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The Viewing Stone

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The Viewing Stone The Viewing Stone The art of the Viewing Stone, a short introduction. For the past two thousand years the appreciation of natural stones that look like objects, mountains , animals, boats and landscapes have been part of the ancient cultures of China, Korea and Japan. In the west the hobby has been steadily growing through some leading collectors showing their own stones in major exhibitions and museums Suiseki: Imagine holding an entire mountain range in one hand? Used in meditation to allow the mind to wander for a few moments, the art of Susieki and Gongshi is indeed become very popular in the United Kingdom as well as around the world. Gongshi are Chinese Scholars stones because these were often seen in the collections of teachers and scholars and used as an aid to meditation, they are becoming a popular hobby once more in China as the country undergoes a renaissance in discovery of its art history once again. 1 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Gongshi In the main, these are generally abstract in shape, sometimes called Scholars Stones, they were often used as a focussing conduit for meditation. In many Chinese Homes today you may find such a stone, be it small or extremely large and standing on a equally large beautifully carved stand or Stone plinth. Many things can be seen in the same stone by different people. Within this type of viewing stone there are many sub sections that describe the styles. Like Suiseki. Susieki however, are viewing stones that have originated as an art expression in Japan.. Some Scholars Stones and Susieki can change hands for a few pounds or many thousands of pounds while there are some exquisite Suiseki that have been sold in excess of one million dollars and even been exchanged for castles and lands.. Heady stuff for a stone. 2 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone The art of the Viewing Stone Suiseki as its known in Japan, North America and Europe, has many other names in the far east. Known in China as Gongshi-Fantastic Rock shapes and in Korea as Long life rocks, Indonesia as Suisok, have a long association with Bonsai and Penjing. Kemin Hu quoted in her excellent work The Spirit of Gongshi the following poem written by the great Tang dynasty poet, Bai Juyi who lived from 722 -846 AD. It is one of the earliest mentions of why a person loves the imagery in a rock. “Then I turned towards my two rocks asking if they would stay with me when I am old. They could not speak yet seemed to say that they would remain my faithful friends”. Bai Juyi lived in Suzhou near Taihu where many famous rocks come from. The lakes in this area known as Jiangsu Province (See section on Singapore Penjing) and the rocks are deeply worn and eroded Limestone rocks. The ultimate collectors? Oda Nobunaga (1534 -1582) overthrew the Ashikaga shogunate, was known to be an enthusiastic collector of both Zen-inspired garden stones and miniature landscape stones. In one incident, he is said to have sent a miniature landscape stone, named "Eternal Pine Mountain" together with a fine tea bowl, in exchange for the Ishiyama fortress (Currently the site of Osaka castle) in 1850. 3 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone This is an early display I mounted at the Bristol Bonsai Show nearly 20 years ago. Stone Collections: Collections of Stones can be seen in many places these days. Boston Museum of Fine Arts has a particularly good collection started nearly ninety years ago. A fine large Gongshi stone stands outside the Museum. The Penjing and Suiseki Pavilion in Washington DC also includes the National Bonsai Collection, The Golden State Bonsai Collection in San Francisco, The Penjing and Bonsai Exhibit in Montreal Botanic Gardens, and many more places in the West. China has some excellent Gongshi stone collections and include the Imperial Garden and Summer Palace in Beijing, Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai, Zhan Garden in Nanjing, Tinglin Park in Kunshan, Jiangnan Famous Stone Garden in Hangzhou, Liuyuan Garden in Suzhou, The Stubborn Rock House in the Guqi Gardens in Shanghai. Many more collections can be found on the Internet. There is a very nice small collection in the Singapore Chinese Gardens 4 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone A display of American Suiseki at the National Arboretum in Washington Bonsai, Penjing and viewing stones, Suiseki or Gongshi, are inextricably linked. In the history of Bonsai and Penjing I mentioned that the appreciation of stone landscapes started in China and Korea nearly two thousand years ago. This was part of the culture of appreciation of miniature trees with our without stones. It evolved into a general appreciation of the stones themselves and the distinct 5 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Chinese, South East Asian, Japanese and appreciation of different kinds of images recognized in stone. The European and North American interest took their own paths This is a collected Sprit Stone from New Zealand. It is approximately 3 metres tall. The Appreciation of Suiseki: Suiseki are small stones that have naturally weathered into aesthetically pleasing shapes. Many Suiseki suggest mountains, islands and waterfalls. Others resemble human or animal figures, or are prized for their colourful or abstract textures. Collected in the wild, on mountains and in streambeds, and then displayed in a natural state, these stones are objects of great beauty. They are also sophisticated tools for inner reflection that stir in all who see them an appreciation for the awesome power of the universe. The Japanese have gathered Suiseki for many centuries but the art has only recently become popular in the west especially amongst Bonsai Growers 6 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone . 7 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone One of my first Suiseki was this huge petrified wood that I found near Loch Lomond in Scotland in 1975. I had a stone mason create a slate base which he cut to match the shape of the stones base. (This was a very hard job) I still have this wonderful landscape Suiseki. 8 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Part of Tokonomascrolls.com sales display in Belgium in 2013 9 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Inspiration for Suiseki can be landscapes like this in Kweilin-China (©Brian Gunther) Suiseki are dark in colour with an elegant patina symbolising the timelessness of the art. Their pristine condition, universal appeal and suggestiveness contribute to the appreciation of Suiseki as works of art. The beauty and evocative powers of Suiseki enable viewers to stimulate their own memories of past events and places; to create emotional connections and to serve as a medium for relaxation. For some collectors the quest for Suiseki is akin to a spiritual or mystical experience. 10 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Suiseki on Tokonomascrolls.com stands, Arco, Noelanders and other events 11 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Figure Suiseki: I found this in Alaska. It is basalt with quartz. It looked like an Inuit woman holding her hand up to her mouth. I asked Dan Barton, one of the UK’s famous Bonsai Master and Potter, to create this Suiban with a glass interior to look like ice. I call it Oops! As if the woman has just missed her step and is falling into the water. 12 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone HuangShan Yellow Mountain Anhui Province China-©Craig Coussins The aesthetics of Suiseki: The most important variable in the appreciation of Suiseki is that of their beauty. Their attractiveness comes about from a grouping of elements unique to the natural world that have come together, unmodified, in a manner deemed beautiful by the standards of art. Suiseki imitate nature in their content, proportion, shape, colour and texture. The better a Suiseki’s intrinsic qualities the more powerful its evocative strength and beauty. 13 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Balance Rocks, Arches National Park-Utah-©Craig Coussins A Suiseki is millions of years old. It has arrived at its present shape through the inexorable forces of nature. Thus, captured in its static form are the dynamics of time, heat, cold and weathering. Ironically the more eroded and battered the stone, the longer it has been engaged by the elements and the more reassured to becomes as an object of artistic appreciation. Suiseki may be viewed quite simply. In its basic acceptance as a pretty stone with a nice shape or it may be viewed at the various levels of complexity that embrace art, philosophy or mineralogy. Or it can serve as a metaphor for the connection between ones private world and the universe. These levels of enjoyment and appreciation make Suiseki not merely an art form but a means by which filed collectors can achieve personal satisfaction and peace. Displaying a Suiseki A suiseki is a relatively simple object to display. On a small table or suitable thin slab of wood. The background can be dressed with a Scroll depicting the landscape from 14 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone which the stone originated, beach, mountain or forest. The accent to offset the stone can be a small figure, animal or object that suggest the form of the stone or something that harmonises with the stone itself. Kyoto Bonsai and Suiseki Show-©Craig Coussins Dai and Daiza Some Susieki are displayed on Tables or Dai. The stand for the stone itself is called a Daiza. Daizas are the handmade wood stands carved specially for each stone., Suiseki can also be displayed in ceramic trays called Suibans , or even bronze which are called Dhobans. These trays, in turn, are displayed on Dai (tables) 15 ©Craig Coussins The Viewing Stone Kunio Kobayashi Museum Tokyo-©Craig Coussins Collecting Suiseki: There are a several techniques a collector can use to increase the chance of finding good quality material suitable for Suiseki.
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