Syrian Arab Republic
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Syria SITREP Map 07
Syria Situation Report: February 7 - 21, 2018 1a-b February 10: Israel and Iran Initiate Largest Confrontation Over Syria Since 6 February 9 - 15: Turkey Creates Two Additional Observation Points in Idlib Start of the Syrian Civil War: Israel intercepted and destroyed an Iranian drone that violated Province: The Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) established two new observation points near its airspace over the Golan Heights. Israel later conducted airstrikes targeting the drone’s control the towns of Tal Tuqan and Surman in Eastern Idlib Province on February 9 and February vehicle at the T4 Airbase in Eastern Homs Province. Syrian Surface-to-Air Missile Systems (SAMS) 15, respectively. The TSK also reportedly scouted the Taftanaz Airbase north of Idlib City as engaged the returning aircraft and successfully shot down an Israeli F-16 over Northern Israel. The well as the Wadi Deif Military Base near Khan Sheikhoun in Southern Idlib Province. Turkey incident marked the first such combat loss for the Israeli Air Force since the 1982 Lebanon War. established a similar observation post at Al-Eis in Southern Aleppo Province on February 5. Israel in response conducted airstrikes targeting at least a dozen targets near Damascus including The Russian Armed Forces later deployed a contingent of military police to the regime-held at least four military positions operated by Iran in Syria. town of Hadher opposite Al-Eis in Southern Aleppo Province on February 14. 2 February 17 - 20: Pro-Regime Forces Set Qamishli 7 February 18: Ahrar Conditions for Major Offensive in Eastern a-Sham Merges with Key Ghouta: Pro-regime forces intensified a campaign 9 Islamist Group in Northern of airstrikes and artillery shelling targeting the 8 Syria: Salafi-Jihadist group Ahrar opposition-held Eastern Ghouta suburbs of Al-Hasakah a-Sham merged with Islamist group Damascus, killing at least 250 civilians. -
REGIONAL ANALYSIS SYRIA Received Little Or No Humanitarian Assistance in More Than 10 Months
currently estimated to be living in hard to reach or besieged areas, having REGIONAL ANALYSIS SYRIA received little or no humanitarian assistance in more than 10 months. 07 February 2014 Humanitarian conditions in Yarmouk camp continued to worsen with 70 reported deaths in the last 4 months due to the shortage of food and medical supplies. Local negotiations succeeded in facilitating limited amounts of humanitarian Part I – Syria assistance to besieged areas, including Yarmouk, Modamiyet Elsham and Content Part I Barzeh neighbourhoods in Damascus although the aid provided was deeply This Regional Analysis of the Syria conflict (RAS) is an update of the December RAS and seeks to Overview inadequate. How to use the RAS? bring together information from all sources in the The spread of polio remains a major concern. Since first confirmed in October region and provide holistic analysis of the overall Possible developments Syria crisis. In addition, this report highlights the Map - Latest developments 2013, a total of 93 polio cases have been reported; the most recent case in Al key humanitarian developments in 2013. While Key events 2013 Hasakeh in January. In January 2014 1.2 million children across Aleppo, Al Part I focuses on the situation within Syria, Part II Information gaps and data limitations Hasakeh, Ar-Raqqa, Deir-ez-Zor, Hama, Idleb and Lattakia were vaccinated covers the impact of the crisis on neighbouring Operational constraints achieving an estimated 88% coverage. The overall health situation is one of the countries. More information on how to use this Humanitarian profile document can be found on page 2. -
Weekly Conflict Summary | 3 – 9 June 2019
WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 WHOLE OF SYRIA SUMMARY • NORTHWEST | Government forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb pocket. HTS and other opposition groups conducted a counter attack focused on Tal Mallah. Attacks were also recorded in the Turkish-controlled Euphrates Shield and Olive Branch Areas. • SOUTH & CENTRAL | In addition to low-level attacks against government- aligned personnel in the south, ISIS claimed to have conducted an attack on the Nimr – Gherbet Khazalah Road this week, the first since 2018. ISIS activity against government patrols was also recorded in central areas of the country. In Rastan town, in northern Homs Governorate, anti- government graffiti appeared. • NORTHEAST | Routine small arms fire and improvised explosive device (IED) activity against Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and their allies continued despite large-scale security operations in previous weeks. Further north, an IED attack occurred in Hassakeh City. Figure 1: Dominant Actors’ Area of Control and Influence in Syria as of 9 June 2019. NSOAG stands for Non-state Organized Armed Groups. For more explanation on our mapping, please see the footnote on page 2. Page 1 of 7 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 NORTHWEST SYRIA1 This week, Government of Syria (GOS) forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb enclave. On 3 June, GOS Tiger Forces captured al Qasabieyh town to the north of Kafr Nabuda, before turning west and taking Qurutiyah village a day later. Currently, fighting is concentrated around Qirouta village. However, late on 5 June, HTS and the Turkish-Backed National Liberation Front (NLF) launched a major counter offensive south of Kurnaz town after an IED detonated at a fortified government location. -
Syrian Arab Republic
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC | Overview | UNHCR’s presence | 2013 Number of offices 5 Total personnel 367 Operational highlights International staff 32 National staff 153 z Despite escalating violence coordinating the international throughout the Syrian Arab humanitarian response, notably Others 182 Republic (Syria), UNHCR leading the inter-agency response assisted internally displaced in two sectors: protection/ people (IDPs) by expanding its community services and shelter/ presence in key locations and non-food items (NFIs). enhancing its logistical capacity to reach IDPs with core relief items z To protect IDPs, refugees and assistance for survivors of sexual (CRIs) in all 14 governorates. asylum-seekers, UNHCR focused and gender-based violence (SGBV) Close to 3.4 million IDPs were particularly on community- and capacity building. assisted with CRIs by UNHCR based initiatives. It worked to and its partners, including across expand and empower a network z With the near-collapse of basic front lines and in dif cult-to- of local organizations capable services in parts of the country, access areas, with additional of delivering humanitarian the organization enabled more items which were provided for the assistance and services to the than 991,000 IDPs to access harsh winter season. most vulnerable. Overall, nearly primary health care, outreach 173,600 people of concern services, medicine, medical z As one of the largest bene tted from activities that equipment and devices, mental humanitarian agencies in Syria, ranged from child protection, health and psychological support, UNHCR played a key role in counselling on documentation, and gain awareness of health | UNHCR Global Report 2013 • Syrian Arab Republic • 1 | issues. -
132484385.Pdf
MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU VENÄJÄN OPERAATIO SYYRIASSA – TARKASTELU VENÄJÄN ILMAVOIMIEN KYVYSTÄ TUKEA MAAOPERAATIOTA Diplomityö Kapteeni Valtteri Riehunkangas Yleisesikuntaupseerikurssi 58 Maasotalinja Heinäkuu 2017 MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU Kurssi Linja Yleisesikuntaupseerikurssi 58 Maasotalinja Tekijä Kapteeni Valtteri Riehunkangas Tutkielman nimi VENÄJÄN OPERAATIO SYYRIASSA – TARKASTELU VENÄJÄN ILMAVOI- MIEN KYVYSTÄ TUKEA MAAOPERAATIOTA Oppiaine johon työ liittyy Säilytyspaikka Operaatiotaito ja taktiikka MPKK:n kurssikirjasto Aika Heinäkuu 2017 Tekstisivuja 137 Liitesivuja 132 TIIVISTELMÄ Venäjä suoritti lokakuussa 2015 sotilaallisen intervention Syyriaan. Venäjä tukee Presi- dentti Bašar al-Assadin hallintoa taistelussa kapinallisia ja Isisiä vastaan. Vuoden 2008 Georgian sodan jälkeen Venäjän asevoimissa aloitettiin reformi sen suorituskyvyn paran- tamiseksi. Syyrian intervention aikaan useat näistä uusista suorituskyvyistä ovat käytössä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Venäjän ilmavoimien kyky tukea maaoperaatiota. Tutkimus toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena. Tapauksina työssä olivat kolme Syyrian halli- tuksen toteuttamaa operaatiota, joita Venäjä suorituskyvyillään tuki. Venäjän interventiosta ei ollut saatavilla opinnäytetöitä tai kirjallisuutta. Tästä johtuen tutkimuksessa käytettiin lähdemateriaalina sosiaaliseen mediaan tuotettua aineistoa sekä uutisartikkeleita. Koska sosiaalisen median käyttäjien luotettavuutta oli vaikea arvioida, tutkimuksessa käytettiin videoiden ja kuvien geopaikannusta (geolocation, geolokaatio), joka -
Monthly Every 2 Months Yearly
Syrian Arab Republic: Coverage of Main Multisectoral Assessments and Timeline (April 2015) Al-Malikeyyeh Al-Malikeyyeh Turkey Turkey Quamishli Quamishli Jarablus Jarablus Ras Al Ain Ras Al Ain Afrin Ain Al Arab Afrin Ain Al Arab Azaz Tell Abiad Azaz Tell Abiad Al-Hasakeh Al Bab Al-Hasakeh Al Bab Al-Hasakeh Al-Hasakeh Harim Harim Jebel Saman Ar-Raqqa Jebel Saman Ar-Raqqa Menbij Menbij Aleppo Aleppo Ar-Raqqa Idleb Ar-Raqqa Idleb Jisr-Ash-Shugur Jisr-Ash-Shugur As-Safira Ariha As-Safira Lattakia Ariha Ath-Thawrah Lattakia Ath-Thawrah Al-Haffa Idleb Al-Haffa Idleb Deir-ez-Zor Al Mara Deir-ez-Zor Al-Qardaha Al Mara Al-Qardaha As-Suqaylabiyah Deir-ez-Zor Lattakia As-Suqaylabiyah Deir-ez-Zor Lattakia Jablah Jablah Muhradah Muhradah As-Salamiyeh As-Salamiyeh Hama Hama Banyas Banyas Hama Sheikh Badr Masyaf Hama Sheikh Badr Masyaf Tartous Tartous Dreikish Al Mayadin Dreikish Ar-Rastan Al Mayadin Ar-Rastan Tartous TartousSafita Al Makhrim Safita Al Makhrim Tall Kalakh Tall Kalakh Homs Syrian Arab Republic Homs Syrian Arab Republic Al-Qusayr Al-Qusayr Abu Kamal Abu Kamal Tadmor Tadmor Homs Homs Lebanon Lebanon An Nabk An Nabk Yabroud Yabroud Al Qutayfah Al Qutayfah Az-Zabdani Az-Zabdani At Tall At Tall Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Damascus Damascus Darayya Darayya Duma Duma Qatana Qatana Rural Damascus Rural Damascus IraqIraq IraqIraq Quneitra As-Sanamayn Quneitra As-Sanamayn Dar'a Quneitra Dar'a Quneitra Shahba Shahba Al Fiq Izra Al Fiq Izra As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida Dara Jordan AREA OF ORIGIN Dara Jordan -
UK Home Office
Country Policy and Information Note Syria: the Syrian Civil War Version 4.0 August 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the Introduction section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis and assessment of COI and other evidence; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment of, in general, whether one or more of the following applies: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x The general humanitarian situation is so severe as to breach Article 15(b) of European Council Directive 2004/83/EC (the Qualification Directive) / Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iii) of the Immigration Rules x The security situation presents a real risk to a civilian’s life or person such that it would breach Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iv) of the Immigration Rules x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x A claim is likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. -
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Deprivatio of Existence The use of Disguised Legalization as a Policy to Seize Property by Successive Governments of Syria A special report sheds light on discrimination projects aiming at radical demographic changes in areas historically populated by Kurds Acknowledgment and Gratitude The present report is the result of a joint cooperation that extended from 2018’s second half until August 2020, and it could not have been produced without the invaluable assistance of witnesses and victims who had the courage to provide us with official doc- uments proving ownership of their seized property. This report is to be added to researches, books, articles and efforts made to address the subject therein over the past decades, by Syrian/Kurdish human rights organizations, Deprivatio of Existence individuals, male and female researchers and parties of the Kurdish movement in Syria. Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) would like to thank all researchers who contributed to documenting and recording testimonies together with the editors who worked hard to produce this first edition, which is open for amendments and updates if new credible information is made available. To give feedback or send corrections or any additional documents supporting any part of this report, please contact us on [email protected] About Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ) STJ started as a humble project to tell the stories of Syrians experiencing enforced disap- pearances and torture, it grew into an established organization committed to unveiling human rights violations of all sorts committed by all parties to the conflict. Convinced that the diversity that has historically defined Syria is a wealth, our team of researchers and volunteers works with dedication at uncovering human rights violations committed in Syria, regardless of their perpetrator and victims, in order to promote inclusiveness and ensure that all Syrians are represented, and their rights fulfilled. -
Institutional Adaptation to Environmental Change
Institutional Adaptation to Environmental Change Leander Heldring∗ Robert C. Alleny Mattia C. Bertazziniz November 2019 JOB MARKET PAPER. LATEST VERSION HERE Abstract In this paper we show that states form to overcome the adverse effects of environmental change. In a panel dataset of settlement, state formation, and public good provision in southern Iraq between 5000BCE and today, we estimate the effect of a series of river shifts. We hypothesize that a river shift creates a collective action problem in communally organizing irrigation, and creates demand for a state. We show four main results. First, a river shift negatively affects settlement density, and therefore incen- tivizes canal irrigation. Second, a river shift leads to state formation, centralization of existing states, and the construction of administrative buildings. Third, these states raise taxes, and build canals to replace river irrigation. Finally, where canals are built, river shifts no longer negatively affect settlement. Our results support a social contract theory of state formation: citizens faced with a collective action problem exchange resources and autonomy for public good provision. Keywords: Environmental Change, States, Collective Action, Iraq. JEL classification: O10, O13, H70, Q5. ∗Job market candidate. Institute on Behavior & Inequality (briq), Schaumburg-Lippe-Strasse 5-9 53113 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.leanderheldring.com. yFaculty of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Marina District, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. E-mail: [email protected]. zDepartment of Economics and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, 10 Manor Road, OX1 3UQ Oxford, United Kingdom. E- mail: [email protected]. -
SYRIA Mvam Bulletin 29: September 2018
SYRIA mVAM Bulletin 29: September 2018 Households across hard-to-reach areas of Syria report a deterioration of food consumption Key points In September 2018, food consumption across Syria deteriorated due to an increase in households across hard-to-reach areas of Homs and Hama, Rural Damascus and Aleppo reporting inadequate food consumption. More than one in four Syrians reported inadequate food consumption in September and an average of seven percent of households had poor food consumption with a diet lacking important micro and macro nutrients. While the number of households applying at least one coping mechanism increased slightly in September, the rCSI dropped due to lower reported severity of the adopted coping mechanisms. © WFP/Marwa Awad Situation update Figure 1: Sample household characteristics On 4 September, intensified military operations in Idleb affected Jisr ash-Shugur and Mhambel in the western countryside while shelling was reported in the northern countryside of Hama. The following week airstrikes intensified in southern Idleb and northern Hama governorates, leading to significant displacements within Idleb. 1,285 Male: 90% Female: 10% Since the Government of Syria regained control of the south-western areas of Syria in late-July 2018, interviews Idleb governorate and the surrounding areas of western Aleppo and north western Hama remain some of the last opposition-held areas in Syria. Around three million people are estimated to live in this area, 98 percent of which are civilians while 10,000 individuals are classified as terrorists by the UN. Half (1.4 million) are IDPs with nowhere else to flee, having already fled from conflict and violence in other 43 years IDP: 32% governorates of Syria or already being displaced within Idleb governorate. -
National Programme for Food Security in the Syrian Arab Republic
National Programme for Food Security in the Syrian Arab Republic Damascus, August 2010 National Programme for Food Security in the Syrian Arab Republic Acknowledgment The formulation of the National Programme for Food Security in Syria (NPFS) was carried out by a National Team under the coordination of the National Agricultural Policy Center (NAPC) and was funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO.)AO The formulation team consisted of the following: Steering Committee, Programme Coordinator, Formulation Committee, Translation Team, National Multidisciplinary Team, and individual consultants. The Steering Committee (SC) is chaired by H.E Dr. Nabi Rasheed Mohamad, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, and is composed of 14 representatives from related Ministries and Directorates. The coordinator of the programme is Mr. Atieh El Hindi, Diretor, NAPC. The Formulation Committee members consists of Mr. Haitham Al Ashkar, Deputy Director-Studies, NAPC and Mr. Usama Al Saadi, Info-Com Division Chief, NAPC. The Translation Team members consists of Mrs. Nawal Nehme, Mr. Hassan Al Mojahed, and Mr. Mahmoud Babili. The National Multidisciplinary Team was composed of six working groups for the NPFS implementation. The Groups include: (i) Safety Nets, headed by Dr. Akram Al-Khouri; (ii) Water Management, headed by Mr. Hussein Makhlouf; (iii) Household Food Security, Livelihood and Nutrition, headed by Mr. Mohamed Zain Al-Din and Dr. Majd Ayoub; (iv) Rural and Agricultural Institutions, headed by Mr. Mohamed Khazma; (v) Crops and Agricultural Production of Small Farmers, headed Mr. Hassan Katana; and (vi) Livestock Production of Small Farmers, headed by Dr. Mohamed Rabie Murstani. -
Syrian Arab Republic
MEDLIHER - Mediterranean Living Heritage Contribution to implementing the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Mediterranean partner States NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF SAFEGUARDING INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (MEDLIHER Project – Phase I) Original document: English MEDLIHER – Phase I Assessment of the State of Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Syrian Arab Republic Prepared under the responsibility of the Syrian Ministry of Culture Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 3 Part A Legislative, Regulatory and Other Measures Available for the Implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage .................................................... 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 A.1 Institutional capacities for safeguarding ICH .......................................................................... 6 A.1.a Bodies involved in safeguarding ......................................................................................... 6 A.1.b Training Institutions............................................................................................................ 7 A.1.c Documentation Institutions ..............................................................................................