DOCSLIB.ORG

Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) plants Article Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) Dmitry D. Sokoloff 1 , Shrirang R. Yadav 2, Arun N. Chandore 3 and Margarita V. Remizowa 1,* 1 Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; dmitry.sokoloff@msu-botany.ru or sokoloff[email protected] 2 Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416 004, MS, India; sryadavdu@rediffmail.com 3 Department of Botany, Abasaheb Marathe Arts and New Commerce, Science College, Rajapur 416 702, District Ratnagiri, MS, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 6 October 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 24 October 2020 Abstract: Eriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation of flower development in three species of Eriocaulon to understand whether organ number and arrangement are stable in E. redactum, a species with a highly reduced calyx and reportedly missing corolla of female flowers. Early flower development is similar in all three species. Male and female flowers are indistinguishable at early stages. Despite earlier reports, both floral types uniformly possess three congenitally united sepals and three petals in E. redactum. Petals and inner stamens develop from common primordia. We assume that scanning electron microscopy should be used in taxonomic accounts of Eriocaulon to assess organ number and arrangement. Two types of corolla reduction are found in Eriocaulaceae: suppression and complete loss of petals. Common petal–stamen primordia in Eriocaulon do not co-occur with delayed receptacle expansion as in other monocots but are associated with retarded petal growth. The ‘reverse’ flower orientation of Eriocaulon is probably due to strictly transversal lateral sepals. Gynoecium development indicates similarities of Eriocaulaceae with restiids and graminids rather than with Xyridaceae. Keywords: common primordia; Eriocaulaeae; Eriocaulon redactum; floral development; floral evolution; flower; monocots; organ fusion; receptacle; Poales 1. Introduction The occurrence of trimerous pentacyclic flowers (with 3 + 3 perianth members, 3 + 3 stamens and 3 carpels) is a stable feature of many monocot lineages and one of key characteristics of monocots as a natural group [1–4]. Orientation of trimerous pentacyclic flowers in relation to surrounding phyllomes shows stable patterns across monocots [1,5]. In particular, trimerous flowers of almost all monocots lacking floral prophylls (bracteoles) on lateral pedicels have a median outer whorl perianth member inserted abaxially and two other outer whorl perianth members in transverse-adaxial positions (Figure1A). Exceptions from this rule are extremely rare and include the basal monocot family Araceae (Alismatales: [6]) and the commelinid family Eriocaulaceae (Poales: [1,7–11]), where the outer whorl median member of the trimerous perianth occupies an adaxial position (Figure1B). However, Araceae are also remarkable in the total absence of flower-subtending bract (that plays important morphogenetic roles in other monocots) and overall high variation of flower groundplan [6,12]. In contrast, flower-subtending bracts are well developed at least in the peripheral flowers in Plants 2020, 9, 1424; doi:10.3390/plants9111424 www.mdpi.com/journal/plants Plants 2020, 9, 1424x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 26 high variation of flower groundplan [6,12]. In contrast, flower-subtending bracts are well developed atEriocaulaceae least in the peripheral and trimerous flowers pentacyclic in Eriocaulacea flowerse and are trimerous common pentacyclic in one of theflowers two are largest common genera in oneof the of family, the twoEriocaulon largest[ 9genera,13]. Therefore, of the family, trimerous Eriocaulon flowers of[9,13]. Eriocaulaceae Therefore, are trimerous nearly unique flowers among of Eriocaulaceaemonocots with respectare nearly to their unique orientation among monocots pattern. with respect to their orientation pattern. Figure 1. Flower diagrams. (A) Typical trimerous pentacyclic monocot flower with subtending bract Figure 1. Flower diagrams. (A) Typical trimerous pentacyclic monocot flower with subtending bract and no floral prophylls. (B) Reverse orientation of trimerous pentacyclic flowers. (A,B) are generalized and no floral prophylls. (B) Reverse orientation of trimerous pentacyclic flowers. (A) and (B) are diagrams. (C) Flower diagram of Eriocaulon species studied here highlighting the fusion between sepals generalized diagrams. (C) Flower diagram of Eriocaulon species studied here highlighting the fusion and pronouncedly transversal position of lateral sepals. Relative arrangement of all organs is the same between sepals and pronouncedly transversal position of lateral sepals. Relative arrangement of all in flowers of both sexes. This diagram can be used as a legend to abbreviations adopted in all subsequent organs is the same in flowers of both sexes. This diagram can be used as a legend to abbreviations figures. Closed circles indicate inflorescence axis, black arcs represent the flower-subtending bract, adopted in all subsequent figures. Closed circles indicate inflorescence axis, black arcs represent the open arcs are perianth members, open ellipses are stamens, central triangle represents the gynoecium. flower-subtending bract, open arcs are perianth members, open ellipses are stamens, central triangle The gynoecium is sterile in functionally male flowers and the stamens are sterile (staminodia) in represents the gynoecium. The gynoecium is sterile in functionally male flowers and the stamens are functionally female flowers. fsb, flower-subtending bract; lc, lateral carpels; lis, lateral inner whorl sterile (staminodia) in functionally female flowers. fsb, flower-subtending bract; lc, lateral carpels; lis, stamens; los, lateral outer whorl stamens; lp, lateral petals; lse, lateral sepals; mc, median carpel; mis, lateral inner whorl stamens; los, lateral outer whorl stamens; lp, lateral petals; lse, lateral sepals; mc, median inner whorl stamen; mos, median outer whorl stamen; mp, median petal; mse, median sepal. median carpel; mis, median inner whorl stamen; mos, median outer whorl stamen; mp, median petal;Eriocaulaceae mse, median are sepal. well-known for their characteristic insect-pollinated compact racemose (partial) inflorescences. Surrounded by sterile involucral bracts, they resemble capitula of Asteraceae and some otherEriocaulaceae specialized eudicots are well-known [11,14–16]. Similarfor their compact characteristic inflorescences insect-pollinated are found in anothercompact family racemose of the (partial)order Poales, inflorescences. Xyridaceae, Surrounded which may by (or sterile may involucral not) be sister bracts, to Eriocaulaceae they resemble [17 capitula–19], but of orientationAsteraceae andof trimerous some other flowers specialized follows eudicots the typical [11,14–16]. monocot Si patternmilar compact in Xyridaceae inflorescences [11,20]. are Although found in being another tiny familyand uniformly of the order colored, Poales, the perianthXyridaceae, of Eriocaulaceae which may (or is believed may not) to be disisterfferentiated to Eriocaulaceae into a calyx [17–19], and a butcorolla. orientation This feature of trimerous is shared flowers by Eriocaulaceae, follows the Xyridaceae typical monocot and another pattern potentially in Xyridaceae related [11,20]. family, AlthoughMayacaceae being [19,21 tiny,22], butand in uniformly contrast with colored, the two the other perianth families, of members Eriocaulacea of Eriocaulaceae,e is believed with to very be differentiatedfew scattered reversals,into a calyx possess and functionallya corolla. This unisexual feature flowersis shared [13 by,23 ,Eriocaulaceae,24]. Xyridaceae and anotherThe potentially unusual nature related of family, orientation Mayacaceae of trimerous [19,21 pentacyclic,22], but in flowerscontrast in with Eriocaulaceae the two other highlights families, a membersneed of more of Eriocaulaceae, detailed comparative with very and few developmental scattered reversals, studies possess with attentionfunctionally to variation unisexual of flowers flower [13,23,24].groundplan in the family. The most obvious aspects of floral diversity in Eriocaulaceae are the reductionThe unusual of the outer nature whorl of orientation of the androecium of trimerous (its pentacyclic rudiments flowers can be oftenin Eriocaulaceae traced in male highlights flowers) a needin Paepalanthoideae, of more detailed occurrence comparative of dimeryand developmenta rather thanl trimery studies inwith some attention taxa, patterns to variation of corolla of flower tube groundplanformation and in petalthe family. to stamen The fusion most [obvious9,11,13,25 aspect–28].s In of the floral present diversity study, in we Eriocaulaceae explore the reported are the phenomenonreduction of the of outer the absence whorl of the the androecium inner perianth (its whorlrudiments (corolla) can be in femaleoften traced flowers in male of some flowers) species in Paepalanthoideae,of Eriocaulon, e.g., [occurrence9,29]. Complete of dimery loss of rather only onethan perianth trimery whorlin some is ataxa, rare patterns condition of incorolla monocots, tube formationexcept some
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toronto Master Gardeners Ask Plant Id Questions
    TORONTO MASTER GARDENERS ASK PLANT ID QUESTIONS Image Question Answer Growing in ditches beside a gravel road It is challenging to identify a plant from a single leaf, and I consulted our team in Township of Perry 25 minutes north of Master Gardeners, several of whom feel that the plant is likely some sort of Huntsville. Cant find it in any of our of dock. Consider the following: reference books. Leaves are emerging from ground singly and veins are deep ñ Rumex sanguineus var.sanguineus (red-veined or bloody red. dock). See the Missouri Botanical Garden monograph ñ Rumex obtusifolius (broadleaved dock/ bitter dock). See Illinois Wildflowers – Bitter Dock ñ Rumex aquaticus (Scottish dock). See Nature Gate’s Scottish Dock Another suggestion was this might be pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana). See Ohio State University’s Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed May 2019 Guide – Common PokeweedClick on the above links and you'll see photos that show that these plants have leaves that resemble those of your mystery plant, in many respects. However, with docks and the common pokeweed, leaves generally emerge from the same clump, not singly. As well, these plants have lance-shaped leaves, which seem to differ quite a bit from the oblong-shaped leaf of shown in the photo you submitted.Finally, it is possible that the plant is related to dock, but is a sorrel (Rumex acetosa) - some sorrels have leaves that are shaped more like the leaf in your photo. For example, see Nature Gate's Common sorrel My neighbour gave me this plant, that I Your neighbour gave you a Bergenia cordifolia, commonly called Bergenia or planted las year.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 24: "Graminoid" Monocots IB 168, Spring 2006
    Lecture 24: "Graminoid" monocots IB 168, Spring 2006 Graminoid monocots: A clade in Poales of usually wind-pollinated taxa, sister to Bromeliaceae and without showy flowers. Three families of graminoid monocots have a worldwide distribution and are prominent members of north temperate and boreal regions of the world: (1) Cyperaceae (sedges, tules, papyrus, and relatives), (2) Juncaceae (rushes and wood-rushes), and, especially, (3) Poaceae (grasses). All three families share conspicuous attributes (and appear superficially similar): Narrow, elongate leaves (parallel venation) with sheath (basal) and blade Perianth reduced or absent (not showy) Nectaries lacking (wind-pollinated) In Cyperaceae and Poaceae, seeds are only 1 per ovary (Ovaries superior, with 1--3 locules, 2--3 stigmas) (Stamens 3 or 6) Family attributes: (1) Poaceae (grasses), also called Gramineae (conserved name) - Highly diverse (ca. 10,000 species in 600--650 genera), but not quite as many species as Compositae/Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, or Rubiaceae - Worldwide distribution (except Antarctica) - Ecologically of critical importance in African savannas and veldt, Asian steppes, South American paramo/puna and pampas, and North American plains/prairie - Economically the most important plant family because it includes the grain or cereal crops [rice (Oryza), wheat (Triticum), corn or maize (Zea), rye (Secale), barley (Hordeum), oats (Avena), sorghum (Sorghum), millet (Panicum)] and sugar cane (Saccharum) -- all but corn/maize from Old World - Also economically critical because of importance for livestock fodder, soil conservation, wildlife habitat, and turf (intercalary growth allows for grazing or mowing without killing the plant), in addition to building materials (bamboos) Fossil record of grasses goes back ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin / New York State Museum
    Juncaceae (Rush Family) of New York State Steven E. Clemants New York Natural Heritage Program LIBRARY JUL 2 3 1990 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Contributions to a Flora of New York State VII Richard S. Mitchell, Editor Bulletin No. 475 New York State Museum The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12230 NEW YORK THE STATE OF LEARNING Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/bulletinnewyorks4751 newy Juncaceae (Rush Family) of New York State Steven E. Clemants New York Natural Heritage Program Contributions to a Flora of New York State VII Richard S. Mitchell, Editor 1990 Bulletin No. 475 New York State Museum The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12230 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of The University Martin C. Barell, Chancellor, B.A., I. A., LL.B Muttontown R. Carlos Carballada, Vice Chancellor , B.S Rochester Willard A. Genrich, LL.B Buffalo Emlyn 1. Griffith, A. B., J.D Rome Jorge L. Batista, B. A., J.D Bronx Laura Bradley Chodos, B.A., M.A Vischer Ferry Louise P. Matteoni, B.A., M.A., Ph.D Bayside J. Edward Meyer, B.A., LL.B Chappaqua Floyd S. Linton, A.B., M.A., M.P.A Miller Place Mimi Levin Lieber, B.A., M.A Manhattan Shirley C. Brown, B.A., M.A., Ph.D Albany Norma Gluck, B.A., M.S.W Manhattan James W.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on the Restoration of Herbaceous Vegetation in Some Areas in Bacǎu End Harghita County
    Studii şi Cercetări Martie 2020 Biologie 29/1 14-19 Universitatea”Vasile Alecsandri” din Bacău OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESTORATION OF HERBACEOUS VEGETATION IN SOME AREAS IN BACǍU END HARGHITA COUNTY Milian Gurău Key words: natural ecological reconstruction, Calthetum laetae- Ligularietum sibiricae N. Ştefan 2007, Botriochloetum ischaemi (Krist 1937) I. Pop 1977, Thymo panonici-Chrysopogonetum grylii Doniţă et all 1992 INTRODUCTION the association Calthetum laetae - Ligularietum sibiricae Ştefan 2007. Since 1990, the social situation in Romania The Trotuş River has its source upstream has changed in all fields, nature it self has not Făgetul de Sus village (Harghita County); the first escaped some of this influence, often negative stream, a tributary on the right side, located near the aspects have been reported, although the areas of village of Lunca de Sus, has a swampy area protected nature have increased. After 1-2 decades completely surrounded by spruce. Here there was from the decrease or even disappearance of identified an area with numerous specimens of anthropogenic influences on insignificant areas of Ligularia sibiricaand other rare plants. It is an easily low-quality agricultural land, there was an accessible area, surrounded by forest and pasture, but unexpected return of plant formations, which are not which has never been destroyed by the locals’ cattle. identical to those of the primary vegetation, but It currently benefits from the existence of a small which have many elements in common. These electric fence. natural experiments have transformed agricultural Regarding research history in these places, we lands without economic yield into transitional can mention that two more such areas were cited, one meadows which, after 2-3 decades, also came to nearby, in Făgeţel (Ghergheli şi Raţiu, 1974; Palfalvi include extensive scrubland regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • VESSELS in ERIOCAULACEAE By
    IAWA Journ al, Vol. 17 (2), 1996: 183-204 VESSELS IN ERIOCAULACEAE by Jennifer A. Thorsch & Vernon I. Cheadle I Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93 106, U.S.A. SUMMARY The occ urrence and level of specialization of vesse ls in 70 species representing 12 genera of Eriocaulaceae are presented. In alI species of Eriocaulaceae and in alI parts of the plant examined, vessels with simple perforations have been identified . Correlations between level of specia­ lization of vessel members and ecological conditi ons are reported for species from diverse habitats and species with distinct differences in habit. The pattern of origin and specialization of tracheary celIs in Erio­ caulaceae was compared to tracheary data for Xyridaceae , Rapateaceae, Restionaceae and Centrolepidaceae. The evolutionary position of these families has been regarded as close to Eriocaulaceae. Key words: Eriocaulaceae, vessels, perforation plates, phylogenetic posi­ tion. INTRODUCTION This paper provides detailed information about perforation plates of vessels in Erio­ caulaceae, the 29th family we have similarly examined in monocotyledons. The near­ ly complete list of families analyzed in detail is given in the literature cited in the paper on Commelinales (Cheadle & Kosakai 1980). Our studies on the tracheary elements in monocotyledons have included families and species from a broad range of habits, habitats and geographical sites around the world. Families for study were selected based on three criteria: I) presence of alI plant parts, 2) variety of habits and habitats, and 3) broad representation of the species within the family. The data on tracheids and vessels from these broadly based studies led to the folIowing brief conclusions.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants
    ISSN 0818 - 335X July, 2005 ASSOCIATION OF SOCIETIES FOR GROWING AUSTRALIAN PLANTS ABN 56 654 053 676 THE AUSTRALIAN DAISY STUDY GROUP NEWSLETTER NO. 72 Leader's letter and coming events 20 Tribute to Alf Salkin Joy Greig Fond memories of Alf Salkin Bill Owen Segregation of three brachyscomes Joy Greig A new plant on Heard Island Jenny Scott Olearia astroloba at Ocean Grove Margaret Guenzel Olearia rugosa study Joy Greig Garden visits Pat Webb Report from Myrrhee Barbara Buchanan More about gavinone Maureen Schaumann, Natalie Peate and Judy Barker Daisies of the sub-antarctic islands of Margery Stutchbury New Zealand A note on Cassinia arcuata Beryl Birch Snippets Propagation pages -Jeanette Closs, Margaret Guenzel, Maureen Schaumann, Judy Barker Members' reports - Syl and Syd Oats, Bruce and Thelma Wallace, Irene Cullen, Coral Hughes, Christina Leiblich and Beryl Birch Show and tell May meeting Joy Greig Editor's note Judy Barker Olearia teretifolia (illustrated by Betty Campbell) New members, seed donors, seed bank additions and deletions OFFICE BEARERS: Leader and ADSG Herbarium Curator -Joy Greig, PO Box 258, Mallacoota, 3892. TelIFax: (03) 5158 0669 (or Unit 1, la Buchanan St, Boronia, 3155.) Email [email protected] Treasurer - John Webb, 99 Fiddlers Green, 57 Gloucester Ave, Berwick, 3806. Tel: (03) 9769 5 Provenance Seed Co-ordinator - Maureen Schaumann, 88 Albany Drive, Mulgrave, 3170. Tel: (03) 9547 3670 Garden and Commercial Seed Co-ordinator and Interim Newsletter Editor: -Judy Barker, 9 Widford St, East Hawthorn, 3123. Tel: (03) 9813 2916 Fax: (03) 981 3 1195 WEB PAGE http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAPldaisy.html Leader's Letter It is very pleasing to report that a large and enthusiastic group attended the May Meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-Mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1964 Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gonzalez-mas, Arturo, "Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico." (1964). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 912. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/912 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—8802 microfilmed exactly as received GONZALEZ—MAS, Arturo, 1923- CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1964 B o ta n y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO A Dissertation I' Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by Arturo Gonzalez-Mas B.S., University of Puerto Rico, 1945 M.S., North Carolina State College, 1952 January, 1964 PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Small and unreadable print on some maps. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Clair A. Brown for his interest, guidance, and encouragement during the course of this investigation and for his helpful criticism in the preparation of the manuscript and illustrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Flora of East Texas Illustrated Flora of East Texas
    ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: DAVID GIBSON AND WILL CRENSHAW DISCOVERY FUND U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE FOUNDATION (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, USDA FOREST SERVICE) TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT SCOTT AND STUART GENTLING BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) TEMPLE-INLAND FOUNDATION SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON PEG & BEN KEITH DORA & GORDON SYLVESTER DAVID & SUE NIVENS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY OF TEXAS DAVID & MARGARET BAMBERGER GORDON MAY & KAREN WILLIAMSON JACOB & TERESE HERSHEY FOUNDATION INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE II OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK HOLLEMAN, W.B. PETRUS, ELAINE J. BATTERBAE, SUSAN ROBERTS HOLT, JEAN & DUNCAN PRITCHETT, MARY H. BECK, NELL HUBER, MARY MAUD PRICE, DIANE BECKELMAN, SARA HUDSON, JIM & YONIE PRUESS, WARREN W. BENDER, LYNNE HULTMARK, GORDON & SARAH ROACH, ELIZABETH M. & ALLEN BIBB, NATHAN & BETTIE HUSTON, MELIA ROEBUCK, RICK & VICKI BOSWORTH, TONY JACOBS, BONNIE & LOUIS ROGNLIE, GLORIA & ERIC BOTTONE, LAURA BURKS JAMES, ROI & DEANNA ROUSH, LUCY BROWN, LARRY E. JEFFORDS, RUSSELL M. ROWE, BRIAN BRUSER, III, MR. & MRS. HENRY JOHN, SUE & PHIL ROZELL, JIMMY BURT, HELEN W. JONES, MARY LOU SANDLIN, MIKE CAMPBELL, KATHERINE & CHARLES KAHLE, GAIL SANDLIN, MR. & MRS. WILLIAM CARR, WILLIAM R. KARGES, JOANN SATTERWHITE, BEN CLARY, KAREN KEITH, ELIZABETH & ERIC SCHOENFELD, CARL COCHRAN, JOYCE LANEY, ELEANOR W. SCHULTZE, BETTY DAHLBERG, WALTER G. LAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES E. SCHULZE, PETER & HELEN DALLAS CHAPTER-NPSOT LECHE, BEVERLY SENNHAUSER, KELLY S. DAMEWOOD, LOGAN & ELEANOR LEWIS, PATRICIA SERLING, STEVEN DAMUTH, STEVEN LIGGIO, JOE SHANNON, LEILA HOUSEMAN DAVIS, ELLEN D.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolepis Tenella, a New Combination in Cyperaceae
    Isolepis tenella, a New Combination in Cyperaceae A. Muthama Muasya East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; and Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany & Microbiology, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [email protected] David A. Simpson Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom. [email protected] Erik Smets Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany & Microbiology, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [email protected] ABSTRACT . Since the publication of a monograph on Also, typical Cyperus-like spikelets are observed in Isolepis (Cyperaceae) in 2002, further data on the Ficinia, but the latter genus is diagnosed by the genus have been collected, necessitating additional presence of a hypogynous disk. nomenclatural change. Isolepis is a predominantly A phylogenetic study of Cyperus s.l. (Muasya et al., southern hemisphere genus with high species di- 2002), utilizing plastid (rbcL, rps16 intron, trnL intron, versity in South Africa and Australia. A new and trnL-F intergenic spacer) sequence data resolved combination is made here: Isolepis tenella (L.f.) Cyperus tenellus L.f. embedded within the Isolepis– Muasya & D. A. Simpson, transferring an aberrant Ficinia clade and sister to Isolepis cernua (Vahl) annual previously named Cyperus tenellus. Roemer & Schultes. This position has been confirmed Key words: Cyperaceae, Cyperus tenellus, Isolepis by an expanded analysis of Cyperaceae incorporating tenella. rbcL sequence data (Simpson et al., in press). We are convinced that this taxon belongs to Isolepis and make Recent systematic studies in the genus Isolepis R.
    [Show full text]
  • Carex of New England
    Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley A Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club About the Author: Lisa A. Standley is an environmental consultant. She obtained a B.S, and M.S. from Cornell University and Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She has published several articles on the systematics of Carex, particularly Section Phacocystis, and was the author of several section treatments in the Flora of North America. Cover Illustrations: Pictured are Carex pensylvanica and Carex intumescens. Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club Copyright © 2011 Lisa A. Standley Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to Robert Reed, who first urged me to write a user-friendly guide to Carex; to the memory of Melinda F. Denton, my mentor and inspiration; and to Tony Reznicek, for always sharing his expertise. I would like to thank all of the people who helped with this book in so many ways, particularly Karen Searcy and Robert Bertin for their careful editing; Paul Somers, Bruce Sorrie, Alice Schori, Pam Weatherbee, and others who helped search for sedges; Arthur Gilman, Melissa Dow Cullina, and Patricia Swain, who carefully read early drafts of the book; and to Emily Wood, Karen Searcy, and Ray Angelo, who provided access to the herbaria at Harvard University, the University of Massachusetts, and the New England Botanical Club. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Ana M. Giulietti,1,7,8 Maria José G. Andrade,1,4 Vera L
    Rodriguésia 63(1): 001-019. 2012 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br Molecular phylogeny, morphology and their implications for the taxonomy of Eriocaulaceae Filogenia molecular, morfologia e suas implicações para a taxonomia de Eriocaulaceae Ana M. Giulietti,1,7,8 Maria José G. Andrade,1,4 Vera L. Scatena,2 Marcelo Trovó,6 Alessandra I. Coan,2 Paulo T. Sano,3 Francisco A.R. Santos,1 Ricardo L.B. Borges,1,5 & Cássio van den Berg1 Abstract The pantropical family Eriocaulaceae includes ten genera and c. 1,400 species, with diversity concentrated in the New World. The last complete revision of the family was published more than 100 years ago, and until recently the generic and infrageneric relationships were poorly resolved. However, a multi-disciplinary approach over the last 30 years, using morphological and anatomical characters, has been supplemented with additional data from palynology, chemistry, embryology, population genetics, cytology and, more recently, molecular phylogenetic studies. This led to a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships within the family. In this paper we present new data for the ITS and trnL-F regions, analysed separately and in combination, using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The data confirm previous results, and show that many characters traditionally used for differentiating and circumscribing the genera within the family are homoplasious. A new generic key with characters from various sources and reflecting the current taxonomic changes is presented. Key words: anatomy, ITS, phylogenetics, pollen, trnL-trnF. Resumo Eriocaulaceae é uma família pantropical com dez gêneros e cerca de 1.400 espécies, com centro de diversidade no Novo Mundo, especialmente no Brasil.
    [Show full text]