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Summary of Notifiable Diseases — United States, 2008

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Summary of Notifiable Diseases — United States, 2008 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report www.cdc.gov/mmwr Weekly Published June 25, 2010, for 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. 54 Summary of Notifiable Diseases — United States, 2008 Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR June 25, 2010 CONTENTS The MMWR series of publications is published by the Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health Preface ..................................................................................... 2 and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. Background .............................................................................. 2 Suggested Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infectious Diseases Designated as Notifiable at the National [Summary of notifiable diseases—United States, 2008]. Published June Level during 2008 .................................................................... 3 25, 2010 for MMWR 2008;57(No. 54):[inclusive page numbers]. Data Sources ............................................................................ 4 Interpreting Data ....................................................................... 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Thomas R. Frieden, MD, MPH Transition in NNDSS Data Collection and Reporting ..................... 5 Director Methodology for Identifying which Nationally Notifiable Peter A. Briss, MD, MPH Infectious Diseases are Reportable ............................................. 6 Acting Associate Director for Science Revised International Health Regulations ..................................... 6 James W. Stephens, PhD Office of the Associate Director for Science Highlights for 2008 ................................................................... 8 Stephen B. Thacker, MD, MSc PART 1: Summaries of Notifiable Diseases in the Deputy Director for United States, 2008 ............................................................... 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services TABLE 1. Reported cases of notifiable diseases, MMWR Editorial and Production Staff by month — United States, 2008 ......................................... 19 Frederic E. Shaw, MD, JD TABLE 2. Reported cases of notifiable diseases, Editor, MMWR Series by geographic division and area — United States, 2008 ....... 21 Christine G. Casey, MD Deputy Editor, MMWR Series TABLE 3. Reported cases and incidence of notifiable Robert A. Gunn, MD, MPH diseases, by age group — United States, 2008 ..................... 32 Associate Editor, MMWR Series TABLE 4. Reported cases and incidence of notifiable Teresa F. Rutledge diseases, by sex — United States, 2008 ................................ 34 Managing Editor, MMWR Series TABLE 5. Reported cases and incidence of notifiable David C. Johnson Lead Technical Writer-Editor diseases, by race — United States, 2008 .............................. 36 Suzanne M. Hewitt, MPA TABLE 6. Reported cases and incidence of notifiable Project Editor diseases, by ethnicity — United States, 2008 ........................ 38 Martha F. Boyd PART 2: Graphs and Maps for Selected Notifiable Lead Visual Information Specialist Diseases in the United States, 2008 ......................................... 40 Malbea A. LaPete PART 3: Historical Summaries of Notifiable Diseases Stephen R. Spriggs in the United States, 1977–2008 ............................................. 76 Terraye M. Starr Visual Information Specialists TABLE 7. Reported incidence of notifiable diseases — Quang M. Doan, MBA United States, 1998–2008 ................................................... 77 Phyllis H. King TABLE 8. Reported cases of notifiable diseases — Information Technology Specialists United States, 2001–2008 ................................................... 79 MMWR Editorial Board TABLE 9. Reported cases of notifiable diseases — United States, 1993–2000 ................................................... 82 William L. Roper, MD, MPH, Chapel Hill, NC, Chairman Virginia A. Caine, MD, Indianapolis, IN TABLE 10. Reported cases of notifiable diseases — Jonathan E. Fielding, MD, MPH, MBA, Los Angeles, CA United States, 1985–1992 ................................................... 84 David W. Fleming, MD, Seattle, WA William E. Halperin, MD, DrPH, MPH, Newark, NJ TABLE 11. Reported cases of notifiable diseases — King K. Holmes, MD, PhD, Seattle, WA United States, 1977–1984 ................................................... 85 Deborah Holtzman, PhD, Atlanta, GA John K. Iglehart, Bethesda, MD TABLE 12. Number of deaths from selected nationally Dennis G. Maki, MD, Madison, WI notifiable infectious diseases — United States, 2002–2006 .... 86 Patricia Quinlisk, MD, MPH, Des Moines, IA Patrick L. Remington, MD, MPH, Madison, WI Selected Reading for 2008....................................................... 87 Barbara K. Rimer, DrPH, Chapel Hill, NC John V. Rullan, MD, MPH, San Juan, PR William Schaffner, MD, Nashville, TN Anne Schuchat, MD, Atlanta, GA Dixie E. Snider, MD, MPH, Atlanta, GA John W. Ward, MD, Atlanta, GA Vol. 57 / No. 54 MMWR 1 Summary of Notifiable Diseases — United States, 2008 Prepared by Patsy A. Hall-Baker, Coordinator, Summary of Notifiable Diseases1 Enrique Nieves, Jr., MS, Acting Division Director1 Ruth Ann Jajosky, DMD1 Deborah A. Adams1 Pearl Sharp1 Willie J. Anderson1 J. Javier Aponte1 Aaron E. Aranas, MPH, MBA1 Susan B. Katz, MPH1 Michelle Mayes1 Michael S. Wodajo1 Diana H. Onweh1 James Baillie1 Meeyoung Park2 1Division of Notifiable Disease Surveillance (Proposed), the Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (Proposed), CDC 2McKing Consulting Corporation 2 MMWR June 25, 2010 Preface Background The Summary of Notifiable Diseases— United States, 2008 The infectious diseases designated as notifiable at the national contains the official statistics, in tabular and graphic form, level during 2008 are listed in this section. A notifiable disease for the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable infectious is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information diseases in the United States for 2008. Unless otherwise noted, regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the the data are final totals for 2008 reported as of June 30, 2009. prevention and control of the disease. A brief history of the These statistics are collected and compiled from reports sent reporting of nationally notifiable infectious diseases in the by state health departments and territories to the National United States is available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/ Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), which is nndss/nndsshis.htm. In 1961, CDC assumed responsibility for operated by CDC in collaboration with the Council of State the collection and publication of data on nationally notifiable and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). The Summary is diseases. NNDSS is neither a single surveillance system nor available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/summary.html. This a method of reporting. Certain NNDSS data are reported to site also includes publications from previous years. CDC through separate surveillance information systems and The Highlights section presents noteworthy epidemiologic through different reporting mechanisms; however, these data and prevention information for 2008 for selected diseases and are aggregated and compiled for publication purposes. additional information to aid in the interpretation of surveil- Notifiable disease reporting at the local level protects the lance and disease-trend data. Part 1 contains tables showing public’s health by ensuring the proper identification and follow- incidence data for the nationally notifiable infectious diseases up of cases. Public health workers ensure that persons who are during 2008.* The tables provide the number of cases reported already ill receive appropriate treatment; trace contacts who to CDC for 2008 and the distribution of cases by month, geo- need vaccines, treatment, quarantine, or education; investigate graphic location, and the patient’s demographic characteristics and halt outbreaks; eliminate environmental hazards; and close (age, sex, race, and ethnicity). Part 2 contains graphs and maps premises where spread has occurred. Surveillance of notifiable that depict summary data for certain notifiable infectious dis- conditions helps public health authorities to monitor the eases described in tabular form in Part 1. Part 3 contains tables impact of notifiable conditions, measure disease trends, assess that list the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to the effectiveness of control and prevention measures, identify CDC since 1977. This section also includes a table enumerating populations or geographic areas at high risk, allocate resources deaths associated with specified notifiable diseases reported to appropriately, formulate prevention strategies, and develop CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) during public health policies. Monitoring surveillance data enables 2002–2006. The Selected Reading section presents general public health authorities to detect sudden changes in disease and disease-specific references for notifiable infectious diseases. occurrence and distribution, identify changes in agents and These references provide additional information on surveil- host factors, and detect changes in health-care practices. lance and epidemiologic concerns, diagnostic concerns, and The list of nationally notifiable infectious diseases is revised disease-control activities. periodically. A disease
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