DOCSLIB.ORG

Expression of the Proopiomelanocortin Gene Is

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Expression of the Proopiomelanocortin Gene Is Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 84, pp. 1600-1604, March 1987 Developmental Biology Expression of the proopiomelanocortin gene is developmentally regulated and affected by germ cells in the male mouse reproductive system (testis/gene expression/cellular interactions/opioid peptides/paracrine regulation) ELENA GIZANG-GINSBERG AND DEBRA J. WOLGEMUTH* Department of Genetics and Development and The Center for Reproductive Sciences, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 Communicated by Seymour Lieberman, November 10, 1986 ABSTRACT Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), a major pitu- Cellular differentiation occurs at discrete timepoints during itary product, is also present in the adult mouse testis. We have the development of the mammalian testis, resulting in a shown previously that POMC mRNAs are most abundant in a complex tissue composed of both hormone-producing and subpopulation ofLeydig cells associated with tubules in specific hormone-responsive cells. The germ and somatic cells are stages ofthe cycle ofthe seminiferous epithelium. In the present influenced by hormonal changes during development. study, we examined the expression of the gene encoding POMC POMC-related peptides have been reported to be present in during testicular development and in other tissues of the male the fetal testis and adult testis and at more reduced levels in reproductive system. We also analyzed the effects of cellular the prepuberal testis (6). Regulation at either the transcrip- interactions on POMC gene expression in the testis. Blot- tional or translational level could account for the different hybridization analysis revealed that POMC transcripts of -800 levels of POMC-like peptides observed. nucleotides were present in enriched populations of meiotic POMC-derived peptides have also been observed in other prophase spermatocytes and in caput epididymis but were regions ofthe male reproductive tract, notably the epididymis absent in cauda epididymis and vas deferens. POMC tran- (2). A recent study has provided evidence for local synthesis scripts were present in fetal testis (day 17 of gestation to ofPOMC within the rat epididymis (5). The epididymis is also newborn), could not be detected in prepuberal testis (days 7-8 a complex tissue with unique protein synthetic patterns in the postpartum), but reappeared in the adult testis. No difference caput and cauda regions. The distribution of POMC tran- in the size or abundance ofPOMC transcripts was seen in testes scripts within these regions is not known. from mouse mutant strains in which spermatogenesis is arrest- To address these various points, in the present study we ed in early spermiogenesis. In contrast, POMC transcripts have: (i) determined if the expression of POMC transcripts is were virtually undetectable in testes that are devoid of germ restricted to testicular Leydig cells within the male repro- cells. These results emphasize the importance of interactions ductive system, (ii) examined the pattern of POMC mRNA between germ cells and interstitial cells and the regulation of expression during development of the mouse testis, and (iii) the POMC gene in the mammalian testis. determined if interactions between interstitial cells and cells contained within seminiferous tubules are important in the regulation of POMC expression, and ultimately in its func- The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene codes for the pre- in the cursorproteinforneuropeptides such as ,-endorphin, adreno- tion, testis. corticotropin, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones in the MATERIALS AND METHODS pituitary. Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated Source of Tissues and Cell Populations. Swiss Webster mice the presence of POMC-derived peptides in extrapituitary (Camm, Inc., Wayne, NJ) were the source of tissues or cell tissues, in particular, the mammalian testis (1, 2). We and populations for all experiments except those using mouse others have shown that these peptides probably result from mutant strains. Adult tissues were obtained from mice aged local synthesis, since POMC transcripts are also present in 60 days or older; neonatal testes were from animals at days testicular cells (3-5). POMC transcripts exist as a heteroge- 7-8 of postnatal development. Embryonic testes were dis- neous mRNA species of "-800 nucleotides (nt) in the testis sected from fetuses of pregnant females at day 17 to day 20 and are less abundant than the 1150-nt transcript observed in of gestation or from day 1 newborns (day of vaginal plug is the pituitary. designated day 0 of gestation). Enriched spermatogenic cell Our previous in situ results demonstrated that POMC populations were obtained by separation procedures de- transcripts in the mammalian testis are most abundant in a scribed by Wolgemuth et al. (7). Homozygous and hetero- subpopulation of somatic Leydig cells that are present in zygous littermates of quaking (B6C3Fe-a/a-qk) and interstitial regions associated with discrete tubule stages of atrichosis (ATEB/Le a/a dat/deb) strains were obtained the seminiferous Occasional from The Jackson Laboratory. Testes from mutant strains cycling epithelium (4). labeling were fixed in Bouin's fixative, embedded in paraffin, sec- of spermatogonia and spermatocytes within the adjacent tioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and visualized by tubules was also seen, suggesting that some proportion of light microscopy to confirm the presence or absence of germ POMC transcripts may result from expression in germ cells. cells. These results also suggest that the expression and possibly Sources of Probes. The following probes were used: (i) the function of POMC in the testis may be influenced by pMKSU-16, a 923-base-pair (bp) mouse POMC cDNA, interactions between interstitial cells and cells within the containing the entire POMC coding sequence and additional seminiferous epithelium. flanking sequences (8); (ii) pAl, a 2.0-kilobase (kb) chicken The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge Abbreviations: POMC, proopiomelanocortin; FT RNA, flow- payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" through RNA; nt, nucleotide(s). in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Downloaded by guest on September 23, 2021 1600 Developmental Biology: Gizang-Ginsberg and Wolgemuth Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 84 (1987) 1601 p-actin cDNA (9); and (iii) pabl sub3, a v-abl-specific probe A B (10). Plasmid and insert preparations were performed as described by Maniatis et al. (11). Inserts were labeled by 12345678 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nick-translation (12) using all four [32P]dNTPs, yielding specific activities of 1-4 x 108 cpm/gg. RNA Isolation and Blot-Hybridization Analysis. Cells and tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen, and RNA was isolated by using the lithium chloride precipitation method (13). Poly(A)+ RNA was selected by oligo(dT)-cellulose chroma- tography (Collaborative Research, Waltham, MA, type 3; ref. 14). RNA samples were electrophoresed on a denaturing 1.0% agarose/2.2 M formaldehyde gel, blotted onto nitrocel- 28S - lulose (11), and baked for 3 hr at 80'C. Prehybridizations with sonicated salmon sperm DNA and hybridizations to 32p_ labeled inserts in the presence of dextran sulfate were 18S - performed essentially as described by Wahl et al. (15). Washing conditions were exactly those as described (4). Exposure to x-ray film was at -70'C (1 day to 3 -, - 800 nt weeks). 0 . 4r _~- RESULTS Identification of POMC Transcripts in Enriched Testicular Cell Populations and Other Regions of the Male Reproductive Tract. POMC transcripts have occasionally been observed in germ cells by in situ hybridization analysis (4). Enriched FIG. 1. Blot-hybridization analysis of POMC transcripts in en- populations of spermatogenic cells were obtained to confirm riched germ-cell populations isolated from mature mouse testis. (A) this result by blot-hybridization analysis. Enrichments of RNA samples were electrophoresed and stained with ethidium bromide. (B) The separated RNAs were transferred to nitrocellulose, meiotic prophase spermatocytes (primarily pachytene: -78% hybridized with [32P]pMKSU-16 insert, and autoradiographed (ex- pure), early spermatids (postmeiotic: -85% pure), and re- posure, 2 weeks). Lanes: 1 and 2, poly(A)+ RNA (1.4 ,g) and FT sidual bodies and cytoplasmic fragments (anucleate cell RNA (30 Mg), respectively, from residual bodies and cytoplasmic fragments extruded from elongated spermatids: -95% pure) fragments; 3 and 4, poly(A)+ RNA (4 ,g) and FT RNA (30 ug), were obtained in these particular experiments (7). Leydig cell respectively, from early spermatids; 5 and 6, poly(A)+ RNA (4 Mg) contamination of each population was -4.0%, 1.0%, and and F RNA (30 ,g), respectively, from meiotic prophase sperma- 0.5%, respectively. RNAs were isolated, poly(A)-selected, tocytes; 7 and 8, poly(A)+ RNA (8 Mg) and FT RNA (30 Mg), and probed with the [32P]pMKSU-16 insert. POMC mRNAs respectively, from total testis. Molecular weights, determined from -800 nt long were clearly detected in poly(A)+ RNA from 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs, are indicated and were used as size standards for all analyses. The faint higher molecular weight band (*) total testis and meiotic prophase spermatocytes (Fig. 1B, is the result of previous hybridization with a testis-specific homeo- lanes 7 and 5) and to a lesser degree in early spermatids (Fig. box containing cDNA, pHBT-1 (16). 1B, lane 3). POMC transcripts were slightly enriched in meiotic spermatocytes compared to total testis RNA: the signal observed in meiotic prophase spermatocyte RNA (Fig. RNAs were also isolated from caput and cauda epididymis 1B, lane 5; 4 ,g) was of equal intensity to that observed with and vas deferens to determine if POMC is synthesized in twice the amount of total testis poly(A)+ RNA (Fig. 1B, lane these tissues. POMC transcripts (-800 nt) were seen in 7; 8 ,ug). No transcripts were observed in either poly(A)+ poly(A)+ RNA from caput epididymis (Fig. 2B, lane 4), RNA from residual bodies and cytoplasmic fragments (Fig. though much less abundantly than in the testis (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
    Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinto Mariaetelvina D.Pdf
    i ii iii Dedico À minha família Meu porto seguro... iv Agradecimentos À professora Dra. Rejane Maira Góes, pela sua orientação, ética e confiança. Obrigada por ter contribuído imensamente para o meu amadurecimento profissional e pessoal. Ao professor Dr. Sebastião Roberto Taboga pela sua atenção e auxílio durante a realização deste trabalho. Aos professores: Dr. Luis Antonio Violin Dias Pereira, Dra. Maria Tercilia Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira e Dra. Mary Anne Heidi Dolder pelo cuidado e atenção na análise prévia da tese e pelas valiosas sugestões. Aos professores: Dra. Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira, Dr. Marcelo Emílio Beletti, Dra. Cristina Pontes Vicente e Dra. Wilma De Grava kempinas pela atenção dispensada e sugestões para o aprimoramento deste trabalho. Ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural e a todos os docentes que dele participa, principalmente àqueles que batalham para que esse curso seja reconhecido como um dos melhores do país. v A secretária Líliam Alves Senne Panagio, pela presteza, eficiência e auxílio concedido durantes esses anos de UNICAMP, principalmente nos momentos de mais correria. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, pelo imprescindível suporte financeiro. Ao Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas de São José do Rio Preto, IBILCE-UNESP, por ter disponibilizado espaço físico para a realização da parte experimental deste trabalho. Ao técnico Luiz Roberto Falleiros Júnior do Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, IBILCE-UNESP, pela assistência técnica e amizade. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, IBILCE- UNESP: Fernanda Alcântara, Lara Corradi, Sérgio de Oliveira, Bianca Gonçalves, Ana Paula Perez, Manoel Biancardi, Marina Gobbo, Cíntia Puga, Fanny Arcolino, Flávia Cabral e Samanta Maeda, e todos que por ali passaram durante todos esses anos.
    [Show full text]
  • Male Reproductive System
    MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DR RAJARSHI ASH M.B.B.S.(CAL); D.O.(EYE) ; M.D.-PGT(2ND YEAR) DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY CALCUTTA NATIONAL MEDICAL COLLEGE PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A. Gonads – Two ovoid testes present in scrotal sac, out side the abdominal cavity B. Accessory sex organs - epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland and bulbo-urethral glands C. External genitalia – penis and scrotum ANATOMY OF MALE INTERNAL GENITALIA AND ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE Two principal cell types in seminiferous tubule Sertoli cell Germ cell INTERACTION BETWEEN SERTOLI CELLS AND SPERM BLOOD- TESTIS BARRIER • Blood – testis barrier protects germ cells in seminiferous tubules from harmful elements in blood. • The blood- testis barrier prevents entry of antigenic substances from the developing germ cells into circulation. • High local concentration of androgen, inositol, glutamic acid, aspartic acid can be maintained in the lumen of seminiferous tubule without difficulty. • Blood- testis barrier maintains higher osmolality of luminal content of seminiferous tubules. FUNCTIONS OF SERTOLI CELLS 1.Germ cell development 2.Phagocytosis 3.Nourishment and growth of spermatids 4.Formation of tubular fluid 5.Support spermiation 6.FSH and testosterone sensitivity 7.Endocrine functions of sertoli cells i)Inhibin ii)Activin iii)Follistatin iv)MIS v)Estrogen 8.Sertoli cell secretes ‘Androgen binding protein’(ABP) and H-Y antigen. 9.Sertoli cell contributes formation of blood testis barrier. LEYDIG CELL • Leydig cells are present near the capillaries in the interstitial space between seminiferous tubules. • They are rich in mitochondria & endoplasmic reticulum. • Leydig cells secrete testosterone,DHEA & Androstenedione. • The activity of leydig cell is different in different phases of life.
    [Show full text]
  • LEYDIG CELLS AS a MODEL of MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Tomáš Jambor*1, Eva Tvrdá1, Jana Lukáčová1, Norbert Lukáč1
    LEYDIG CELLS AS A MODEL OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Tomáš Jambor*1, Eva Tvrdá1, Jana Lukáčová1, Norbert Lukáč1 Address(es): Ing. Tomáš Jambor, 1Slovak University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic, phone number: +421-37-6414288. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 25. 10. 2013 During the past decades, a large anount of information concerning the infertility, which can be caused by malfunction at the level of Revised 20. 11. 2013 sperm or production of testosterone was published. It is about androgene which is from 95 percent synthetized in testes. It plays Accepted 16. 12. 2013 significant role in development of individual´s sexual signs and is also the starter of spermatogenesis. The main mechanism ensuring the Published 1. 2. 2014 production of this important hormone is the process determined as a steroidogenesis. This process runs in cells located in testes and are known as Leydig cells (LC). Several types of LC are classified as for example fetal, adult, stem, progenitor or immature cells. There are mutual differences, but their common feature is a production of androgenes. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum have irreplaceable Review position within LC and they, together with relevant enzymes and cascades of reactions, ensure the metamorphosis of cholesterol up to testosterone. With rising age the activity of steroidogenesis declines what is, however, natural. But there are many cases when this process in cells of developing individual is impaired by external or internal factors. Their identification and consequent elimination is for sufficient production of testosterone very important.
    [Show full text]
  • Leydig Cell Differentation, Steroid Metabolism by the Interstitium in Vitro and the Growth of the Accessory Sex Organs in the Rat
    LEYDIG CELL DIFFERENTATION, STEROID METABOLISM BY THE INTERSTITIUM IN VITRO AND THE GROWTH OF THE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS IN THE RAT W. N. TSANG, D. LACY and P. M. COLLINS Department of Zoology, St Bartholomew's Medical College, Charterhouse Square, London, E.C.1 (Received 14th December 1972) Several workers have studied various parameters as an index of Leydig cell differentiation and attempted to correlate them with the growth of the accessory sex organs. In the prepuberal rat, little correlation seems to have been achieved (see Niemi & Ikonen, 1963; Clegg, 1966). Others have examined testosterone production in vitro by the immature testis and attempted to correlate this with the increase in weight of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. In this connec- tion, a good deal of attention has been paid to the production of testosterone in vitro and its apparent regulation by 5\g=a\-reductaseactivity. Nayfeh, Barefoot & Baggett (1966) reported an increase in testosterone production per unit weight of tissue at about the time of sexual maturity and suggested that this might be due mainly to reduced metabolism to 5\g=a\-androstane-3\g=a\, 17\g=b\-diol (androstanediol). Inano, Hori & Tamaoki (1967) found a remarkable increase in the activity of various enzymes associated with testosterone formation from Days 20 to 30 and a marked decline in the yields per testis of androsterone and 3\g=a\,17\g=a\-dihydroxy-5\g=a\-pregnan-20-one from Days 40 to 60. The same authors also found a dramatic increase in the weight of the seminal vesicles from Days 50 to 60.
    [Show full text]
  • Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis
    Odaba ş et al. Eastern Journal of Medicine 3 (2): 78-79, 1998. Leydig cell tumor of the testis ODABAŞ Ö.1, DİLEK F.H.2, AVANOĞLU H.1, ATILLA M.K.1, YILMAZ Y.1, AYDIN S.1 Departments of Urology1 and Pathology School of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van Key words Testicle, Leydig cell tumor, adult had bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor with adrenocortical adenoma and suggested to examine Introduction the adrenal gland in patients with testicular Leydig cell tumors (4). Adult patients may present with Leydig cell tumor is a rare form of testicular gynaecomastia, loss of libido, feminine hair neoplasm. It represents only 1 to 3 percent of all distribution and genital under-development. testicular tumors although it is the most common Testicular swelling is usually present, but where a form of the sex cord-mesenchyme tumors. The discrete tumor mass is not palpable , ultrasound is majority have been recognized in males between the extremely useful in confirming the presence of a ages of 20 and 60 years. However approximately one tumor (5). In our case, the patient admitted with fourth have been reported before puberty (1). tescular swelling as reported usually, not with The etiology of Leydig cell tumors is unknown. In hormonal disturbance. contrast to germ cell tumors, there is no correlation with cryptorchidism. Causing experimental production of Leydig cell tumor in mice following chronic estrogen administration or intrasplenic testicular autografting shows its hormonal basis (1). In addition, estrogen and progesterone receptors were detected in about 70 per cent of the Leydig tumor cells in an immunohistologic study, though no receptor was observed in normal Leydig cells (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy and Physiology of Male Gametogenesis
    1 Anatomy and Physiology of Male Gametogenesis Alex Varghese, Fnu Deepinder, Angali Chandra, Ang Wen Jeat, Furquan Pathan, Ashok Agarwal ABSTRACT Basic understanding of the male reproductive system is fundamental in effective evaluation and treatment of male infertility. This chapter is a concise introduction to the male reproductive anatomy and the intricately designed process of spermatogenesis along with its hormonal control. INTRODUCTION Understanding the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology of male reproductive system is a key to effective evaluation and treatment of male infertility. It comprises of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and urethra. ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Development The male urinary and reproductive systems share a common developmental origin. The testes and extra-testicular ducts arise from three different tissues: intermediate mesoderm, mesodermal epithelium and primordial germ cells. • The intermediate mesoderm forms a urogenital ridge that gives rise to testicular stroma and the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct. • The mesodermal (coelomic) epithelium gives rise to Sertoli cells and the paramesonephric duct. • The primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac and give rise to the spermatagonia. Sexual differentiation occurs in the seventh week of gestation in embryos carrying the Y-chromosome. 4 ANDROLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL Transcription of the SRY gene present on the Y-chromosome leads to synthesis of testis-determining factor (TDF) protein. Secretion of TDF protein stimulates the nascent Leydig cells to produce testosterone, causing development of the mesonephric duct. It also stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete Mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF), which leads to the regression of the paramesonephric duct. This cascade of events leads to the formation of male internal genital organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Jaboticabal Aspectos Morfofuncionais Das Célula
    Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP-CAUNESP Campus - Jaboticabal Aspectos morfofuncionais das células de Sertoli de peixes teleósteos Diogo Mitsuiki Zootecnista Jaboticabal-SP Abril-2002 Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP-CAUNESP Programa de Pós-graduação em Aqüicultura Aspectos morfofuncionais das células de Sertoli de peixes teleósteos Diogo Mitsuiki Orientadora: Profa Dra Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi Dissertação apresentada como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Aqüicultura. Jaboticabal-SP Abril-2002 Agradecimentos • À Deus, por me permitir vencer mais uma etapa da minha vida. • À meus pais, pelo apoio constante as incursões que realizo na minha vida. • À meus avós, pelo apoio, pelas lições de vida e conselhos a mim passados. • À minha namorada, Satomi, por me trazer alegria, luz, paz e palavras de apoio, sempre que necessitei e me dar a satisfação de fazer parte da minha vida. • A minha orientadora, Profa Dra Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi, pela sua orientação e lições de vida a mim dedicadas. • À Zootecnista Dra Cristina Ribeiro Dias Koberstein, conhecimento transmitidos e pelo tempo a mim dispensado. • Ao histotécnico Sr. Orandi Mateus, pelo apoio nas pesquisas realizadas no Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal. • À banca examinadora, Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Vicentini e Prof. Dr Sérgio Fonseca Zaiden, pelas valiosas contribuições nesta dissertação. • Aos colegas do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Atomu Furusawa, Carla Fredrichsen Moya, Wanessa Kelly Batista, Luciana Nakaghi Ganeco, Karina Ribeiro Dias e Patrícia Hoshino pela agradável convivência. i • Aos amigos de república Rafael, Tiago, Marcelo, Daniel, Edson, Marcos, Djalma e Marcel pelos momentos de diversão proporcionados em Jaboticabal.
    [Show full text]
  • About Testicular Cancer Overview and Types
    cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 About Testicular Cancer Overview and Types If you have been diagnosed with testicular cancer or are worried about it, you likely have a lot of questions. Learning some basics is a good place to start. ● What Is Testicular Cancer? Research and Statistics See the latest estimates for new cases of testicular cancer and deaths in the US and what research is currently being done. ● Key Statistics for Testicular Cancer ● What’s New in Testicular Cancer Research? What Is Testicular Cancer? Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and spread to other parts of the body. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?1 Cancer that starts in the testicles is called testicular cancer. To understand this cancer, it helps to know about the normal structure and function of the testicles. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 What are testicles? Testicles (also called testes; a single testicle is called a testis) are part of the male reproductive system. The 2 organs are each normally a little smaller than a golf ball in adult males. They're held within a sac of skin called the scrotum. The scrotum hangs under the base of the penis. Testicles have 2 main functions: ● They make male hormones (androgens) such as testosterone. ● They make sperm, the male cells needed to fertilize a female egg cell to start a pregnancy. Sperm cells are made in long, thread-like tubes inside the testicles called seminiferous tubules.
    [Show full text]
  • Germ Cells and ↓Epididymal Sperm
    59th Annual Meeting & ToxExpo March 15–19, 2020 • Anaheim, California Continuing Education Course Sunday, March 15 | 1:15 PM to 5:00 PM PM14: The Male Reproductive Tract: Development, Toxicology, and Pathology Chair(s) Vicki Sutherland, NIEHS/NTP Nicole Principato, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Primary Endorser Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Specialty Section Other Endorser(s) Comparative Toxicology, Pathology, and Veterinary Specialty Section Regulatory and Safety Evaluation Specialty Section Presenters Justin Vidal, Charles River Kim Boekelheide, Brown University Catherine Picut, Charles River Cynthia Willson, Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc. Course Participant Agreement As a course participant, you agree that the content of this course book, in print or electronic format, may not, by any act or neglect on your part, in whole or in part, be reproduced, copied, disseminated, or otherwise utilized, in any form or manner or by any means, except for the user’s individual, personal reference, or in compliance with the US Government Copyright Law as it pertains to Fair Use, https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html. The author(s) of each presentation appearing in this publication is/are solely responsible for the content thereof; the publication of a presentation shall not constitute or be deemed to constitute any representation by the Society of Toxicology or its boards that the data presented therein are correct or are sufficient to support conclusions reached or that the experiment design or methodology is adequate. Continuing Education Committee Udayan M. Apte, Chair Cheryl E. Rockwell, Co-Chair LaRonda Lynn Morford Alexander Suvorov Dahea You Member Member Postdoctoral Representative William Proctor Lili Tang Lisa Kobos Member Member Student Representative Julia Elizabeth Rager Terry R.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Road Map”
    PRACTICAL ROADMAP MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DR N GRAVETT THE TESTIS • Slide 7 Stain: Iron Haematoxylin NOTE: Iron haematoxylin, a blue-black stain demonstrates the chromosomes in the dividing cells of the testis THE TESTIS Connective Tissue Septum These incomplete septae Tunica Albuginea divide the testis into lobes Seminiferous Tubule Interstitial Tissue Loose connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules THE TESTIS Tunica Tunica Albuginea Vasculosa BV Seminiferous Tubule Leydig Cells Blood Vessel (BV) Interstitial Seminiferous Tubule Tissue LEYDIG CELLS Interstitial Tissue BV Seminiferous Tubule NOTE: Leydig cells are endocrine glands and as such are usually located close to blood vessels. These cells are located outside the seminiferous tubules within the loose connective tissue stroma. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE • Seminiferous Epithelium – Complex Stratified Epithelium consisting of 2 basic cell populations: 1. Sertoli Cells 2. Cells of the Spermatogenic Series: • Spermatogonia • Primary Spermatocyte • Secondary Spermatocyte (Transitory phase: not seen in histological section) • Early Spermatid • Late Spematid SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE Myoid Cell Sertoli Cells Primary Spermatocyte Spermato- gonium Spermato- gonium Lumen Early Spermatids Late Spematids Leydig Cell Spermato- gonium TESTIS AND EPIDIDYMIS • Slide 11 Stain: H&E NOTE: This slide is for ANAT 2020 only Pathway of sperm from point of production to exterior: Seminiferous Tubule Tubuli recti Rete Testes Efferent Ductules Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct Prostatic Urethra
    [Show full text]
  • Published Papers
    SMW Consultants Ltd. Writing & Consulting Medical Research Kylliäisentie 9, FIN-21620 Kuusisto, FINLAND. Prof. Kari Syrjänen, MD, PhD, FIAC Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, Helsinki, FINLAND ORIGINAL PAPERS, REVIEWS AND BOOK CHAPTERS 1.Syrjänen, K.J. Morphologic manifestations of tumor-host relationships in association with breast, gastric and colorectal carcinoma. M.D. (Ph.D.) Thesis, University of Helsinki, pp. 1- 86, 1975. (ISBN-951-99064-3-6)s 2.Syrjänen, K.J. Histologic changes in mouse lymph nodes after treatment with anti-theta globulin. Exp. Pathol. 14, 171-179, 1977. (I.F. 0.500)s 3.Syrjänen, K.J. and Hjelt, L.H. Tumor-host relationships in colorectal carcinoma. Dis. Colon & Rectum 21, 29-36, 1978. (I.F. 3.739)s 4.Syrjänen, K.J. and Hjelt, L.H. The influence of anti-theta globulin treatment on the growth of mastocytoma in mice. Exp. Pathol. 14, 208-214, 1977. (I.F. 0.500)s 5.Syrjänen, K.J. and Hjelt, L.H. Morphology of the regional lymph nodes of gastric carcinoma and ulcer of the stomach in relation to immunological functions. Scand. J. Gastroent. 12, 903-909, 1977. (I.F. 2.199)s 6.Syrjänen, K.J. and Hjelt, L.H. Paracortical activity of the regional lymph nodes as a prognostic determinant in gastric carcinoma. Scand. J. Gastroent. 12, 897-902, 1977. (I.F. 2.199)s 7.Syrjänen, K.J. and Hjelt, L.H. Grading of human renal adenocarcinoma. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. 12, 49-55, 1978. (I.F. 1.243)s 8.Syrjänen, K.J. and Hjelt, L.H.
    [Show full text]