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Bonsai – the Beginners How to Guide

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Bonsai – the Beginners How to Guide Bonsai - The Beginners How to Guide Concave Pruner (Branch Cutter) ...... 28 Contents Wire cutters ..................................... 29 Introduction ........................................... 1 Knob Cutter ..................................... 30 1. What is Bonsai? ................................ 3 Root Hook ....................................... 30 Bonsai Tree Sizes ................................. 4 Root Cutter ...................................... 31 Largest to smallest ................................ 4 Other tools worth considering .............. 31 Bonsai: Marriage of Art and Horticulture 5 Bonsai Tweezers ............................. 31 History of Bonsai ................................... 7 Hemp Broom ................................... 32 Imperial Japan ...................................... 7 Tool maintenance ............................... 32 2. I Want A Bonsai; What Should I Do? . 11 Other accessories ............................... 33 Bonsai Starter Kits ............................... 11 Tool Sharpeners .............................. 33 Starter Trees........................................ 12 Turntable ......................................... 34 Ready Made Bonsai ......................... 14 5. Caring for Your Bonsai ..................... 35 3. Bonsai Trees to Begin With.................. 17 Your Bonsai and Sunlight .................... 36 Baby Jade Bonsai Tree ........................ 17 Indoor lighting ..................................... 36 Juniper Bonsai ..................................... 19 Keep Your Bonsai Comfortable - Air Chinese Elm Bonsai ............................. 20 Circulation and Humidity...................... 37 Ficus Bonsai ........................................ 22 Watering Your Bonsai ......................... 38 Dwarf Schefflera (Arboricola) ............... 23 When and How Often to Water your 4. Useful Tools ........................................ 26 Bonsai Tree ........................................ 39 Top 6 bonsai tools to start with ............. 27 6. Feeding Your Bonsai ....................... 43 Pruning Shears ................................ 27 What to Feed Your Bonsai .................. 43 Types of Fertilizer for Your Bonsai ........ 44 After Wiring ..................................... 60 When should I feed my bonsai ............. 45 9 Repotting Your Bonsai ..................... 61 7 Common Bonsai Styles .................... 46 Why Repot? ........................................ 61 Informal upright style – Moyogi ............. 46 Signs that Repotting is required ........... 62 Formal upright style – Chokkan ............ 47 When should I repot a Bonsai? ............ 63 Slanting Style – Shakan ....................... 48 How do I repot a Bonsai? .................... 63 Full Cascade Style – Kengai................. 49 Soil Mixes for Repotting....................... 65 Semi-Cascade style – Han-Kengai ....... 50 Types of Soil ....................................... 65 Broom Style - Hokidachi ....................... 50 What is the Best Soil Mix for Bonsai? .. 66 Twin Trunk - Sokan .............................. 51 10 Bonsai Pests and Diseases.............. 67 Literati Style - Bunjin-gi ........................ 52 Common Pests ................................... 67 8 Styling Your Bonsai .......................... 54 Common Diseases .............................. 69 Pruning Your Bonsai ............................ 54 11 Common Bonsai Mistakes ............... 71 Branch Pruning .................................... 55 1. Choosing the Wrong Bonsai Tree .... 71 Pruning Leaves and Shoots ................. 55 2. Over/Under Watering....................... 72 Other Pruning Techniques ................... 56 3. Incorrect Bonsai Placement ............. 73 Pinching ........................................... 56 4. Incorrect Type of Soil....................... 74 Defoliation ........................................ 57 5. Lack of Patience .............................. 74 Deadwood ........................................ 57 12 Happy Bonsai Gardening ................. 75 Wiring Bonsai ...................................... 58 Glossary ................................................. 78 Types of Wire ................................... 59 How to Wire?.................................... 60 Introduction You love gardening. You have an eye for beauty. You have patience. And most of all, you are a passionate person. What does this have to do with growing bonsai, though? As many serious gardeners and florists out there would tell you, Bonsai is part art, part horticulture used to cultivate and create your living piece of art. Visit Japan and you’ll discover how the locals take bonsai care so seriously that it brings gardening to a higher level. In fact the Shunkaen Bonsai Museum in Tokyo houses a 100-million-Yen bonsai tree, which is cared for by the popular bonsai artist, Kunio Kobayashi. Image Reference: Japanese Times This isn’t like growing ordinary plants and trees where by following the basic tenets of gardening will guide you through. Some say, delving into the art of bonsai requires a Zen mind and a penchant for art from the grower. Though many bonsai growers simply enjoy the relaxation aspects of creating and tending to a beautiful bonsai tree, other values can be cultivated when growing a bonsai such as patience, creativity, appreciation among many others. Bonsai was first introduced to Americans by the Japanese people 50 years ago, although it has been around since 700 AD. One of the common goals of growing bonsai is to attain a certain magnitude of beauty expressed by the shape and style of the Page 1 of 88 foliage and its branches. Everything should be balanced which you can achieve by cutting, trimming, bending, and pruning. Each chapter of this guide will reveal tips on how to grow and care for your bonsai tree. Key information you need to know as a new bonsai enthusiast about bonsai will be discussed here, from what a bonsai is really, its types, how to pick the right tools, styling techniques, up to helping you avoid some common mistakes. I hope you enjoy this comprehensive how-to guide and it helps you get started on your bonsai journey! Page 2 of 88 1. What is Bonsai? Often misspelt as Bonzai, “Bonsai” is a term commonly used in Japan meaning a “tree in a pot”. But beyond its literal meaning, it is an old art form that began in an ancient Chinese civilization 2,000 years ago. In China, bonsai are also known as penzai which means “tray plant”, through which natural sceneries, landscapes, and potted plants are depicted realistically but in their miniature form and shape. Simply said, bonsai is an art that aims to give a realistic representation of Mother Nature in the form of a tree. Image: Willow Leaf Fig You may well wonder if bonsai trees are genetically engineered to be small, they are NOT. Bonsai trees are different from dwarfed plants. One of the obvious reasons why bonsai are so small is the fact their growth is confined to a small container/pot and some parts like branches, leaves and roots are occasionally pruned to create the trees shape and style. This process allows no extra room for the roots to grow expansively and also its food is limited impacting its growth capability. Page 3 of 88 Bonsai Tree Sizes One of the more interesting aspects of a bonsai is their small size. The art of bonsai involves making a young tree appear as that of fully grown tree on a smaller scale. Imperial: Images reference http://www.gobbs.org/sizes.htm (Brandy Wine Bonsai Society) There is however a wide variety of bonsai sizes. The smallest bonsai trees are little more than an inch or two tall, whilst the largest bonsai can as tall as two meters. Bonsai trees are grown in a pot or tray of some kind. There have been various bonsai size classification systems over time, however the most commonly acceptable sizes are listed below. Remember, these categories are not set in stone, and many enthusiasts do not worry about the exact size of their trees. Note*: past sizing was measured upon how many hands it took to move a bonsai. Largest to smallest ❖ Imperial: 60 to 80 – the largest category of bonsai, mainly found in Japanese imperial garden ❖ Hachi-uye: 40 t0 60 – are very large bonsai and are six handed* ❖ Omono: 30 to 48 - the first of the four hand* category ❖ Chumono: 16 to 36 – is considered as two handed* bonsai trees ❖ Katade-mochi: 10 to 18 - the largest bonsai that can be lifted in one hand* Page 4 of 88 ❖ Komono: 6 to 10 – this is your generic small bonsai tree size ❖ Shohin: 5 to 8 – also known as palm bonsai ❖ Mame: 2 to 6 – smallest of the “one handed* bonsai” ❖ Shito: 2 to 4 – also known as the “thimble bonsai”, referring to the size of their pots ❖ Keshitsubo: 1 to 3 – the smallest variety of bonsai tree (Measurements in inches) Keshitsubo: Images reference http://www.gobbs.org/sizes.htm (Brandy Wine Bonsai Society) Bonsai Tip # 1: Bonsai are regular tree species. There is no such thing as bonsai seeds. Bonsai: A Marriage of Art and Horticulture Many ardent enthusiasts argue over whether Bonsai is an art or a horticultural practice. In reality, it is a little of both. Tending to the trees needs in terms of soil, water, light and feeding is all part of horticultural practice. Shaping and styling your bonsai to an image in your mind can be considered the art form. A bonsai artist knows how to visualize their “to-be” bonsai tree and may even sketch it. Page 5 of 88 Quoting Mr. Miyagi of the Karate Kid movies when Daniel San asks him: "But how do I know if my picture's the
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