DOCSLIB.ORG

New Data in France on the Trematode Alaria Alata

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Data in France on the Trematode Alaria Alata This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. NEW DATA IN FRANCE ON THE TREMATODE ALARIA ALATA (GOEZE, 1792) OBTAINED DURING TRICHINELLA INSPECTIONS PORTIER J.*,**, JOUET D.*, FERTÉ H.*, GIBOUT O.***, HECKMANN A.**, BOIREAU P.** & VALLÉE I.** Summary: Résumé : NOUVELLES OBSERVATIONS D’ALARIA ALATA (GOEZE, 1792) LORS D’INSPECTIONS POUR TRICHINELLA EN FRANCE The trematode Alaria alata is a cosmopolite parasite found in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), the main definitive host in Europe. In Alaria alata (Diplostomidae : Trematoda) est parasite à l’état adulte contrast only few data are reported in wild boars (Sus scrofa), a de l’intestin grêle du Renard roux (Vulpes vulpes), le principal paratenic host. The aim of this paper is to describe the importance hôte définitif en Europe. Les données existantes sur ce parasite and distribution of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars, chez le Sanglier (Sus scrofa), le principal hôte paraténique, sont information is given by findings of these larvae during Trichinella fragmentaires. L’objectif de cet article est de préciser l’importance mandatory meat inspection on wild boars’ carcasses aimed for et la distribution d’Alaria alata chez les sangliers en France grâce human consumption. More than a hundred cases of mesocercariae aux déclarations de mésocercarioses obtenues lors des recherches positive animals are found every year in the East of France. First obligatoires de Trichine sur les carcasses ces dernières années. Le investigations on the parasite’s resistance to deep-freezing in meat recueil de ces déclarations montre que plus de 100 cas d’animaux are presented in this work. positifs sont signalés chaque année, principalement dans le nord- est de la France. Une première approche de la résistance à la KEY WORDS: trematode, Alaria alata, wild boar, Sus scrofa, Trichinella, congélation d’Alaria alata dans la viande est présentée dans ce resistance. travail. MOTS-CLÉS : trématode, Alaria alata, sanglier, Sus scrofa, Trichinella, résistance. INTRODUCTION After hatching of the eggs, the miracidia penetrate the first intermediate host (freshwater snails) to evolve after two generations of sporocysts who produce the he presence of Alaria alata has been described furcocercariae (Ruzskowski, 1922). The second inter- in wild boars and pigs (Sus scrofa) since the mediate host, an amphibian, is infected by this stage late 19th century (Duncker, 1896). In comparison T and gives in situ, the mesocercaria. Usually, the defi- with definitive hosts, few data on A. alata in Euro- nitive host is infected by predation. The mesocercariae pean Suidae are reported (JakšiĆ et al., 2002, Grösse & migrate to the lungs and evolve to the metacercarial Wüsste, 2006, MileševiĆ et al., 2004) and according to stage which migrates back to the intestines (the larvae the fluke’s life cycle, they are considered as paratenic migrate up the pulmonary tract and are swallowed) hosts (Dollfus & Chabaud, 1953). The life cycle of A. and finally develops to the mature adult stage. Some alata is complex and involves several hosts and tissue modifications are observed according to the species. locations according to the parasite stages. Indeed, the The transmammary infections by mesocercariae are adults of A. alata (Diplostomidae, Trematoda) are intes- possible with Alaria marcianae where adults serve tinal parasites of canids [Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), Wolf as paratenic hosts and offspring might serve as defini- (Canis lupus), Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonides), tive hosts (Shoop et al., 1990). Alaria mustelae needs Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)], the definitive hosts. four hosts: the metacercarial stage does not develop to the adult stage in the same host (Bosma, 1931). * JE 2533 – USC Anses “VECPAR”, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims, Isolations of A. alata mesocercariae have occurred in France. France during meat inspections for Trichinella spp. ** Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Anses Maisons-Alfort, UMR in wild boars’ meat aimed for human consumption. BIPAR, ENVA, UPEC, 23, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France. The analysis for the zoonotic nematode Trichinella is *** Laboratoire départemental d’Analyses vétérinaires et alimentaires, indeed compulsory in pigs and wild boars and relies in Chemin des Champs de la Loge, BP 216, 10006 Troyes Cedex, the European Union on an EU regulation (Regulation France. EC 2075/2005). During these inspections, a new report Correspondence: Isabelle Vallée. Tel.: 33 (0)1 49 77 28 16. of Alaria sp. mesocercariae was made in December E-mail: [email protected] 2004 in the Aube department (North East of France). Parasite, 2011, 18, 271-275 Original contribution 271 PORTIER J., JOUET D., FERTÉ H. ET AL. These parasites were confirmed as mesocercariae of through a 180 μm mesh sized sieve and decanted in A. alata (Goeze, 1792). Since the description of Cha- a glass funnel for 30 min. One hundred ml are then baud et al. (1953), there was no report on A. alata in harvested in a graduated cylinder and decanted for France, but since its re-emergence in 2004, it is regu- 10 min. The top 90 ml are eliminated smoothly, and larly identified in some area from the East of France. the bottom 10 ml are poured in a Petri dish for Tri- Within the genus Alaria, the species of the new world chinella larvae search. Observations are made using are considered as zoonotic with seven published cases a stereomicroscope (× 40 magnification). of human alariosis, all from American or Canadian patients supposedly infested with these parasites (Möhl ISOLATION OF ALARIA MESOCERCARIA et al., 2009). One case was lethal: a young Canadian Parasitic elements corresponding morphological criteria died of a massive infestation, which caused multiple (Dollfus & Chabaud, 1953) for Alaria mesocercariae haemorrhages, mainly in the lungs (Fernandez et al., observed during Wild boars’ meat digestion are all sent 1976). This young man supposedly ate insufficiently from laboratories to the national reference laboratory cooked frogs legs. In other cases, larvae were found at the ANSES Maisons-Alfort for confirmation. under the skin (nodule), in the eye or in the respira- tory tract. The very little knowledge available on the MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF ALARIA species A. alata must lead to an analysis of the risk for DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES human consumption. Only one experiment showed effects of massive experimental infestation on a pri- DNA was extracted from mesocercariae from wild mate (Odening, 1963). During this experimentation, boars and adult worms isolated from the intestine several hundreds of A. alata mesocercariae were given of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) using the Qiamp DNA to a Rhesus monkey, which developed severe clinical mini kit (Qiagen, Germany) following manufacturer’s signs but did not die. Autopsy showed a generalized instructions. Sequencing of the D2 domain and the alariosis. No human case of alariosis has been reported second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of the 28S in Europe and regarding more specifically A. alata, unit of the ribosomal DNA were used for the identi- there is no available data concerning its potential fication. PCR was performed in a 50 μl volume using danger given by human consumption. However, it is 5 μl of DNA, and 50 pmol of each of the primers. The evident that a zoonotic risk can be questioned and PCR mix contained (final concentrations) 10 mM Tris that the potential danger regarding food safety of wild HCl (pH 8.3), 1.5 mM MgCl2, 50 mM KCl, 0.01 % Triton boars’ meats has to be taken into consideration. In this X 100, 200 μM dNTP each base, and 1.25 units of Taq context, the aim of the present work was to analyse polymerase (Eppendorf, Germany). The D2 domain the distribution of A. alata in French wild boars and was amplified using the primers used by Mollaret et presents preliminary tests on its cryo-resistance. al. (1997): C2’B and D2. ITS-2 was amplified using primers ITS3Trem and ITS4Trem previously described by Dvořák et al. (2002). The initial denaturation at MATERIAL AND METHODS 94 °C for 3 min was followed by 40 cycles of dena- turation at 94 °C for 45 s, annealing at 50 °C for 45 s and extension at 68 °C for 2 min with a final elon- ARTIFICIAL DIGESTION OF MEAT gation time of 10 min at 68 °C. PCR products were ild boars meat was treated first for Trichi- directly sequenced in both directions with the primers nella inspection according to the method used for DNA amplification (QIAGEN, Germany). described in the EU regulation 2075/2005. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under W accession numbers JF340217 to JF340229. Sequence Briefly, the artificial digestion relies on a chlorhydro- pepsic digestion of muscle, which allows the release alignment was performed using the ClustalW routine of free larvae. In France, all routine laboratories per- included in the MEGA version 3.1 software (Kumar et forming Trichinella meat inspection use the method al., 2004) and checked by eye and comparison with with magnetic stirrer (Vallée et al., 2007), which is those deposited in Genbank. considered as the reference method for Trichinella meat inspection (EU Regulation 2075, 2005). Each CRYO-RESISTANCE TESTS carcass is analysed with at least 5 g of meat from Six positive carcasses were analysed for tests on tongue, diaphragm or foreleg in a pooled sample cryo-resistance. Samples were taken from diaphragm, weighting 100 g. coastal muscles and legs with a final weight of 100 g Samples are digested during 30 min in a beaker con- per condition. They were tested before freezing and taining 2 L water, 10 g powdered pepsin and 16 ml after 2, 3, 5, 10, 11, 18 and 19 days freezing (- 18 °C ± 25 % chlorhydric acid.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Game Meat: Health Assessment of Human-Pathogenic Parasites
    Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung www.bfr.bund.de DOI 10.17590/20190627-084353 Game meat: health assessment of human-pathogenic parasites BfR Opinion No. 045/2018, 21 December 2018 Meat of game living in the wild, such as deer, roe deer and boar, is rich in nutrients, low in fat and commonly sustainably sourced. It may, however, contain parasites that can make people ill if the meat has not been prepared in a hygienically flawless manner. There are often un- certainties in the hygienic assessment of meat from hunted game – for example in case of parasite infestation, regarding localization of parasite infestation sites within the animal car- cass. These uncertainties are also due to the limited amount of data on these specific patho- gens in game. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has therefore con- ducted an evaluation of own and existing data in order to determine the game species and specific organs respectively in which the parasites listed below have been detected and on the frequency of infestation occurrence. The BfR has used this information to assess the risk of contracting a parasitic disease from consumption of game meat and has put together rec- ommendations on how consumers can avoid such illnesses. In its health assessment, the BfR has considered game species only, whose meat and prod- ucts made from their meat are typically consumed, namely boar, deer, roe deer and fallow deer. Acquired data sets on consumption of game meat show that both adults and children in Germany consume game meat only rarely and only in small quantities.
    [Show full text]
  • AFSSA1 on the Risk to Public Health Associated with the Presence of This Parasite in Wild Boar Meat (Opinion 2007-SA-0008) Was Issued on 14 September 2007
    ANSES Opinion Request No 2015-SA-0052 Related Request no. 2007-SA-008 The Director General Maisons-Alfort, 16 December 2015 OPINION of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the presence of mesocercarial parasites of the trematode Alaria alata in wild boar meat ANSES undertakes independent and pluralistic scientific expert assessments. ANSES's public health mission involves ensuring environmental, occupational and food safety as well as assessing the potential health risks they may entail. It also contributes to the protection of the health and welfare of animals, the protection of plant health and the evaluation of the nutritional characteristics of food. It provides the competent authorities with the necessary information concerning these risks as well as the requisite expertise and technical support for drafting legislative and statutory provisions and implementing risk management strategies (Article L.1313-1 of the French Public Health Code). Its opinions are made public. This opinion is a translation of the original French version. In the event of any discrepancy or ambiguity the French language text dated 16 December 2015 shall prevail. On 26 February 2015 the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety received a formal request from the Directorate General for Food for an opinion on the presence of mesocercarial parasites of the trematode Alaria alata in wild boar meat. 1. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE REQUEST Screening for Trichinella in wild boar carcasses sometimes reveals larvae of the trematode Alaria alata. A first opinion by AFSSA1 on the risk to public health associated with the presence of this parasite in wild boar meat (Opinion 2007-SA-0008) was issued on 14 September 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotic Helminths Affecting the Human Eye Domenico Otranto1* and Mark L Eberhard2
    Otranto and Eberhard Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:41 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/41 REVIEW Open Access Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye Domenico Otranto1* and Mark L Eberhard2 Abstract Nowaday, zoonoses are an important cause of human parasitic diseases worldwide and a major threat to the socio-economic development, mainly in developing countries. Importantly, zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes (HIE) may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. These infections include nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, which may be transmitted by vectors (dirofilariasis, onchocerciasis, thelaziasis), food consumption (sparganosis, trichinellosis) and those acquired indirectly from the environment (ascariasis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis). Adult and/or larval stages of HIE may localize into human ocular tissues externally (i.e., lachrymal glands, eyelids, conjunctival sacs) or into the ocular globe (i.e., intravitreous retina, anterior and or posterior chamber) causing symptoms due to the parasitic localization in the eyes or to the immune reaction they elicit in the host. Unfortunately, data on HIE are scant and mostly limited to case reports from different countries. The biology and epidemiology of the most frequently reported HIE are discussed as well as clinical description of the diseases, diagnostic considerations and video clips on their presentation and surgical treatment. Homines amplius oculis, quam auribus credunt Seneca Ep 6,5 Men believe their eyes more than their ears Background and developing countries. For example, eye disease Blindness and ocular diseases represent one of the most caused by river blindness (Onchocerca volvulus), affects traumatic events for human patients as they have the more than 17.7 million people inducing visual impair- potential to severely impair both their quality of life and ment and blindness elicited by microfilariae that migrate their psychological equilibrium.
    [Show full text]
  • Tenacity of Alaria Alata Mesocercariae in Homemade German Meat
    TENACITY OF ALARIA ALATA MESOCERCARIAE IN HOMEMADE GERMAN MEAT PRODUCTS AND EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IN VITRO CONDITIONS AND TEMPERATURES ON ITS SURVIVAL DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES DOKTORGRADES DER AGRARWISSENSCHAFTEN (D R. AGR .) DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FAKULTÄT III AGRAR - UND ERNÄHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFTEN , GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN UND INFORMATIK DER MARTIN -LUTHER -UNIVERSITÄT HALLE -WITTENBERG IN ZUSAMMENARBEIT MIT DER VETERINÄRMEDIZINISCHEN FAKULTÄT INSTITUT FÜR LEBENSMITTELHYGIENE DER UNIVERSITÄT LEIPZIG VORGELEGT VON M. SC. HIROMI GONZÁLEZ FUENTES GEBOREN AM 01.09.1984 IN MEXIKO -STADT GUTACHTER /IN : 1. Prof. Dr. Katharina Riehn 2. Prof. Dr. Ernst Lücker 3. Prof. Dr. Eberhard von Borell Verteidigungsdatum: HALLE (S AALE ), 12.10.2015 CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS 3 LIST OF TABLES 4 SUMMARY 5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 8 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 EMERGING FOOD -BORNE ZOONOSES 12 1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF A. ALATA 15 1.3 LIFE CYCLE OF A. ALATA 15 1.4 PREVALENCE OF A. ALATA AROUND THE WORLD 16 1.5 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON TENACITY OF ALARIA SPP . 20 1.6 HUMAN ALARIOSIS CASES CAUSED BY FOOD 22 1.7 A. ALATA MESOCERCARIAE MIGRATION TECHNIQUE (AMT) 25 1.8 OBJECTIVES 26 CHAPTER 2: TENACITY OF ALARIA ALATA MESOCERCARIAE IN HOMEMADE GERMAN MEAT PRODUCTS 27 CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF IN VITRO CONDITIONS ON THE SURVIVAL OF ALARIA ALATA MESOCERCARIAE 34 CHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF ALARIA ALATA MESOCERCARIAE 42 CHAPTER 5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 52 5.1 GENERAL PROBLEM 53 5.2 ISOLATION 53 5.3 FOOD TREATMENTS IN GAME MEAT PRODUCTS 54 5.4 EFFECT OF NACL 55 5.5 CONSUMER HABITS 56 5.6 EFFECT OF ETHANOL 56 5.7 EFFECT OF THE GASTRIC JUICE 57 5.8 EFFECT OF HEATING 57 5.9 EFFECT OF REFRIGERATION 58 5.10 EFFECT OF MICROWAVE HEATING 58 5.11 EFFECT OF FREEZING 59 5.12 FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS 59 REFERENCES 63 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 75 EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG 76 CURRICULUM VITAE 77 ABBREVIATIONS 3 ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION DEFINITION A.
    [Show full text]
  • Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/262931780 Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea ARTICLE in ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY · JUNE 2014 Impact Factor: 1.96 · DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_10 · Source: PubMed READS 57 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Petr Horák Charles University in Prague 84 PUBLICATIONS 1,399 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Libor Mikeš Charles University in Prague 14 PUBLICATIONS 47 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Petr Horák Retrieved on: 06 November 2015 Chapter 10 Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea Petr Horák , Libuše Kolářová , and Libor Mikeš 10.1 Introduction This chapter is focused on important nonhuman parasites of the order Diplostomida sensu Olson et al. [ 1 ]. Members of the superfamilies Schistosomatoidea (Schistosomatidae, Aporocotylidae, and Spirorchiidae) and Diplostomoidea (Diplostomidae and Strigeidae) will be characterized. All these fl ukes have indirect life cycles with cercariae having ability to penetrate body surfaces of vertebrate intermediate or defi nitive hosts. In some cases, invasions of accidental (noncompat- ible) vertebrate hosts (including humans) are also reported. Penetration of the host body and/or subsequent migration to the target tissues/organs frequently induce pathological changes in the tissues and, therefore, outbreaks of infections caused by these parasites in animal farming/breeding may lead to economical losses. 10.2 Schistosomatidae Members of the family Schistosomatidae are exceptional organisms among digenean trematodes: they are gonochoristic, with males and females mating in the blood vessels of defi nitive hosts. As for other trematodes, only some members of Didymozoidae are P. Horák (*) • L. Mikeš Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Viničná 7 , Prague 12844 , Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] L.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaria Alata Mesocercariae in Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) in Germany
    Parasitol Res DOI 10.1007/s00436-013-3547-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Alaria alata mesocercariae in raccoons (Procyon lotor)inGermany Zaida Melina Rentería-Solís & Ahmad Hamedy & Frank-Uwe Michler & Berit Annika Michler & Ernst Lücker & Norman Stier & Gudrun Wibbelt & Katharina Riehn Received: 25 February 2013 /Accepted: 12 July 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Alaria alata is a trematode of carnivores from Abbreviations Europe. The mesocercarial stage was recently identified in Bp Base pairs wild boar meat from Europe. Previous histopathologic studies DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid showed the presence of unidentified parasitic cysts within the HE Hematoxylin–eosin tongues of raccoons from northern Germany. For identifica- ID Identification tion of the parasite species, tissue samples of 105 raccoons LR Lewitz region originating from a National Park in northern Germany and from Berlin metropolitan area were collected. Histological MNP Müritz National Park NTC Nontemplate control examination of cryotome sections of frozen as well as Syn Synonym paraffin-embedded tongues were used to identify parasite cysts. These were located in the connective and adipose tissue and in close proximity to small arterioles, suggesting a hema- togenous spread of the parasite. Often, cysts were surrounded Introduction with mild infiltration by inflammatory cells. Additionally, mesocercariae were isolated from defrosted tongue samples Alaria alata is a parasitic trematode from the family of 11 raccoons. Molecular-biology assays confirmed the par- Diplostomatidae and the genus Alaria. Its adult stage can be asite species as A. alata. Except for one positive raccoon from found in the small intestine of carnivores like red foxes Berlin City, all other positive raccoons originated from the (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), sylvan Müritz National park, indicating an abundance of European wolves (Canis lupus lupus), and domestic dogs intermediate hosts in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaria Infection in Companion Animals in North Central Oklahoma from 2006 Through 2015 and Detection in Wildlife
    Small Animals Prevalence of Alaria infection in companion animals in north central Oklahoma from 2006 through 2015 and detection in wildlife Eileen M. Johnson DVM, PhD OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of Alaria infection in cats and dogs in north Yoko Nagamori DVM central Oklahoma over various periods and investigate whether wild animal Rebecca A. Duncan-Decocq MS species in this region were also infected. Patrick N. Whitley DESIGN Akhilesh Ramachandran BVSC&AH, PhD Combined cross-sectional study and case series. Mason V. Reichard PhD SAMPLE From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Results of parasitological testing of fecal samples from 5,417 client-owned Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma dogs and 1,246 client-owned cats (2006 through 2014); fecal samples from State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 (Johnson, Naga- 837 shelter or rescue dogs and 331 shelter or rescue cats (2013 and 2014) mori, Duncan-Decocq, Ramachandran, Reichard); and and 268 feral cats (2015); tongue or jowl samples from cadavers of 43 wild the USDA APHIS Wildlife Service, 2800 N Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 (Whitley). pigs, 3 opossums, and 1 raccoon; and intestinal tract segments from cadav- ers of 48 cats and 5 coyotes. Address correspondence to Dr. Johnson (eileen.johnson@ okstate.edu). PROCEDURES Various parasite recovery techniques were performed to detect various Alaria stages in samples. Recovered adult trematodes and mesocercariae were used for PCR assay and sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene. RESULTS Prevalence of Alaria infection was significantly higher in feral cats (9.0%) than in shelter or rescue cats (0.6%) and client-owned cats (1.4%) and in shelter or rescue dogs (1.8%) than in client-owned dogs (0.2%).
    [Show full text]
  • New Data in France on the Trematode Alaria Alata \(Goeze, 1792
    Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2011183271 NEW DATA IN FRANCE ON THE TREMATODE ALARIA ALATA (GOEZE, 1792) OBTAINED DURING TRICHINELLA INSPECTIONS PORTIER J.*,**, JOUET D.*, FERTÉ H.*, GIBOUT O.***, HECKMANN A.**, BOIREAU P.** & VALLÉE I.** Summary: Résumé : NOUVELLES OBSERVATIONS D’ALARIA ALATA (GOEZE, 1792) LORS D’INSPECTIONS POUR TRICHINELLA EN FRANCE The trematode Alaria alata is a cosmopolite parasite found in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), the main definitive host in Europe. In Alaria alata (Diplostomidae : Trematoda) est parasite à l’état adulte contrast only few data are reported in wild boars (Sus scrofa), a de l’intestin grêle du Renard roux (Vulpes vulpes), le principal paratenic host. The aim of this paper is to describe the importance hôte définitif en Europe. Les données existantes sur ce parasite and distribution of Alaria alata mesocercariae in wild boars, chez le Sanglier (Sus scrofa), le principal hôte paraténique, sont information is given by findings of these larvae during Trichinella fragmentaires. L’objectif de cet article est de préciser l’importance mandatory meat inspection on wild boars’ carcasses aimed for et la distribution d’Alaria alata chez les sangliers en France grâce human consumption. More than a hundred cases of mesocercariae aux déclarations de mésocercarioses obtenues lors des recherches positive animals are found every year in the East of France. First obligatoires de Trichine sur les carcasses ces dernières années. Le investigations on the parasite’s resistance to deep-freezing in meat recueil de ces déclarations montre que plus de 100 cas d’animaux are presented in this work.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. National Animal Parasite Collection Records
    U.S. National Animal Parasite Collection Records 1767-2003 Figure 1. USDA-ARS Animal Parasitology Institute logo Collection 223 167 Linear Feet United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Special Collections 10301 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705 Table of Contents Container List.................................................................................................................................. 2 Series I. Parasite Illustrations. 1767-1971. 46 boxes. ................................................................ 2 Subseries I.A. Standard-size Illustrations. 1767-1963. 26 boxes. ...................................................... 2 Subseries I.B. Oversize Illustrations. 20 boxes. ................................................................................ 97 Series II. Parasite Photographic Materials. 1902-1977. 51 boxes. ....................................... 114 Subseries II.A. Lantern Slides. 1906-1940, undated. 9 boxes. ...................................................... 114 Subseries II.B. Glass Plate Negatives. 1902-1938, undated. 31 boxes. ......................................... 115 Subseries II.C. Glass Exhibit Plates. Undated. 3 boxes. ................................................................ 117 Subseries II.D. Parasite Photographs. 1909-1965, undated. 6 boxes. ............................................ 117 Subseries II.E. Publication Process Galleys and Negatives. 1955. 2 boxes. .................................. 124 Series III. History of the Animal Parasite
    [Show full text]
  • Alaria Alata Mesocercariae in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars In
    Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 63 (2019) 142–144 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cimid Alaria alata mesocercariae in domestic pigs and wild boars in South Banat, northern Serbia T ⁎ Pavle Gavrilovića, , Ivan Pavlovićb, Igor Todorovićc a Veterinary Specialized Institute “Pančevo”, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, 26000, Pančevo, Serbia b Scientific Veterinary Institute of Serbia, Department of Parasitology, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia c Veterinary Specialized Institute “Pančevo”, Department of Animal Health, 26000, Pančevo, Serbia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Alaria alata (Diplostomidae, Trematoda), a potentially zoonotic pathogen, is the only Alaria species in Europe. In Alaria alata recent years, increasing reports of mesocercariae of A. alata in wild boars have been recorded in European Mesocercariae countries; however there have been no described cases in domestic pigs over the past decades. Out of 272 Domestic pigs diaphragm samples from wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa), from Serbia, included in the Wild boars present investigations, mesocercariae of A. alata were found in six (3%) samples from wild boars and in two Serbia (2.77%) samples from domestic pigs. Due to the lack of sensitivity of artificial digestion with a magnetic stirrer which was applied in the study, the true prevalence is estimated to be considerably higher in the area of in- vestigation. Confirming the infection in domestic pigs and a wide distribution in wild boars in the area of investigation, the present paper should influence the growing awareness of alariosis as a potential human dis- ease. The meat from free-range domestic pigs and game meat as a potential source of alariosis should always be adequately thermally treated before consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Binder 060, Diplostomidae Alariinae A-Z [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Trematoda Taxon Notebooks Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of February 2021 Binder 060, Diplostomidae Alariinae A-Z [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks] Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/trematoda Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Parasitic Diseases Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, "Binder 060, Diplostomidae Alariinae A-Z [Trematoda Taxon Notebooks]" (2021). Trematoda Taxon Notebooks. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/trematoda/56 This Portfolio is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Trematoda Taxon Notebooks by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. -- -....... _ - -- ' ' • •• ·i .,;. - ' D1plostomg t 1dae Famille Alariidae Tuhangui, 1922. Diagnose. - StrigcoidPa : Corp:-. urdinairement divise nette­ ment en deux regions - partie anterieurP aplatic, concave ventralement; partie posterieur,, coniquP, cylindriquP ou ovo1de - ou morphologiqucment imlivis, Jinguiforml"'. Presence ou absence de glandes cephaliques debouchant dans des pseudo­ ventouses laterales. OrganP adhesif de structure simple, mais de forme variable, circulaire, el1iptique ou tres alJonge ; cavite avec ou sans papilles et glande sous-jac0nte. AbsPnce de cirre et de poche du cirre. Pore genital subterminal, sur le cote dorsal. TPsti­ cules situes ordinairement l'un derriere l'autre et en arriere de l'ovaire. Hotcs : Mammiferes, Ois<'aux Pt Crocodiles. Larve metacercairt> du type Diplostom11f11m, Nea.'icit.'i ou Tylo­ 1 delphys • ' ... - :"· ~ . _;';. ' . ·~·! . ... ~ .. ·:--. -. DlPLOSTO~llll.\E l'll1ri1·r, 18~1\ Famih· di:u.:11, ,-i- 4 \ II t l:e kl'IOWfl d1pfo!lfo,nid ,enef'- .fn,m w,iwt11n /$ btltJn'4 f-o t 1w sub- i.1111:1.
    [Show full text]
  • Multicriteria-Based Ranking for Risk Management of Food-Borne
    MICROBIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT SERIES ISSN 1726-5274 23 Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of food-borne parasites For further information on the joint FAO/WHO Activities on microbiological risk assessment, please contact: Food Safety and Codex Unit Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Infectious diseases caused by food-borne parasites have not received Viale delle Terme di Caracalla the same level of attention as other food-borne biological and chemical 00153 Rome, Italy hazards. Nevertheless, they cause a high burden of disease in humans, may have prolonged, severe, and sometimes fatal outcomes, Publications of the World Health Organization and result in considerable hardship Fax: +39 06 57054593 can be obtained from: negative E-mail: [email protected] WHO Press Web site: http://www.fao.org/food/food-bysa fanimalsety-qua liorty World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland do not capture the true or Tel: +41 22 7913264 Fax: +41 22 7914857 a E-mail: [email protected] or Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses on the Internet from http://www.who.int/bookorders World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia te-commodity 1211 Geneva 27 Publications of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Switzerland can be purchased from: Fax: +41 22 7914807 this Sales and Marketing Group, E-mail: [email protected] Alimentarius Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy Web site: http://www.who.int/foodsaindividualsfety Fax: +39 06 57053360 E-mail: [email protected] or on the Internet from http://www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm Cover design: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization Cover picture: © Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.
    [Show full text]