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Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18606 Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy ISBN Robert E. Litan, Andrew W. Wyckoff, and Kaye Husbands Fealing, Editors; 978-0-309-29744-8 Panel on Developing Science, Technology, and Innovation Indicators for the Future; Committee on National Statistics; Division of Behavioral and 274 pages Social Sciences and Education; Board on Science, Technology, and 8.5 x 11 PAPERBACK (2014) Economic Policy; Policy and Global Affairs; National Research Council Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation IMPROVING INDICATORS TO INFORM POLICY Panel on Developing Science, Technology, and Innovation Indicators for the Future Robert E. Litan, Andrew W. Wyckoff, and Kaye Husbands Fealing, Editors Committee on National Statistics Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education and Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Division of Policy and Global Affairs Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. The project that is the subject of this report was supported by grant number SES-0453930 between the National Science Foundation and the National Academy of Sciences. Support for the Commit- tee on National Statistics is provided by a consortium of federal agencies through a grant from the National Science Foundation (grant number SES-1024012). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-29744-8 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-29744-3 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover credit: Image of U.S. Capitol from Architect of the Capitol. All other images from iStock cover images. Cover designed by Jacqui Sovde of the National Research Council. Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2014). Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Panel on Developing Science, Technology, and Innovation Indicators for the Future, R.E. Litan, A.W. Wyckoff, and K.H. Fealing, Editors. Com- mittee on National Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, Division of Policy and Global Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy PANEL ON DEVELOPING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION INDICATORS FOR THE FUTURE ROBERT E. LITAN (Cochair), Bloomberg Government, Washington, DC ANDREW W. WYCKOFF (Cochair), OECD, Paris, France CARTER BLOCH, Danish Center for Studies in Research and Research Policy, University of Aarhus, Denmark NICHOLAS R. CHRISMAN, Geospatial Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia CARL J. DAHLMAN, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC GEOFF M. DAVIS, Quantitative Insights Group, Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA KATHARINE G. FRASE, Industries Research, IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY BARBARA M. FRAUMENI, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine RICHARD B. FREEMAN, Department of Economics, Harvard University FREDERICK D. GAULT, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre on Innovation and Technology, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands DAVID GOLDSTON, Government Affairs, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC MICHAEL MANDEL, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania JOHN E. ROLPH, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California LELAND WILKINSON, Data Visualization, Skytree, Inc., San Jose, CA KAYE HUSBANDS FEALING, Study Director ESHA SINHA, Associate Program Officer ANTHONY S. MANN, Program Coordinator v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL STATISTICS 2013-2014 LAWRENCE D. BROWN (Chair), Department of Statistics, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania JOHN M. ABOWD, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University MARY ELLEN BOCK, Department of Statistics, Purdue University DAVID CARD, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley ALICIA CARRIQUIRY, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University MICHAEL E. CHERNEW, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School CONSTANTINE GATSONIS, Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University JAMES S. HOUSE, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan MICHAEL HOUT, Department of Sociology, New York University SALLIE ANN KELLER, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University LISA LYNCH, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University COLM A. O’MUIRCHEARTAIGH, Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago RUTH D. PETERSON, Department of Sociology (emerita)
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