surrender, it may be added (on the authority of the " " " Chapiters respectively, in the translations of the two enactments. original correspondence) , was accepted by the Duke of Sussex with The publication, however, of these Statutes in English, was deferred much regret." until the 16th century (circa 1519), and we possess direct evidence that in 1383 (p 25) the meetings legislated against in 1360-61 and " 1425, under the name of Chapitres/' were styled in the vernacular p 50, List No. 11 (List of Lodges 1730-32). No. 79 on this List, "Conventicles." The language of —a law of 1529 (21 Hen. VIII. o. The Castle, at Highgate (constituted 1731), paid two guineas for its xvi.) is confirmatory of this view "And that none of the said constitution on 21st November 1732. If, therefore, the Lodge at the straungers, artyfioere, or handycraftes men, should assemble in any Hoop, Philadelphia, was ever placed at this number (as contended by company, felowship, congregaoyon, or oonventyole, but onely in the Bro. Hughan), it must have got there after November 1732! All Comon Hall of their Craftes," etc. experience shews, however, that if a foreign Lodge was once placed on the roll, there it remained for a long series of years. Thus the p 25, note 5, to add .—The Statute 1 Edward VI. o. xiv. has Lodges at Madrid, Paris, and Aubigny (constituted respectively in the following—* Corporaoions, guyIdes, fraternities, companyes and " 1727, 1732, and 1735) were not removed from the Official Calendar felowshippes of misteryes or Crafts.' until 27th January 1768, though they had probably ceased to work p 32 (§ 24 VII.) The Pilgrim Lodge, No. 238, the only Lodge in within a few years of the dates of their establishment. (See List • England conducting its proceedings in the German language, relin- No. 13, note 13). CORRIGENDA. " " — raising Masons, p 37, note 4, line five from bottom, for knew their origin read p 42 (§ 30) to read " The power of passing and " know their origin." continuously possessed by the old Lodges, from the introd notion of the second and third degrees respectively, may be dismissed in a few 40, note 6, line two from bottom, for " comparies " read " com- p words," etc. panies." London : Printed at the Office of The Fbexmason's Chronicle, 67 Barbican, E.C.