DOCSLIB.ORG

Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/262931780 Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea ARTICLE in ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY · JUNE 2014 Impact Factor: 1.96 · DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_10 · Source: PubMed READS 57 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Petr Horák Charles University in Prague 84 PUBLICATIONS 1,399 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Libor Mikeš Charles University in Prague 14 PUBLICATIONS 47 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Petr Horák Retrieved on: 06 November 2015 Chapter 10 Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea Petr Horák , Libuše Kolářová , and Libor Mikeš 10.1 Introduction This chapter is focused on important nonhuman parasites of the order Diplostomida sensu Olson et al. [ 1 ]. Members of the superfamilies Schistosomatoidea (Schistosomatidae, Aporocotylidae, and Spirorchiidae) and Diplostomoidea (Diplostomidae and Strigeidae) will be characterized. All these fl ukes have indirect life cycles with cercariae having ability to penetrate body surfaces of vertebrate intermediate or defi nitive hosts. In some cases, invasions of accidental (noncompat- ible) vertebrate hosts (including humans) are also reported. Penetration of the host body and/or subsequent migration to the target tissues/organs frequently induce pathological changes in the tissues and, therefore, outbreaks of infections caused by these parasites in animal farming/breeding may lead to economical losses. 10.2 Schistosomatidae Members of the family Schistosomatidae are exceptional organisms among digenean trematodes: they are gonochoristic, with males and females mating in the blood vessels of defi nitive hosts. As for other trematodes, only some members of Didymozoidae are P. Horák (*) • L. Mikeš Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Viničná 7 , Prague 12844 , Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] L. Kolářová Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Studničkova 7 , Prague 12800 , Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] R. Toledo and B. Fried (eds.), Digenetic Trematodes, Advances in Experimental 331 Medicine and Biology 766, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_10, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 332 P. Horák et al. gonochoristic, and only adults of Aporocotylidae and Spirorchiidae inhabit blood circulation of their hosts. The family Schistosomatidae comprises 14 genera parasitizing mammalian and avian hosts. Besides the genus Schistosoma that has medical and veteri- nary importance (human and mammalian parasites), three genera (Bivitellobilharzia , Heterobilharzia , Schistosomatium ) infect mammals, and ten genera (Allobilharzia , Anserobilharzia, Austrobilharzia , Bilharziella , Dendritobilharzia , Gigantobilharzia , Jilinobilharzia , Macrobilharzia , Ornithobilharzia , Trichobilharzia ) cause avian diseases. 10.2.1 Bird Schistosomes 10.2.1.1 Life Cycle Bird schistosomes have a two-host life cycle; generally the eggs containing mature miracidia are released via feces from the infected host to the water environment where miracidia hatch in a while. In case of Trichobilharzia regenti , however, the miracidia hatch directly in the host nasal tissue, and leave the host upon contact with water. Miracidia are active swimmers and seek after appropriate intermediate snail host. In order to fi nd the host, miracidia possess receptors to be able to respond to physical factors (gravity, light) as well as chemical cues. Concerning the latter stim- uli, carbohydrates bound in miracidia-attracting glycoproteins (MAGs, miraxons) emitted by the snail hosts seem to serve for chemoorientation and host recognition by Trichobilharzia szidati (syn. Trichobilharzia ocellata ) [ 2 , 3 ]. Subsequent larval development of bird schistosomes, characterized by an asexual multiplication in intermediate hosts, proceeds in freshwater, brackish, or saltwater snails. The details of intramolluscan development are known for a lim- ited number of bird schistosomes. With regard to morphogenesis of intramollus- can larval stages, and also their infl uence on snail physiology and immunity, T. szidati seems to be the most studied model [ 4 ]. The parasite inhibits certain immune functions, such as phagocytosis, effi ciency of encapsulation and bacte- rial killing, and stimulates production of humoral defense molecules, e.g., mol- luscan defense molecule (MDM) and granularin. Moreover, the developing trematode larvae induce production of schistosomin, a molecule released proba- bly from snail hemocytes and connective tissue cells, and competing with snail hormones for receptor binding sites on the target reproductive tissues (inhibition of oviposition) [ 5 ]. Several weeks (depending on temperature) after exposure to miracidia, the snails start to liberate cercariae. These freely swimming larvae (Fig. 10.1a ) respond to some physical and chemical stimuli and exhibit specifi c behavior in the aquatic environ- ment. Trichobilharzia szidati recognizes substrates being warmer than the ambient water and attaches to the surfaces containing ceramides and cholesterol. As the infec- tion of a new host comprises several steps, the penetration itself is triggered by other chemical signals—unsaturated fatty acids for T. szidati and free sterols for Austrobilharzia terrigalensis [ 3 ]. Besides the action of cercarial muscles, secretions of cercarial penetra- tion glands containing histolytic enzymes play a crucial role in skin penetration. 10 Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea 333 Fig. 10.1 ( a ) Ocellate furcocercaria of Trichobilharzia regenti (length of about 800 μm) from the intermediate snail host, Radix labiata. (Author: Dr. J. Bulantová); ( b ) Advanced schistosomulum of Trichobilharzia regenti isolated from the spinal cord of a duck 11 days post infection, and then cultivated 3 days in vitro. The estimated length of the fully mature worms is about 11 mm. (Author: Dr. J. Bulantová) Whereas some human schistosomes use serine peptidases (e.g., cercarial elastase) as the main penetration enzymes, in T. szidati and T. regenti (and also in Schistosoma japonicum ) cysteine peptidases (cathepsin B-like) from the penetration glands are supposed to play a role [ 6 ]. After the attachment, the body of cercariae enters the skin, whereas the tail is removed. Once in the host, cercarial body transforms to schistosomulum being able to evade host immune attack: (1) Thick glycocalyx on the surface is rapidly removed and a new surface double membrane of the tegument is formed. (2) The density of surface antigens drops to the level undetectable by specifi c antibodies and some lectin probes [ 7 ]. In birds, the adult schistosomes live either in visceral organs or nasal mucosa; therefore, we distinguish visceral and nasal schistosomes. These two groups also differ in migratory routes within the host body; this statement is however based on a few experimental models. After penetration of the host skin, visceral schistosomes enter blood vessels and use the blood circulation to reach the fi nal location; during the migration schistosomula can therefore be found in the lungs, liver, etc. On the other hand, nasal schistosomes search for peripheral nerves and use them to crawl to the spinal cord and brain. This temporary location is typical in the phase before reaching the nasal area of their avian hosts. Of course, depending on the infection dose, some migrating schistosomula may be found in ectopic locations (e.g., nasal T. regenti in the lungs). In addition to the infections of compatible defi nitive hosts, cercariae of some genera of bird schistosomes (e.g., Austrobilharzia , Bilharziella , Gigantobilharzia , Trichobilharzia ) have been confi rmed as the causative agent of human cercarial dermatitis. It means that the human skin possesses components that may be recog- nized by cercariae as signals for attachment and penetration of the accidental host. It is remarkable that the content of attractive fatty acids is even higher in the human skin when compared with the bird skin [ 3 , 8 ]. 334 P. Horák et al. 10.2.1.2 Occurrence Bird schistosomes can be found around the world [ 9 ]. Geographical latitude plays a minor role provided the intermediate snail and the defi nitive bird hosts are available for transmission. Therefore, bird schistosomes and cercarial dermatitis have been reported, e.g., from Iceland and Norway [ 10 , 11 ]. The prevalence rate in birds may differ with regard to local conditions, but in some cases it can be high, reaching even 90–100 % (e.g., the USA and New Zealand) [ 12 , 13 ] . W a t e r f o w l ( sensu lato ) seems to serve as dominant defi nitive host; nevertheless, other groups of birds (e.g., passerines) have also been reported [ 9 ]. On the other hand, the infections of snail intermediate hosts are less frequent. In many localities, the prevalence rate does not exceed 1 %. However, outbreaks with prevalences up to 50 % have also been recorded (e.g., Denmark and Russia) [ 14 , 15 ]. Predominantly, pulmonate snails of the families Lymnaeidae, Physidae, and Planorbidae are used for larval development of bird schistosomes. Nevertheless, other groups of snails may also be involved in the life cycles of some genera/species [ 9 ]. 10.2.1.3 Damage to the Defi nitive and Accidental Hosts As mentioned above, the infective larvae (cercariae) penetrate the skin of bird hosts; usually feet serve as the entry site, because the rest of the body covered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rhinopristiformes: Pristidae) in the Gulf of Mexico
    Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS Folia Parasitologica 2020, 67: 009 doi: 10.14411/fp.2020.009 http://folia.paru.cas.cz Research Article A new genus and species of fish blood fluke, Achorovermis testisinuosus gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae), infecting critically endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata (Rhinopristiformes: Pristidae) in the Gulf of Mexico Micah B. Warren1, Micah D. Bakenhaster2, Rachel M. Scharer3, Gregg R. Poulakis3 and Stephen A. Bullard1 1 Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences and Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, Auburn, AL, USA; 2 Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; 3 Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Charlotte Harbor Field Laboratory, Port Charlotte, FL, USA Abstract: Achorovermis testisinuosus gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae) infects the heart of the smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pect- inata Latham (Rhinopristiformes: Pristidae), in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Specimens of the new genus, along with the other blood flukes that infect batoids are similar by having an inverse U-shaped intestine and a curving testis as well as by lacking tegumental spines. The new genus differs from all of the other blood flukes infecting batoids by having an elongate body (>50 × longer than wide), a testis having >100 curves, and an ovary wholly anterior to the uterus. It differs from Ogawaia glaucostegi Cutmore, Cribb et Yong, 2018, the only other blood fluke infecting a rhinopristiform, by having a body that is >50 × (vs <30 ×) longer than wide, a testis that is >75 × (vs <40 ×) longer than wide and has >100 (vs <70) curves, an ovary wholly anterior to (vs lateral and dorsal to) the seminal vesi- cle, a uterus wholly posterior to (vs overlapping and lateral to both) the testis and ovary, and a sinuous (vs convoluted) uterus.
    [Show full text]
  • Cobia Database Articles Final Revision 2.0, 2-1-2017
    Revision 2.0 (2/1/2017) University of Miami Article TITLE DESCRIPTION AUTHORS SOURCE YEAR TOPICS Number Habitat 1 Gasterosteus canadus Linné [Latin] [No Abstract Available - First known description of cobia morphology in Carolina habitat by D. Garden.] Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturæ, ed. 12, vol. 1, 491 1766 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) Ichthyologie, vol. 10, Iconibus ex 2 Scomber niger Bloch [No Abstract Available - Description and alternative nomenclature of cobia.] Bloch, M. E. 1793 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) illustratum. Berlin. p . 48 The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the Under this head was to be carried on the study of the useful aquatic animals and plants of the country, as well as of seals, whales, tmtles, fishes, lobsters, crabs, oysters, clams, etc., sponges, and marine plants aml inorganic products of U.S. Commission on Fisheries, Washington, 3 United States. Section 1: Natural history of Goode, G.B. 1884 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) the sea with reference to (A) geographical distribution, (B) size, (C) abundance, (D) migrations and movements, (E) food and rate of growth, (F) mode of reproduction, (G) economic value and uses. D.C., 895 p. useful aquatic animals Notes on the occurrence of a young crab- Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 4 eater (Elecate canada), from the lower [No Abstract Available - A description of cobia in the lower Hudson Eiver.] Fisher, A.K. 1891 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) 13, 195 Hudson Valley, New York The nomenclature of Rachicentron or Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum Habitat 5 Elacate, a genus of acanthopterygian The universally accepted name Elucate must unfortunately be supplanted by one entirely unknown to fame, overlooked by all naturalists, and found in no nomenclator.
    [Show full text]
  • Angiostrongylus Cantonensis: a Review of Its Distribution, Molecular Biology and Clinical Significance As a Human
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303551798 Angiostrongylus cantonensis: A review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human... Article in Parasitology · May 2016 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182016000652 CITATIONS READS 4 360 10 authors, including: Indy Sandaradura Richard Malik Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiolo… University of Sydney 10 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS 522 PUBLICATIONS 6,546 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Derek Spielman Rogan Lee University of Sydney The New South Wales Department of Health 34 PUBLICATIONS 892 CITATIONS 60 PUBLICATIONS 669 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Create new project "The protective rate of the feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine: An Australian field study" View project Comparison of three feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) point-of-care antigen test kits using blood and saliva View project All content following this page was uploaded by Indy Sandaradura on 30 May 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. 1 Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen JOEL BARRATT1,2*†, DOUGLAS CHAN1,2,3†, INDY SANDARADURA3,4, RICHARD MALIK5, DEREK SPIELMAN6,ROGANLEE7, DEBORAH MARRIOTT3, JOHN HARKNESS3, JOHN ELLIS2 and DAMIEN STARK3 1 i3 Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia 2 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia 3 Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St.
    [Show full text]
  • (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from the Catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Clariidae) in Freshwater Habitats of Tanzania
    Journal of Helminthology, page 1 of 7 doi:10.1017/S0022149X15001005 q Cambridge University Press 2015 The nervous systems of Tylodelphys metacercariae (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from the catfish Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) in freshwater habitats of Tanzania F.D. Chibwana* and G. Nkwengulila Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Received 29 July 2015; Accepted 27 October 2015) Abstract The nervous systems of three Tylodelphys metacercariae (T. mashonense, Tylodelphys spp. 1 and 2) co-occurring in the cranial cavity of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were examined by the activity of acetylthiocholine iodide (AcThI), with the aim of better understanding the arrangement of sensillae on the body surface and the nerve trunks and commissures, for taxonomic purposes. Enzyme cytochemistry demonstrated a comparable orthogonal arrangement in the three metacercariae: the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of a pair of cerebral ganglia, from which anterior and posterior neuronal pathways arise and inter- link by cross-connectives and commissures. However, the number of transverse nerves was significantly different in the three diplostomid metacercariae: Tylodelphys sp. 1 (30), Tylodelphys sp. 2 (21) and T. mashonense (15). The observed difference in the nervous system of the three metacercariae clearly separates them into three species. These findings suggest that consistent differences in the transverse nerves of digenean metacercariae could enable the differentiation
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Schistosoma Nasale Infection in Crossbred Cattle: a Case Study 1 2
    ISSN: 0976-3104 REGULAR ISSUE Qadri and Ganguly _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.iioab.org CASE STUDY OPEN ACCESS OCCURRENCE OF SCHISTOSOMA NASALE INFECTION IN CROSSBRED CATTLE: A CASE STUDY 1 2 Kausar Qadri and Subha Ganguly * 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Arawali Veterinary College, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, INDIA 2Department of Microbiology, Arawali Veterinary College, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, INDIA ABSTRACT rd Received on: 03 -June-2016 Revised on: 15th-June-2016 A 8 years old cross bred Holstein Friesian (H.F.) cow was presented at Arawali Veterinary College, Sikar Accepted on: 20th-June-2016 with history of sneezing, ocular discharge, nasal discharge, difficulty in breathing with snoring sound, Published on: 10th-July-2016 there were presence of cauliflower like growth on one side of the nasal septum. The disease was diagnosed as nasal schistosomiasis and was successfully treated with Anthiomaline (Lithium Antimony Thiomalate) @ 15 ml intramuscularly three doses at weekly intervals. KEY WORDS Schistosoma nasale, cross H.F cow, Anthiomaline *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];Tel: +91 9231812539 INTRODUCTION Nasal schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma nasale adversely affects the health and production of domestic livestock in various parts of India. S. nasale is a species of digenetic trematode in the family Schistosomatidae. It was identified first in 1933 by Dr. M. Anant Narayanan Rao at Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu, India. The freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus acts as intermediate host [1]. Affected cattle shows rhinitis, profuse mucopurulent nasal discharge manifested clinically by sneezing, dyspnoea and snoring. Chronic infections show proliferation of nasal epithelium as granuloma and small abscesses containing eggs.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Screening for Schistosoma Mansoni in Western Coã Te D'ivoire Using a Simple School Questionnaire J
    Rapid screening for Schistosoma mansoni in western Coà te d'Ivoire using a simple school questionnaire J. Utzinger,1 E.K. N'Goran,2 Y.A. Ossey,3 M. Booth,4 M. TraoreÂ,5 K.L. Lohourignon,6 A. Allangba,7 L.A. Ahiba,8 M. Tanner,9 &C.Lengeler10 The distribution of schistosomiasis is focal, so if the resources available for control are to be used most effectively, they need to be directed towards the individuals and/or communities at highest risk of morbidity from schistosomiasis. Rapid and inexpensive ways of doing this are needed, such as simple school questionnaires. The present study used such questionnaires in an area of western Coà te d'Ivoire where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic; correctly completed questionnaires were returned from 121 out of 134 schools (90.3%), with 12 227 children interviewed individually. The presence of S. mansoni was verified by microscopic examination in 60 randomly selected schools, where 5047 schoolchildren provided two consecutive stool samples for Kato±Katz thick smears. For all samples it was found that 54.4% of individuals were infected with S. mansoni. Moreover, individuals infected with S. mansoni reported ``bloody diarrhoea'', ``blood in stools'' and ``schistosomiasis'' significantly more often than uninfected children. At the school level, Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the prevalence of S. mansoni significantly correlated with the prevalence of reported bloody diarrhoea (P = 0.002), reported blood in stools (P = 0.014) and reported schistosomiasis (P = 0.011). Reported bloody diarrhoea and reported blood in stools had the best diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 88.2%, specificity: 57.7%, positive predictive value: 73.2%, negative predictive value: 78.9%).
    [Show full text]
  • Coinfection of Schistosoma (Trematoda) with Bacteria, Protozoa and Helminths
    CHAPTER 1 Coinfection of Schistosoma (Trematoda) with Bacteria, Protozoa and Helminths ,† ‡ Amy Abruzzi* and Bernard Fried Contents 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Coinfection of Species of Schistosoma and Plasmodium 4 1.2.1. Animal studies 21 1.2.2. Human studies 23 1.3. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Protozoans other than in the Genus Plasmodium 24 1.3.1. Leishmania 32 1.3.2. Toxoplasma 32 1.3.3. Entamoeba 34 1.3.4. Trypanosoma 35 1.4. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Salmonella 36 1.4.1. Animal studies 36 1.4.2. Human studies 42 1.5. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species with Bacteria other than Salmonella 43 1.5.1. Mycobacterium 43 1.5.2. Helicobacter pylori 49 1.5.3. Staphylococcus aureus 50 1.6. Coinfection of Schistosoma and Fasciola Species 50 1.6.1. Animal studies 57 1.6.2. Human studies 58 * Skillman Library, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA { Epidemiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Piscataway, New Jersey, USA { Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA Advances in Parasitology, Volume 77 # 2011 Elsevier Ltd. ISSN 0065-308X, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-391429-3.00005-8 All rights reserved. 1 2 Amy Abruzzi and Bernard Fried 1.7. Coinfection of Schistosoma Species and Helminths other than the Genus Fasciola 59 1.7.1. Echinostoma 59 1.7.2. Hookworm 70 1.7.3. Trichuris 70 1.7.4. Ascaris 71 1.7.5. Strongyloides and Trichostrongyloides 72 1.7.6. Filarids 73 1.8. Concluding Remarks 74 References 75 Abstract This review examines coinfection of selected species of Schisto- soma with bacteria, protozoa and helminths and focuses on the effects of the coinfection on the hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Triaenophorus Nodulosus (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) Infection on Some Biochemical Parameters of the Liver of Perca fluviatilis
    J Parasit Dis (Oct-Dec 2019) 43(4):566–574 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-019-01128-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The effect of Triaenophorus nodulosus (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) infection on some biochemical parameters of the liver of Perca fluviatilis 1 1 1 Ekaterina V. Borvinskaya • Irina V. Sukhovskaya • Lev P. Smirnov • 1 1 1 Albina A. Kochneva • Aleksey N. Parshukov • Marina Yu. Krupnova • 1 1 1 Elizaveta A. Buoy • Rimma U. Vysotskaya • Maria V. Churova Received: 2 February 2019 / Accepted: 29 May 2019 / Published online: 5 June 2019 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2019 Abstract Natural infection of 2 to 6-year-old perch with Keywords Helminth Á Triaenophorus Á Cestoda Á the cestode parasites Triaenophorus nodulosus was shown Perca fluviatilis Á Invasion Á Biochemical status to have minor effects on the studied components of the antioxidant defense system, nucleic acids degradation, and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in the liver of the fish. Introduction The level of infection of 1–4 parasite larvae per fish observed in wild population of perch was shown to be The study of the effect of parasites on the biochemical moderate in terms of its effect on the health of the host fish. status of their host is important for clarifying the mutual The activity of hepatic enzymes b-galactosidase, b-glu- adaptations in the parasite–host system. A parasite directly cosidase, cathepsin D, and glutathione S-transferase affects its host by competing with it for resources; never- showed different responses in infected males and females, theless, there is usually a balance in the system, where which indicates different potential resistance of fish to the parasites cannot cause major damage to the host popula- stress exposure between genders.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    L fLUKE~ AI AN SNAILS, FLUKES AND MAN Edited by Director I Zoological Survey of India ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 1991 © Copyright, Govt of India. 1991 Published: August 1991 Based on the lectures delivered at the Training Programme on Snails, Flukes and Man held at Calcutta. (November 1989) Compiled by N.V. Subba Rao, J. K. Jonathan and C.B. Srivastava Cover design: Manoj K. Sengupta Indoplanorbis exustus in the centre with Cercariae around. PRICE India : Rs. 120.00 Foreign: £ 5.80; $ 8.00 Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India Calcutta-700 053 Printed by : Rashmi Advertising (Typesetting by its associate Mis laser Kreations) 7B, Rani Rashmoni Road, Calcutta-700 013 FOREWORD Zoological Survey of India has been playing a key role in the identification and study of faunal resources of our country. Over the years it has built up expertise on different faunal groups and in order to disseminate that knowledge training and extension services have been devised. Hitherto the training programmes were conducted In entomology, taxidermy and omithology. The scope of the training programmes has now been extended to other groups and the one on Snails, Flukes and Man is the first step in that direction. Zoological Survey of India has the distinction of being the only Institute where extensive and in-depth studies are pursued on both molluscs and helminths. The training programme has been of mutual interest to malacologists and helminthologlsts. The response to the programme was very encouraging and scientific discussions were very rewarding. The need for knowledge .and Iterature on molluscs was keenly felt.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Bovine Schistosomiasis and Its Associated Risk Factors
    ISSN 2664-8075 (Print) & ISSN 2706-5774 (Online) South Asian Research Journal of Applied Medical Sciences Abbreviated Key Title: South Asian Res J App Med Sci | Volume-2 | Issue-5 | Sep-Oct 2020 | DOI: 10.36346/sarjams.2020.v02i05.001 Review Article Review on Bovine Schistosomiasis and Its Associated Risk Factors Banchiayehu Atanew Demlew, Asfaw Kelemu Tessma* Bahir dar Zuria Woreda Administration, Bahir dar Zuria Woreda Veterinary Clinic *Corresponding Author Asfaw Kelemu Article History Received: 30.09.2020 Accepted: 15.10.2020 Published: 23.10.2020 Abstract: Schistosome is a treamatode, snail-born parasitic of circulatory system in domestic animals and man. Ruminants are usually infected with cercariae by active penetration of the unbroken skin. It is an economically important disease caused by several Schistosoma species and results in economic losses through mortality and morbidity. The geographical distribution of Schistosoma species infecting cattle are mainly determined by the distribution of their respective intermediate host snails. The disease affects rural communities particularly those who depend upon irrigation to support their agriculture and drink contaminated water. Effective transmission of schistosomiasis occurs when the schistosome parasites, the aquatic snail hosts and the human or animal definitive hosts meet in space and time in surface water. The pathological changes with the disease are attributed by the adult parasite, cercaria and the eggs of the parasite. Health education, chemotherapy, environmental and biological control as well as provision of clean water have an innumerable role in the control activity of the disease. The use of traditional medicines in the treatment of schistosomiasis are economically important and a growing concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Classificação E Morfologia De Platelmintos Em Medicina Veterinária
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE VETERINÁRIA CLASSIFICAÇÃO E MORFOLOGIA DE PLATELMINTOS EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA: TREMATÓDEOS SEROPÉDICA 2016 PREFÁCIO Este material didático foi produzido como parte do projeto intitulado “Desenvolvimento e produção de material didático para o ensino de Parasitologia Animal na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro: atualização e modernização”. Este projeto foi financiado pela Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Processo 2010.6030/2014-28 e coordenado pela professora Maria de Lurdes Azevedo Rodrigues (IV/DPA). SUMÁRIO Caracterização morfológica de endoparasitos de filos do reino Animalia 03 A. Filo Nemathelminthes 03 B. Filo Acanthocephala 03 C. Filo Platyhelminthes 03 Caracterização morfológica de endoparasitos do filo Platyhelminthes 03 C.1. Superclasse Cercomeridea 03 1. Classe Trematoda 03 1.1. Subclasse Digenea 03 1.1.1. Ordem Paramphistomida 03 A.1.Família Paramphistomidae 04 A. 1.1. Gênero Paramphistomum 04 Espécie Paramphistomum cervi 04 A.1.2. Gênero Cotylophoron 04 Espécie Cotylophoron cotylophorum 04 1.1.2. Ordem Echinostomatida 05 A. Superfamília Cyclocoeloidea 05 A.1. Família Cyclocoelidae 05 A.1.1.Gênero Typhlocoelum 05 Espécie Typhlocoelum cucumerinum 05 A.2. Família Fasciolidaea 06 A.2.1. Gênero Fasciola 06 Espécie Fasciola hepatica 06 A.3. Família Echinostomatidae 07 A.3.1. Gênero Echinostoma 07 Espécie Echinostoma revolutum 07 A.4. Família Eucotylidae 08 A.4.1. Gênero Tanaisia 08 Espécie Tanaisia bragai 08 1.1.3. Ordem Diplostomida 09 A. Superfamília Schistosomatoidea 09 A.1. Família Schistosomatidae 09 A.1.1. Gênero Schistosoma 09 Espécie Schistosoma mansoni 09 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Studies on Some Trematode Parasites of Ruminants in the Snail Intermediate Hosts in Three Districts of Uttar Pradesh, Jabalpur and Ranchi
    Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85 (9): 941–946, September 2015/Article Epidemiological studies on some trematode parasites of ruminants in the snail intermediate hosts in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, Jabalpur and Ranchi R K BAURI1, DINESH CHANDRA2, H LALRINKIMA3, O K RAINA4, M N TIGGA5 and NAVNEET KAUR6 Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India Received: 19 February 2015; Accepted: 26 March 2015 ABSTRACT Seasonal prevalence of 5 trematode parasites in the 4 snail species, viz. Lymnaea auricularia, L. luteola, Gyraulus convexiusculus and Indoplanorbis exustus for the years 2012–2014 was studied in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh and in Jabalpur and Ranchi districts of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand, respectively. Intramolluscan larval stages of Fasciola gigantica, Explanatum explanatum, Paramphistomum epiclitum, Fischoederius elongatus and Schistosoma spindale were identified using ITS-2, 28S rDNA, 12S mitochondrial (mt) DNA and Cox I markers. F. gigantica infection in L. auricularia had a significant (P<0.05) occurrence in the winter season followed by rains. Seasonality of P. epiclitum transmission in I. exustus was observed with significant occurrence of its infection in the rainy season followed by a sharp decline in other seasons. Prevalence of S. spindale infection in I. exustus was insignificant in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh but highly prevalent in other 2 districts. Infection with F. elongatus in L. luteola was recorded in different seasons. G. convexiusculus were screened for E. explanatum and Gastrothylax crumenifer infection and a significant rate of infection with E. explanatum was observed in the rainy season. Climatic factors including temperature and rainfall influence the distribution of snail populations and transmission of trematode infections by these snail intermediate hosts.
    [Show full text]