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Focus on Over-The-Counter Drugs' Misuse: a Systematic Review On
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW published: 07 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.657397 Focus on Over-the-Counter Drugs’ Misuse: A Systematic Review on Antihistamines, Cough Medicines, and Decongestants Fabrizio Schifano 1, Stefania Chiappini 1,2*, Andrea Miuli 2, Alessio Mosca 2, Maria Chiara Santovito 2, John M. Corkery 1, Amira Guirguis 3, Mauro Pettorruso 2, Massimo Di Giannantonio 2 and Giovanni Martinotti 2 1 Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy, 3 Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea Edited by: University, Swansea, United Kingdom Nicolas Simon, Aix Marseille Université, France Background: Over the past 20 years or so, the drug misuse scenario has seen the Reviewed by: Nicolas Franchitto, emergence of both prescription-only and over-the-counter (OTC) medications being Université Toulouse III Paul reported as ingested for recreational purposes. OTC drugs such as antihistamines, Sabatier, France Oussama Kebir, cough/cold medications, and decongestants are reportedly the most popular in being Institut National de la Santé et de la diverted and misused. Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France Objective: While the current related knowledge is limited, the aim here was to *Correspondence: examine the published clinical data on OTC misuse, focusing on antihistamines Stefania Chiappini (e.g., diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine, and dimenhydrinate), [email protected] dextromethorphan (DXM)- and codeine-based cough medicines, and the nasal Specialty section: decongestant pseudoephedrine. This article was submitted to Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out with the help of Scopus, Addictive Disorders, a section of the journal Web of Science databases, and the related gray literature. -
Advances in Understanding the Genetics of Syndromes Involving Congenital Upper Limb Anomalies
Review Article Page 1 of 10 Advances in understanding the genetics of syndromes involving congenital upper limb anomalies Liying Sun1#, Yingzhao Huang2,3,4#, Sen Zhao2,3,4, Wenyao Zhong1, Mao Lin2,3,4, Yang Guo1, Yuehan Yin1, Nan Wu2,3,4, Zhihong Wu2,3,5, Wen Tian1 1Hand Surgery Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; 3Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 5Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: W Tian, N Wu, Z Wu, S Zhong; (II) Administrative support: All authors; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: All authors; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Y Huang; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: L Sun; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Wen Tian. Hand Surgery Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Congenital upper limb anomalies (CULA) are a common birth defect and a significant portion of complicated syndromic anomalies have upper limb involvement. Mostly the mortality of babies with CULA can be attributed to associated anomalies. The cause of the majority of syndromic CULA was unknown until recently. Advances in genetic and genomic technologies have unraveled the genetic basis of many syndromes- associated CULA, while at the same time highlighting the extreme heterogeneity in CULA genetics. Discoveries regarding biological pathways and syndromic CULA provide insights into the limb development and bring a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CULA. -
Abdominal Epilepsy in an Adult: a Diagnosis Often Missed Psychiatry Section
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/19873.8600 Case Report Abdominal Epilepsy in an Adult: A Diagnosis Often Missed Psychiatry Section DEVAVRAT G HARSHE1, SNEHA D HARSHE2, GURUDAS R HARSHE3, GAYATRI G HARSHE4 ABSTRACT Abdominal Epilepsy (AE) is a variant of temporal lobe epilepsy and is commonly seen in pediatric age group. There are however, multiple reports of abdominal epilepsy in adolescents and even in adults. Chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms with one or more neuropsychiatric manifestations are often the presenting picture for a patient with AE. Such patients therefore, are more likely to consult a general practioner, a physician, a surgeon or a gastroenterologist than consulting a psychiatrist or a neurologist. We hereby present such a case of AE in an adult with review of similar reports. Keywords: Abdominal pain, Consultation liaison psychiatry, Temporal lobe CASE REPORT persisted. Considering the episodic hypertension with headache, A 45-year-old female with no past significant medical or psychiatric pheochromocytoma was suspected and was ruled out, when 24 history was referred to a psychiatric nursing home by a surgeon hours urinary Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and serum metanephrines for suspected psychogenic abdominal pain. History consisted of turned out to be normal. Abdominal migraine and porphyria were multiple clustered episodes of abdominal pain since one year; each ruled out considering the duration of episodes, lack of any family episode consisting of insufferable abdominal pain with genuine history and absence of other findings supportive of porphyria. distress. Pain would begin at the right iliac fossa and radiate to Abdominal epilepsy was then considered as the diagnosis and was the umbilical area. -
Certified Products List
THE ART & CREATIVE MATERIALS INSTITUTE, INC. Street Address: 1280 Main St., 2nd Floor Mailing Address: P.O. Box 479 Hanson, MA 02341 USA Tel. (781) 293-4100 Fax (781) 294-0808 www.acminet.org Certified Products List March 28, 2007 & ANSI Performance Standard Z356._X BUY PRODUCTS THAT BEAR THE ACMI SEALS Products Authorized to Bear the Seals of The Certification Program of THE ART & CREATIVE MATERIALS INSTITUTE, INC. Since 1940, The Art & Creative Materials Institute, Inc. (“ACMI”) has been evaluating and certifying art, craft, and other creative materials to ensure that they are properly labeled. This certification program is reviewed by ACMI’s Toxicological Advisory Board. Over the years, three certification seals had been developed: The CP (Certified Product) Seal, the AP (Approved Product) Seal, and the HL (Health Label) Seal. In 1998, ACMI made the decision to simplify its Seals and scale the number of Seals used down to two. Descriptions of these new Seals and the Seals they replace follow: New AP Seal: (replaces CP Non-Toxic, CP, AP Non-Toxic, AP, and HL (No Health Labeling Required). Products bearing the new AP (Approved Product) Seal of the Art & Creative Materials Institute, Inc. (ACMI) are certified in a program of toxicological evaluation by a medical expert to contain no materials in sufficient quantities to be toxic or injurious to humans or to cause acute or chronic health problems. These products are certified by ACMI to be labeled in accordance with the chronic hazard labeling standard, ASTM D 4236 and the U.S. Labeling of Hazardous NO HEALTH LABELING REQUIRED Art Materials Act (LHAMA) and there is no physical hazard as defined with 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 (c). -
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin. Presenting Sign of Hypothalamic Hypopituitarism R
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.57.667.310 on 1 May 1981. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (May 1981) 57, 310-313 Pyrexia of unknown origin. Presenting sign of hypothalamic hypopituitarism R. MARILUS* A. BARKAN* M.D. M.D. S. LEIBAt R. ARIE* M.D. M.D. I. BLUM* M.D. *Department of Internal Medicine 'B' and tDepartment ofEndocrinology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel Summary least 10 such admissions because offever of unknown A 62-year-old man was admitted to hospital 10 times origin had been recorded. During this period, he over 12 years because of pyrexia of unknown origin. was extensively investigated for possible infectious, Hypothalamic hypopituitarism was diagnosed by neoplastic, inflammatory and collagen diseases, but dynamic tests including clomiphene, LRH, TRH and the various tests failed to reveal the cause of theby copyright. chlorpromazine stimulation. Lack of ACTH was fever. demonstrated by long and short tetracosactrin tests. A detailed past history of the patient was non- The aetiology of the disorder was believed to be contributory. However, further questioning at a previous encephalitis. later period of his admission revealed interesting Following substitution therapy with adrenal and pertinent facts. Twelve years before the present gonadal steroids there were no further episodes of admission his body hair and sex activity had been fever. normal. At that time he had an acute febrile illness with severe headache which lasted for about one Introduction week. He was not admitted to hospital and did not http://pmj.bmj.com/ Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) may present receive any specific therapy. -
Mathematics K Through 6
Building fun and creativity into standards-based learning Mathematics K through 6 Ron De Long, M.Ed. Janet B. McCracken, M.Ed. Elizabeth Willett, M.Ed. © 2007 Crayola, LLC Easton, PA 18044-0431 Acknowledgements Table of Contents This guide and the entire Crayola® Dream-Makers® series would not be possible without the expertise and tireless efforts Crayola Dream-Makers: Catalyst for Creativity! ....... 4 of Ron De Long, Jan McCracken, and Elizabeth Willett. Your passion for children, the arts, and creativity are inspiring. Thank you. Special thanks also to Alison Panik for her content-area expertise, writing, research, and curriculum develop- Lessons ment of this guide. Garden of Colorful Counting ....................................... 6 Set representation Crayola also gratefully acknowledges the teachers and students who tested the lessons in this guide: In the Face of Symmetry .............................................. 10 Analysis of symmetry Barbi Bailey-Smith, Little River Elementary School, Durham, NC Gee’s-o-metric Wisdom ................................................ 14 Geometric modeling Rob Bartoch, Sandy Plains Elementary School, Baltimore, MD Patterns of Love Beads ................................................. 18 Algebraic patterns Susan Bivona, Mount Prospect Elementary School, Basking Ridge, NJ A Bountiful Table—Fair-Share Fractions ...................... 22 Fractions Jennifer Braun, Oak Street Elementary School, Basking Ridge, NJ Barbara Calvo, Ocean Township Elementary School, Oakhurst, NJ Whimsical Charting and -
Mercury Poisoning Manifested Acrodynia, Reported in Four Old Boy in Michigan Ten Day After the Inside of His Heme Painted
TOXIC INFECTIVE DISORDERS MERCURY POISONING AND LATEX PAINT Mercury poisoning manifested as acrodynia, reported in a four year old boy in Michigan ten day after the inside of his heme was painted with 64 liters of interior latex paint containing phenylmercurie acetate, prompted an investigation by the Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. Nineteen families were recruited from a list of more than 100 persons who called the Michigan Department of Public Health after a press release announced that some interior latex paint contained more than the recommended limit of mercury of 1.5 nmol per liter. Ihe median mercury content of the paint in 29 cans sanpled from the exposed households was 3.8 nmol per liter. Hie concentrations of mercury in the air sanples obtained from homes of exposed families were significantly higher than in the unexposed households. Urinary mercury concentrations were significantly higher among the exposed persons than among unexposed persons (4.7 nmol of mercury per millimole of creatinine compared to 1.1 nmol per millimole). These mercury concentrations in exposed persons have been associated with synptcmatic mercury poisoning. (Agocs MM, Etzel RA et al. Mercury exposure from interior latex paint. N Engl J Med Oct 18, 1990; 323:1096-1101). OCMVENT. Exposed children had the highest urinary mercury concentrations and young children may be at increased risk since vapors containing mercury are heavier than indoor air and tend to settle toward the floor. Individual exposure to mercury varies with the time spent in painted rooms, the depth and frequency of inhalation, the degree of ventilation in the room, and the likely decrease in mercury vapors over time. -
Global Journal of Medical Research: F Diseases Cancer, Ophthalmology & Pediatric
OnlineISSN:2249-4618 PrintISSN:0975-5888 DOI:10.17406/GJMRA CoronaryArteryBypassGrafting RelationshipofClinicalManifestations SynapticPruninginAlzheimerʼsDisease TreatmentofUpperandLowerRespiratory VOLUME20ISSUE6VERSION1.0 Global Journal of Medical Research: F Diseases Cancer, Ophthalmology & Pediatric Global Journal of Medical Research: F Diseases Cancer, Ophthalmology & Pediatric Volume 2 0 Issue 6 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. © Global Journal of Medical (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Research. 2020. Open Scientific Standards All rights reserved. Publisher’s Headquarters office This is a special issue published in version 1.0 of “Global Journal of Medical Research.” By ® Global Journals Inc. Global Journals Headquarters 945th Concord Streets, All articles are open access articles distributed under “Global Journal of Medical Research” Framingham Massachusetts Pin: 01701, United States of America Reading License, which permits restricted use. Entire contents are copyright by of “Global USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 Journal of Medical Research” unless USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 otherwise noted on specific articles. Offset Typesetting No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including Global Journals Incorporated photocopy, recording, or any information 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, storage and retrieval system, without written permission. Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom The opinions and statements made in this Packaging & Continental Dispatching book are those of the authors concerned. Ultraculture has not verified and neither confirms nor denies any of the foregoing and Global Journals Pvt Ltd no warranty or fitness is implied. E-3130 Sudama Nagar, Near Gopur Square, Engage with the contents herein at your own Indore, M.P., Pin:452009, India risk. -
Ictus Emeticus: Case Reports and Literature Review Ismail A
Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS) Volume 2 | Issue 2 Article 4 7-2007 Ictus Emeticus: Case Reports and Literature Review Ismail A. Khatri Shifa International Hospital Umar S. Chaudhry Shifa International Hospital Abdul Majeed Khatri Neurology Center, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA Zahid F. Cheema University of Oklahoma Medical Center Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pjns Part of the Neurology Commons Recommended Citation Khatri, Ismail A.; Chaudhry, Umar S.; Khatri, Abdul Majeed; and Cheema, Zahid F. (2007) "Ictus Emeticus: Case Reports and Literature Review," Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS): Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pjns/vol2/iss2/4 C A S E R E P O R T ICTUS EMETICUS: CASE REPORTS AND LITERATURE REVIEW Ismail A. Khatri1, Umar S. Chaudhry1, Abdul Majeed Khatri2, Zahid F. Cheema3 1Department of Neurology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan; 2 Neurology Center, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA; 3Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Correspondence to: Dr. Khatri, Section of Neurology, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd., Pitras Bukhari Road, Sector H-8/4, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan. Tel: (92-51) 444-6801-30 Ext: 3175, 3025. Fax: (92-51) 486-3182. Email: [email protected] Pak J Neurol Sci 2007; 2(2):96-98 ABSTRACT The diagnosis of abdominal epilepsy came into vogue in the 1950s and 1960s. Vomiting as a manifestation of seizure has been given different names including ictus emeticus. We report three cases of this interesting albeit uncommon condition. It is important for physicians to familiarize themselves with this symptomatology so as not to overlook this unique presentation of epileptic seizures. -
Blueprint Genetics Craniosynostosis Panel
Craniosynostosis Panel Test code: MA2901 Is a 38 gene panel that includes assessment of non-coding variants. Is ideal for patients with craniosynostosis. About Craniosynostosis Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures leading to secondary distortion of skull shape. It may result from a primary defect of ossification (primary craniosynostosis) or, more commonly, from a failure of brain growth (secondary craniosynostosis). Premature closure of the sutures (fibrous joints) causes the pressure inside of the head to increase and the skull or facial bones to change from a normal, symmetrical appearance resulting in skull deformities with a variable presentation. Craniosynostosis may occur in an isolated setting or as part of a syndrome with a variety of inheritance patterns and reccurrence risks. Craniosynostosis occurs in 1/2,200 live births. Availability 4 weeks Gene Set Description Genes in the Craniosynostosis Panel and their clinical significance Gene Associated phenotypes Inheritance ClinVar HGMD ALPL Odontohypophosphatasia, Hypophosphatasia perinatal lethal, AD/AR 78 291 infantile, juvenile and adult forms ALX3 Frontonasal dysplasia type 1 AR 8 8 ALX4 Frontonasal dysplasia type 2, Parietal foramina AD/AR 15 24 BMP4 Microphthalmia, syndromic, Orofacial cleft AD 8 39 CDC45 Meier-Gorlin syndrome 7 AR 10 19 EDNRB Hirschsprung disease, ABCD syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome AD/AR 12 66 EFNB1 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia XL 28 116 ERF Craniosynostosis 4 AD 17 16 ESCO2 SC phocomelia syndrome, Roberts syndrome -
Recreational Use of Popular Otc Drugs – Pharmacological Review
FARMACIA, 2018, Vol. 66, 2 REVIEW RECREATIONAL USE OF POPULAR OTC DRUGS – PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW PIOTR JAKUBOWSKI *, PUCHAŁA ŁUKASZ, GRZEGORZEWSKI WALDEMAR Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland *corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received: June 2017 Abstract Over-the-counter medicines use disorder is a serious and growing health problem affecting mainly adolescents. Drugs from many therapeutic classes, including antitussive agents such as dextromethorphan and codeine, antihistamine drugs diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate, nasal decongestant pseudoephedrine and anti-inflammatory drug benzydamine are used for this purpose. Habitual users of most of these drugs can develop symptoms of substance dependence. When used in large quantities, these drugs can cause numerous toxic effects, including death. Recently many countries introduced legal restrictions in codeine, dextromethorphan and pseudoephedrine sales. Rezumat Abuzul de medicamente eliberate fără rețetă reprezintă o problemă gravă a sănătății care afectează în principal adolescenții. În acest scop, sunt utilizate medicamente din mai multe clase terapeutice, incluzând agenți antitusivi precum dextrometorfan și codeină, medicamente antihistaminice difenhidramină și dimenhidrinat, pseudoefedrină decongestionant nazal și benzidamină medicament antiinflamator. Utilizatorii obișnuiți ai majorității acestor medicamente pot dezvolta simptome de -
Two Novel Pathogenic FBN1 Variations and Their Phenotypic Relationship of Marfan Syndrome
Published online: 2020-08-20 THIEME 68 Case Report Two Novel Pathogenic FBN1 Variations and Their Phenotypic Relationship of Marfan Syndrome Sinem Yalcintepe1 Selma Demir1 Emine Ikbal Atli1 Murat Deveci2 Engin Atli1 Hakan Gurkan1 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya Address for correspondence Sinem Yalcıntepe, MD, Department of University, Edirne, Turkey Medical Genetics, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya 22030, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected]). University, Edirne, Turkey Global Med Genet 2020;7:68–71. Abstract Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease affecting connective tissue involving the ocular, skeletal systems with a prevalence of 1/5,000 to 1/10,000 cases. Especially cardiovascular system disorders (aortic root dilatation and enlargement of the pulmonary artery) may be life-threatening. We report here the genetic analysis results of three unrelated cases clinically diagnosed as Marfan syndrome. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)-blood samples of the patients. A next-generation sequencing panel containing 15 genes including FBN1 was used to determine the underlying pathogenic variants of Marfan syndrome. Three different variations, NM_000138.4(FBN1):c.229G > A(p.Gly77Arg), NM_000138.4(FBN1):c.165– Keywords 2A > G (novel), NM_000138.4(FBN1):c.399delC (p.Cys134ValfsTer8) (novel) were deter- ► Marfan syndrome mined in our three cases referred with a prediagnosis of Marfan syndrome. Our study has ► novel variation confirmed the utility of molecular testing in Marfan syndrome to support clinical diagnosis. ► next-generation With an accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling for prognosis of patients and family sequencing testing, the prenatal diagnosis will be possible.