AAAS Annual Report 2008

Science and Technology from a Global Perspective

The World is f lat The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific society and publisher of the journals, Science (www.sciencemag.org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org). Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) will be published beginning in the fall 2009. AAAS was founded in 1848, and serves 262 affiliated societies and academies of science, reaching 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer-reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The nonprofit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS. Table of Contents

2 Welcome Letter 4 Public Statements on Key Issues 6 AAAS Worldwide 8 Science Careers and Education 10 Science Policy and Society 12 Science, Technology, and Security 14 Science Breakthroughs 16 Media and Public Engagement 18 AAAS Awards and Prizes 20 2008 Golden Fund Update 22 AAAS Fellows 24 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members 34 Financial Summary 35 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information Welcome from the AAAS Chair, David Baltimore, and the CEO, Alan I. Leshner

In a global economy, the world is indeed increasingly symposium planned by AAAS under the auspices of the Asia- “flat,” as journalist Thomas L. Friedman has said. The energy Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, was hosted by Vietnam crisis, insufficient resources, AIDS, and many other grand chal- and co-sponsored by the governments of China, New Zealand, lenges now clearly trump concerns based solely on political and the United States. boundaries, underscoring the interdependence of all people. The desire to improve science education for all children AAAS in 2008 helped to open new doors to international re- is another goal that connects societies around the world. search cooperation — an essential step toward combating the Upholding the Association’s commitment to helping today’s most pressing problems of our age. Through interactions with students become tomorrow’s problem-solvers, Education and world leaders from Africa to Europe, and from Latin America to Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom ventured to Egypt Asia, the Association is actively exploring science and technol- to address the North Africa and Middle East Science Centers ogy from a global perspective, and working to help stimulate Network. In addition, at the invitation of the United Nations economic growth by advancing science. Commission on Science and Technology for Development, When Rwandan President Paul Kagame addressed the Malcom spoke in Geneva about broadening science opportu- 174th AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston, for example, he nities for women. described the optimism of a poor country that has pledged Project 2061, the AAAS science-education reform initia- to invest 5% of its gross domestic product in science and tive, reached across borders to promote science literacy more technology by 2012. Similarly, Patrick Cunningham, Chief Sci- broadly, resulting in the first-ever Japanese translation of ence Advisor to the Irish Government, noted his government’s the landmark publication, Science for All Americans. Another commitment to “doubling the science establishment between respected Project 2061 resource, the Atlas of Science Literacy, 2006 and 2013,” during a meeting with incoming AAAS made its debut in Chinese. (Read more on page 8.) Science President James J. McCarthy. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Careers continued to help match qualified scientists with jobs also expressed hope for significantly increasing investment in in industry, academia, and government, too, while also orga- basic research when he met with Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce nizing professional-development events with an increasingly Alberts. international list of partners. As Wen noted, science and technology can indeed serve as AAAS meanwhile formed productive new ties with an array “the wellspring and driving force” of innovation, and pillars of of innovators from other regions — for instance, by launching a new prosperity. Worldwide, our shared goal to enhance hu- the new AAAS-Hitachi Lecture on Science and Society. AAAS man quality-of-life by leveraging scientific discovery suggests also worked to raise awareness for science in the United a path toward more trusting, productive communication with States during historic presidential campaigns. After teaming other countries. By launching the new AAAS Center for Science up with the Science Debate 2008 coalition to call for a science Diplomacy — supported by the Golden Family Foundation debate among presidential candidates, AAAS and the Associa- and the Richard Lounsbery Foundation — AAAS is promoting tion of American Universities launched a special Web site, sup- scientific collaborations related to climate change, energy, ported by the Lounsbery Foundation, to provide voters with sustainability, innovation, human health, capacity-building, objective, side-by-side comparisons of candidates’ views on and a wide range of other global concerns. (See page 6.) science and technology. Through public forums for key cam- As one example of those efforts in 2008, a new agreement paign representatives, ongoing analysis of federal research- between AAAS and Vietnam’s National Institute for Science funding trends, the 35-year-old Science and Technology Policy and Technology Policy and Strategy Studies outlined joint Fellowships program, and dozens of Capitol Hill briefings, plans for advancing “science, technology, and innovation AAAS helped to promote the role of science in society. (See policies and studies.” An initial project under the agreement, a page 10 for further details.)

2 Also in 2008, the Association continued to raise awareness of science-based issues through media appearances and op-ed articles, and by supporting science journalists worldwide. During a television appearance on “The Late Show with David Letterman,” for example, Past AAAS President John P. Holdren — now Assistant to the U.S. President for Science and Technology — emphasized the urgency of global climate change. In multiple op-ed placements, AAAS urged policy-makers to resist efforts to undermine the teaching of evolution while also calling on U.S. voters to demand a national science debate among presidential candidates, as outlined on pages 4-5. Creative problem-solving is at the heart of both scientific discovery and entrepreneur- ship. Scientists and engineers can play a vital role in addressing humanity’s most critical challenges: improving access to nutritious food and clean water, new strategies for fighting diseases, and sustainable development. Building a new prosperity and a more peaceful world will require fundamental new insights. Through its premier international journal, Science, as well as an array of high-impact programmatic initiatives, AAAS is continuing to advance science to improve human welfare worldwide.

David Baltimore Alan I. Leshner AAAS Chair (2008-2009) AAAS CEO and Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology Executive Publisher, California Institute of Technology Science 08 3 Public Statements on Key Issues

Official statements, briefings, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE opinion essays, and television >> 17 April. John P. Holdren, past AAAS President and current Assistant to appearances in 2008 allowed the U.S. President for Science and Technology, appeared on “The Late AAAS to once again raise Show with David Letterman” to talk about global climate change. awareness for “hot-button” science EVOLUTION IN THE NEWS and technology issues at the >> 7 January. “Teaching Evolution and intersection of science and society. Creationism,” broadcast segment, “The Diane Rehm Show, American The Association also stepped up University Radio (WAMU), featuring AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, Executive efforts to better leverage online Publisher of Science. and multimedia communications by >> 7 April. “Free Florida’s Students from Lagging Behind,” op-ed, Orlando establishing a special channel on Sentinel, by the AAAS CEO. If today’s students become confused about YouTube, by participating in social the nature of science versus religion, he wrote, they may have a hard time networking Web sites, and more. competing for jobs later. The CEO also handled multiple interviews with Florida radio reporters regarding an attempt to insert a single religious viewpoint into science classrooms. >> 18 April. AAAS released a statement decrying the “profound dishonesty and lack of civility” demonstrated by the anti-evolution movie, “Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed.” A video response also was posted to the AAAS YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/ wwwAAASorg. >> 6 May. “Anti-science Law Threatens Tech Jobs of Future,” letter to the edi- tors, Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana). The AAAS CEO argued against legislation that would allow the supernatural concept of “intel- ligent design” to be presented along- side the scientific theory of evolution within science curriculum.

4 >> 14 May. The AAAS CEO wrote to Okla- >> 31 March. AAAS Education and >> 17 June. Critical Upgrade: Enhanced homa Governor Brad Henry, opposing Human Resources Director Shirley Capacity for White House Science the Religious Viewpoints Antidiscrimi- Malcom testified before the Congres- and Technology Policymaking. This nation Act. By inserting religion into sional Nanotechnology Caucus, not- Woodrow Wilson Center report, science classes, Leshner noted, the ing that nanotech proponents need providing advice to the next U.S. bill “could have serious negative con- to engage the public, and listen to President, reflected input from the sequences for science education.” and address any concerns. Science and Policy Programs Director >> 28 May. “Academic Freedom Bill a >> 14 April. AAAS sent a letter to U.S. as well as Chief International Officer Dangerous Distraction,” letter to the Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nevada) Vaughan Turekian. editors, Shreveport Times (Louisi- and members of the U.S. Senate, urg- >> 3 September. “Why won’t the Can- ana). The AAAS CEO once again cau- ing passage of the Genetic Informa- didates Debate Science?” op-ed, tioned against confusing science with tion Nondiscrimination Act. Denver Post online, by the AAAS CEO, religion in K-12 science classrooms. >> 15 July. AAAS and five other scientific with Carl E. Wieman, winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics and direc- >> 10 June. Letter to Jim Tucker, Speaker organizations wrote to the chair of tor of science education initiatives of the Louisiana House of Repre- the National Science Advisory Board at the University of Colorado and the sentatives, by the AAAS CEO, urging for Biosecurity, requesting clarity on University of British Columbia. opposition to Senate Bill 733, which the types of research with potential would open the door to religious or for misuse, and urging broader out- >> 21 September. “Where Do Obama unscientific discussions as part of reach by the board and federal agen- and McCain Stand on Science?” science instruction. cies prior to setting up any oversight op-ed, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, by system. the AAAS Board Chair, with the CEO. >> 20 June. Letter to Louisiana Governor >> 30 October. AAAS joined 180 orga- Bobby Jindal, by the AAAS CEO, re- SCIENCE AND THE U.S. nizations in writing to presidential questing the veto of Senate Bill 733. PRESIDENCY candidates John McCain and Barack The AAAS CEO and Al Teich, Director In 2008, AAAS launched a special Obama, urging the next president to of Science and Policy Programs at Science and Technology in the 2008 appoint a cabinet-rank White House AAAS, also took part in a Louisiana Presidential Election Web site, with the science advisor by Inauguration Day, “radio tour” on this topic, handling Association of American Universities 20 January. multiple broadcast interviews. and the Richard Lounsbery Founda- >> 5 November. “AAAS Congratulates >> 22 October. “Board’s Actions Could tion, to provide objective, side-by-side President-elect Obama.” AAAS state- Put Students at a Disadvantage,” comparisons of U.S. presidential candi- ment (print and YouTube). op-ed, Houston Chronicle. Bring- dates’ views on science-related issues. >> 22 December. “AAAS Applauds New ing nonscientific ideas into biology AAAS also teamed up with Science Science Appointees John Holdren, classes “will confuse young students Debate 2008 to call for more public dis- Jane Lubchenco, Harold Varmus, and and teach them to distrust well-es- course by the candidates about science. Eric Lander,” AAAS statement. tablished scientific facts,” the AAAS >> 17 March. “Among Science-Debate CEO wrote. Questions Put to Candidates,” op-ed, SCIENCE EDUCATION Philadelphia Inquirer, by the AAAS SCIENCE AND SOCIETY ISSUES >> 7 April. “Charlie Rose: The Imperative CEO. and Promise of Science,” featuring >> 6 February. In response to an attack >> 17 April. “We Need a Science White Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts by animal rights extremists who left House,” op-ed, Wall Street Journal, by and past AAAS President Shirley Ann an incendiary device at a researcher’s AAAS Board Chair David Baltimore, Jackson. View the video: www.charli- home, AAAS reaffirmed a 29 Novem- with fellow Nobel laureate Ahmed erose.com/view/interview/9027. ber 2007 statement by its Board of Zewail of the California Institute of Directors, denouncing such tactics. Technology.

5 AAAS WORLDWIDE

Facilitating the integration of a Center for Science Diplomacy Debuts A post-Iraq war Zogby International survey of people in global science enterprise is a six Arab nations revealed overwhelming hostility surrounding primary objective of the AAAS U.S. policies in the Middle East. Yet, many of those same respondents reported a highly favorable view of U.S. science International Office, which in and technology. “One of the tools we have to repair our image is building on the common ground of science and the culture 2008 expanded ties with key of innovation,” U.S. Rep. Russ Carnahan (D-Missouri) noted in November during a AAAS meeting of top science leaders, counterparts and stakeholders diplomats, legislators, and educators. Amid increasing financial and geopolitical tensions, AAAS launched a new around the world. The office Center for Science Diplomacy to establish constructive communication with leaders in North Korea, Cuba, Syria, also catalyzes AAAS-wide efforts and other regions. With support from the Golden Family to increase global science and Foundation and the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, AAAS Center Director Vaughan Turekian and Senior Advisor Norman education capacity as well as Neureiter are working to strengthen civil society relationships between nations. The center’s launch capped intensive efforts international research cooperation. by AAAS to build relationships with leaders in Vietnam, China, the Middle East, Rwanda, and other regions based on mutual interests such as science education, economic progress, the energy crisis, global climate change, and sustainable development. Turekian sees science diplomacy as an especially important way to build understanding and trust with nations where governmental relations are strained. “At the heart, this is a matter of respect,” he said. “It’s a very powerful tool in diplomacy.” See http://diplomacy.aaas.org. Building Bridges with Vietnam As an early example of high-impact work by the new AAAS Center for Science Diplomacy, AAAS and Vietnam’s National Institute for Science and Technology Policy and Strategy Studies signed an agreement outlining joint plans for advancing “science, technology, and innovation policies and studies.” Working toward that goal, International Cooperation Director Tom Wang teamed up with AAAS Research Competitiveness Program Director Edward Derrick to help coordinate a symposium under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. That event in Hanoi — hosted by Vietnam and co-sponsored by the governments of China, New Zealand, and the United States — brought together the leaders of some of the world’s most powerful economies. With Vietnam in the midst of an aggressive effort to develop a robust science and technology infrastructure, AAAS also welcomed a visit by the Vice

6 Minister of Vietnam’s Ministry of Science and Technology, Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, traced Tran Quoc Thang. Earlier, AAAS hosted a delegation from the predicament in stark terms, noting that “nature is now on the National Assembly of Vietnam. The country “has a the move in response to climate change” as global warming population the size of Germany, so it’s not a small player,” prompts both plant and animal species to change their historic Wang said. “Given its rate of growth, and how dynamic their ranges. But he said there are steps, including restoration of economy is, it’s good to see that they are prioritizing science degraded grazing lands and devastated forests, that would and education.” allow the planet to absorb more atmospheric carbon dioxide while providing lasting environmental benefit. Science Editor Meets the Chinese Premier Lovejoy’s lecture was the first in a series at AAAS, “Imagine if a U.S. president met for two hours with a sponsored by Hitachi, Ltd. AAAS CEO Alan Leshner noted Chinese scientist,” Science Editor-in-Chief Bruce Alberts said, Hitachi’s history of science and technology development as describing his visit with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. “It was well as its sense of environmental responsibility. He said extraordinary.” Alberts, in Beijing to deliver lectures at the there is a “wonderful intersection between their interest in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Tsinghua University, business, science, and society,” and AAAS’s similar interests. joined Science Asia News Editor Richard Stone for the rare Kazuo Furukawa, the President and Chief Executive Officer personal meeting with the Chinese Premier and Chen Zhu, of Hitachi, said he hopes the lectures “will contribute in China’s Minister of Health. During that conversation, published some small way to public understanding of the excitement of 17 October in Science, Wen expressed hope for increasing science and technology” and encourage younger people to Chinese investment in basic research, reducing energy pursue science-related careers. consumption by 4% annually as economic gains continue, improving food safety, and leveraging science to help the poor. AAAS Welcomes Global Perspectives China’s Ministry of Science and Technology has reported that Boosting innovation in the United Kingdom will require 5% of the nation’s total investment in science is being spent increasing the nation’s science budget while tapping multiple on basic research. By comparison, the U.S. National Science sources of innovation — from consumers and researchers, to Foundation has reported that 17.5% of the United States’ total private businesses, according to the Rt. Hon. John Denham, investment in science was spent on basic research in 2007. Britain’s Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities, and Coincidentally, the visit between Wen and Alberts took Skills. Denham, whose AAAS lecture was co-organized with place on the 30th anniversary of the first delegation of AAAS the British Embassy, reported that about a fifth of his country’s to China, as well as the first anniversary of the opening science budget will be allocated over the next three years of Science’s Beijing bureau. At the same time, past AAAS to grand challenges facing the planet: energy, environment, President Peter Raven of the Missouri Botanical Garden was lifelong health, and global security. Denham was one of many in China to deliver the first-ever AAAS-Chinese Academy of international science and technology leaders to share his Sciences Distinguished Lectureship on Sustainability. Staff insights at AAAS Headquarters in 2008. Another high-level with the EurekAlert! Chinese Web site at AAAS (http://chinese. visitor, the Hon. Kim Carr, Minister for Innovation, Industry, eurekalert.org) were in Beijing, too, to host what was believed Science, and Research, described Australia’s ambitious to be the first China-based press briefing related to a Science program to revitalize scientific infrastructure. Additional paper. perspectives were provided by Argentina’s Lino Barañao, Minister of Science, Technology, and Productive Innovation; AAAS-Hitachi Lecture Series John Beddington, Chief Scientific Advisor to the British While societies face a daunting challenge trying to reverse Government; Lars Leijonborg, Minister for Higher Education the impact of human-induced climate change, the living and Research in Sweden; and others. The 2008 AAAS Annual planet itself offers one means for a rescue plan, according Meeting featured European Commissioner Janez Potoˇcnik and to a prominent ecologist who delivered the inaugural AAAS- Rwandan President Paul Kagame (see page 16). Hitachi Lecture on Science and Society. Thomas E. Lovejoy, President of the Washington, D.C.-based H. John Heinz III

7 SCIENCE CAREERS AND EDUCATION

Science-literacy resources in Science Literacy, in Any Language When asked whether the universe began with a huge Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish; explosion, more than 60% of all Americans incorrectly describe this how-to workshops in Europe and statement as false, the National Science Foundation has reported. Promoting innovation by improving science literacy has become an the United States; and support for increasingly urgent goal. The premier AAAS science-literacy effort, Project 2061, helps K-12 teachers guide students in understanding African educators were a few of the how science ideas relate to each other, and how learning one idea can contribute to understanding others. In kindergarten, for Association’s many contributions instance, gravity can be introduced by discussing the ideas of “push and pull.” By high school, students must understand that to science careers and education the magnitude of the force between two objects is proportional to their masses and diminishes with distance. Two volumes of the in 2008. AAAS works to strengthen respected Project 2061 publication, the Atlas of Science Literacy, and diversify the science and allow teachers to map students’ progress from concept to concept, at each grade level. technology workforce — from Through five workshops in 2008, Project 2061 continued to introduce science educators to new strategies for standards- kindergarten to professional based learning. Representatives from the Council of State Science Supervisors met at AAAS Headquarters, too. The China settings — through its Education Association of Science and Technology meanwhile helped make the Atlas available to Chinese-speaking science educators. Another and Human Resources program publication, Science for All Americans — already available in Chinese and Spanish — made its debut in Japanese, courtesy of as well as the science-literacy that country’s Ministry of Education. See www.project2061.org. initiative, Project 2061, and the Reaching out to Rwanda Science Careers Web site. Following a trip to Rwanda, high-level AAAS officials pledged to provide science education resources to help the Central African nation pursue an ambitious education and development plan. The AAAS delegation — including Education and Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom, Chief International Officer Vaughan Turekian, and staffers Tom Wang and Sarah Banas — agreed to provide curriculum-development help, such as workshops on the Atlas of Science Literacy and other resources from Project 2061, the association’s science-literacy initiative. “This partnership makes me feel hopeful and optimistic,” Malcom said. “We have an opportunity to support capacity-building in a context where top-level leaders have a commitment to education, and an understanding of the economic and development stakes for their country.” Rwandan Minister of Education Daphrose Gahakwa welcomed the support. AAAS officials also met with Science Minister Romain Murenzi; Théoneste Mutsindashyaka, the State Minister for Primary and Secondary Education; James Kimonyo, Rwanda’s ambassador to the United States; top university administrators; the Kigali Institute

8 of Science and Technology; the Kigali Institute of Education; Historically Black Colleges and Universities the National University of Rwanda; the National Curriculum Nearly half of all undergraduate physics degrees and Development Center; and staff from the U.S. Embassy in Kigali, almost 40% of all chemistry degrees awarded to African including Chargé d’Affaires Cheryl Sim and Economic Counselor Americans in 2004 came from historically black colleges Alex Sokoloff. (For more on Rwandan President Paul Kagame’s and universities (HBCUs). Every year, Morehouse College address at the AAAS Meeting, see page 16.) alone graduates more African American students with Science Careers Goes Global undergraduate science degrees than some countries. Such institutions contribute disproportionately as the Scientists and engineers hoping to land competitive jobs in baccalaureate-origin institutions in many fields that are crucial academia, industry, and government need all the support they to U.S. competitiveness and national security. At the National can find. Through Science Careers, the association provides Science Foundation’s 2008 HBCU Undergraduate Program comprehensive, freely accessible online resources for job Research Conference, organized by AAAS, some 800 students applicants, grant seekers, and recruiting employers. High- and educators took part in poster presentations, workshops, quality news reports on the Science Careers site offer insights plenary presentations, and more. See http://ehrweb.aaas. to job markets worldwide — from Singapore’s ambitious plans org/HBCU. for science, to massive reforms within the French scientific system. Science Careers podcasts and videos reveal the Threats to Higher-Education Diversity first-hand stories of scientists working in rainforest ecology, Recent U.S. court decisions limiting efforts to recruit quantitative analysis, synthetic biology, and other fields. underrepresented minority students pose a profound The site also includes MySciNet—the Minority Scientists challenge for colleges, universities, and science-related Network—designed to promote information-sharing among industries, educators and business leaders said at a AAAS- individuals and underrepresented communities of scientists co-sponsored forum. Still, speakers said, many effective and engineers. programs are in place, and others could be developed to In 2008, Science Careers staff conducted a series of career meet the legal standard of strict scrutiny while also helping to fairs and professional development workshops in collaboration diversify student bodies. Some 35 invited experts, comprising with organizations such as Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, the the academic, nonprofit, and business communities, gathered U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the American Society for to discuss diversity within U.S. higher-education institutions, Cell Biology. In October, for example, Science Careers teamed as part of a roundtable organized by AAAS and NACME, the up with Rockville Economic Development, Inc. to organize a National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering. The how-to session on navigating career fairs. Publications from event was organized, with support from the Alfred P. Sloan Science Careers, such as a Career Basics booklet, provide Foundation. additional support for early-career scientists and engineers. Log onto www.sciencecareers.org. Media Fellows Make Their Mark Excellence in Undergraduate Education Selected from an applicant pool of 130 talented science and engineering students, 14 exceptional AAAS Mass Media Some 500 stakeholders at the 2008 Course, Curriculum, Fellows were transformed in 2008 into cub reporters for and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) conference, organized by National Public Radio, the Los Angeles Times, and other AAAS, evaluated creative approaches for transforming teaching news organizations. The Fellows program, marking its 34th and learning at campuses nationwide. The CCLI program, anniversary in 2008, dispatches graduate- and post-graduate established in 1999 by the U.S. National Science Foundation level students to newsrooms for a 10-week internship. Support Division of Undergraduate Education, distributes institutional is provided by affiliated science societies and foundations grants to promote effective teaching practices. “Forming such as the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Log onto www.aaas. innovative STEM curricula frequently requires faculty members org/programs/education/MassMedia. to think outside the box as well as collaborate with colleagues within other disciplines,” explained Yolanda George, Deputy Director of AAAS Education and Human Resources.

9 SCIENCE POLICY AND SOCIETY

Providing objective, authoritative Science and the U.S. Presidential Election Amid hard-fought campaigns for the U.S. Presidency, AAAS information and expertise to science-policy experts painstakingly compiled non-partisan, help guide science policy is a key side-by-side comparisons of the various candidates’ views on science and technology issues. A special Web site, developed in goal for AAAS. The Association’s partnership with the Association of American Universities and supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, allowed voters Science and Policy Programs staff to evaluate each candidate’s S&T plan for addressing energy and environment issues, improving science education, and boosting worked in 2008 to raise the quality U.S. competitiveness. AAAS also organized an Annual Meeting session, moderated by New York Times columnist Claudia Dreifus, and volume of public discourse where candidates’ representatives held forth on the energy crisis, federal research funding, and more. In September, campaign about science and technology as advisors took part in a health-care debate at yet another AAAS U.S. voters evaluated presidential event, co-sponsored with the Scientists and Engineers for America. AAAS meanwhile teamed up with the Science Debate 2008 candidates. The group also helped coalition, urging candidates to take part in a national debate on science and technology. “Let’s demand more answers,” AAAS to initiate productive dialogue with wrote in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, in one of several opinion essays on the U.S. presidency. “At its core, after all, science is science leaders in other regions of an economic matter that cuts across party lines.” See http:// election2008.aaas.org. the world, and leveraged science in 35 Years of Policy Fellows support of human rights. The most diverse and largest-ever class of AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellows included a biochemist who has worked to isolate anti-tumor agents, a gifted high-school physics teacher, and a neuroscientist who happens to be the granddaughter of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Kiki Jenkins, one of 165 fellows named in 2008, joined four other S&T Policy Fellows in organizing a career- building workshop on diversity in science and engineering. The event drew participants from government, academia, nonprofits, and industry, including speaker Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-Texas). Since the program’s inception in 1973, S&T Policy Fellows have helped to tackle pressing world problems ranging from world hunger and disaster preparedness, to food safety, biological threats, and the energy crisis. A total of 2,146 Fellows have so far completed year-long placements in the halls of Congress and in the offices of 20 executive branch agencies and departments. Alumni of the program, headed by Cynthia Robinson, now include U.S. Rep. Rush Holt (D-New Jersey), who has described the AAAS initiative as “one of the most important programs in the United States of America.” Similarly, Jay M. Cohen, Undersecretary for Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, said the

10 Fellows “are extremely important” to his department. “They Porter, Chair of the Research!America health advocacy group, are our future,” he said at a 35th anniversary event. “It is a urged scientists and engineers to make their voices heard great program.” in the White House. The 33-year-old Forum, regarded as the Scientists Working for Human Rights premier event of its kind in the United States, provides a timely annual “snapshot” of American science policy. The 2008 Forum Satellite images captured before and after the 7-8 August attracted more than 500 policy-makers, researchers, reporters, 2009 clash between Georgia, South Ossetian separatists, and and others. Details are online at www.aaas.org/forum. Russia revealed that 424 civilian structures in 24 villages near the city of Tskhinvali were damaged by 19 August, although Personalized Medicine – Promises and Challenges they appeared intact in images taken on 10 August and earlier, Decoding the human genome has raised the possibility reported Lars Bromley of the AAAS Science and Human that researchers can tailor diagnostic tests and treatments Rights Program. “Imagery analysis on South Ossetia revealed to a person’s individual genetic profile. Such “personalized discrepancies between official accounts and what actually medicine” has been touted as the next revolution in health transpired as the satellites were overhead,” said Bromley. care, but progress has been limited, and further advances will Ariela Blatter of Amnesty International USA, which requested require policy changes, expert Mark B. McClellan said during the analysis, noted that the AAAS research “highlights a 20 June AAAS conference, co-organized with the Food and the need for the international community to undertake an Drug Law Institute. “It is a very challenging environment,” said independent investigation of abuses during the conflict, with McClellan, former Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug the complete support of all parties involved.” Bromley and Administration and Director of the Engelberg Center for Health colleagues previously had assessed destruction in Zimbabwe, Care Reform at the Brookings Institution. “The potential payoff Darfur, Burma, and elsewhere. is tremendous.” The conference, encompassing such thorny Exploring other applications of technology, the AAAS issues as patient privacy and reimbursement reform, was the Science and Human Rights Program, directed by Mona Younis, first in a planned series related to personalized medicine. See co-hosted a May 2008 International Summit for Community www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl. Wireless Networks, along with the New America Foundation, the CUWiN Foundation, and the Acorn Active Media Supporting Competitiveness Worldwide Foundation. The program also launched “On-call Scientists,” When leaders of the King Abdulaziz City for Science connecting scientists and engineers interested in volunteering and Technology wanted to improve the region’s research their skills with human rights organizations in need of competitiveness, they called on Edward G. Derrick, Director expertise. Log onto http://shr.aaas.org. of the respected AAAS Research Competitiveness Program. A Forum for Optimism Established in 1996, the program helps researchers, universities, research institutions, and state government “We — all of us — must make the case, day in and day agencies sharpen their competitive edge. Launched out, why all science, research, technology, and innovation with a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation’s must be among the nation’s highest priorities again,” John Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Edward Porter, former Republican Congressman from Illinois, as a way to help states receiving minimal federal support, said during the 2008 AAAS Forum on Science and Technology the program is now an international service. In 2008, Derrick Policy. Porter’s speech reflected a prevalent view: Attendees and colleagues provided support for groups in 11 states as and speakers alike reported being frustrated by political well as the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. inertia related to U.S. policies on innovation, climate change, They also helped to arrange for review of proposals to the stem cell research, energy, and more. Yet, with a presidential Environment Protection Agency’s P3 (people, prosperity, and election looming, participants also expressed high hopes for the planet) program. An event in Vietnam on “Connecting confronting what speaker James Canton of the Institute for Research and Innovation” (referenced on page 6) further Global Futures described as an “extreme future,” with 95% extended the program’s global reach. See www.aaas.org/rcp. of the world’s 8 billion people living in developing nations.

11 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SECURITY

Providing non-partisan, Science and Society: Global Challenges authoritative information on Up to 30% of malaria deaths in Africa are related to war, local violence, or other societal crises, according to the World Health nuclear nonproliferation, dual-use Organization. Combating the disease therefore will require leveraging technology-based as well as geopolitical strategies, technologies, and other global- speakers said during a discussion moderated by Joe Palca of National Public Radio. The conversation, including Ripley Ballou of security issues, the AAAS Center for the Gates Foundation and Steven Phillips of ExxonMobil, was part of a “Global Challenges” series, organized by AAAS, the Georgetown Science, Technology, and Security University Program on Science in the Public Interest, and the Policy released several influential Smithsonian’s Lemelson Center for the Study of Innovation. Ballou, the foundation’s deputy director of infectious disease, said that reports and organized nearly eliminating malaria will require improving vaccines, vector control, implementation of existing tools (drugs, insecticides, bednets), two-dozen events in 2008. Center diagnostics, and advocacy. But, malaria outbreaks are directly tied to economic and social instability, too, speakers added. Director Norman Neureiter, winner Another Global Challenges session focused on the search for of the prestigious Public Welfare abundant, affordable, secure, and environmentally friendly energy sources — a primary concern for all nations. Daniel A. Reifsnyder, Medal, also traveled to China, Iran, a U.S. State Department negotiator on international environmental issues, said that the universal yearning for energy solutions may and other regions in support of bode well for finding a solution, although it may take generations. Transportation challenges and the spread of weapons of mass science diplomacy goals. The Center destruction also were discussed during the salon series. is supported by the John D. and Hopeful Bonds with Iran Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. During his long career, Norman Neureiter has worked to help ease profound and ominous political tensions between the United Log onto www.aaas.org/cstsp. States, China, and the Soviet Union. Originally a research chemist who became the first U.S. science attaché in Eastern Europe in the early 1960s, Neureiter helped craft scientific elements of historic agreements with the Soviet Union while working for President Richard Nixon’s Office of Science and Technology. He further advanced science diplomacy goals while working as the science and technology advisor for U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright as well as her successor, Colin Powell. Today, Neureiter is working through two AAAS initiatives — the Center for Science, Technology, and Security Policy as well as the Center for Science Diplomacy — to contribute toward building better relations between the United States and Iran. Through visits abroad, and by hosting Iranian scientific delegations, Neureiter pursues a mission of science diplomacy, often in tandem with other U.S. science interests such as the National Academies. Recent trips to Iran have provided him with vivid proof that the two countries’ science communities share a reservoir of common interest and goodwill.

12 Neureiter also visited China in 2008 to help celebrate the Guidance for Responsible Dual-Use Research 50th anniversary of the Shanghai Association of Science and Scientists doing dual-use research — beneficial work that Technology. AAAS first sent a delegation to China some 30 may be misapplied for malicious purposes in the wrong hands years ago. More recently, the association agreed to collaborate — need more tools to help them understand the scientific, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China ethical, and legal issues surrounding their work, according to a Association for Science and Technology. AAAS-sponsored workshop report. The report, drawing on the U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Arms Control expertise of life scientists, bioethicists, biosecurity specialists, and others who attended a 21 November workshop at AAAS, The United States must re-establish its global leadership recommends more funding for education programs targeted in nuclear arms control while continuing to update its nuclear at American and foreign scientists working in the United arsenal as needed — but it should not add any new nuclear States on dual-use research. It also urges the use of real-life capabilities in the process. This was the conclusion of a joint stimulations, case studies, small group discussions, and working group of scientists and policy experts who prepared a mentorship programs to teach scientists about their obligation study meant to inform decision-making by the administration to prevent legitimate research on viruses and other organisms of U.S. President Barack Obama. A collaborative effort of from being used to engineer bioweapons. The report asks the the AAAS, the American Physical Society, and the Center for National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity to develop Strategic and International Studies, the study offers options a list of resources and take other steps to offer scientists that would allow the United States to refurbish its nuclear guidance on how to appropriately deal with dual-use stockpile without pursuing totally new, untested weapon situations. designs. “Truly pressing nuclear issues that will demand presidential attention are few in number,” according to the Policy, Press, and Public Events report, Nuclear Weapons in 21st Century U.S. National Security. From a Capitol Hill briefing on the dismantlement of Korea’s But, critical issues include preventing the spread of nuclear nuclear program, to a press luncheon on U.S. space policy, and weapons to countries such as North Korea and Iran; securing a public screening of “White Light, Black Rain,” a documentary and reducing global inventories of nuclear materials to on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, AAAS organized prevent them from falling into terrorists’ hands; and reversing at least 23 events in 2008 through its Center for Science, Russia’s apparent increasing reliance on nuclear weapons. Technology, and Security Policy. At one event, for example, The study proposes revisiting the Strategic Arms Reduction Victor Reis, a senior advisor to the U.S. Secretary of Energy, Treaty, as part of a new dialogue with Russia; U.S. ratification said that a well-designed nuclear energy framework could of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; and closure of drive global growth by bringing affordable, reliable energy to a dangerous loophole in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. the developing world. Such a framework would in turn help Also in 2008, nuclear forensics, scientific strategies for to address climate change through clean energy production, determining the origin of smuggled nuclear materials or the thereby promoting international security by security nuclear source of an attack, was the focus of a AAAS Annual Meeting materials worldwide, he said. Speakers at a public briefing session and a report, Nuclear Forensics: Role, State of the Art, hosted by the Stimson Center explained that modern laws and Program Needs. requiring quarantine, isolation, and other “social distancing” responses to disease outbreaks or bioterrorism can vary dramatically from country to country. These and other 2008 events for reporters, policy-makers, and the general public allowed AAAS to speed the delivery of balanced technical analysis to Congress, Executive Branch agencies, and the public.

13 SCIENCE BREAKTHROUGHS

Research Highlights 1 1. Science’s Breakthrough of the Year: Science has wrapped up another Cellular Reprogramming: In its annual list of the year’s top 10 scientific break- year of publishing research that throughs, Science gave top honors to research that produced “made-to-order” illuminates our world and improves cell lines by reprogramming cells from ill human welfare. Ground-breaking patients. (19 December) 2. Exoplanets – Seeing is Believing: studies on cancer and stem cell Scientists reported the first-ever im- ages of multiple planets orbiting a star therapies, for example, contributed outside our solar system, which they 2 detected with the Keck and Gemini tele- to the swelling effort to link science scopes. Using the Hubble Space Tele- from “bench to bedside,” while scope, a second team directly observed a planet orbiting the star Fomalhaut. discoveries about planets both (Marois, Kalas, 13 November, Science Express) inside and outside our solar system 3. Catch Shares for Fishermen May 3 Save the Fish: Guaranteeing individual captured the public’s imagination fishermen the right to harvest a given about worlds beyond Earth. See amount of fish during the fishing season could halve the chances of a fishery www.sciencemag.org. collapsing, new evidence suggested. (Costello, 19 September) 7 4. Genomic Insights Into Deadly In 2008, Science highlights included Cancers: Two studies described the these and other breakthroughs: genomic alterations that help turn normal cells into two of the deadliest cancers: pancreatic cancer and glio- blastoma multiforme, which is the most 9 common type of brain cancer. (Parsons, Jones, 4 September, Science Express) 5. A Step Toward Hydrogen Fuel: A new, 8 water-splitting catalyst works under en- vironmentally friendly conditions and is made from cobalt and phosphorus, two relatively inexpensive and abundant ele- ments. (Nocera, 31 July, Science Express) 6. MESSENGER’S First Mercury Flyby: A special series of reports on the MES- SENGER spacecraft’s recent swing past Mercury produced important new insights into Mercury’s history and modern-day environment. (Solomon, 4 July)

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7. Linking Serotonin to Sudden Death: Too much activity from a brain receptor that regulates the hormone serotonin can cause sporadic death in developing mice with features reminiscent of Sud- den Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), new results suggested. (Audero, 4 July) Other Science Developments Publishing Honor 8. Escaping the Heat: Forest plant spe- Folio Magazine named preflight opera- cies along six mountain ranges in west Science Signaling Debuts tions Director David Tompkins to its list Europe sought to escape the heat by Science expanded its online journal, of the top 40 most influential people. climbing an average of 29 meters in al- Science Signaling, which focuses on titude each decade, scientists reported. new insights for combating disease as Communications Award (Lenoir, 27 June) well as understanding normal human Deputy News Editor Leslie Roberts and biology, to include original research and Contributing Correspondent Martin 9. Flu Viruses Take One-Way Ticket out more. Science Signaling’s inaugural Enserink won the American Society of of Asia: Seasonal influenza strains con- print edition debuted in September, Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008 stantly evolve in overlapping epidemics under the direction of Chief Scientific Communications Award for malaria in Asia and sweep the rest of the world Editor Michael B. Yaffe of the Massachu- reporting. (26 October and 7 December each year, dying out in South America, setts Institute of Technology. See www. 2007) an international research team found. sciencesignaling.org. (Russell, 18 April) Science Careers Science Translational Medicine 10. Harnessing People Power: A new, Science Careers, the Web’s most Announced knee-mounted device harvested energy comprehensive site for science career Science also announced the upcoming from the end of a walker’s step, in the information, released Career Basics, launch of a new journal, Science Transla- same way that hybrid-electric cars a free, new booklet that compiles the tional Medicine. Beginning in fall 2009, recycle power from braking. best advice and resources for early- Science Translational Medicine will pub- (Donelan, 8 February) career scientists, from the thousands lish research that makes significant ad- of articles on the Web site. See www. Science News Highlights vances toward improving patient care. sciencecareers.org/careerbasicspdf. Elias Zerhouni, Senior Fellow at the Bill Two 2008 News articles were selected & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Global for the Best of Science Writing antholo- Health Program and former Director of gies in 2009: the National Institutes of Health, will —Contributing correspondent Martin be Chief Scientific Advisor. See www. Enserink looked at the travails of de- sciencetranslationalmedicine.org. veloping and testing “golden,” vitamin Top Honors for Science Staff A-enriched rice. (25 April) The Society of National Association Pub- —Fallout from atomic bomb testing is lications bestowed two of its prestigious helping to solve crimes and address EXCEL awards on two Science covers, some of the most controversial ques- one for the 21 December 2007 Break- tions in biology, news writer David through of the Year issue and the other Grimm reported. (12 September) for the 3 August 2007 special issue on immunology.

15 MEDIA AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

The AAAS Center for Public World’s Largest General Science Meeting Engagement with Science and AIDS is the top cause of death in Africa and the seventh largest cause of death worldwide, and places like Eastern Europe, Technology in 2008 helped to raise Vietnam, and China are the latest hotspots in the epidemic, said Peter Piot, Executive Director, UNAIDS, and under-secretary general awareness for endangered species, of the United Nations. Successes like the rise in antiretroviral climate change, the importance medicines delivered to people in the developing world mean “we are entering a new phase of responsibility because we are seeing of teaching evolution, obesity results,” he said during a “Global Health Sessions” panel at the 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting. He was joined by Jim Yong Kim, and its disproportionate impact Director of the Francois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and on families with fewer resources, Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, and Timothy Wirth, president of the United Nations Foundation and Better World Fund. and other issues at the crossroads The plenary panel exemplified the conference mandate, set forth by AAAS Board Chair David Baltimore (2008-2009), to of science, society, and personal provide a forum for international perspectives on key science values. Through events, resources and technology issues. Toward that end, attendees also learned that 96% of Rwanda’s primary-school-age children receive a for journalists worldwide, and free education. Moreover, by the year 2012, Rwanda President Paul Kagame said, his government hopes to invest 5% of its professional development for gross domestic product on its science and technology capacity, scientists and engineers, two surpassing similar spending by the United States. A special town hall event for middle-school teachers emphasized the global AAAS units — the Office of Public aspects of the childhood obesity epidemic.

Programs, and Education and Abelson Seminar: Science, Stress, and Health Human Resources — worked to Emerging scientific insights are now suggesting new tools for fighting the negative health effects of stress, according to Robert communicate science broadly. Sapolsky and other experts at the 2008 Philip Hauge Abelson Advancing Science Seminar. Sapolsky, the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University, explained that short-term stress triggers beneficial physiological responses in animals and people. But when stress continues for extended periods, it can contribute to stress-related disorders, including insulin resistance, increased fat deposition, hypertension, elevated platelet viscosity, and changes in the brain’s learning and memory center. Seminar speakers described research that may someday lead to breakthroughs such as new therapies for alcoholism, neurodegenerative disorders, and anxiety; and strategies for improving the effectiveness of vaccine regimens; and for more effectively helping traumatized children and veterans. The event honors the late Philip Abelson, who served as editor of Science for 22 years, then as AAAS senior advisor. Watch video at www.aaas.org/go/abelson.

16 New Tools for Communicating Science was believed to be the first China-based press conference related to a Science paper. Research by Kongming Wu, Yanhui Nearly 400 scientists and engineers have so far Lu, and Hongqiang Feng of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural participated in how-to workshops on communicating science Sciences suggested that genetically engineered cotton had to the public and to reporters. Launched at the 2008 Annual reduced cotton-bollworm populations and also seemed to Meeting, a half-dozen sessions — from North Carolina to benefit other crops, reporters learned. The Beijing press briefing Oregon — plus two Webinars have been conducted as part coincided with a meeting between the Science Editor-in-Chief of the “AAAS Communicating Science: Tools for Scientists and the Chinese Premier, plus other major events in China. and Engineers” initiative. The program, supported by AAAS (See page 7.) Go to http://chinese.eurekalert.org. and the U.S. National Science Foundation, also provides basic online resources such as journalist essays and sample Field Notes – AAAS Divisions responses to hot-topic questions regarding climate change, The annual AAAS Caribbean Division meeting in 2008 stem cells, and evolution. Workshops help guide attendees in brought graduate and K-12 students “face-to-face with real developing clear, concise messages about science for public scientists and exposed them to what researchers and their audiences. Participants are encouraged to practice their on- work looks like,” said Biochemistry Professor Margarita camera interview skills, and they receive practical tips from Irizarry-Ramírez of the University of Puerto Rico. “These researchers, journalists, and public outreach professionals. experiences often get students excited about science and Managed by Tiffany Lohwater, public engagement manager for broaden their vision of what a scientist does, perhaps AAAS, the initiative is helping to bridge the communications encouraging them to study math and science in college.” gap between scientists and the public. See www.aaas.org/ Another regional AAAS meeting, convened by the Pacific communicatingscience. Division, probed threats to Hawaii’s endangered birds, snails, EurekaTube! Makes Its Debut turtles, fish, and plants. At the Arctic Division meeting in Fairbanks, 170 scientists and engineers evaluated the latest Video clips on EurekaTube! — a new feature of EurekAlert!, research findings and observations on global climate change. the premier AAAS science-news Web site for reporters — “It is a reality that we have to deal with now,” said speaker range from an animation of jet and wind about a micro-quasar, Virgil “Buck” Sharpton of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, to graceful, slow-motion footage of a bat landing upside down Alaska, a member of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission. on a ceiling. EurekAlert! now serves approximately 6,700 “The Arctic is key to the nation’s economy, policy, and strategic reporters working in 75 countries, and because 50% of those strength. Few in the Lower 48 have an appreciation of this journalists are working outside the United States: “It’s now fact.” In Albuquerque, the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain a full-fledged, global science communications resource,” Division’s 2008 annual meeting explored how regional Director Patrick McGinness said. EurekAlert! promotes public scientific collaboration can help address global issues. Online engagement with science and technology, too, by drawing www.aaas.org/go/divisions. nearly 1 million unique public visitors per month. Some 1,100 leading research and medical organizations subscribe to post eligible breaking news releases. News can then be 2008 Annual Meeting news from Boston is freely browsed in advance of embargo-release times, via a online at http://news.aaas.org/2008 password-protected portal, by credentialed reporters. The keyword-searchable EurekAlert! Multimedia Gallery was expanded in 2008 to include short audio and video clips. Log onto www.eurekalert.org/multimedia.

First Science Press Briefing in China Catherine Matacic, Associate Editor for EurekAlert! Chinese, the Chinese-language version of the AAAS science-news service for reporters, traveled to Beijing in 2008 to coordinate what

17 AAAS Awards and Prizes The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers, and journalists. We congratulate each of our distinguished winners.

Richard A. Meserve Drummond Rennie AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Award AAAS Award for Scientific The coveted Philip Hauge Abelson Award Freedom and Responsibility honors a public servant for exceptional The award honors scientists and engi- contributions to advancing science or a neers whose exemplary actions, some- scientist or engineer for a distinguished times taken at significant personal cost, career of scientific achievement and have served to foster scientific freedom service to the community. and responsibility. Richard A. Meserve was selected on the basis of his exem- Drummond Rennie was selected for his career-long efforts plary career in advancing and promoting the use of science in to promote integrity in scientific research and publishing. the service of the public interest and for his exceptional contri- butions to the scientific community, to policy-makers, and to Sylvia T. Bozeman the general public, both in the United States and abroad. AAAS Mentor Award The award honors early- or mid-career Kenneth R. Miller AAAS members who have mentored and AAAS Award for Public guided significant numbers of students Understanding of Science from underrepresented groups or who and Technology have changed the climate of a depart- The award recognizes working scientists and ment, college, or institution to significantly engineers who make outstanding contribu- increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing tions to the “popularization of science.” doctoral studies in the sciences. Kenneth R. Miller was honored for his sustained efforts and Sylvia T. Bozeman was chosen for her commitment to excellence in communicating evolutionary science. increasing the number of African-American women with Ph.D. degrees in mathematics. Thomas R. Pickering AAAS Award for International Percy A. Pierre Scientific Cooperation AAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement The award recognizes extraordinary contri- butions to furthering international coopera- The award honors AAAS members who tion in science and engineering. for 25 years or more have mentored and Thomas R. Pickering was chosen for guided significant numbers of students his commitment to advancing the application of science and from underrepresented groups or who technology for diplomacy. have changed the climate of a department, college, or institu- tion to significantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences. Percy A. Pierre was honored for his extraordinary dedi- cation to increasing the number of African-American and Hispanic-American Ph.D. degrees in engineering.

18 AAAS Science Journalism Awards The Science Journalism Awards recognize outstanding reporting for a general audience and honor individual reporters for their coverage of the sciences, engineering, and mathematics. The independently judged competition was sponsored in 2008 by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.

Large Newspapers - Terry McDermott, Los Angeles Times Small Newspapers - Kara Platoni, East Bay Express Magazine - John Carey, BusinessWeek Television - Joseph McMaster, Gary Johnstone, WGBH/NOVA and Vulcan Productions Radio - Daniel Grossman, WBUR Boston Online - Stefan Lovgren, National Geographic News Children’s Science News - Yoon Shin-Young, Children's Science Donga

AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize Supported by Affymetrix, Inc. The prize acknowledges an outstanding paper published in the Articles, Research Articles, or Reports sections of Science. Anoop Kumar, James W. Godwin, Phillip B. Gates, A. Acely Garza-Garcia, and Jeremy P. Brockes were honored for the research article, “Molecular Basis for the Nerve Dependence of Limb Regeneration in an Adult Vertebrate,” published in Science 2 November 2007, pp. 772-777.

AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books These prizes, sponsored by Subaru of America Inc., celebrate outstanding science writing and illustration for children and young adults.

Children’s Science Picture Book Steve Jenkins, Author, Robin Page, Illustrator Sisters & Brothers: Sibling Relationships in the Animal World (Houghton Mifflin) Middle Grades Science Book Lynne Cherry and Gary Braasch, Authors How We Know What We Know About Our Changing Climate: Scientists and Kids Explore Global Warming (Dawn) Young Adult Science Book Sandra Aamodt and Sam Wang, Authors Welcome to Your Brain: Why You Lose Your Car Keys But Never Forget How to Drive and Other Puzzles of Everyday Life (Bloomsbury) Hands-on Science/Activity Book Kim McKay and Jenny Bonnin, Authors True Green Kids: 100 Things You Can Do to Save the Planet (National Geographic Society)

19 2008 AAAS Golden Fund update A generous, historic gift from the late William T. Golden, AAAS’s treasurer emeritus, stimulates programmatic innovation by funding activities not normally supported by the general budget. AAAS has continued to celebrate Mr. Golden’s extraordinary legacy, following his death in October 2007, through initiatives made possible by the William T. Golden Endowment Fund for Program Innovation. The following summaries offer highlights of the Association’s 2008 Golden Fund activities.

1. AAAS Meeting Newsroom Goes Multimedia 3. Using Multimedia to Enrich Online Research The AAAS Office of Public Programs launched a new Content initiative to provide remote access to reporters unable to A new Golden Fund project for the Science Web sites attend the 2009 Annual Meeting. With support from the explores online video’s potential to enhance the accessibility Golden Fund, AAAS staff members were able to record of the complex techniques that underlie groundbreaking new all news briefings, and they posted audio to the Virtual research. Under the project, Science and Science Signaling Newsroom on the EurekAlert! Web site. Additionally, an editors are selecting certain papers that have a strong lab- outside contractor, in collaboration with AAAS staff, produced methods component. Then, working with the papers’ authors, advance podcasts featuring six news briefing speakers. During Science and a third-party partner are creating step-by-step the meeting, the contractor produced five additional short videos depicting the laboratory procedures and methods video interviews for posting to the Virtual Newsroom as well relevant to the article and the research in question. The as EurekaTube! Reporters on-site at the meeting also were resulting videos will be embedded directly into the online able to improve story accuracy by checking multimedia files. version of the articles alongside the written description of the methods. Even the best-written methods or protocols section 2. Student Communicators and Science Podcasts of a traditional paper can be difficult to follow or reproduce Building on next-generation “ Web 2.0” strategies — for exactly. By showing, as well as telling, how the work was which online users create content — one new Golden Fund accomplished, Science hopes that these videos will improve project will engage students in learning by discovering how the transparency, accessibility, and reproducibility of research to tell stories about science. Specifically, students will report findings. on Science Express papers for the Science Magazine Podcast. The student reports will be created after research papers 4. Senior Scientists and Engineers Promote Learning are first published online and before the papers appear in The AAAS Senior Scientists and Engineers (SSE) and the print magazine. Students will be learning about science Education and Human Resources (EHR) programs will through a newly created course — scheduled to be piloted at re-design and expand the Web site — www.seniorscientist. George Washington University in fall 2009 — and also about org — to become a resource for others seeking to set up audio reporting through a Web portal adapted from the world or enhance a volunteer project. In this way, SSE and AAAS of public radio. AAAS Mass Media Science and Engineering are working to help mobilize retired science, technology, Fellows will work with the students to craft audio reports engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals in 4 via the Web portal, with top edits and podcast publishing the United States to assist K-12 decisions made by the online editors at Science. teachers and others. The Web site will be a “toolkit” of resources that builds on the work of EHR, the SSE, and other volunteer programs around the United States. The site will support the creation, sustenance, evaluation, and networking of these partnerships and provide a template for new 2 networks that are created.

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6. Training for Scientists at State and Local Levels The AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Congress (CSTC), the Center for Public Engagement with Science and Technology, and the Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion (DoSER) held a one-day workshop in Tulsa, Oklahoma, that brought together representatives from various U.S. state science academies, state citizens for science groups, and state science teacher associations. AAAS staff and invited speakers, including Eugenie Scott of the National Center for Science Education, provided more than 30 scientist and science educator attendees with tools to enhance their communication and political engagement on the state and 5. Supporting Rwanda’s Education Plan local level. The workshop used recent and pending local and In the nearly 15 years since genocide devastated their state science education legislation, including bills that seek nation, Rwanda’s leadership has been actively working to to hamper the teaching of evolution, as prominent examples. build for the future. As he outlined in his invited address at A video of the workshop will be packaged into a new resource the 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston, Rwandan President that will be available on AAAS’s Web site and promoted to Paul Kagame has committed his country to a development attendees, as well as others who expressed interest in the plan that places science and technology as its highest priority, content but were unable to attend. and human resource development as its critical centerpiece. As part of AAAS’s continuing relationship with Rwanda, the International Office, Education and Human Resources program, and Project 2061 were funded to assemble a delegation of experts to assist in training key elements of Rwanda’s science and education leadership. In 2009, six experts will travel to Rwanda to meet with counterparts and provide training in areas including education policy, science communication, curriculum instruction, and assessment development. This delegation will develop critical links to experts in Rwanda to facilitate ongoing collaboration for years to come.

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21 AAAS Fellows AAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made significant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies, and the communication of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section affiliation, were elected Fellows in fall 2008. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their service to science and technology.

Agriculture, Food, and Chris Kochanek James W. Hicks Rodney Rothstein Phillip Crews Renewable Resources Karen Kwitter James M. Hill Joan Ruderman Mattanjah S. de Vries Harry Y. McSween Alan G. Hinnebusch Immo Erich Scheffler Gautam R. Desiraju Carol R. Buell William K. Holloman John C. Schimenti Michael Dupuis Thomas J. Burr Atmospheric and Anita K. Hopper John F. Sheridan William J. Evans S. K. De Datta Hydrospheric Sciences Yue-ie C. Hsing Neil H. Shubin William Fenical James J. Elser Michael A. Celia Feng Sheng Hu Howard A. Shuman Graham R. Fleming Louise P. Fortmann L. Ruby Leung Peter Jackson Barry D. Shur Maria Jianying (Jay) Gan Alan Robock Kenneth A. Jacobson Robert H. Silverman Flytzani-Stephanopoulos Nancy B. Grimm John Walsh Theodore S. Jardetzky Daniel Simberloff Cynthia M. Friend Leon V. Kochian Marshall W. Johnson Gerald R. Smith David W. Grainger Schuyler S. Korban Biological Sciences H. Ronald Kaback Didier Y.R. Stainier Nancy R. Gray J. K. Ladha Debra A. Kendall Oswald Steward Zhibin Guan Alan McHughen Warren G. Abrahamson Bruce S. Klein Jeffry Stock P. Jeffrey Hay Kenneth J. Moore David S. Adams Daniel J. Klionsky Michael R. Strand George W. Kabalka M. Susan Moran Jeffrey M. Becker Douglas E. Koshland Adam P. Summers William H. Kirchhoff Andrew H. Paterson Darwin Berg Sudhir Kumar Venkatesan Sundaresan Dilip P. Kondepudi Prem S. Paul Mark D. Bertness Arthur D. Lander Betsy M. Sutherland George A. Kraus Michael J. Sadowsky Timothy Block Jennifer Lippincott- Gabor Szabo Clark R. Landis Gary Stacey James U. Bowie Schwartz Waclaw Szybalski Cynthia K. Larive Judith S. Stern Jeffrey D. Brawn R. Michael Liskay Jordan J.N. Tang Timothy P. Lodge Steven H. Strauss H. Jane Brockman Jun O. Liu Susan S. Taylor Jianpeng Ma Deon D. Stuthman Garry R. Buettner Carol J. Lovatt Carl S. Thummel Surya K. Mallapragada Michael J. Vepraskas Joanna Burger Terry Magnuson Lydia Villa-Komaroff Mark Maroncelli Paddy L.W. Wiesenfeld Michael Castellini Russell L. Malmberg Geoffrey M. Wahl Susan Marqusee Roger Wyse Avis H. Cohen James L. Manley Graham C. Walker Rachel W. Martin Shyu-Dong Yeh Karen C. Cone Therese A. Markow Johannes Walter Pradip Mascharak Jizhong Zhou Peter S. Curtis Mark Q. Martindale Nancy C. Walworth Joel S. Miller Prescott L. Deininger Bruce McClure Gregory W. Warr Thomas A. Moore Anthropology Dean DellaPenna Bruce McKee Michael R. Waterman Catherine J. Murphy Jennifer A. Doudna Susan C. Anton Mark A. McPeek Patrick J. Weatherhead Peter Nordlander Dale E. Edmondson Claude Bouchard Marvin L. Meistrich Alan M. Weiner Eric Oldfield Rebecca A. Efroymson Daniel E. Brown Barbara J. Meyer George M. Weinstock Stanley M. Parsons Daphne J. Fairbairn Marian Dagosto Thomas G. Mitchell Richard K. Wilson Charles H.F. Peden Christopher B. Field Robert G. Elston, Michelle Momany Samuel H. Wilson B. Montgomery Pettitt Denise A. Galloway Carol R. Ember Peter Mombaerts Jeffrey Wilusz Frank M. Raushel Susan M. Gasser Charles F. Hildebolt Timothy A. Mousseau Eckard A.F. Wimmer Jack Saltiel Brandon S. Gaut Stephen A. Kowalewski Laurence D. Mueller Marc S. Wold Charles R. Sanders Susan A. Gerbi Steven R. Leigh Joseph H. Nadaeu John L. Woolford H. Bernhard Schlegel David M. Gilbert Jeffrey K. McKee Jeremy Nathans Michael J. Yarus Andreas K. Schmid Myron F. Goodman James J. McKenna Eugene A. Nothnagel Klaus Schmidt-Rohr Howard D. Grimes J. Michael Plavcan Stephen G. Oliver Chemistry Lynn F. Schneemeyer Michael D. Griswold Baldomero Olivera Susannah L. Scott Matthew J. Ravosa Mark M. Banaszak Holl Louis J. Gross Luis F. Parada David H. Sherman Audrey Smedley Bridgette A. Barry Lorraine J. Gudas Nipam H. Patel Gary Sulikowski David G. Smith Ugo Bertocci Christine Guthrie Norbert Perrimon Elizabeth C. Theil Robert G. Bryant Tsonwin Hai Craig S. Pikaard James J. Valentini Astronomy Carol J. Burns Michael Hampsey Daryl R. Pring Tom Vogt Charles Alcock Mark J. Cardillo Jo Handelsman Douglas D. Randall J. Herbert Waite Marcia Bartusiak Arup Chakraborty Paul J. Hanson Anjana Rao Mark E. Welker James S. Bullock Shirley Chiang J. Daniel Hare Jeffrey V. Ravetch Michael Widom Jack O. Burns Jean Chmielewski Denham Harman Susan E. Riechert David A. Wink Harriet Dinerstein Mukund S. Chorghade Randall E. Harris Michael R. Rose Huan-Xiang Zhou Andrew P. Gould Robert S. Coleman Caroline S. Harwood Paul B. Rothman Michael E. Coltrin

22 Dentistry and Oral Andrea E. Messer Mathematics Gerald Fischbach Steven R. White Health Sciences David Perlman Charles G. Glabe Miguel J. Yacaman Walter Craig Joseph J. Romm Michael E. Goldberg Michael S. Zisman Irma Thesleff Robert J. Daverman Andrea C. Gore Richard Durrett Geology and Fritz A. Henn Psychology Education Alexander Nagel Geography Allen S. Levine Jacob Rubinstein Martin S. Banks Donald L. Correll Robert C. Malenka Patrick J. Bartlein William Y. Velez Lisa Feldman Barrett Elson S. Floyd Herbert Needleman Oliver A. Chadwick Steven J. Breckler Michael W. Klymkowsky Diane K. O’Dowd Patricia Gober Medical Sciences Eliot A. Brenowitz David D. Kumar Dale Purues Edward Landing Nathan Fox Wolff-Michael Roth Michael Bevan Jochen Schacht Jian Lin John D.E. Gabrieli Mike U. Smith Bruce R. Blazar Sangram S. Sisodia Kam-Biu Liu Barbara Landau Conrad L. Stanitski Ernest C. Borden Mriganka Sur Shih-Lung Shaw Douglas L. Medin Michael B. Brenner J. David Sweatt David A. Siegel Laura-Ann Petitto Engineering Paolo Casali Gary L. Wenk Thomas T. Veblen Linda P. Spear Webster K. Cavenee Phyllis M. Wise Hojjat Adeli Dawn J. Wright Cecilia Cheng-Mayer D. Grant Allen Jerrel L. Yakel Social, Economic, and Bruce D. Cheson Braden R. Allenby History and Political Sciences David E. Clapham Pharmaceutical Radhakisan S. Baheti Philosophy of Science Steven S. Clinton Sciences Kenneth Bollen Issa Batarseh Angela Creager Shu Man Fu Steven Brint Richard D. Braatz Robert Diasio Richard Creath Barbara C. Furie Craig Calhoun Cynthia J. Bruckner-Lea Rodney J.Y. Ho David H. DeVorkin Martha L. Gray Arthur G. Cosby Douglas C. Cameron James P. Kehrer Alan Touwaide Martin S. Hirsch Samuel Gubins Jie Chen Lois D. Lehman- Rebecca D. Jackson James J. Heckman J. Gary Eden Industrial Science and McKeeman Kuan-Teh Jeang Philip S. Khoury Said Elghobashi Technology Daniel C. Liebler Eric Kodish Jan E. Stets Harold B. Finger Craig C. Malbon Orlando Auciello Steven L. Kunkel Charles W. Forsberg Enrico Mihich Societal Impacts Richard R. Burgess Thomas Kupper Brendan J. Frey Charles D. Smith of Science and Franco Cerrina Paul A. Luciw Yury Gogotsi Engineering Charles A. Eckert George K. Michalopoulos Yassin A. Hassan Physics John A. Rogers Elizabeth G. Nabel Albert Carnesale J. David Irwin Gary Nabel Zhores I. Alferov Rochelle Anne Diamond Fadi J. Kurdahi Information, Daniel Ory Ani Aprahamian Gerald L. Epstein Thomas R. Kurfess Computing, and Guy H. Palmer Donald R. Baer Kevin Finneran Terence G. Langdon Communication Yvonne Paterson Jonathan Bagger William S. Hammack Gary S. May William A. Bardeen Chandrajit Bajaj Alan R. Saltiel James E. Katz Chia-Hsiang Menq Pushpa Bhat Pierre Baldi Jean Elise Schaffer Susan M. Wolf Edward I. Moses Carlton M. Caves Steven E. Brenner Bryan K. Slinker Nitin P. Padture Robert A. Eisenstein Alan Kay Joseph G. Sodroski Statistics Mary Jane Phillips Rodolfo Gambini Daniel E. Koditschek Sarah Spiegel Sarah A. Rajala Howard Gordon Mark Becker Dexter Kozen John W. Sweetenham Danny Reible David L. Griscom Bernie Devlin Douglas B. Lenat Megan Sykes Rebecca Richards-Kortum Nicholas J. Hadley Xuming He K.J. Ray Liu Snorri S. Thorgeirsson Sudipta Seal Mikhail V. Kovalchuk George P. McCabe Darrell D.E. Long Li-Huei Tsai Kamalesh K. Sirkar Prem Kumar George C. Roussas Tom M. Mitchell Stephen J. Weiss Eswaran Subrahmanian James E. Lovelock Thomas J. Santner Mart Molle Susan R. Weiss Yong Wang Fabio Marchesoni Leland Wilkinson Thomas P. Moran Irving Weissman Peter A. Wilderer Douglas L. Mills Bin Yu Aristides A.G. Requicha Judith M. White Jimmy Xu Earl W. Plummer Ravi Sandhu William T.C. Yuh Yushan Yan Serban Protopopescu Peter Scheuermann Christopher Yip Thomas R. Roser Shashi Shekhar Neuroscience Xiang Zhang Qimiao Si Venkatramanan Laurence F. Abbott Jerry A. Simmons General Interest S. Subrahmanian Michael A. Arbib Henry W. Sobel in Science and Leslie G. Valiant Jocelyne Bachevalier John C.H. Spence Engineering David M. Berson Linguistics and Maria Spiropulu Kenneth R. Fulton Sarah W. Bottjer Daniel L. Stein Language Science Charles P. Gerba Paul Brehm Jeffrey Y. Tsao Michael A. Keller Sally McConnell-Ginet Ted Dawson Stephan von Molnar, John Kelley Betty Tuller John P. Donoghue Samuel A. Werner

23 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members The Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose commitment to AAAS has sustained our activities to advance science in the service of society and supported the launch of new initiatives in 2008. Lifetime Giving Society The Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous donors—individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS. Philip H. and Neva Abelson* Fred Kavli The Roger & Ellen Revelle David E. Shaw & Esther Hoffman Beller* Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.* Family Beth Kobliner Shaw William T. Golden* Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Edgar J. Saltsman* Martin L. & Rose Wachtel* Caryl & Edna Haskins* Edith D. Neimark President’s Circle Individuals who made significant contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2008 are highlighted here as founding members of the President’s Circle, a new initiative to recognize our top donors each year. $50,000 and above Steven C. Beering Claire Perry Herman Birch Jean B. Burnett Ginger Pinholster & M. Otto Stahley Erich Bloch Robert & Margaret Hazen Nathaniel Chafee Ingrid P. Wennerberg Quigley H. Kent Bowen Fred Kavli Lucio Chiaraviglio in memory of Gunnar Wennerberg Monica M. & E. James Bradford Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Daryl Chubin Simon Ramo Andrew L. Brill Charles E. Reed* Marshall P. Cloyd Jo Ellen & Mark A. Roseman Joan E. Brooks David E. Shaw & James F. Crow Dale Schenk Eric J. Brown Beth Kobliner Shaw William H. Danforth Gretchen & Steven Seiler David G. Browning $25,000 - $49,999 Federico Faggin Andrew M. Sessler Nancy L. Bucher Gregory S. Ferriss Allan Spradling Tom D. Y. Chin Mary Henle* Robert C. Forney Thomas W. Stern Kathleen Church $10,000 - $24,999 Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Philip Trackman Mary E. Clutter Joseph G. Gavin, Jr. Bailus Walker, Jr. Max D. Cooper Adam J. Weissman Joseph L. Giegel Kim Wennerberg James D. Cox Edith D. Neimark Sarah B. Glickenhaus in memory of Gunnar Wennerberg Stephen H. Crandall $5,000 - $9,999 Jeffrey C. Gore Leif G. Wennerberg Edmund A. C. Crouch Benjamin C. Hammett in memory of Gunnar Wennerberg W. Cummings David Baltimore & Alice Huang Hans Hasche-Kluender Steffan R. Wennerberg B. Wesley Catlin Cunningham Paul & Evelyn Baran Douglas L. Hintzman in memory of Gunnar Wennerberg Roy Curtiss III Phillip L. Blair Paul Hoff Charlotte M. Zitrin Lawrence Dahl Chet Britten Charles L. Hunze, Jr. Fernando J. Zúñiga y Rivero Kenneth A. De Ghetto Steven J. Greenberg John E. Irsak Victor H. Denenberg Jeffrey L. Kodosky Masayoshi Itoh $500 - $999 Terence Dulin William & Carol Lyn Savage Irving & Alwyn Johnson John P. Abbey Alison & Craig Fields $2,500 - $4,999 Monica Wennerberg Johnston Gillian M. Air Herbert I. Fusfeld in memory of Gunnar Wennerberg L. Thomas Aldrich H. Greely Nirupa Chaudhari & Stephen Roper Joseph E. Kist J. Frances Allen B. F. Hall Mary L. Good Leon M. Lederman Anonymous (4) Margaret A. Hellmann Nancy G. Kling Shirley & Horace Malcom George W. Anthony John E. Hiatt Norman P. Neureiter Richard J. Massey Sachio Ashida Raymond W. Holton Beth A. Rosner Richard A. Meserve Mary C. Barber Matthew J. Johnson Warren B. Weisberg Gordon E. Moore Merton R. Barry Jiri Jonas $1,000 - $2,499 William A. Murphy, Jr. Herman Bayerdorffer Michael M. Kaback Cherry A. Murray Nicholas A. Begovich Elaine Kant David R. Anderson Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Arden L. Bement, Jr. Walter Kauzmann Anonymous (6) Gilbert S. Omenn & Rose Bethe Robert L. & Judith Ann Kellogg George E. Arnstein Martha A. Darling Margaret B. Binette Paul H. Klingbiel

*Deceased 24 Kathleen Kraemer Duncan T. Moore Chris Rufer Kang Lung Wang Linda L. Lampl Peter B. Myers Louise Russert-Kraemer F. Morgan Warzel Victor W. Laurie Owen J. Newlin Jurg Saladin Donald J. Waters David R. Lay Stephen M. Olin Jean’ne M. Shreeve Charles M. Weiss Matthew Lekson Robert E. Palmer Frank V. Sica Thomas E. Wellems S. David Leonard John F. Pelton R. Peggy Smith Ralph Wharton William A. Lester Kurt Petersen Steven L. Solomon Pai-Yei Whung Gwilym S. Lodwick Steven Popok Juli Staiano & Marc Washington Clayton A. Wiley Paul Lovoi Amy & John Porter Peter F. Stevens Melissa A. Wiswell Daniel S. Lukas Janardan K. Reddy Mark F. Stinski Charles Yanofsky Suzanne M. Mahoney Ellen C. Revelle* Robert L. Stout Wei Young J. Howard Marshall III Juan G. Roederer Donald A. Swanson Charles M. & Merryl S. Zegar James J. McCarthy Seymour L. Romney William A. Thomas Orlando J. Miller Robert Rosenthal Michael S. Turner Ernest J. Moniz F. Sherwood Rowland John Urquhart

We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions:

$250 - $499 Richard M. Forester John T. Melson Albert H. Teich Marc S. Atkins Michael C. Foster Carl R. Merril & Jill H. Pace R. Clifton Bailey Heman P. Adams Richard Frankel O. Eugene Millhouse Maury Tigner Stanley Bailis Anonymous (5) Edward R. French Frank Murray William Tompkins George C. Baldwin William C. Ashby Walter Gamble Hyung-Song Nam John W. Townsend, Jr. N. Addison Ball Daniel E. Atkinson James I. Garrels J. Nicholas Newman Thomas K. Toyama Anjuli S. Bamzai Roger Atkinson & Joan E. Brooks Anthony H. Notario II Thomas E. Twitchell William A. Barack Peter Barry R. H. Garstang Carolyn L. Orthner Dallas E. Weaver Adam E. Barnes Paul A. Bartlett Robert J. Glaser John M. Palms Henry Wedaa Harry G. Barnes Jean Beard Robert G. Goelet Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Milton W. Weller Franklin H. Barnwell Donald Bird Edward J. Goetzl William G. Parzybok, Jr. John P. Williams Jeremiah A. Barondess Mary Lynne Bird Kim L. Graham Alan & Missy Peterson Judith H. & John S. Willis Tamas Bartfai Eric Bischoff Fernand Hayot Edward Pollak Helen R. Winter Thomas R. & C. John Blankley Marye Priscilla Hele Herbert P. Price Gerald Zon Johanna K. Baruch Adele Boskey Richard Hendricks Omar Qureshi Kyle D. Bayes Kenneth A. Burkholder Andrew Hibbs Samuel I. Rapaport $100- $249 Lawrence S. Bazel John E. Burris Evelyn V. H. Howett Aristides A. G. Requicha James Aagaard Peter Beak Marvin Carmack Owen Hubbard Charles M. Rice III Ernest C. Adams Edward W. Beals Edgar M. Chase Leon Hyman Millard Lee Rice Irving Adler Adele Behar Walter J. Chazin Harold E. Jackson, Jr. Eugene Roberts Jill P. Adler-Moore Dan W. Bench Edward L. Chupp Jerome J. Jacoby John M. Rowe Philip D. Aines Leslie Z. Benet Jonathan Coopersmith Samson A. Jenekhe P. Jackson Schad Gordon Aitken Donald R. Bennett Roxanne Cumming Irene M. Jones Jean M. Schmidt Ramesh K. Akkina Carl S. Benson Peter V. Czipott Michael S. Klassen George F. Schnack Charles E. Alpers Leo L. Beranek Troy E. Daniels Miles V. Klein Cecily C. Selby Norman J. Alvares Ernest L. Bergman Jeffrey S. Dean Maria Kovacs Murray Senkus Gordon W. Anderson Leo D. Berner, Jr. Robin L. Dennis George W. Kunkel Emma Shelton Norman B. Anderson Lee A. Bertram Charles Dickinson III Francis N. Lebaron Nobumichi Shimizu Anonymous (14) & Mary Beth Acuff Norbert Dittrich Arnys C. Lilly, Jr. David J. Simons Rudi Ansbacher Kevin P. Bertrand Robert W. Doty Peter R. Limburg Linda C. Smith Evan H. Appelman Anatole Besarab Loyal Durand Gang-Yu Liu Barbara Sorkin B. R. Appleton Charles E. Bidwell Elizabeth E. Ehrenfeld Gabrielle G. Long D. C. Spriestersbach Kenneth B. Armitage John G. Bieri Henry L. Ehrlich Barbara Lozar Q. D. Stephen-Hassard William W. Armstrong Edward A. Birge Roger Eichhorn Douglas E. MacLaughlin Edward C. Stone Beatrice Arnowich Alan R. Bishop Charles W. Eigenbrot Michael Maitland Shepard B. Stone William Aron Nirendra Biswas Howard J. Eisen Nancy C. Martin F. William Studier Samuel Aronson Meredith Blackwell Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. William C. McIvor Robert E. Stutz Frank Asaro Robert J. Blendon Emmanuel Farber Brockway McMillan Gerald H. Takei Balasubramania H. Lewis M. Bloomingdale Margaret L. Fonda Mary B. Meikle C. Bradley Tashenberg Athreya John E. Blume Warren T. Ford

*Deceased 25 Philip K. Bondy Jack D. Cowan James P. Ferris S. Richard Heisey Robert E. Lanou, Jr. Francis T. Bonner James K. Coward John F. Finerty Mark Heising Carene S. Larmat John G. Bordie Robert C. Cowen Thomas H. Finlay Donald E. Henson Seymour Lederberg Christina Bowers Richard H. Cox Frank W. Fitch Gayle M. Herrington Albert C. Lee Milton J. Boyd Bruce H. Dana J. T. Flynn Davis Hershey Mark Lehner Michael Bozoian Kenneth G. Davenport John F. Foley James H. Heym Cecil E. Leith Joseph X. Brennan Leslie N. Davis John B. Forrest, Jr. Mary Lu Murray Hickman Margaret A. Lemone Robert M. Brenner Milford Davis William J. Forrest Norwood O. Hill Anthony W. Leonard John J. Brink Igor Dawid Helen L. Foster William E. Himwich Christiana Leonard Michael Briselli Peter R. De Forest Bruce A. Fowler David C . Hoaglin Duane J. Letourneau Arnold R. Brody Catherine D. DeAngelis James F. Freda Frank Hole Howard Leventhal Martha H. Brookes John H. Dearborn Paul J. Friedman Elton R. Homan C. Sandford Levings III Donald J. Brown Jack N. Deeter Joshua Frieman John T. Horton Richard M. Levitt Eleanor R. Brown William P. Deiss Gerald P. Fritzke Estil V. Hoversten Charles A. Lewis Harold H. Brown Paul M. Densen Ken I. Fukuchi Larry Howard David A. Liberman Kathleen O. Brown William E. Dibble Glenn Fuller John P. Huchra Philip Lichtenberg John C. Browne Paul W. Dickson, Jr. Joseph H. Gainer Robert N. Hull Johng K. Lim Hal E. Broxmeyer Howard F. Didsbury, Jr. Joseph G. Gall Homer A. Humiston David R. Lincicome John S. Brusca Paula Diehr S. Raymond Gambino Eric Hunter David R. Lineback Evan Buck Bruce L. Dietrich Rajesh R. Gandhi Gayle Olano Hurt Christopher J. Lingle William A. Buehring CatherIne K. Dillingham William G. Gardner Richard L. Hutchens Lorenzo Lisonbee Dennis E. Buetow Mihaela Dinu Lucille B. Garmon Antonino Incardona John H. Litchfield Robert W. Bundtzen Gene Dion David M. Gates Shinya Inoue Joseph A. Little Diane Burgess Joseph R. Dipalma Myron Genel Jenefir D. Isbister Marvin Litvak Donald L. Burkholder David A. Dixon Mark L. Gilberstadt Barbara V. Jacak John E. Litz W. Dickinson Burrows Joe B. Dixon David D. Gilbert Marianna Jackson Iris L. Long Anna Burton Winifred W. Doane Elmer G. Gilbert John Jagger Patricia C. Lorentzen Donald G. Buth Andrea Dobson Leland H. Gile, Jr. Douglas A. James James D. Louck George F. Cahill, Jr. Theodore Donaldson Walter L. Gillespie Leon Jaroff Thomas A. Louis Ralph Calder Rodger E. Doxsey J. Paul Gilman Gary Jason Derek Lowenstein Michael J. Calderwood John A. Dracup Roger I. Glass Robert B. Jenkins Joyce H. Lowinson Ronald E. Cape Abraham I. Dranetz Eli Glatstein John H. Jewell Jane Lubchenco R. L. Carovillano Phillip M. Dubois Andrew M. Gleason Grant E. Johnson Allan J. Lundeen Martha S. Carpenter Arthur K. Dunlop Robert L. Goble Harold S. & Ernest L. Lundelius, Jr. Peter A. Castruccio Thomas H. Reginald G. Golledge Mary Ella Johnston Joan Lunney Paul A. Catacosinos & Sylvia A. M. Dunning Ward H. Goodenough Lawrence W. Jones Arthur Lupia Joseph J. Cech, Jr. Ira Dyer William H. Goodson III Richard Jones Richard H. Lyon Robert Chan Peter S. Eagleson Donn S. Gorsline Elke Jordan Helen D. Maclay Victor T. Chang Douglas P. Easton Albert E. & Mary E. W. Goss Carl Kaysen Anne Maddalena Lloyd F. Chase Gus Eckhardt Stephen B. Gray James M. Kendall Clifford K. Madsen Chi-Bin Chien Frank K. Edmondson Donald F. Grether Vida C. Kenk Louis J. Maher Pritindra Chowdhuri Robert L. Edwards Earl M. Grohs Kern E. Kenyon John J. Majnarich George A. Clark, Jr. David W. Ehrenfeld Helen K. Groves Urban S. Kern Willem V. Malkus James H. Cleland Franco Einaudi Jean M. Gudas Roger Ketcham H. George Mandel Steven K. Clinton David E. Elder Gerhard J. Haas Toichiro Kinoshita Robert B. Mandell John M. Clough Vincent A. Elder Jerrier A. Haddad Scott A. Kleiner Tag E. Mansour David R. Coahran Wolfgang E. Elston Duane E. Haines Roger E. Koeppe Prasanth Manthena D. Walter Cohen Thomas S. Ely Albert L. Hale Anthony L. Komaroff & Thomas J. Marlowe Jules Cohen Wes Ernsberger Carl W. Hall Lydia Villa-Komaroff Walter & Shirley Massey Michael P. Cohen W. Gary Ernst Daniel A. Hamlin Hyman Korin James F. Mathis Morrel H. Cohen Orville W. Erringer Arthur M. Hamparian Edward J. Kormondy Karen Y. Matsuoka Richard L. Cohen Robert H. Eustis Ingeborg Hanbauer Theodore R. Kozlowski Linda A. Mauck Roger D. Coleman Joann L. Evans Judith M. Harbison Bernard L. Kravitz Robert W. Maxwell, Jr. Michael Colvin David W. Faris Jonathan E. Hardis Bernard E. Kreger J. Patrick Mayo Jack H. & Rita R. Colwell T. D. Farmer Franklin M. Harold Rodney M. Krich Chris L. McAuliffe Dale K. Colyer Curtis Farmer Charles Harris James W. Kuhn Mollie E. McBride James W. Conine Benedict Feinberg Harold Hart Frederick A. Kundell Simon J. McCarthy Ellsworth B. Cook Yoseph Feit Beverly Hartline Anton Edward La Bonte Layton L. McCoy Faun L. Cordes Robert H. Fennell, Jr. Marion Popenoe Hatch Robert L. Lambert James L. McElhaney J. D. Corrigan Allison F. Fentiman Alfred C. Haven, Jr. Neal F. Lane Christopher F. McKee

*Deceased 26 Donald P. McNamara John Peoples, Jr. William J. Saucier Elmer P. Tepper Lynn E. Wirtz Marcia K. McNutt Frank A. Pepe Herman T. Schassberger Kenneth R. Teter Carl P. Wisoff Thomas A. Mehlhorn Lester J. Perlman Claude H. Schmidt Shelby Thames Paul A. Witherspoon Anton Melnyk Lloyd J. Perper Donald L. & Julia Schmidt John W. Thoman Evelyn M. Witkin William M. Miller Philip R. Perry Ruth A. M. Schmidt Arthur R. Thomas H. Boyd Woodruff Nathaniel C. Mills Philip Person Roland W. Schmitt J. William Thomas George E. Woody Beatrice Mintz Betty L. Petrie Benjamin Schwartz & Herbert W. Thompson Paul W. Worden, Jr. Joan L. Mitchell Ralph H. Petrucci Susan Cullen-Schwartz Robert W. Thresher Armon F. Yanders Don S. Miyada Julia M. Phillips Kent Seinfeld Elaine Tobin James R. Youse Robert L. Molinari J. K. Pickard Donald W. Seldin Alvin V. Tollestrup Milton Zaitlin Lloyd J. Money Albert E. Pifer Robert E. Shafer John G. Topliss Jan A. D. Zeevaart Angelyn & Kevin Moore Wellington J. Pindar David G. Shappirio Barbara B. Torrey Marvin Zelen Sidney M. Morris, Jr. Thomas G. Polefka Sunil Shaw Wayne & Maria Toth Dorothy S. Zinberg Bonnie R. Morton Richard L. Portine Carleton B. Shay Charles H. Townes John Moseley Rex F. Pratt Eleanor B. Sheldon M. C. Trichel Other Susanne C. Moser Edward Prince Edwin R. Shepard Timothy N. Trick Contributors Steven Moss Charles Pritchard Paul F. Shepard Patrick W. Trown David M. Abbey James Mossman William M. Protheroe Robert Sherman A. Forrest Troyer Walter H. Abelmann Patricia H. Moyer Joseph Pufahl Bruce A. Sherwood Forrest A. Trumbore Alfred A. Aburto J. Fraser Muirhead Jules B. Puschett John Shigeoka Deborah Turski Robert S. Adelstein A. A. Mullin Peter Puster Maurice E. Shils K. T. Valsaraj Lewis E. Agnew Catherine Munera Margaret S. Race J. P. Shoup Jack R. Van Lopik Kevin E. Ahern Henry M. & Yueh-Erh Rahman Victor M. Showalter Ari van Tienhoven Leif A. Ahrens Norma G. Munger Edward R. Rang M. I. Simon William P. VanEseltine E. John Ainsworth Carlos E. Munoz Helen M. Ranney Joseph V. Simone Charles Varsel Nancy W. Alcock Robert L. Munroe M. M. Rao Jack W. Sites, Jr. Albert F. Wagner Joseph Allan Eric P. Muntz George B. Rathmann Jonathan B. Skinner W. James Waldman Daniel Alpert Lawrence S. Myers, Jr. Buddy D. Ratner Eugene B. Skolnikoff Charles P. Wales Lowell L. Anderson Bruno Nachtergaele Donald G. Rea Alan J. Smith Leonard F. Walker Wyatt W. Anderson Gerald Nadler Edward F. Redish C. Russell Smith R.J. Walker Cindy K. Angerhofer Vance J. Nau James R. Redmond Charles G. Smith William F. Walsh Anonymous (12) James W. Neel Robert P. Redwine Edward J. Smith Avery Wang Bradley C. Antanaitis Roger J. Neill John S. Reed Ernest K. Smith Jui H. Wang Joseph P. Ardizzi Paul Neiman Lester J. Reed W. R. Smith-Vaniz Cynthia K. Warner Fred Arney Mary L. Nelson Kenneth Howard Reinert Charles M. Sommerfield Frank W. Warner III John L. Ashby Richard M. Nelson Jakob Reiser David G. Stahl David S. Warren Jerome P. Ashman Walter L. Nelson James B. Rhodes Joshua D. Staller Warren M. Washington Janet J. Asimov William G. Nelson Mary E. Rice Irving C. Statler Marvin Wasserman Alfred E. Attard Nancy J. Nersessian Frederick H. Rindge Dusan Stefoski Mark E. Weaver Don Augenstein Jeffery L. Newmeyer Henry M. Rines Lee P. Stephenson Alfons Weber Daniel L. Azarnoff Larry D. Nooden Michael Ripps Mary Ann Stepp William F. Weeden Andrew D. Bacher Ronald P. Nordgren Jean Roberts Reinhard Stettler David A. Weisblat Jeffrey T. Balaguras Christer E. Nordman Julian L. Roberts, Jr. Robertson Stevens Elizabeth K. Weisburger Bruce Balick Robert F. Norris Pat Robinson Rosemary A. Stevens Jeffrey Weiss Katherine S. Bao William T. Norton Edna K. Rogers T. Christine Stevens John H. Weitz Jerry R. Barber Patricia J. Noyes Jeffrey Rogers Nancy R. Stevenson Luiz Weksler Chandler H. Barkelew Marie U. Nylen Glenn L. Roof James Stolzenbach Robert Wesley Franklin L. Barnes, Jr. Robert A. O’Dell Hugh Rose Carl F. Stover Mary Christine Wetzel James M. Barnes Donald O’Dowd Kenneth L. Rose Roy F. Stratton Jack R. Weyland Lewis A. Barness Lynn Ogden Brian J. Rosenthal Joan C. Suit Maynard B. Wheeler Monique Barrett Ronald Oliver Mark R. Rosenzweig Mark L. Sundquist Irvin L. White William A. Bassett Richard K. Olsson David A. Ross Frank X. Sutman John A. Widness Karen F. Bates Walter A. Orenstein Mary L. Rothschild G. Marie Swanson Bruce A. Wielicki Karen Beck Allison R. Palmer Donald A. Rowley Claude C. R. Swayze Dara H. Wilber Nicholas A. Beck C. Harvey Palmer Patricia Rudolph Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi Anna M. Williams W. Dexter Bellamy Rudolph Pariser Joyce E. Rundhaug Diane E. Tachmindji George C. Williams Kirstie Bellman Claire Parkinson David T. Salant Susan H. Tam Hugh E. Willoughby Max Ben Thomas S. Parsons James S. Sandberg Susan Y. Tamura Raymond A. Wilson Roy Benedek James F. Patterson Philip & Myriam Sarachik Norman Tepley C. Norman Winningstad Paul A. Benioff Ara G. Paul Rosemary Sargent Raymond L. Teplitz Jeanette Winter Gary D. Bent

*Deceased 27 Paul F. Bente, Jr. Morris J. Cherrey Linda A. Finch Reginald Gwin Isaac R. Kaplan Matthew J. Berberich Robert M. Chew H. John Fisher Helen M. Habermann Lawrence Kaplan Lawrence U. Berman James G. Christenson James E. Fitzgerald George F. Haenlein Jeffrey W. Karpen Stephen A. Bernard Barry G. Clark Thomas J. Fitzgerald Robert L. Hamilton Gary L. & Ilene Katz Peter M. Bernays Robert J. Clayton Joel G. Flaks Charles Hammer J. V. Richard Kaufman James A. Berns George G. Cocks Eric W. Fonkalsrud James E. Hammerberg John F. Kearney Robert L. Bernstein Norman Cohen Sarah Q. Foster Arthur G. Hansen Hans Keithley R. Stephen Berry Shirley Cole-Harding Alan Frank Dean C. Hansen Susanna R. Keller Jacob Bigeleisen John Coleman Martin S. Frant Donald G. Hanway Carolyn G. Kelley Minke Binnerts Stirling A. Colgate Eleanor Fraser Louis C. Haughney Howard H. Kendler Shirley T. Bissen Richard C. Corlett Kenneth Frauwirth Hershel J. Hausman Edouard Kengni Benjamin P. Blasingame David Coulter Gail Frazar-Mele Bruce Hawkins Charles F. Kennel Frederick A. Bliss Steven Cowgill Stephen E. Frazier Jack W. Heberling, Jr. William C. Kenney Amy S. Bloom Bernd Crasemann Samuel Fredman Albert Heiserer Mark A. Kent Herbert Blumenthal Gwyneth Cravens Arnold G. Fredrickson Fred B. Henderson III Breene M. Kerr Mildred Bobrovich William H. Crocker Perry A. Frey Earl W. Henry Katrina Kershner Ana Boghici Lois S. Cronholm Daniel A. Friderici David Herrin Clyde W. Kimball H. Fred Bomberger Alfred J. Crowle Richard Friedman J. Hildebrandt Rosalie Kleinberg Martha W. Bond Laurence W. Curtis John W. Fuquay David Hill Mark M. Knuepfer D. Randolph Booken Lawrence A. Curtis Mitchell H. Gail Winfred F. Hill Albert C. Kovelesky Ajay K. Bose G. Conrad Dalman Marc T. Galeazza James H. Hillman Joseph C. Koziar Ralph F. Boulware C. R. Dawson Georgine M. Garbisch Barbara A. Hilton Ralph T. Kubo James S. Bowman Ira W. Deep Lidia A. Gardner Donald E. Hoard Casimir A. Kulikowski Stephen G. Boyce Ganie B. Dehart Margaret A. Garnjost Martha L. Hochberg Bernard M. Kulwicki John S. Brabson Paul F. Deisler John Gatchell Hans Henrich Hock Donna Kuroda Marilyn C. Bracken Seymour J. Deitchman Richard D. Geckler R. L. Hoffman Paul A. Lachance William T. Bradner Modesto Del Castillo Donald Geesaman Ariel H. Hollinshead K. S. Lackner Garry D. Brewer Howard B. Demb Thomas P. Gerald Charles W. Hoover, Jr. Chiara M. Bini Langley Alexander J. Bridges Ebo D. Demuinck P. Roger Gillette Frank C. Hoppensteadt Michel L. Lapidus Josephine P. Briggs Peter L. Derks Alexander J. Glass Robert Horstmeier Carol L. Lassen Everett F. Britz, Jr. Ruthmary K. Deuel Ezra Glaser James Hu Allan H. Laufer Reed Brockbank Maurice Deul Edward W. Glazener E. Kenneth Hulet Walter R. Lawson Felix Bronner John L. Deutsch Albert S. Glickman Susanne M. Humphrey Judith Layzer Mark Bronson Eric Dietrich Robert P. Goddard Frank P. Hungate J. Benjamin Leake Thomas W. Brooks Harriet L. Dinerstein Robert P. Godwin Karl L. Hutterer Joseph R. Leal Charles S. Brown Mary Dohnalek Anish Goel Mary R. Idso Lela Lee & Norman Wikner J. C. Browne Aaron Dossey Leslie I. Gold David E. Illig Helen Lees Mark R. Brunner Warren Dowler Joshua N. Goldberg M. Ingram Ilse Lehiste Michael J. Bucknum H. Neal Dunning Alan Goldfien Henry R. Irons Peter F. Lemkin Kawal Buddhu Terry Dye Jack Goldstein Charles E. Jackson Murray Lerner Rae L. Burke Manfred Eberhardt Jerry P. Gollub Robert W. Jackson David E. Leventhal Karolyn Burkhart-Schultz Frances B. Edens Jeremy Goodman K. Bruce Jacobson David S. Levin Donald A. Burrows Harry S. Edwards Richard E. Goodman Andre T. Jagendorf Arthur Liberman Philip S. Burton Victor H. Edwards John T. Gosling Margaret James Norman N. Lichtin Edward G. Buss John F. Egan Harold Graboske William A. Jensen William Z. Lidicker, Jr. Herbert I. Butler Denis A. Elliott Paul J. Green Jonathan A. Jerome Herman S. Lilja John Butler Neil W. Elliott Nathaniel Grier Randall M. Jeter Lewis P. Lipsitt Norman Byrd Guy T. Emery Gene P. Grillo Kuihuan Jian Lars Ljungdahl Michael F. Cabbad Bernard T. Engel Samuel O. Grim George John Ralph Locascio Margaret J. Callanan Jessie A. Engle Richard Grindeland Jonathan Johnnidis Felix J. Lockman James M. Carhart James H. Eraker Michael P. Grissom Allen H. Johnson George Loeb Frederick F. Carlson John L. Erling William A. Gross James F. Johnson Paul M. Loewenstein Jerome B. Carr Harry Evans David D. Grove Eve Jones Michael Lombardi David H. Carver Reginald J. Exton David L. Groves Henry H. Jones Samuel S. Lord, Jr. Shaun T. Case Phyllis H. Faber Zdenka Guadarrama Howard L. Jones Steven Luckstead Walter Cash Daniel Falkoff Norma Guillory Patricia M. Jones David A. Lupfer Herbert Caskey Charles S. Faulkner II Benjamin F. Gundelfinger Erica C. Jonlin G. Paul Lynch Emery N. Castle Steven Federman Hyman Guthwin H. R. Kaback Richard Lynn Joseph Cerny William Feldman Helmut R. Gutmann Norval M. Kane Robert C. MacDonald Suknan S. Chang John Fieser C. David Gutsche Mel L. Kantor Merritt Maduke

*Deceased 28 Mildred M. Maguire Howard Nekimken Megan Rook Patrick Smith Jaclyn M. Vidgoff J. David Malone Richard S. Nelson Mike C. Rose Siavash H. Sohrab Gerald W. Vogel Thomas F. Malone Ken Nephew Marvin J. Rosenberg Hilda W. Sokol Steven Vogel Lewis T. Mann Paul Nielsen Melvin Ross Ronald E. Somerby Lester Wahner Marilyn S. Mann Robert A. Nilan Larry Rowan Davison E. Soper Harold Walba Maria Julia Marinissen James P. O’Callaghan William B. Rowan William T. Spock Henry & Doris Walter Hans M. Mark Patrick J. O’Connor Stephen M. Rowland David B. Sprinson Geoffrey K. Walters Mark Markham Jeffrey F. Oda Jane Rudolph James P. Stansbury David L. Warburton Samuel P. Maroney, Jr. John R. O’Fallon Nathan Rudolph Abram Stavitsky Emmerson Ward Paul R. Marques John F. O’Leary Klaus Ruedenberg Kelly P. Steele Robert T. Ward Helene Marquis Patricia T. Olson Roger A. Ruth Donald F. Steiner Robert H. Warren Rachel Marr Fred Ordway George H. Sack, Jr. Rolf Sternberg Rolland M. Waters William L. Marsh Henry H. Osborn Jerome L. Sackman John P. Stewart Gordon L. Watts Maia Martcheva Donald Ottenstein Mark Saltis Julie Stewart Diana K. Weatherby Diane H. Martin Robert H. Page Allan R. Sanford Quentin J. Stober James R. Weeks Susan M. Maskel Victor R. Palmeri Dennis S. Santella Edward C. Stoever Armand B. Weiss James F. Masken A. Michael Parfitt Eric Saund Walter C. Stolov Conrad G. Welling Martin Massengale Guy P. Patra Clifford L. Sayre David A. Stonestrom Peggy A. Wenk Elizabeth L. Mather Stephen Pauley Christopher Scarpino Alan J. Strauss Thomas J. Wheeler Robert Mazelsky Stanton J. Peale Fred L. Schaffer Mary B. Strauss Owen Whitby David J. McAdoo Timothy A. Pedley Margo M. Schleman Richard R. Streiff Gary R. White Shirley A. McCormack Charles R. Peebles Mitchell Schlossman John Stroehlein John A. White Wallace McCurdy John W. Pennisten Paul L. Schmidbauer Henry Stroke R. Stephen White Harry E. McDonald III Paul A. Penzo Michael C. Schneck Deon D. Stuthman Robert M. White James M. McDonald David J. Pettitt Ann I. Schneider Yuichiro Suzuki Glenn Whiteside Eugene C. McDowell William T. Petuskey Barbara L. Schneider Muriel H. Svec Maurice M. Whitten Victor K. McElheny Ranard J. Pickering Alan Schneyer Keith R. Symon Harold A. Wilkinson Wilbert J. McKeachie Louis J. Pierro Lawrence B. Schonberger Morgan C. Sze Norman P. Willett Paul T. Medici Natasha D. Pinol Julian I. Schroeder Rowland W. Tabor Clinton C. Williams William Meezan Ronald E. Pitts Herbert Schuel Marilyn Taggart Susan Lynn Williams Edward Meilman Marvin S. Platt Richard & Yoshihiko Takeda George B. Wilmot C. Nelson Melampy William H. Plotkin Margaret Schwartz Marc Z. Talisman Leonard J. Winchester Kenneth E. Mellendorf Roshini M. Ponnamperuma J. A. Schwenkler James H. Taylor Bertram Wolfe Edward K. Mercer Richard E. Poppele Donald C. Seeley Patricia E. Taylor Leila Ann Wolfe Douglas H. Merkle Liese Potts Frederic T. Selleck Ronald R. Tellier Bernard Wolnak James Merz Ellen M. Prager Carol Selvey Constantine H. Tempelis J. Walter Woodbury Jeffrey Messing Norman E. Prather Walter E. Sepp John W. Terborgh J. Woodruff Sara Michie Glenn D. Pratt Robert E. Servis Mitchell Thomas Joseph H. Woodside Jon J. Michnovicz Carmelo A. Privitera Richard B. Setlow R. K. Thomas Robert E. Yager Judith B. Miller Charles H. Pruett David H. Shaftman George D. Thome James E. Young Natalia Milshina Gary J. Quigley John Shainoff Robert L. Thompson Jerrold H. Zar Don Mitchell Derek Raghavan William W. Shane Van Thompson Peter Zarras John J. Mitchell Wilfrid Rall Harold T. Shapiro William L. Tietjen Xubin Zeng Ichiro Miyagawa David H. Randle Gordon M. Shepherd Norbert W. Tietz Nickolay Zhadin Arthur C. Moeller Alan I. Rapoport Natalie Shepp David W. Tillay William Zimmermann, Jr. George C. Mohr L. W. Raymond Jhih-Shyang Shih James W. Titus Melvin L. Zwillenberg Janos Molnar Thomas D. Reed Thomas B. Shope, Jr. Christopher Tobias Jean Montagu Elizabeth Adkins Regan James Short Mark A. Tracy Patron Members F. Paul Mooring Bernhard Reimann Marshall Shumsky Harry M. Trickey Ashley Aberg David W. Moreland William J. Reiss Eric R. Siegel David C. Trimble Edward Aboufadel Howard L. Morgan Minocher C. Reporter Daniel P. Siewiorek Russell F. Trimble Carly Adler M. Granger Morgan Macy Reynolds Eugene A. Silva Alvin W. Trivelpiece R. Paul Aftring Rosalind Morris R. J. Reynolds Benjamin K. Silverman Kenneth L. Twilla Richard Agee Herbert C. Morse III Miles Richardson Charles A. Simenstad Kirsten Vadheim Tarek Aguizy Stephen D. Morton David M. Richman Jag J. Singh Jane L. Valentine Amanda Ahern Geoffrey H. Moyer David W. Riley James W. Skehan Ve Valli Akhila Aiyer Berndt Mueller Jack N. Rinker Willis H. Skrdla Andrew J. Van Horn James W. Altman Peter K. Mueller Andrew Roberts Ralph A. Slepecky Esther van der Knaap Albert F. Anderson Stephen E. Myers John P. Roberts James L. Smith Karen VanDusen David Anderson George H. Nancollas Kirk N. Robinson John T. Smith Jeff Victoroff James Jay Anderson

*Deceased 29 Michael F. Angel Robert Buco Kenneth A. De Ghetto John Friede Fred Hansen Carmen Arbona Eric Burger Paul S. De Carli John A. Friedline Fred P. Harchelroad E. James Arking Elizabeth Buse Craig Dees Richard Friedman Alexander Harcourt John A. Armstrong Jean L. Cadet Emily Delmont William Friend John G. Harkins Joshua Arnold Henry Campbell J. E. Devalpine Bethany Froehlich Richard Harms Vadim Asadov Mark Campbell Daniel Devine Gilda Diaz Fuentes James D. Harris Jean Auel Clifford R. Cannon Michael Devlin John C. Fuhr Scott M. Harvey Jonathan Axelrad Daniel B. Caplan Robert F. Dickhoff Charles Fuller J. Scott Hauger David M. Ayres Marilyn Caporizzo Charles Dickinson Eric Fung Charles E. Hawkins DanieL L. Azarnoff Charles Carberry Howard Didsbury John C. Fyfe Michael Hayward Samuel F. Baldwin Barbara E. Carlson Richard D. Dietz Taylor Gabbard Robert Healing Terry Balthazor Paul A. Carlson Joe Dietzgen Joseph R. Gabrielli Mark Heising Paul Baran Regina Carns D. J. Disraeli R. F. Gaeke George Helmer Jerry R. Barber James F. Case Norbert Dittrich Walter Gamble C.T. Helmers Mary C. Barber G. H. Cassell Ashley Dombkowski Cinda Gardner Val G. Hemming Laura Barela James J. Cavanaugh Wayland Dong R. H. Garstang Rudy Henninger Peter Barry Carlton Caves Grace M. Donnelly Joseph G. Gavin Thomas Henson Richard Barry Daniel Cayan David C. Donoho J. Germroth Michael Herrick Peter Battaglia Philip Cerniglia Albert T. Dosser Elodie Ghedin Linda A. Hershey John Baxt Nathaniel Chafee Rodger Doxsey Bruce Giantonio Howard Hertz Richard Bayles Greg Champine Jeff Dozier Dorothy W. Gietzen John R. Hess John Bearley Edgar M. Chase PhillIp M. Dubois Eric Glass Robert Hess Gary K. Beauchamp Herbert S. Chase Ellen Dupre Sarah B. Glickenhaus R. M. Hirsch T. Beck Stephen Chazen Pete Eckel John Gluck Ralph F. Hirschmann Karen Ann Becker Philip Chenette John S. Edgcomb Howard Gobstein Yiu Kee Ho Henry F. Beechhold Elizabeth Cho Mark Edwards Paul Gold Elvin L. Hoel Myron A. Beigler Luther Christman Vernon J. Ehlers Alfred L. Goldberg Wendy Hoffmann Ryan Bell Robert W. Christopherson Estia J. Eichten Michael Goldberg Brian Hofland Kathleen S. Berger Chung K. Chu John Eid MarvIn L. Goldberger John L. Hofstra Michael Berns Austin Church James B. Ellis Ralph Golden William Hogan R. Stephen Berry James Cirrito Hassina Elnagr Mary L. Good Ray Hood Robert Cregar Berwick Aaron Clark Carl Engelberger Edward Goodwin John B. Hooper Thomas H. Bethards Charles Clark Joseph S. Engenito William E. Gordon Martin Per Horvath Laura Bien James H. Cleland Eldon D. Enger David Gorelick Charles L. Hosler J. Michael Bishop Barbara Clemmensen Shawn Erickson James Gower James House Roger N. Blais Martin Cohen Charles W. Eriksen Ronald Graef Frank Howard Jerome L. Bleiweis Christine M. Coldiron J. Erwin William C. Graustein Jaymes Hubbell Erich Bloch James Cole H. Douglas Fachnie Nicholas Graves John P. Huchra Carla Blumberg Lawrence Coleman Federico Faggin John Gray Albert R. Hughes V Edward Blumenthal Jack H. Colwell Alexander Falk Sheila Hafter Gray Gregory Hullender Terrence D. Bogard Richard H. Comer Steve Farber Victoria Gray Charles Hunze Joachim E. Bolck Paul R. Cooley William R. Farmer Richard F. Green Arthur Hyde Fred Bomberger Robert H. Cordella Theodore F. Fathauer Laura H. Greene David W. Ignat Elizabeth Boon David Coulson Robert Fay Irene Greif Akira Inoue E. M. Boughton John Richard Crooks Bobby R. Feil Carl Griffith Keki B. Irani Peter Boyer Edmund Crouch Antonio M. Ferriera Mikus Janis Grinberg John E. Irsak John Brademas Char B. Crow Isaiah J. Fidler Joyce Grossman Masayoshi Itoh Edward C. Brady Kenneth Crumley Alison Fennessy Fields Richard Grossman Charles Ives Michael F. Brewer Adolfo Cuadra David Fischer Helen K. Groves Robert L. Jackson Joe L. Bridger Kenneth W. Cullings Paul Fischer Wilhelm Gruissem Thomas Campbell Jackson Charles Bridges James H. Curry Edward Fishman Max Grunstein Karen Jaffe Peter Briger, Jr Joseph Czika Peter S. Fiske Thomas P. Guerin Russell M. Jaffe David Brooks Peter V. Czipott Frank Fitch Roseann Guido Karen S. Jakes Joan E. Brooks Chad Czyscon Marek T. Fludzinski E. Guignon William H. Janeway Seth A. Brooks Dan Dairaghi S. P. Fodor Ian Hagerman Jan Jannink Eric J. Brown Dean Dakolias Scott Forbes Robert J. Haggerty Gary Jason Halina S. Brown Irving I. Dardik Robert C. Forney Ian Hague Mehrdad Jazayeri Stephen Brown Todd H. Davies Arthur P. Fraas Nancy L. Haigwood Steven B. Jobst Gregory J. Brunn Ruth M. Davis Michael Frame Kelly Hall Julius Johnson David R. Buckler Paul K. Day-Lucore Hans Frauenfelder Andrey Hankevych Matthew Johnson

*Deceased 30 Richard A. Johnson Jason Libersky James J. McSharry Ralph P. Overend Alexandra Roosevelt Steven Johnson Paul B. Lim Clive Meanwell Albert Owens Allen Root Kenneth M. Jones John P. Linderman Gregory P. Meisner Herbert E. Paaren K. D. Rossow Agnes Jones Trower Thomas Lindgren Steven Melander-Dayton Sudhakar Pamidighantam J. E. Rowe Edward Jung Norman Locksley Ronald Melen William Pao Thomas C. Royer Laura Juszczak Richard M. Locksley Richard Melmon Stelios Papadopoulos Eduardo H. Rubinstein Lotti Kalz Mark J. Logsdon Robert Mercer Robert Pappas Chris Rufer James Katz Dan L. Longo Glenn L. Metzger John Parker L. M. Russakoff Carl Kaysen Martha C. Lord Philip Meyer William Parker Michael Russell Michael Kelley Norman W. Lord Yves Miaux William G. Parzybok Francis G. Rust Eamon Kelly Christopher Loss Michael Milberg Steve Pascover Laurence F. Sanders Donald Kennedy Fred V. Lucas Gavin Milczarek A. Patrinos T. D. Sanger Jack Kerns Jan Lukens Harry J. Miller Charles Patton William J. Saucier Peter S. Kessler Richard Lum Orlando J. Miller William Paxton Jerry Saxon Alison Kibbey John Luongo Suzanne E. Miller Ronald Pedalino Rainer Schaaf Kathryn Kilguss Julie Haynes Lutz William F. Miller Chin Tzu Peng Richard Schauer John G. King Herman O. Lyle William L. Miller David Penniman James M. Scheffler Joseph A. King Carol Becker Lynch Douglas Mills Kerry Perez Sandra Schefris Lewis Kinter June Mabry Amelia Ballew Mims Christine Petersen Ted Schierer Mary Kirchhoff Mark P. Mack Cathy Minehan Anita Petty Mark Schneider Randal Kirk John J. Maher William Moates Jeffrey W. Pferd Robert F. Schneider Robert Kirshner John J. Majnarich Mamatha Modem Laura A. Philips Richard M. Schoen Miles V. Klein Craig C. Malbon Betsy Moeller-Sally Kerry Phillips John Schultz Nancy G. Kling Stephen Malin Robert L. Molinari Randy Pierce Kenneth R. Schultz Hanns Hasche Kluender J. David Malone E. J. Moniz Dennis R. Pilarczyk Julie Seaman Cleon Knapp Tom Mammone David Moore Richard J. Plano Ronald C. Searls Stephen Knight Edward Frederick Mann Daniel Moorhead Ellen Potter John D. Seeger Rita Koegel Scott E. Mann F. Paul Mooring Barbara J. Potts Bart Selman Thomas F. Koetzle T. E. Manning Howard L. Morgan George M. Powell Christopher Seo Candace Kohl Scott L. Manske Corey Morris Matt Powers Charles E. Seth Leland S. Kollmorgen Mark Markham James Mossman Rao Prabhala Abdulalim Shabazz Steven Elliot Koonin Steven Markman Cherry A. Murray Howard Preston Robert E. Shafer Ed Koretzky Robert C. Marlay Kevin Murray Gerald Price Saleem Basha Shaik Fae L. Korsmo David Marlowe Michael Mustillo Joseph Pufahl Douglas R. Shanklin Maria Kovacs T. J. Marlowe S. E. Myers Derek L. Pursey Rajeev Sharma Edward Krapels John Mascitelli Martin S. Nachbar Jim Putnam David H. Sharp Edward A. Kravitz John Mason Nasif Nahle Kedar D. Pyatt Kambiz Shekdar Chuck Krenzin Poppi Massey Joel Nance William Raduchel John Shigeoka Anton O. Kris Richard Massey A. Narath Stephen C. Ragatz Michael S. Shumate Karl Krueger Michael Alan Masters Charles E. Needham Habib Rahman Robert Paul Siemann Robert E. Krueger Edward S. Matalka Maureen Neitz James Rantschler Willys Silvers E. F. Labuda Kathleen Shive Matthews Priscilla Nelson Barry J. Ratzkin Bruce Simonson Gordon Lamb Donald R. Mattison Tim Nenno John Rawson Colin Sims Joseph Gordon Lambert John Maunsell Richard S. Nicholson Robert Reddick Jeffrey Sledge Andrew Lane Brill F. Maurrasse Michelle Nicolle Daniel A. Reed L. J. Sloss Gerald Laubach Michael M. May Richard K. Niles David P. Reed Sally Slowman Christophe Laudamiel Laura M. McMurry Thor Nilsen David Reed Bernard Smith Jeff Lawrence R. F. McAllister Mark Nockleby Jack W. Reed Ellen Smith John Lawrence Juliana McAshan Jacques Nor John S. Reed Geoffrey Smith Gerald LeBoff Thomas A. McCabe Edward Oates D. P. Reedy Lewis G. Smith Jacob Lebowitz PatrIcia McCaffrey Don R. O’Brien James C. Register Linda C. Smith Deborah Lee James J. McCarthy John O'Connor George Reid Scott Smith Charles Lenzmeier Matthew McCauley Peter O'Donnell, Jr. Robert Reynolds Scott J. Smith Alan I. Leshner Roger McClellan Ryan O’Donnell Edward K. Rice Steven W. Smith Richard A. Lethin Michael McCormick Lee Oeth Robert C. Richardson J. W. Smoller Howard Leventhal Patrick McCoy Paxson H. Offield Manuel Rivera Dale R. Snider Alan E. Leviton Heather McGahee P. O'Keefe Robert R. Robbin Jonathan Sohnis Jerrold Levy William McIvor Ynez Viole O'Neill A. R. Robinson John Solters Larry Lewis Francis P. McManamon Rebecca Oorthuys Kirk Robinson Judson Somerville Michael Lewis Christine McMaster-Sander William Osborn Jose R. Romero H. Sox

*Deceased 31 Michael Spafford David K. Watkins Canon U.S.A., Inc. Lockheed Martin American Dental Mary C. St. John Jeff Watson Carnegie Institution Corporation Association David Staal Dallas E. Weaver for Science Longbow, L.L.C American Geological Barbara H. Stanton John David Weinland Celera Corporation Margaret and Ross Institute Jonathan Starr Warren B. Weisberg Charles Valentine Riley Macdonald Charitable American Geophysical Richard L. Steiner Thomas E. Wellems Memorial Foundation Fund of Triangle Union Deborah L. Stenkamp David Wentroble The Commonwealth Fund Community Foundation American Institute of Julius J. Stern Ralph Wharton The Community The Marc Haas Physics John H. Stewart Mark White Foundation of Louisville Foundation American Mathematical Shepard B. Stone Garnett Whitehurst Depository, Inc. Merck & Co., Inc. Society Robert L. Stout Jay M. Wiedemann CVS Caremark Mertz Gilmore Foundation American Meteorological Arnold F. Strother Edward Wiese The Dana Foundation Missouri Technology Society S. D. Stroupe Bruce Wiggins The David and Lucile Corporation American Neurological Jerome J. Suran Dara Wilber Packard Foundation Microsoft Giving Association Bernard T Svihel James D. Willett EducationCounsel, LLC Campaign American Nuclear Society G. Swanson Billy Myles Williams Elsevier Moore Family Foundation American Petroleum Robert Swanson Clinton Williams Emjayco Lp The Morning Star Institute Spencer Swift D. J. Williams Endowment for the Company American Physical Society Roy C. Swingle Douglas Williams Neurosciences Nassau Chemical American Physiological Chandrashekar Tamirisa Marlan Willis Eppendorf AG Corporation Society Joy Tartar Melissa S. Willis Evidentia Engineering, Inc. Neutrogena Corporation American Psychological Jean E. Taylor Christopher B. Wilson Ewing Marion Kauffman Nuclear Threat Initiative Association Susan Taymans Darryl Wilson Foundation Oak Foundation American Psychological Michael L. Telson Isaac J. Winograd Fannie Mae Foundation Occidental of Elk Hills Society Robin Tennant Colburn David Woodley Forney Family Foundation Non Unit American Society of Gregory Tetrault Mary Woolley Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P. Open Society Institute Agronomy Glenn E. Thomas Bruce W. Worster GE Healthcare Oregon Public American Society of William A. Thomas S. Courtenay Wright GlaxoSmithKline Broadcasting Anesthesiologists Eric J. Thorgerson Matthew Yaeger The Glickenhaus Pfizer Foundation American Society of Civil Jeremy W. Thorner Jim Yahnke Foundation Matching Gifts Program Engineers David C. Tiemeier Yung Tsai Yen Global Access Telecom Pfizer, Inc. American Society of James A. Tilley David E. Young Golden Family Foundation The Pittsburgh Heating, Refrigerating James G. Timourian Oliver Yun Greenwall Foundation Foundation and Air-Conditioning L. Tobacman Jerrold H. Zar Groundwater Services, Inc. P&G Beauty Engineers, Inc. Thomas J. Toffoli Maja Zecevic Hamill Family Foundation Rathmann Family American Society of A. V. Tollestrup Charles Zegar Hearthstone Foundation Foundation Mechanical Engineers John Tompkins Robert Ziff The Heinz Endowments Research Foundation of American Society for David Toorchen Angelo Zisimopoulos Hewlett-Packard Company The City University of Microbiology Jill O'Donnell-Tormey James J. Zuiches Foundation New York American Society of Plant Brian Totty Arnold Zwicky Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Richard Lounsbery Biologists Robert W. Touchberry IBM Foundation American Veterinary Frank Trainer Corporations and Intel Foundation Science Channel Medical Association Clifford P. Tsuboi Foundations The Irving S. Screenscope, Inc. Argonne National Brenda Tucker 3M Company & Alwyn N. Johnson The Seattle Foundation Laboratory Kenan Turnacioglu Acumen Scientific Family Foundation Subaru of America, Inc. Child Neurology Society Stephen R. Turner The Adam J. Weissman The John D. and Catherine Torrey Revocable Crop Science Society Daniel Tutas Foundation T. MacArthur Foundation Living Trust of America Adrian Tymes Affymetrix, Inc. John D. Evans Foundation University Corporation for District of Columbia William Upton Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Johnson & Johnson Atmospheric Research Office of the State Kirsten Vadheim AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Verizon Foundation Superintendent of Pablo Valenzuela Pharmaceuticals LP Research & Yomega Education Wim Van Schooten The Baldwin Family Trust Development, LLC Young’s Associates European Commission Joseph Vanderhorst The Baltimore Family Fund The Kavli Foundation DG Research G. Edward Vates Bernard Lewis Charitable Kilpatrick Stockton LLP Other Euroscience Open Forum Lydia Villa-Komaroff Foundation The Kodosky Foundation Organizations Federation of Animal Charles Waldren Bigeleisen Living Trust Kokopelli’s Back, P.C. American Academy of Science Societies Kelly Walker Boehringer Ingelheim L’Oréal USA Neurology The Geological Society of Matthew Walker GmbH Lampl-Herbert American Ceramics America Robert Walsh Bracken Associates, L.L.C. Consultants, Inc. Society The George Washington J. G. Ward Brookes Family Trust Leo L. Beranek American Chemical University Warren M. Washington Burroughs Wellcome Fund Foundation Society Harvard University

32 Howard Hughes Medical National Aeronautics and RDI Royalty Distributors, U.S. Department of University of Illinois Institute Space Administration Inc. Education at Chicago Indiana University National Center for Rice University U.S. Department of Energy University of Illinois Institute of Electrical and Scientific and Technical Society for Industrial and U.S. Department of Health at Urbana-Champaign Electronics Engineers— Information Applied Mathematics and Human Services University of Kansas United States of America National Institute on Society for Research in U.S. Department of University of Kansas The Institute of Navigation Alcohol Abuse and Child Development Homeland Security Medical Center Research King Abdulaziz City for Alcoholism Soil Science Society of U.S. Department of Institute, Inc. Science and Technology National Institutes of America the Interior University of MichIgan King Abdullah University of Health South Dakota U.S. Department of the University of Oklahoma Science and Technology National Oceanic and Department of Tourism Navy (Naval Air Systems Health Science Center Louisiana State University Atmospheric and State Development Command) University of Vermont Maine Technology Institute Administration South Dakota School U.S. Department of State University of Washington Materials Research Society National Science of Mines and Technology U.S. Environmental Washington Statistical The Minerals, Metals, and Foundation Spie Protection Agency Society Materials Society Northwestern University U.S. Agency for University of Arkansas Women in Engineering NASA Goddard Space Flight NOVA International Development for Medical Sciences Proactive Network Center Oak Ridge Associated U.S. Department of University of Chicago National Action Council for Universities Agriculture University of Florida Minorities in Engineering Optical Society of America U.S. Department of Defense

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33 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information

Board of Directors 2008-2009 AAAS Management Association Information Chair Chief Executive Officer Association Headquarters David Baltimore and Executive Publisher, Science American Association for the California Institute of Technology Alan I. Leshner Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW President Chief Financial and Administrative Washington, DC 20005 USA James J. McCarthy Officer Tel: 202-326-6400 Harvard University Phillip Blair AAAS Annual Meeting President-Elect Center for Science, Technology, and Dates: 18-22 February 2010 Peter Agre Security Policy Location: San Diego, California Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Norman P. Neureiter, Director www.aaas.org/meetings Institute Find an archive of past meetings. Development Office Treasurer Juli Staiano, Director AAAS Centers David E. Shaw www.aaas.org/programs/centers D. E. Shaw Research Education and Human Resources Supporting science and engineering Shirley M. Malcom, Director AAAS Chief Executive Officer capacity, careers, public engage- Alan I. Leshner Executive Office Affairs ment, policy, science and diplomacy, Gretchen Seiler, Director and more. Other Members: Electronic Resources Lynn W. Enquist Finance and Administration Princeton University Colleen Struss, Director of Finance AAAS and Chief Legal Officer www.aaas.org Susan M. Fitzpatrick Find breaking AAAS news and The James S. McDonnell Foundation Human Resources Alison French, Director membership information. Alice Gast Science Lehigh University International Office Vaughan Turekian, Chief www.sciencemag.org Linda P.B. Katehi International Officer Search the journal’s news and University of Illinois, research archives. Urbana-Champaign Office of Public Programs (2009 — University of California- Ginger Pinholster, Director Science Careers Davis) www.sciencecareers.org Office of Publishing and Member Look for career advice, how-to Nancy Knowlton Services information, and more. National Museum of Natural History, Beth Rosner, Director and Publisher, Science Smithsonian Institution EurekAlert! www.eurekalert.org Cherry A. Murray Project 2061 Lawrence Livermore National Jo Ellen Roseman, Director Read breaking research news in Laboratory (2009 — Harvard multiple languages. Science and Policy Programs University) Albert H. Teich, Director Make a Gift Thomas D. Pollard www.aaas.org/makeagift Science Editorial Yale University Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief Invest in AAAS—donate online. Monica Bradford, Executive Editor This report is based on content Join AAAS written by various members of the Science News www.aaas.org/join AAAS Office of Public Programs Colin Norman, News Editor Advance science, serve society, staff during 2008. and read Science, too.

35 San Diego AAAS Annual Meeting • 18–22 February 2010 Bridging Science and Society The Annual Meeting is globally one of the most widely recognized interdisciplinary scientific events, with hundreds of networking opportunities and broad national and international media coverage. An exceptional array of speakers will gather at the AAAS Annual Meeting to address the hottest areas of science, technology, engineering, education, and policy-making.

The meeting’s theme—Bridging Science and Society—is a call to action that resonates around the world. U.S. President Barack Obama articulated a global mandate in his inaugural address:

“We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. All this we will do.”

Attendees will have the opportunity to choose among a broad range of activities, including plenary and topical lectures by some of the world’s leading scientists and engineers, multidisciplinary symposia, cutting-edge seminars, career development workshops, and an international exhibition. SAVE THE DATE SAVE

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