18 February 2013

Significant Tree Listings

24. Moore Park and Paddington

24.01 Oatley Road Reserve

Address: Historical Notes Oatley Road, These specimens possibly date from the early Inter-War period Paddington (c.1915-1940) possibly as a commemorative plantation and Ownership Type: are visually part of the mixed exotic palm collection in Victoria Park Barracks and Oxford Street Reserve (refer to listings in this Owner/ Controlling Authority: Register). City of Sydney Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Description c. 1920's? Oatley Road Reserve is a narrow parcel of public open space within the road reserve along the western side of Oatley Street Scheduled Significant Trees and adjoining the eastern boundary to Victoria Barracks. The reserve retains a small group of three tall Washington Palms (18- Qty Species Common Name 20 metres clear trunk height). 3 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm Statement of Significance The reserve, including the sandstone terrace walls, is significant as an integral component of the Victoria Barracks Group and is scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012, but with minimal detail.

The palms provide dramatic, vertical accent in the streetscape and are considered to have group significance at the local level in terms of visual and historic and potentially commemorative values. The American Cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) and other trees in Oatley Street, date from the post war period as evidenced by the lack of planting in the street in 1943 aerial photos, apart from the scheduled palms towards Oxford Street.

Figure 24.1.1 – The Washington Palms

24.02 Oxford Street Reserve

Address: Historical Notes Oxford Street adjacent Victoria Barracks, Victoria Barracks Group includes various sandstone Colonial Paddington Regency and Colonial Georgian style buildings and later Ownership Type: additions. The buildings together with the perimeter sandstone Park walls, entrance gates, parade grounds, and site landscaping are Owner/ Controlling Authority: significant heritage items and listed in the City of Sydney Local City of Sydney Environmental Plan 2012. Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) c. 1860 The history of the Barracks began in 1836 when it was decided to move the barracks from George Street in the centre of the Scheduled Significant Trees city to the current "sandy rock strewn site". (Aust. Council of National Trusts 1982). Work commenced in 1841 with the Qty Species Common Name barracks completed in 1848. Australian forces took over the 2 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig site in 1871. Historic photos of the site show numerous fig trees adorning the parade ground infront of the main barracks building 2 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm in 1870 and 1885. These trees, although young appear well established and suggest planting of figs around the site occurred 2 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm very soon after completion of the buildings in 1850-1860. Most 11 Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda of the larger Moreton Bay Figs therefore would date from this period. The sizes of the figs along Oxford Street in 1943 aerials would also support this. The very large Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) in the lower western end of the reserve, opposite the Oxford Street/ Glenmore Road intersection (site of the Old South Head Road toll gate) would appear to be the oldest tree on the site and may even pre-date the Barracks although this is unconfirmed.

Most of the other planting is typical of the early Inter-War period (c.1915-1940). This group is visually part of a larger collection in the Victoria Barracks and Oatley Road Reserve (refer to listings in this Register). The reserve also contains a mixed row plantation of Jacarandas (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and Outeniqua Yellow-wood (Afrocarpus falcatus) which appear to date from an early Post-War (1940s to 1960s) period as they are not evident in 1943 photos.

Description Oxford Street Reserve is a narrow lineal parcel of public open space bordering Oxford Street and the northern boundary to Victoria Barracks (between the Old Paddington Town Hall and Greens Road).

A massive Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is located in the lower western end of the reserve, opposite the Oxford Street/ Glenmore Road intersection (site of the Old South Head Road toll gate). This specimen (24 metres in height/ 30 metres canopy spread/ 2.5m diameter base) is amongst the largest examples of this species in the City of Sydney LGA. Moreover, it is part Figure 24.2.1 – The Moreton Bay Fig opposite Glenmore Road of an historic group of Moreton Bay Figs in this location (two

other similar sized specimens are inside the high sandstone boundary wall of the Victoria Barracks). One of these specimens is particularly evocative of the rainforest with self-sown Elkhorns (Platycerium bifurcatum), a native bracket-epiphyte, high in the branches. Another smaller Moreton Bay Fig is located near the entrance to Victoria Barracks.

At the upper eastern end of the reserve, adjacent to the Old Paddington Town Hall, the area surrounding the War Memorial has a small group of two Washington Palms (Washingtonia robusta) (18-20 metres clear trunk height) and a Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis) (12 metres clear trunk height).

Statement of Significance The reserve is significant as an integral component of the Victoria Barracks Group and retains a valuable collection of significant trees and palms dating from the mid-nineteenth century and Inter-War period (c.1915-1940). Some of the figs are Figure 24.2.2 – The Washington Palms and Canary Island Date arguably some of the oldest figs in Sydney which, like the Figs Palm on Observatory Hill date from the 1860's and are therefore over 150 years old.

Together, the collection of trees are of individual and group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of their visual, historic and social values.

Figure 24.2.3 – The Canary Island Date Palm and Jacarandas

24.03 Martin Road

Address: specimen. It is clearly evident as a very mature tree in the 1943 Martin Road (corner reserve adjacent Anzac Parade), aerial photos of the area. Moore Park Ownership Type: Description Street This Live Oak (Quercus virginiana), located within a contiguous Owner/ Controlling Authority: strip of parkland bordering Martin Road and Anzac Parade, is City of Sydney part of a much larger mixed collection of trees planted within Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) the Centennial Parkland precinct. The tree has an exceptionally c. 1890's large lateral branching pattern which extends over the entire corner reserve and partially over the roadway. Scheduled Significant Trees Although only approximately 14-15m in height it has a prodigious Qty Species Common Name spread of 30m, with a trunk diameter of 2.5m at 1.0m above 1 Quercus virginiana Live Oak ground level. This tree appears to be in reasonable health and vigour, with dense canopy.

Historical Notes Statement of Significance The species is considered to be quite uncommon (Innes, I., This Oak makes a significant contribution to the aesthetic and 2005). The tree is similar in appearance to the common Holm visual character of this parkland and streetscape. It is further Oak (Q. ilex) and has a relatively rapid growth rate with some significant in terms of its historic, social, representative and specimens in the United States achieving dramatic proportions rarity values. It adjoins an informal row plantation of five Port over a relatively short time period. It is believed that this Live Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens) of similar age and Oak dates from the late nineteenth or early twentieth century Inter-War period street tree planting of Crows Ash (Flindersia pre war period and appears to have been planted as a single australis).

Figure 24.3.1 – The Live Oak viewed from Martin Road

24.04 Napier Street

Address: Description Napier Street, The figs are located in a rather narrow street bordered by Paddington terraces. The canopies of these figs create a more or less Ownership Type: contiguous, lineal corridor and tunnel effect over the roadway Street and adjoining terraces. There have been several removals in the Owner/ Controlling Authority: street as a result of damage to adjoining properties. City of Sydney Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Statement of Significance c. 1950 This avenue of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) creates one of the more memorable single species street Scheduled Significant Trees tree groups in the City of Sydney LGA. Although there are no individually significant specimens, these figs have local group Qty Species Common Name significance in terms of their visual and social values. Ficus microcarpa var. 20 Hills Weeping Fig hillii There are relatively few examples of the mature, single species avenue within the City of Sydney LGA. Moreover, this thematic Historical Notes planting style is carried through to Selwyn Street, further enhancing the aesthetic character of this neighbourhood (refer No street tree planting is evident in either Napier or Selwyn to listing in this Register). The figs are proposed to be replaced Streets in the 1943 aerial photographs of Sydney, although as they decline with a slightly smaller street tree but one with the adjoining terraces date from mid to late 1800's. The Hills similar broad leaf evergreen character being the Weeping Lilly Fig planting possibly dates from the early Post War period Pilly (Waterhousea floribunda). (1945 to 1960s) with additional successive phases of infill and replacement planting.

Figure 24.4.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs of Napier Street

24.05 Selwyn Street

Address: Description Selwyn Street, The figs are located in a rather narrow street bordered by Paddington terraces. The canopies of these figs create a more or less Ownership Type: contiguous, lineal corridor and tunnel effect over the roadway Street and adjoining terraces. There have been several removals in the Owner/ Controlling Authority: street as a result of damage to adjoining properties. City of Sydney Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) This avenue of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) is c. 1950 part of a larger contiguous group merging with generally younger fig planting in Napier Street (refer to listing in this Register). This Scheduled Significant Trees group in Selwyn Street forms a longer avenue extending from the street closure adjoining Napier Street to Josephson Street. Qty Species Common Name Ficus microcarpa var. 21 Hills Weeping Fig Statement of Significance hillii This avenue of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) creates one of the more memorable single species street tree groups in the City of Sydney LGA. Although there are no Historical Notes individually significant specimens, these figs have local group No street tree planting is evident in either Napier or Selwyn significance in terms of their visual and social values. Streets in the 1943 aerial photographs of Sydney, although the adjoining terraces date from mid to late 1800's. The Hills There are relatively few examples of the mature, single species Fig planting possibly dates from the early Post War period avenue within the City of Sydney LGA. Moreover, this thematic (1945 to 1960s) with additional successive phases of infill and planting style is carried through to Napier Street, further replacement planting. enhancing the aesthetic character of this neighbourhood (refer to listing in this Register). The figs are proposed to be replaced as they decline with a slightly smaller street tree but one with similar broad leaf evergreen character being the Weeping Lilly Pilly (Waterhousea floribunda).

This group contains some other mixed component species such as Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia). These additions are likely to be a result of replacement and infill planting since the late 1970s period. These Paperbarks are not consistent with the overall thematic approach and are considered to be neutral to intrusive elements.

Figure 24.5.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs of Selwyn Street

24.06 Sydney Boys High School & Sydney Girls High School Historical Notes Address: In 1879, the newly formed Zoological Society of NSW acquired 7 Cleveland Street & Anzac Parade, acres in Moore Park in a location known as “Billy Goat Swamp” Moore Park for the purposes of establishing a Zoological Garden. The site Ownership Type: was enlarged to 12 acres in 1881 and the zoological collection Govt/Institution/Other housed at the Botanic Gardens was relocated to Moore Park in Owner/ Controlling Authority: 1883. The zoo was opened in 1884. It was enlarged again to Department of Education 15 acres in 1905 but was finally moved to its current location in Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Mosman in 1916 (Development Master Plan Taronga Zoo, Public c. 1880-1890's Works Dept. of NSW, 1989).

Scheduled Significant Trees Description The Sydney Boys High School and Sydney Girls High School Qty Species Common Name are located between Cleveland Street and Anzac Parade, Moore 16 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Park. They share a common boundary and a remnant collection of significant trees which are associated with the former site 3 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig (including the bear pit) of the Moore Park Zoological Gardens.

7 Washingtonia filifera American Cotton Palm The site contains an extraordinary range of botanical specimens, 6 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm arranged in a very eclectic style, typical of the late Victorian and Edwardian periods. The broad range of specimens, particularly 1 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm the native rainforest components, the massive figs and emergent Araucaria spp., the exotic palms (Phoenix spp. and Washingtonia Queensland Lacebark 1 Brachychiton discolour spp.) and mixed deciduous and evergreen Oaks (Quercus Castanospermum spp.) have associations with Charles Moore and J H Maiden 1 Blackbean australe (Directors, Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens). The native rainforest 1 Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany components include Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla), 1 Platanus x acerifolia London Plane 1 Schinus areira Peppercorn Tree 1 Quercus robur English Oak 2 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 1 Grevillea robusta Silky Oak

Figure 24.6.1 – The Moreton Bay Figs fronting Anzac Parade

Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), Silky Oak Group C - north-east area adjacent Anzac Parade. (Grevillea robusta), Blackbean (Castanospermum australe), and The upper north-eastern portion of Sydney Boys High School Cabbage Palms (Livistona australis). contains (11) specimens planted as individuals and a row of the native Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla). These are Group A - Stadium area and carpark. all substantial trees (up to 22 metres in height/ 25-35 metres This portion of Sydney Boys High School contains (1) Moreton in canopy spread and up to 3.5m base diameter). These figs Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) and (1) American Cotton Palm are visually part of the broader Moore Park and Anzac Parade (Washingtonia filifera) collection.

Group B - Lower gardens / north-eastern boundary Group D - Sydney Girls High (west of Doreen Wane Building and This part of the site contains (1) Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix courtyards near Cleveland Street) canariensis), (4) American Cotton Palms (Washingtonia filifera) Two other specimen Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. and (4) Washington Palms (Washingtonia robusta), (1) London glabrescens), located in the grounds of Sydney Girls High Plane (Platanus acerifolia), (1) English Oak (Quercus robur), (1) School are of similar scale and impact (16-20 metres in height/ Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), (1) Silky Oak 20-28 metres canopy spread and 1.8-2.5m diameter bases). The (Grevillea robusta), (1) Blackbean (Castanospermum australe), mixed palm collection also includes some outstanding specimen (1) Peppercorn Tree (Schinus areira) and (1) Swamp Mahogany (2) American Cotton Palms (Washingtonia filifera) and (2) (Eucalyptus robusta). Washington Palms (Washingtonia robusta). One of the American

Figure 24.6.2 – Moore Park Zoological Gardens in 1912 (Source: State Library of NSW – Small Pictures Files (Sydney – Parks and Gardens)

Cotton Palms is a curious botanical specimen. It must have been damaged while young and has grown into a curious ‘L-shape’ with a massive arching trunk. There are also (4) Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and (1) Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterphylla) in this area.

Group E - Sydney Girls High (South-east corner) This area contains (1) Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterphylla) and (1) Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta).

Statement of Significance The Sydney Boys High School Group, Sydney Girls High School Group and Zoological Remnants Conservation Area are scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012. A photograph taken in 1912 from the top of a set of curved steps (linking to Anzac Parade) shows the establishing gardens. Many of the garden elements shown in the photograph are still present on the site and form an important part of the existing collection of significant trees. These elements include the curved steps, an immature London Plane (right foreground – now an impressive tree) and mixed palms including Washingtonia spp. and Phoenix spp. (centre right and background) (Refer to Figure 24.6.2). Figure 24.6.3 – The Swamp Mahogany

Figure 24.6.4 – The American Cotton Palms Figure 24.6.5 – The English Oak together with some of the Washington Palms

24.07 Victoria Barracks

Address: Historical Notes Oxford Street, Victoria Barracks Group includes various sandstone Colonial Paddington Regency and Colonial Georgian style buildings and later Ownership Type: additions, perimeter sandstone walls, entrance gates, parade Govt/Institution/Other grounds, and site with landscaping that are significant heritage Owner/ Controlling Authority: items and listed in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan Commonwealth of Australia 2012. Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) c. 1860 The history of the Barracks began in 1836 when it was decided to move the barracks from George Street in the centre of the city Scheduled Significant Trees to the current "sandy rock strewn site". (Aust. Council of National Trusts 1982). Work commenced in 1841 with the barracks Qty Species Common Name completed in 1848. Australian forces took over the site in 1871. 4 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Historic photos of the site show numerous fig trees adorning the parade ground infront of the main barracks building in 1870 and 4 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine 1885. These trees, although young appear well established and Castanospermum suggest planting of figs around the site occurred very soon after 12 Blackbean australe completion of the buildings in 1850-1860. Pines (possibly Norfolk Island Pines) and figs (Moreton Bay Figs) are recorded from this 25 Lophostemon confertus Brush Box period. The sizes of the figs observed in 1943 aerials would also 20 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm support this.

Figure 24.7.1 – The impressive stature of one of the Moreton Bay Figs and Norfolk Island Pines opposite the main entry

The large specimen Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) Description and Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) near the entrance Most of the trees are all in fair to good condition. The most visually may date from this earliest period. In addition, the two massive prominent Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrphylla) is approximatley Moreton Bay Fig specimens located in the north-western corner 18-20m in height with an impressive spread of 30-35m and trunk may also be from this earliest period (part of a group of three diameter of 3.5-4.0m above the root buttresses. figs – see Oxford Street Reserve). Avenues of the Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and Canary The collection of Blackbean (Castanospermum australe) along Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) are more modest in the northern boundary (including a formal row plantation) is size but create a distinctive landscape feature. The Brush Box a highly significant group. These trees date to the Post War (Lophostemon confertus) are typically 14-16m in height with period as they are not present in the 1943 aerial photos. This a spread of 10-12m and a trunk diameter at 1.4m above the ornamental native rainforest species was often used as a single ground of 0.6-1.0m. The Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix component of larger mixed planting schemes but rarely as a canariensis) have clear trunk heights between 6-8m. single row plantation. Statement of Significance It is believed that following realignment of the central roadway Victoria Barracks Group is scheduled in the City of Sydney Local in 1912, two separate formal row plantations of differing species Environmental Plan 2012 and are classified by the National Trust were planted using Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and of Australia (NSW). This highly significant historic site was the Canary Island Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis). Both of these former Soldiers Barracks and Parade Ground dating from the species were used extensively during the Inter-War period 1840s. The Group includes sandstone Colonial regency and (c.1915-1940). The 1943 aerial photo of the site would support Colonial Georgian style buildings and later additions, including this period planting as they are both evident as young plantings perimeter sandstone walls and entrance gates. British garrison at this time. regiments were stationed at Victoria Barracks until 1870. During the twentieth century’s two World Wars and other conflicts the site continued to be used as army headquarters for NSW (Australian Heritage Places Inventory).

The formal open space layout and landscape features are integral components of the site. The scheduled collection of trees and palms are considered to have group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of its aesthetic, historic, social values.

Figure 24.7.2 – The row planting of Blackbeans Figure 24.7.3 – The row planting of Brush Box and Canary Island Date Palms

24.08 Centennial Parklands - Lang Road & Federation Way Historical Notes Address: This formal mixed avenue along Federation Way on the southern Lang Road & Federation Way, side of Lang Road and adjacent to the Royal Agricultural Society Moore Park Showground was originally designed as the grand entrance drive Ownership Type: to Centennial Park. Centennial Park, Moore Park and Queens Govt/Institution/Other Park are listed on the State Heritage Register and Centennial Owner/ Controlling Authority: Parklands is also listed on the Register of the National Estate. Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) The Centenial Park & Moore Park Trust consider the group to c. 1890's be “highly significant forming part of a designated landscape setting and contributing to the late-Victorian Gardenesque Scheduled Significant Trees landscape character typical of the Public Parks movement” (Innes, I., correspondence with City of Sydney, 2005). It is Qty Species Common Name assumed this area was planted in the early 1890's at a similar 24 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig time to the original construction and planting of the Grand Drive in Centennial Park. A mixed age multi-rowed avenue is clearly Ficus rubiginosa f. 24 Port Jackson Fig evident in the 1943 aerial photos with many of the trees of well rubiginosa established proportion and interplanted with much smaller and Ficus rubiginosa f. 32 Port Jackson Fig younger specimens which appear to be infill plantings, probably glabrescens undertaken as a result of earlier failures and tee removals. 47 Quercus ilex Holm Oak 12 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine

Figure 24.8.1 – The multiple row and mixed species planting of Federation Way looking west

Description In addition to the row plantations of figs, a group of Norfolk The plantation is parallel to Lang Road and consists of a series of Island Pines (Araucaria heterophylla) occurs near the southern six rows forming a more or less contiguous avenue of mixed tree boundary fence to Federation Way. Some of these pines are species with interlocking canopies. The layout includes a double up to 30 metres+ in height and would be amongst the larger row – single row –single row – double row (adjacent to fenceline) examples of this species in the City of Sydney LGA (excluding which line two separate pedestrian pathways. Although creating the Sydney Botanic Gardens). a formal geometric pattern in the landscape, the planting remains informal in the spacing and species mix which includes three Numerous younger specimens are noted within the plantation typical dominant broadleaf evergreen species – Moreton Bay and have been included in the scheduled items as they are Figs (Ficus macrophylla), Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa considered to be appropriate and considered continuations of f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) and Holm Oaks (Quercus ilex). the original planting theme and species.

Most of these trees are relatively small in stature within the 8-12 Statement of Significance metre height range and 10-16 metres in canopy diameter. Many This is the most complex and intact formal plantation style layout of these trees appear to be in fair to poor condition. The Holm in the City of Sydney LGA and provides an outstanding visual Oaks display a pattern of premature senescence with extensive and aesthetic continuity, linking the public open space of Moore adventitious growth along the main branches. Infill planting has Park to Centennial Park. occurred at various stages to replace failed trees. Some of the figs however have achieved substantial proportions and scale This combined group consisting of fig/ oak avenue and pine up to 22 metres in height and 30 metres in canopy diameter. The accents are believed to be significant at the City/ LGA level largest specimen figs occur along the Anzac Parade frontage in terms of its visual, social, historic and landmark values. near Federation Place. Furthermore, some of the Norfolk Island Pines and Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) are significant as individual specimens within the context of the City of Sydney LGA.

Figure 24.8.2 – The multiple row and mixed species planting of Federation Way looking east

24.09 Centennial Parklands - Moore Park Golf Course Historical Notes Address: Centennial Parklands, covering an area of more than 360 South Dowling St, Anzac Pde and Dacey Ave (inc. Mt Steele) hectares, is comprised of three major parks – Centennial Moore Park Park, Moore Park and Queens Park. In 1811, 1000 acres of Ownership Type: land was set aside by Governor Lachlan Macquarie as the Govt/Institution/Other Second Sydney Common, an area which included the Lachlan Owner/ Controlling Authority: Swamps (later linked via Busby’s Bore to provide Sydney’s water Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust supply 1837-1886). In 1866, an area of 378 acres [approx. 149 Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) hectares] of the Sydney Common was dedicated by Sydney c. 1890's City Council as parkland for public recreation to address the needs of a growing population. It was named Moore Park after Scheduled Significant Trees Charles Moore, Mayor of Sydney (1867-1869) and Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens (1848-1896). In 1888, Sir Henry Parkes Qty Species Common Name officially opened Centennial Park which marked the centenary of the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26th January 36 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig 1788. Centennial Park was again the focus for celebrations on Ficus rubiginosa f. 2 Port Jackson Fig 1st January 1901 for the proclamation of the Commonwealth of rubiginosa Australia (inauguration of Federation) and the uniting of the six 1 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine Australian colonies.

6 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm Since 1991, the Centennial Park and Moore Park Trust (CP&MPT) has been responsible for the integrated management of these parks, including Moore Park Public Golf Course and Driving Range, the sports fields, tennis and netball courts and other leisure facilities. The management of Centennial Parklands is guided by a suite of planning documents, including the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) which has been endorsed by the NSW Heritage Council. A detailed study of natural, Indigenous and cultural heritage significance has been prepared in the CMP. Only the portion of Centennial Parklands within the City of Sydney LGA boundary is covered in this Register. This area is described as the Moore Park precinct. Assistance in preparing the 2005 listings was provided by the Centennial Park and Moore Park Trust Director of Park Assets, Ian Innes and the Senior Arborist, Ted Hoare. The NSW Heritage Inventory, Conservation Management Plan (Conybeare Morrison International, In collaboration, 2004) and Centennial Parklands Tree Master Plan (CONTEXT Landscape Design, In collaboration, 2000) were also referenced in the preparation of this Register.

During the latter part of the nineteenth century, Moore Park continued to grow in importance as a focus for public recreation, entertainment and major sporting events. The first known polo game in Australia was played at Moore Park in 1874. In 1879, an initial land grant was established for the development of Moore Park Zoological Gardens, which were opened in 1884 (refer to Sydney Boys High School & Sydney Girls High School listing in this Register). The Royal Agricultural Society (RAS) Figure 24.9.3 – One of the Moreton Bay Figs

Showground opened in 1882 and expanded into part of the Rifle Charles Moore’s vision for these parklands, the streetscapes Range in 1886. A nine-hole golf course known as the Moore Park and public recreational spaces together with the work of Joseph Municipal Golf Links opened in 1913. This was later expanded Maiden (Director, Sydney Botanic Gardens 1896-1924), James to include 18-holes in 1922 and become the Moore Park Golf Jones (Head Gardener/ Overseer 1887-89) and William Forsyth Course. The development of a broad range of recreational and have created a lasting legacy for the people of Sydney. The entertainment facilities has continued up to the present day. Victorian period public planting schemes have matured to produce landscapes which are dominated by massive native The Moore Park precinct now includes Moore Park, Moore figs, particularly the Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) and Park Public Golf Course and Driving Range, ES Marks Athletics Port Jackson Fig (F. rubiginosa). These species have been used Field, Centennial Parklands Equestrian Centre, Fox Studios predominantly in row plantations along the boundaries to the Australia (former RAS showground site – on lease from the parkland. Rather than establishing a lineal, formal layout of rigid Trust), Aussie Stadium and Sydney Cricket Ground. This area spacings, these trees were set-out informally in the landscape. contains an outstanding collection of significant trees. These They are arranged in a more naturalistic way, stepping backwards trees are important historic and cultural landscape elements and forwards along the boundaries, merging and overlapping defining the public spaces – the parkland, pedestrian pathways, with other planted elements and notable specimens. These heritage listed buildings and road precincts. At a group level, the rows include some other species, including the Deciduous precinct’s significant trees are considered to be one of the City Fig (Ficus superba var. henneana), Small-leaved Fig (Ficus of Sydney’s most important collections in terms of the special obliqua) and exotics, particularly the hardy Holm Oak (Quercus combination of aesthetic, visual, scientific, botanic, historic, ilex). Essentially, the large, broadly spreading, evergreen figs social and commemorative values. Within this group level, there remained the tree of choice in these schemes – the quintessential are the dominant row plantations as well as a range of smaller elements in these boundary plantations. This approach can be clusters and groupings. Within these groups, there are a large seen throughout Moore Park. number of individual specimens believed to have significance at both the local and broader City of Sydney LGA levels.

Figure 24.9.2 – The characteristic informal group planting of Figs

Description The Moore Park Golf Course Clubhouse and car parking area are located on a prominent rise, known as Mt Steele and Mt Rennie. The Clubhouse car parking area and adjoining northern and north-western slope, south of Cleveland Street, contains a large informal group of thirty-one native figs dating from the late-Victorian period. These trees form a visually significant grouping in the Moore Park landscape and are dominated by Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla). They merge with other fig plantations along Cleveland Street to provide a landscape of high aesthetic quality and continuity. Most of these figs range between 12-20 metres in height and up to 25 metres in canopy diameter with variable basal diameters of 0.7-2.0m. The majority of figs appear to be in fair condition. Some individuals are in poor condition. The group includes a single remnant Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla).

The eastern side of the Clubhouse has a formal single row plantation of six Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) dating from the late Inter-War period. These palms appear to be in good condition. They are an important component of the cultural landscape associated with this period of development. This area also contains a single Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) from an earlier phase of planting. Most of the boundaries and roughs of Moore Park Golf Course have been embellished with successive layering of mixed tree species since the Post- War period, particularly during the Post-War period. The major Figure 24.9.2 – A Norfolk Island Pine amongst the Figs species include Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii), Lombardy Poplars (Populus nigra var. Italica), American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla), Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa), Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) and Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia). Most of these trees are considered to be supportive components within the broader Moore Park landscape.

Statement of Significance Centennial Parklands is scheduled on the State Heritage Register as an urban parkland of State significance. Some historic elements, such as Busby’s Bore (Lachlan Tunnel) are scheduled on the Register of the National Estate. With respect to this Register, the parkland demonstrates an evolution and overlaying of landscape and garden styles ranging from the English landscape school, the Picturesque, Gardenesque, Inter- War period (c.1915-1940) and Post-War period (1940s-1960s). Figure 24.9.3 – The prominent Canary Island Date Palms flanking the eastern side of the club house

24.10 Centennial Parklands - South Dowling Street Historical Notes These palms appear to be remnants of previous development, Address: separate to the Golf Course that was evident in the 1943 aerial South Dowling Street (adjacent to Moore Park Golf Course), photos of the area. Its history, use and purpose are unknown Moore Park but a formal avenue in approximately the same position can be Ownership Type: seen, and could be young palm planting. Govt/Institution/Other Owner/ Controlling Authority: Description Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust These tall exotic palms, ranging from 15-20 metres in height Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) (clear trunk) form a memorable, single species grouping. They c. 1920's are of significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of their visual, aesthetic, historic and social values. The group would be one of Scheduled Significant Trees the largest historic clusters of this palm species within the City of Sydney (excluding the Domain/ Sydney Botanic Gardens). Qty Species Common Name These palms are located in a prominent position beside a busy 11 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm roadway and have landmark qualities. Washington Palms, a hardy, drought tolerant species from northern Mexico, have been used extensively throughout the City of Sydney since the latter part of the nineteenth century, particularly during the Inter- War period (c.1915-1940). These palms are likely to date from the Inter-War period and are an important component species within the City’s public parkland and private gardens. This group of palms are reminiscent of the older street tree plantations of Los Angeles, albeit on a much smaller scale.

The adjoining single Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) may date from the early twentieth century. It is not a particularly large specimen. Together with a more recent row plantation of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii), these figs are important contextual elements (15-16 metres in height) but are not considered to have individual or group significance.

Statement of Significance This double row of eleven Washington Palms (Washingtonia robusta), located on an elevated grass verge adjacent to South Dowling Street (immediately north of Potter Street), is a part of the broader planting associated with Moore Park Golf Course. The palms are located within the boundaries of the Moore Park Conservation Area, a recognised area of historic and cultural landscape significance scheduled in the City of Sydney Draft Local Environmental Plan 2011.

Figure 24.10.1 – The avenue of Washington Palms as seen from South Dowling Street

24.11 Centennial Park - Cleveland Street

Address: Historical Notes Cleveland Street between Anzac Parade and South Dowling Centennial Parklands, covering an area of more than 360 Street, hectares, is comprised of three major parks – Centennial Moore Park Park, Moore Park and Queens Park. In 1811, 1000 acres of Ownership Type: land was set aside by Governor Lachlan Macquarie as the Govt/Institution/Other Second Sydney Common, an area which included the Lachlan Owner/ Controlling Authority: Swamps (later linked via Busby’s Bore to provide Sydney’s water Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust supply 1837-1886). In 1866, an area of 378 acres [approx. 149 Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) hectares] of the Sydney Common was dedicated by Sydney c. 1879 City Council as parkland for public recreation to address the needs of a growing population. It was named Moore Park after Scheduled Significant Trees Charles Moore, Mayor of Sydney (1867-1869) and Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens (1848-1896). In 1888, Sir Henry Parkes Qty Species Common Name officially opened Centennial Park which marked the centenary 29 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig of the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26th January 1788. Centennial Park was again the focus for celebrations on Ficus rubiginosa f. 10 Port Jackson Fig 1st January 1901 for the proclamation of the Commonwealth of glabrescens Australia (inauguration of Federation) and the uniting of the six Australian colonies.

During the latter part of the nineteenth century, Moore Park continued to grow in importance as a focus for public recreation, entertainment and major sporting events. The first known polo

Figure 24.11.1 – The mixed avenue of Figs lining Cleveland Street and defining the perimeter of Moore Park, looking east

game in Australia was played at Moore Park in 1874. In 1879, The figs along this portion of Cleveland Street likely to date from an initial land grant was established for the development of 1879 when Cleveland Street was extended as far as Randwick Moore Park Zoological Gardens, which were opened in 1884 Road, now known as Anzac Parade. (Centennial Parkland CMP (refer to Sydney Boys High School & Sydney Girls High School 2001) listing in this Register). The Royal Agricultural Society (RAS) Showground opened in 1882 and expanded into part of the Rifle Description Range in 1886. A nine-hole golf course known as the Moore Park The southern side of Cleveland Street, opposite Sydney Boys Municipal Golf Links opened in 1913. This was later expanded High School and Sydney Girls High School, contains twenty- to include 18-holes in 1922 and become the Moore Park Golf nine Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and ten Port Jackson Course. The development of a broad range of recreational and Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens). All of the Port Jackson entertainment facilities has continued up to the present day. Figs in this group are glabrous leaf form. The individual trees are highly variable ranging from 8-20 metres in height, 10-30 The Moore Park precinct now includes Moore Park, Moore Park metres in canopy spread and 0.7-2.5m basal diameters. The Public Golf Course and Driving Range, ES Marks Athletics Field, trees appear to be in generally fair condition and have previously Centennial Parklands Equestrian Centre, Fox Studios Australia suffered with high levels of fig psyllid damage, extensive pruning (former RAS showground site – on lease from the Trust), Aussie and crown die-back in some instances. Stadium and Sydney Cricket Ground. This area contains an outstanding collection of significant trees. These trees are A further five Moreton Bay Figs and two Port Jackson Figs of important historic and cultural landscape elements defining the similar age structure and scale line the boundary to Sydney Boys public spaces – the parkland, pedestrian pathways, heritage High School and Sydney Girls High School. listed buildings and road precincts. At a group level, the precinct’s significant trees are considered to be one of the City of Sydney’s Statement of Significance most important collections in terms of the special combination of The southern side of Cleveland Street, opposite Sydney aesthetic, visual, scientific, botanic, cultural, historic, social and Boys High School and Sydney Girls High School, contains an commemorative values. Within this group level, there are the important informally arranged mixed avenue of Moreton Bay dominant row plantations as well as a range of smaller clusters Figs (Ficus macrophylla) dating from 1879 and Port Jackson and groupings. Within these groups, there are a large number of Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens). individual specimens believed to have significance at both the local and broader City of Sydney LGA levels. These trees are associated with other significant individual and group planting, including emergent Araucarias and mixed Charles Moore’s vision for these parklands, the streetscapes palm species dating from the late-Victorian period (refer to other and public recreational spaces together with the work of Joseph listings in this Register). These fig plantations are an integral Maiden (Director, Sydney Botanic Gardens 1896-1924), James component of the broader Moore Park landscape and make Jones (Head Gardener/ Overseer 1887-89) and William Forsyth significant contribution to the streetscape. They have group have created a lasting legacy for the people of Sydney. The significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of their aesthetic, Victorian period public planting schemes have matured to historic, and social values. produce landscapes which are dominated by massive native figs, particularly the Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson Fig (F. rubiginosa). These species have been used predominantly in row plantations along the boundaries to the parkland. Rather than establishing a lineal, formal layout of rigid spacings, these trees were set-out informally in the landscape. They are arranged in a more naturalistic way, stepping backwards and forwards along the boundaries, merging and overlapping with other planted elements and notable specimens. Essentially, the large, broadly spreading, evergreen figs remained the tree of choice in these schemes – the quintessential elements in these boundary plantations. This approach can be seen throughout Moore Park.

24.12 Centennial Park - Moore Park / Anzac Parade Historical Notes Address: Centennial Parklands, covering an area of more than 360 Anzac Parade (Drivers Triangle to Dacey Ave), hectares, is comprised of three major parks – Centennial Moore Park Park, Moore Park and Queens Park. In 1811, 1000 acres of Ownership Type: land was set aside by Governor Lachlan Macquarie as the Govt/Institution/Other Second Sydney Common, an area which included the Lachlan Owner/ Controlling Authority: Swamps (later linked via Busby’s Bore to provide Sydney’s water Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust supply 1837-1886). In 1866, an area of 378 acres [approx. 149 Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) hectares] of the Sydney Common was dedicated by Sydney c. 1868-1917 City Council as parkland for public recreation to address the needs of a growing population. It was named Moore Park after Scheduled Significant Trees Charles Moore, Mayor of Sydney (1867-1869) and Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens (1848-1896). In 1888, Sir Henry Parkes Qty Species Common Name officially opened Centennial Park which marked the centenary 86 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig of the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26th January 1788. Centennial Park was again the focus for celebrations on Ficus rubiginosa f. 17 Port Jackson Fig 1st January 1901 for the proclamation of the Commonwealth of glabrescens Australia (inauguration of Federation) and the uniting of the six Ficus rubiginosa f. 2 Port Jackson Fig Australian colonies. rubiginosa 4 Ficus obliqua Small-leaved Fig During the latter part of the nineteenth century, Moore Park continued to grow in importance as a focus for public recreation, Ficus superba var. 2 Deciduous Fig entertainment and major sporting events. The first known polo henneana game in Australia was played at Moore Park in 1874. In 1879, 1 Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine an initial land grant was established for the development of

Figure 24.12.1 – One of the grandest avenues in Sydney, the mixed Figs lining Anzac Parade looking south from near Moore Park Road

Figure 24.12.2 – A view from the intersection of Moore Park Road and Fitzroy Street looking south along Anzac Parade circa 1875 clearly illustrating the initial avenue of Norfolk Island Pines and Figs in rows behind (Source: State Library of NSW - American & Australasian Photographic Company series - Call No. ON 4 Box 55 No 222)

Figure 24.12.3 – Moore Park in 1943 illustrating the mature and establishing avenues of Figs and other late 19th century planting associated with Federation Way, Clevland Street, Driver Avenue and Anzac Parade (Source: Lands Department Six Viewer)

Moore Park Zoological Gardens, which were opened in 1884 Charles Moore’s vision for these parklands, the streetscapes (refer to Sydney Boys High School & Sydney Girls High School and public recreational spaces together with the work of Joseph listing in this Register). The Royal Agricultural Society (RAS) Maiden (Director, Sydney Botanic Gardens 1896-1924), James Showground opened in 1882 and expanded into part of the Rifle Jones (Head Gardener/ Overseer 1887-89) and William Forsyth Range in 1886. A nine-hole golf course known as the Moore Park have created a lasting legacy for the people of Sydney. The Municipal Golf Links opened in 1913. This was later expanded Victorian period public planting schemes have matured to to include 18-holes in 1922 and become the Moore Park Golf produce landscapes which are dominated by massive native Course. The development of a broad range of recreational and figs, particularly the Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) and entertainment facilities has continued up to the present day. Port Jackson Fig (F. rubiginosa). These species have been used predominantly in row plantations along the boundaries The Moore Park precinct now includes Moore Park, Moore Park to the parkland. Essentially, the large, broadly spreading, Public Golf Course and Driving Range, ES Marks Athletics Field, evergreen figs remained the tree of choice in these schemes – Centennial Parklands Equestrian Centre, Fox Studios Australia the quintessential elements in these boundary plantations. This (former RAS showground site – on lease from the Trust), Aussie approach can be seen throughout Moore Park and particularly Stadium and Sydney Cricket Ground. This area contains an along Anzac Parade. outstanding collection of significant trees. These trees are important historic and cultural landscape elements defining the The figs along this portion of Anzac Parade date from c.1868 public spaces – the parkland, pedestrian pathways, heritage when Botany Road, renamed Randwick Road, and now known listed buildings and road precincts. At a group level, the precinct’s as Anzac Parade was planted. It was originally planted with a significant trees are considered to be one of the City of Sydney’s double row of Norfolk island Pines with an outer row of alternating most important collections in terms of the special combination of Moreton Bay Figs and Monterey Pines. In 1917 the road was aesthetic, visual, scientific, botanic, cultural, historic, social and widened and the failed Monterey Pines were replaced with Port commemorative values. Within this group level, there are the Jackson Figs. After WWI the road was named Anzac Parade, dominant row plantations as well as a range of smaller clusters as Sydney's most important boulevarde, to commemorate the and groupings. Within these groups, there are a large number of Anzac troops (Centennial Parkland CMP 2001). individual specimens believed to have significance at both the local and broader City of Sydney LGA levels.

Figure 24.12.4 – The Figs lining Anzac Parade, looking north from Lang Road

Description large proportions for this taxon, particularly within this context. These massive figs standing up to 20-22 metres in height Generally, Moreton Bay Figs are much larger and they tend to and 22-25 metres in canopy spread create a dramatic scale suppress this species in the row plantations. The specimens and sense of place to this precinct. There are some notable of Small-leaved Fig are approximately 18 metres in height, 24 specimens which are significant in terms of botanical and rarity metres canopy spread and 1.3m diameter base – larger than any value. The Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) numerically of the Moreton Bay Figs in this group. dominate the row plantations and are of varying size and scale. The row plantation along the western side of Anzac Parade The scheduled items in this group do not include those already ranges between 10-22 metres in height and up to 22 metres in covered in other listing such as Moore Park Golf Course, Sydney canopy spread. This row also contains four Port Jackson Figs Boys High School and Cleveland Street and Cleveland Street, (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), some of which have achieved some of which also contribute to this streetscape and historic relatively large proportions (up to 22 metres in height and canopy landscape precinct. diameter). Statement of Significance Of particular note, is the occurrence of some relatively uncommon The mixed fig avenue along Anzac Parade present an extremely native fig species in this row plantation. These include four historic and culturally significant group of trees dating from specimens of the Small-leaved Fig (Ficus obliqua) and two the late-Victorian period. Collectively, these figs have group Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba var. henneana). Both species significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of their aesthetic, occur sporadically across the LGA as minor components within historic, commemorative and social values. It represents one of broader fig planting schemes dating from this late-Victorian the most iconic and significant avenue plantings in the Sydney period. One of the Small-leaved Figs has achieved unusually metropolitan area.

Figure 24.12.5 – The Moreton Bay Figs and Hoop Pine in the now isolated group on the northern side of Fitzroy Street looking frm South Dowling Street

24.13 Centennial Park - Moore Park Rd, Driver Ave & Kippax Lake Historical Notes Address: Centennial Parklands, covering an area of more than 360 Moore Park Rd, Driver Ave & Kippax Lake, hectares, is comprised of three major parks – Centennial Moore Park Park, Moore Park and Queens Park. In 1811, 1000 acres of Ownership Type: land was set aside by Governor Lachlan Macquarie as the Govt/Institution/Other Second Sydney Common, an area which included the Lachlan Owner/ Controlling Authority: Swamps (later linked via Busby’s Bore to provide Sydney’s water Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust supply 1837-1886). In 1866, an area of 378 acres [approx. 149 Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) hectares] of the Sydney Common was dedicated by Sydney c. 1890-1900 City Council as parkland for public recreation to address the needs of a growing population. It was named Moore Park after Scheduled Significant Trees Charles Moore, Mayor of Sydney (1867-1869) and Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens (1848-1896). In 1888, Sir Henry Parkes Qty Species Common Name officially opened Centennial Park which marked the centenary Ficus rubiginosa f. of the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26th January 27 Port Jackson Fig glabrescens 1788. Centennial Park was again the focus for celebrations on 1st January 1901 for the proclamation of the Commonwealth of 19 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Australia (inauguration of Federation) and the uniting of the six 34 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm Australian colonies.

1 Phoenix rupicola Cliff Date Palm During the latter part of the nineteenth century, Moore Park Ficus microcarpa var. continued to grow in importance as a focus for public recreation, 18 Hills Weeping Fig hillii entertainment and major sporting events. The first known polo game in Australia was played at Moore Park in 1874. In 1879,

Figure 24.13.1 – The corner of Driver Ave and Lang Road 1930 illustrating the recent panting of Hill's Weeping Figs (Source: CoS Photo Archives)

an initial land grant was established for the development of aesthetic, visual, scientific, botanic, cultural, historic, social and Moore Park Zoological Gardens, which were opened in 1884 commemorative values. Within this group level, there are the (refer to Sydney Boys High School & Sydney Girls High School dominant row plantations as well as a range of smaller clusters listing in this Register). The Royal Agricultural Society (RAS) and groupings. Within these groups, there are a large number of Showground opened in 1882 and expanded into part of the Rifle individual specimens believed to have significance at both the Range in 1886. A nine-hole golf course known as the Moore Park local and broader City of Sydney LGA levels. Municipal Golf Links opened in 1913. This was later expanded to include 18-holes in 1922 and become the Moore Park Golf Charles Moore’s vision for these parklands, the streetscapes Course. The development of a broad range of recreational and and public recreational spaces together with the work of Joseph entertainment facilities has continued up to the present day. Maiden (Director, Sydney Botanic Gardens 1896-1924), James Jones (Head Gardener/ Overseer 1887-89) and William Forsyth The Moore Park precinct now includes Moore Park, Moore Park have created a lasting legacy for the people of Sydney. The Public Golf Course and Driving Range, ES Marks Athletics Field, Victorian period public planting schemes have matured to Centennial Parklands Equestrian Centre, Fox Studios Australia produce landscapes which are dominated by massive native (former RAS showground site – on lease from the Trust), Aussie figs, particularly the Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) and Stadium and Sydney Cricket Ground. This area contains an Port Jackson Fig (F. rubiginosa). These species have been used outstanding collection of significant trees. These trees are predominantly in row plantations along the boundaries to the important historic and cultural landscape elements defining the parkland. Rather than establishing a lineal, formal layout of rigid public spaces – the parkland, pedestrian pathways, heritage spacings, these trees were set-out informally in the landscape. listed buildings and road precincts. At a group level, the precinct’s They are arranged in a more naturalistic way, stepping backwards significant trees are considered to be one of the City of Sydney’s and forwards along the boundaries, merging and overlapping most important collections in terms of the special combination of with other planted elements and notable specimens. Essentially, the large, broadly spreading, evergreen figs remained the tree of choice in these schemes – the quintessential elements in these boundary plantations. This approach can be seen throughout Moore Park.

Figure 24.13.2 – A Hill's Weeping Fig along Driver Avenue

Figure 24.13.4 – The Hill's Weeping Figs at the northern end of Driver Avenue

Figure 24.13.2 – The remaining Canary Island Date Palms now interplanted with Queensland Kauri Pines as an ultimate replacement

Figure 24.13.3 – The picturesque setting of Moreton Bay Figs and Port Jackson Figs lining Kippax Lake

This portion of Moore Park contains a number of planting currently untreatable. This avenue planting is being replaced overlays from different periods. The informal groups and row with the Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta).” (Innes, I., planting around Kippax Lake dates from the latter part of the CP&MPT submission to City of Sydney, 12 October 2005). nineteenth century. These trees continue the thematic planting style of the late-Victorian period. A single Moreton Bay Fig also A further six Moreton Bay Figs and two small Port Jackson occurs in Moore Park Road adjacent to the Aussie Stadium Figs occur along Moore Park Road, in the north-western entrance. This is a massive specimen with a dramatic sculptural corner adjoining Anzac Parade. These Moreton Bay Figs range form standing 18 metres in height, 30 metres in diameter with a between 15-20 metres in height and have canopy spreads up to 4.0m diameter base. Although isolated from other similar-aged 18-30 metres in diameter. planting in the parkland, this tree has individual significance at the local level and group significance at the City/ LGA level as an Further planting phases have occurred during the latter part of important component of the Moore Park precinct. the Inter-War period and early Post-War period. These include the row planting of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. A double formal avenue of Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix hillii) along Driver Avenue. These figs range up to 16-18 metres canariensis) are thought to date from 1909 (Centennial Parklands in height with a canopy diameter of 25-30 metres. Some of these Conservation Management Plan, 2003). are reported some of the earliest surviving examples of Hills Weeping Figs outside of the Domain, particularly in the southern Further planting phases have occurred during the latter part of end near the Hordern Pavilion / Lang Road intersection. These the Inter-War period and early Post-War period. These include are very large specimens over 20m in height and 30-35m spread the row plantations of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa and trunk diameters in excess of 1.0m at 1.0m above ground var. hillii) along Driver Avenue. Some of these, particularly in the level. The older specimens in the south are now appearing to be southern end near the Hordern Pavilion/Lang Road intersection, in some decline with noticably thinning canopies. The younger were planted c.1929 are reported to be the earliest surviving specimens towards the middle and northern end of Driver Ave example of Hills Weeping Figs beyond the Sydney Domain are in better condition and of similar size. (which were planted in 1921). Most are visible as small trees in the 1943 aerial photos of the area. These are now some of the Statement of Significance largest trees within this part of the Park. The mixed Fig and Palm planting presents an extremely historic and culturally significant group of trees dating from Description the late-Victorian period. Collectively, these trees have group This collection includes some of the larger examples of Moreton significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of their aesthetic, Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) and Port Jackson Figs (Ficus historic, commemorative and social values. These trees are rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) in the City of Sydney generally supportive of earlier thematic planting and have group LGA. In particular, four specimen Moreton Bay Figs, located on significance at the local level. the northern side of the lake, are of immense proportions and scale. One specimen stands 22 metres in height, 30 metres in canopy spread with a basal diameter of approximately 3m (aerial roots and buttressing extend to 6m in diameter). This would be one of the largest examples of this taxon in the City of Sydney. It has been vandalised and has a large hollow burnt out core in its base.

This area also contains a double formal avenue of Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis). The palms line a central pedestrian pathway linking Driver Avenue to Anzac Parade. They create a memorable avenue averaging 10-18 metres clear trunk height and have group significance at the City/ LGA level as important components of the pre war period. Unfortunately, a number of these palms are in decline “due to the fungal disease Fusarium oxysporum. Some 350 Phoenix sp. have been removed since the 1980s due to Fusarium wilt and it is believed that the remaining trees will also fail due to this fungus that is

24.14 Fox Studios

Address: Historical Notes Centennial Parklands- Moore Park Precinct, The Fox Studios Australia site was host to Sydney’s Royal Easter Moore Park Show - the largest event held in Australia, and the sixth largest in Ownership Type: the world. Since 1869, the Show has opened every year, except Govt/Institution/Other during the Spanish flu in 1919 and between the years of 1942 and Owner/ Controlling Authority: 1946 when, it was, interrupted by World War II. The first Easter Centennial Park & Moore Park Trust Show was held in 1823 and, in 1881, the New South Wales Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Government provided land for the Royal Agricultural Society c. 1910-1938 (RAS) at Moore Park where the show was held for 116 years. In 1998, the Show moved to a new showground at Homebush Scheduled Significant Trees and the former Sydney Showground at Moore Park became the home to Fox Studios Australia. Qty Species Common Name 2 Ficus rubiginosa Common From 1902 to 1919, saw the expansion of the site to the south and from 1920 – 1937, the Moore Park Showground expanded Ficus microcarpa var. 23 Common to the north. The standout features of the complex by this time hillii were the peripheral walls, the Members’ Grandstand clock tower 1 Afrocarpus falcatus Common and the tower of the Anthony Hordern building (now the Banquet Hall). The Government Pavilion, the Commemorative Pavilion, were built after 1938. Trees that line the former cattle-judging ring were planted during this time and add to the wonderful character of the present site although they are not considered particularly good specimens or significant in terms of this register.

Figure 24.14.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs surrounding the Longford Studio

Description single Outeniqua Yellow-wood (Afrocarpus falcatus) dating from Fox Studios Australia contains a number of separate planted the Inter-War period. The trees range in height from 10-16 metres groups and avenues. Much of the planting dates from the Inter- and appear to be in generally only in fair to poor condition. War Period (c.1915-1940) and Post-War period (1940s-1960s) with typical elements including Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus Further mature transplants included thirty-one native Cabbage microcarpa var. hillii) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). Palms (Livistona australis). This species has been sourced The row planting of Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. from naturally occurring stands in the wild (9-10 metres clear hillii) surrounding the Longford Studio are significant in terms of trunk height) and imported to the site during development of combined visual impact and scale. These trees have attained Fox Studios and the Bent Street shopping precinct in early the substantial proportions, typical of this species. Most of the other 2000's. trees tend to be supportive of the historic thematic character of the Showground precinct. Statement of Significance The trees within Fox Studios have group significance at the local ‘Heritage Park’ located within the ‘studio back-lot area’ level with aesthetic, social and historic values and are important incorporates a formal grid layout with translocated mature trees components of the broader Moore Park precinct. from within the former RAS Showground. The tree planting includes a mixed generic palette of species with no cultural or historic context within the thematically re-created ‘Heritage Park’. The group includes two Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa), three Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) and a

Figure 24.14.2 – The mixed translocated specimens in "Heritage Park"

24.15 "Patrick White House" 20 Martin Road

Address: Historical Notes 20 Martin Road, The Patrick White House, originally built in 1913, was designed Centennial Park by prominent Sydney architect, William Nixon in the Federation Ownership Type: bungalow style. It was formerly known as Highbury. The NSW Private Heritage Inventory states that the house and gardens offer a “rare Owner/ Controlling Authority: and remarkably intact record of the writing environment, lifestyle, Private inspiration, tastes, activities and interests of Patrick White at the Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) peak of his career from 1964 until his death in 1990” (Walker, M., c. 1960's 1996). In 1964, Patrick White and Manoly Lascaris moved from Castle Hill to ‘Highbury’ and together were responsible for much Scheduled Significant Trees of the existing garden layouts, landscaping and plant selection. The elevated garden contains a mix of native and exotic species. Qty Species Common Name It is heavily influenced by the Australian native garden style Eucalyptus 1 River Red Gum which gained momentum during the late 1960s-1970s period. camaldulensis 2 Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine Description When Patrick White and Manoly Lascaris moved to Highbury in 1964, the garden was relatively bare. Aerial photos of the site in 1943 would confirm this as very little planting is evident surrounding the house. Existing landscaping included a grassed buffalo front lawn flanking a red cement path, a few small trees in the front garden, a rose garden near the front fence, and trees next door on the double block of No. 22 and 24. White and Lascaris valued a garden and were responsible for establishing the majority of the existing plantings and garden structures. The gum trees and 2 surviving pines were planted by Lascaris and White. The pine trees were grown from 3 seeds collected at Manoly's request by the photographer Laurence Le Guay from three different locations in Rome, and the River Red Gums were sourced from Mr Angles' uncles' property on the Macintyre River, NSW. The plantings reflected Manoly Lascaris interest in attracting the birdlife to the garden.

The gardens contain a large, older specimen River Red Gum (E. camaldulensis) near the entry gate and a smaller tree of the same species on the slope nearby. This tree is of substantial scale and proportions standing 18 metres in height, 12 metres in canopy spread with a 1.2m diameter base. The smaller River Red Gum is likely to be self-sown from the seed of the larger specimen.

The two Aleppo Pines (Pinus halepensis), a small Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis) and other generic natives including Grey Gum (Eucalyptus punctata), Lemon-scented Gum (Corymbia citriodora), Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) and Figure 24.15.1 – A view of the Patrick White House from the Rough-barked Apple (Angophora floribunda) are believed to street with the large River Red Gum (right) and one of the have also been planted by White and Lascaris. These trees Aleppo Pines visible behind, closer to the house would all date from the late 1960s to early 1980s period.

The two Aleppo Pines are believed to have been grown from 3 seeds collected at Lascaris’ request by the photographer Laurence Le Guay from three different locations in Rome (Walker, M., 1996). Together, the component species create an eclectic native and exotic mix of planting which is considered to be of significance at the local level mainly in terms of their associations with Patrick White.

Statement of Significance The residence and grounds at 20 Martin Road, Centennial Park, widely known as the ‘Patrick White House’ (and earlier known as ‘Highbury’), are scheduled on the State Heritage Register as items of outstanding significance due to the association with Patrick White, internationally acclaimed author and Australia’s first and only Nobel Prize Laureate for literature. The house and gardens are also located in the Martin Road Conservation Area. This urban conservation precinct was originally subdivided in 1905 to help fund the development of Centennial Park and is scheduled in City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012. The subdivision is comprised of largely intact, grand residences dating from the Federation and Inter-War periods.

Figure 24.15.2 – Close up view of the River Red Gum and the Aleppo Pine

25. Rosebery

25.01 Crete Reserve

Address: Historical Notes Rosebery Avenue, The land in the area was first granted to William Hutchinson in Rosebery 1823 but it was not until 1912 that the Town Planning Company of Ownership Type: Australia purchased 273 Acres of the Waterloo Estate for 24000 Park pounds and large scale subdivision of the area took place. The Owner/ Controlling Authority: main force behind the subdivision was Richard Stanton who City of Sydney had earlier success with the garden suburb of Haberfield. The Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) varying size of the allotments reflected their intended usage. The c. 1920 larger lots were in the northern part of the subdivision and where the industrial buildings were constructed. The northern industrial Scheduled Significant Trees areas were slow to develop with little development prior to 1924. (State Heritage Register). Qty Species Common Name 2 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Aerial photos of the Reserve dating from 1943 show the two mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) as well established specimens. This would indicate a planting date of some time probably in the late 1920's.

Description Crete Reserve is a small parcel of public open space surrounded by neighbouring residential properties. The Reserve contains two mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla). They are 18m in height with spreads ranging from 20-25m and substantial trunk diamaters of 2.2-2.5m when measured above the root flare. The form, structure, scale, balance and integrity of these landmark figs however has been compromised through relatively recent history of unsympathetic pruning and canopy re-alignment with respect to adjoining neighbouring residential property boundaries.

Statement of Significance The reserve’s two mature Moreton Bay Figs (Ficus macrophylla) are locally significant in terms of aesthetic, historic, social and biodiversity values. It is likely that the trees were part of a commemorative planting scheme, possibly during the early Inter-War period. The figs are visually prominent features in a landscape which is otherwise largely devoid of any substantial or significant tree planting.

Figure 25.1.1 – The eastern Morton Bay Fig

25.02 Turruwul Park

Address: Historical Notes Rothschild Avenue, Harcourt Parade and Primrose Avenue, The land in the area was first granted to William Hutchinson in Rosebery 1823 but it was not until 1912 that the Town Planning Company of Ownership Type: Australia purchased 273 Acres of the Waterloo Estate for 24000 Park pounds and large scale subdivision of the area took place. The Owner/ Controlling Authority: main force behind the subdivision was Richard Stanton who City of Sydney had earlier success with the garden suburb of Haberfield. The Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) varying size of the allotments reflected their intended usage. The c. early 1940's larger lots were in the northern part of the subdivision and where the industrial buildings were constructed. The northern industrial Scheduled Significant Trees areas were slow to develop with little development prior to 1924. (State Heritage Register). Qty Species Common Name Ficus microcarpa var. 5 Hills Weeping Fig This park appears to have evolved with a number of hillii embellishments and additions since the Inter-War period (c.1915 1 Ficus rubiginosa Port Jackson Fig – c.1940) and then later Post-War period (c.1945 – c.1960). Aerial photos from 1943 indicate that an intensive planting was 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig undertaken during either 1942 or 1943. Numerous very small trees of similar age are dotted throughout the park. A few more 1 Populus deltoides American Cottonwood established specimens are evident adjacent to Primrose Ave at this time.

Figure 25.2.1 – One of the Hill's Weeping Figs

Description Statement of Significance Turruwul Park is a relatively level, rectilinear-shaped, local park In combination, the five Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa within a predominantly residential area. Turruwul Park consists of var. hillii) have group significance at the local level in terms a number of disjunctive planted elements which appear to have of aesthetic, historic and social values. Two of these trees been overlayed at varying times in a municipal “Gardenesque” are of particularly large proportions and scale with canopies style. The park lacks the structural elements of the late nineteenth extending to 35 metres in diameter. A mature American century parks which included more consistent thematic palettes, Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is likely to be part of this phase row planting to boundaries and informal clusters and groupings of embellishment during the Inter-War period. The A single Port of significant tree species. Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), located in the north-eastern corner of the park, is likely to just pre-date the There are five Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii). larger Hill’s Weeping Figs. Two of these trees are of particularly large proportions and scale with canopies extending to 35 metres in diameter. A mature and particularly large American Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is likely to be also part of this phase of embellishment during the Inter-War period.

A single Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens), located in the north-eastern corner of the park, is likely to pre- date the larger Hill’s Weeping Figs. This specimen is consistent with the northern NSW/ Queensland form of this species and has local significance in terms of its age and contribution to the park during its earliest phase of development. The boundary to Primrose Avenue contains a single stunted Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla), and two small Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa). Although these trees are very small in stature and have minimal visual and aesthetic impact in the park, they may be of similar age to the scheduled Port Jackson Fig.

Figure 25.2.2 – The Morton Bay Fig fronting Primrose Avenue Figure 25.2.3 – The substantial American Cottonwood

25.03 Durdans Avenue

Address: Historical Notes Durdans Avenue (adjacent 6 Durdans Avenue), The Queensland Kauri was a prized and valued component of Rosebery mid- to late nineteenth century gardens and parkland. It was Ownership Type: often planted with other native Australian rainforest pines, such Street as the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla), Hoop Pine Owner/ Controlling Authority: (Araucaria cunninghamii) and Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii). City of Sydney This species has also been used extensively as a cabinet, Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) furniture and flooring timber since colonial times. c. 1960 The history and exact reason behind planting this small row Scheduled Significant Trees planting, its origins and associations with this site is unkown. They appear to have been planted in the 1950' or 1960's as they Qty Species Common Name were not present in the street in 1943. It is probably an attempt at 5 Agathis robusta Queensland Kauri Pine street beautification undertaken when the adjacent warehouses/ commercial developments were constructed.

Description This is an isolated row planting of the Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta). These native pines are usually a highly ornamental rainforest species with a distinctive, broadly spreading canopy. This species can achieve massive proportions, making a dramatic statement under optimum conditions of moisture, good soils and protection from strong winds.

Under the difficult site conditions and close proximity to each other, these five pines continue to struggle and have not yet achieved their full potential. They are approximately 17-18m tall with a spread of 8-10m. They have trunk diameters of 0.6-0.7m when measured at 1.4m above the ground.

Statement of Significance This isolated row planting of the Queensland Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta) is a curious botanical statement in the context of this suburban streetscape. They are nevertheless significant as a group at the local level in terms of their aesthetic, and botanical interest.

Figure 25.3.1 – The Queensland Kauri Pines looking south

25.04 Gardeners Road Public School

Address: Historical Notes Gardeners Road & Botany Road, Gardeners Road Public School is located in a prominent position Rosebery on the corner of Botany Road and Gardeners Road, Rosebery. Ownership Type: The school’s two storey Federation Arts and Crafts style building Govt/Institution/Other and two-storey Inter-War period additions (c.1925) are scheduled Owner/ Controlling Authority: in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012. Department of Education Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Originally an area of extensive sand dunes and freshwater c. 1900 wetlands, Botany Road traversed a mosaic of plant communities – diverse heathland, scrub and low forest known as the Eastern Scheduled Significant Trees Suburbs Banksia Scrub. By the 1880s most of this rich botanic diversity of wildflowers had been cleared and replaced by market Qty Species Common Name gardens and increasing subdivision and residential development. Ficus rubiginosa f. 3 Port Jackson Fig School grounds became important public spaces for municipal glabrescens landscaping and embellishment. 3 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm Description 1 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm The late nineteenth and early twentieth century landscaping at this school utilises an evergreen, broadleaf palette of local native rainforest species (ie. figs) and exotic accents (ie. palms). There are individual specimen and group planting of Port Jackson Figs (F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens) with other component species including Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), three Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) and a Washington Palm (Washingtonia robusta).

The major planting components are arranged in three formal rows, parallel with Botany Road, and comprising Brush Box (1st row along the boundary fence), a central palm row (2nd row) and two Port Jackson Figs (3rd row). The Canary Island Date Palms are notable for their large stature (12-14 metres, clear trunk) and visual impact in this location.

Statement of Significance Together these trees and palms have aesthetic, historic, and social values. The thematic and eclectic mix of species was typical of the period (refer to Sydney Boys High School and Sydney Girls High School listings). This planting palette has strong associations with the work of Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden of the Sydney Botanic Gardens.

Figure 25.4.1 – One of the Canary Island Date Palms

25.05 Hayes Road

Address: Description Hayes Road, Queensland Lacebark (Brachychiton discolor) is a rainforest Rosebery tree of eastern Australia. Common names include Lacebark Ownership Type: Tree, Lace Kurrajong, Pink Kurrajong, Scrub Bottle Tree, White Street Kurrajong, Hat Tree and Sycamore. It grows in drier rainforest Owner/ Controlling Authority: areas, scattered from Paterson, New South Wales to Mackay, City of Sydney Queensland. It is a medium native tree with a conical form, Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) bears pink flowers with bright red centres (usually when semi- c. 1960's deciduous) from November to January. It is a showy, versatile tree which is hardy, frost and drought resistant. Scheduled Significant Trees The specimens within Hayes Road appear to have all been Qty Species Common Name planted at the same time and have reached mature proportions, 24 Brachychiton discolour Queensland Lacebark typically with heights of approximately 10-12m and spreads of 7-9m. They appear to be in healthy condition with good canopy Historical Notes densities. Many have been severely and unsympathetically pruned for power line clearance which has reduced the visual The Queensland Lacebark (Brachychiton discolor was probably quality and significance of some of the trees. collected in the late 1800's and early twentieth century during research expeditions to the rainforests of eastern Australia. It is typical of the late Victorian period and its use and introduction Statement of Significance is likely to have been influenced by Charles Moore (Director, This avenue planting is aesthetically pleasing and is the only Sydney Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) and Joseph Maiden known established avenue of this species anywhere in the wider (1897-1924). It would appear that the Hayes Road planting is an Sydney metropolitan area. Assumed to be planted in the 1960's experimental planting to test their use as a street tree, during or early 70's, they are botanically and aesthetically significant. 1960's and early 1970's street beautification programs run by South Sydney Council.

Figure 25.5.1 – The Queensland Lacebarks along Hayes Road looking east from Dunning Avenue

26. Green Square

26.01 Waterloo Park - South

Address: Historical Notes Kellick, Elizabeth, Pitt and McEvoy Street, The land here was a diverse wetland, comprising lowland, Waterloo swamps and streams, along with ‘undulating land, sandy soil Ownership Type: covered with low scrub’. After European settlement the area was Park important as an urban water supply, and also irrigated numerous Owner/ Controlling Authority: market gardens producing vegetables for the city. Port Jackson City of Sydney Figs dominate the planting structure forming an avenue along Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) McEvoy Street which runs through the centre of the park. There c. 1900 is another example in the adjoining grounds of Mount Carmel School. Scheduled Significant Trees The site, known during the early colonial period as Hungry Hill Qty Species Common Name (and later as Mt Lachlan after Governor Lachlan Macquarie), Ficus rubiginosa f. 7 Port Jackson Fig was significantly modified with fill material prior to the park’s glabrescens establishment. Assessment of the 1943 aerial photos of the area Ficus rubiginosa f. reveal that most of the trees scheduled were significant and 1 Port Jackson Fig rubiginosa well established specimens, therefore it is assumed they were 4 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig planted c.1900. Ficus superba var. 2 Deciduous Fig During the Inter-War period and latter part of the twentieth henneana century subsequent overlays were established, particularly within the southern portion of the park. These included Coral

Figure 26.1.1 – The southern Port Jackon Fig fronting Pitt Street

Trees (Erythrina x sykesii), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia). These are considered to be neutral elements and have added little to support the landscape character of the original scheme.

Description The park is divided into two parcels of public land by McEvoy Street. The northern portion is located on steeply rising ground adjoining Our Lady of Mt Carmel Primary School, Kellick Street and Pitt Street. The southern portion, bounded by Elizabeth Street and Pitt Street, grades to Waterloo Oval.

This is a relatively simple mixed palette in comparison with Redfern Park and is similar to the broader landscape approach of Moore Park and the Domain. This informal style of mixed Figure 26.1.2 – The northern Port Jackon Fig fronting Pitt planting continues along McEvoy Street forming a distinctive Street and memorable avenue. An informal row of figs also continues along the Elizabeth Street frontage and north-eastern boundary to Waterloo Oval.

Notably, the planting near the oval includes two outstanding specimens of the native Deciduous Fig (Ficus superba var. henneana). These are located along the western boundary to Pitt Street. These Deciduous Figs were planted separately, at a different time to the other figs, some time in the late 1930's or early 40's. They are visually prominent and distinctive elements in the park.

Statement of Significance The planting of Waterloo Park south is of aesthetical significance as a large green area between the residential and industrial establishments. It is of social significance as it was used by the local public for leisure, recreation and sports since 1880s. Some individual specimen figs are considered to have significance at the local level due to their substantial size, scale and representative values. Moreover, the collection has group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of its combined aesthetic, visual, historic and social values. These trees are a vital part of the historic fig collections which define the broader public open space of the City of Sydney. Waterloo Park is scheduled in City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012.

Figure 26.1.3 – One of the Moreton Bay Figs on the Elizabeth Street side of the park

26.02 Austin Grove

Address: Historical Notes Austin Grove, These figs were planted extensively throughout the parklands Zetland of the City of Sydney and became defining elements of these Ownership Type: late Victorian and early Federation landscapes. This legacy Street was largely due to the work of Charles Moore (Director, Sydney Owner/ Controlling Authority: Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) and other leading botanists City of Sydney and nurserymen during this period of Sydney’s development. It Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) appears to be the last remnant of a row of Figs planted as part c. 1900 of buildings and internal roadways associated with the Race Course located between Joynton Avenue and South Dowling Scheduled Significant Trees Street.

Qty Species Common Name Description 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Although set-back from the Port Jackson Fig planting in Joynton Avenue, this Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is visually and historically linked to the broader planting scheme in this location (refer to Joynton Avenue Listing).

This fig is an important contiguous component of this larger group of avenue trees and is likely to date from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century period. It is the only Moreton Bay Fig to be planted within this broader group.

Statement of Significance The overall (Joynton Ave) planting scheme has group significance at the local level in terms of aesthetic,historic, social and biodiversity values. This specimen also has individual significance in terms of its scale and massive proportions in this prominent location.

Figure 26.2.1 – The Moreton Bay Fig

26.03 Gadigal Avenue

Address: Historical Notes Gadigal Avenue, The planting possibly dates from the late post-World War period Zetland (1950s to 1960s). They are not evident in the 1943 aerial of the Ownership Type: area. Street Owner/ Controlling Authority: Description City of Sydney These two closely planted mature Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) microcarpa var. hillii) have been retained within the recent high c. 1960's density residential development of Green Square. They have mulched garden beds under and raised timber decking under Scheduled Significant Trees their canopies. The retention and protection of these two figs with their interlocked and expansive canopies is particularly Qty Species Common Name important in this developing residential area. Ficus microcarpa var. 2 Hills Weeping Fig hillii Statement of Significance These figs have local significance in terms of visual, aesthetic, and biodiversity values. Together they make a dramatic visual statement and significantly enhance the quality of this streetscape.

Figure 26.3.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs

26.04 Joynton Avenue Address: The Port Jackson Figs in Joynton Avenue are an interesting mixture of the two recognised forms – (F. rubiginosa f. Joynton Avenue (Gadigal avenue to Wolseley Grove), glabrescens), being the glabrous leaf form and (F. rubiginosa Zetland f. rubiginosa), having a rusty colouration on the underside of Ownership Type: leaves (ie. with hairs). This species typically displays a wide Street range of variation depending upon geographical origin within its Owner/ Controlling Authority: range from the south coast of NSW to northern Queensland. City of Sydney These differences are also reflected in the varying growth rates Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) and development of these trees with F. rubiginosa f. rubiginosa c. 1900-1910 tending to be smaller in overall size. There are exceptions however and many of these Port Jackson Figs are significant Scheduled Significant Trees as individuals with outstanding proportions and stature, however Qty Species Common Name many specimens are in poor condition and showing signs of decline. Ficus rubiginosa f. 3 Port Jackson Fig glabrescens Statement of Significance Ficus microcarpa var. 1 Hills Weeping Fig This avenue of mixed figs has local significance in terms of visual, hillii aesthetic, historic, social and biodiversity values. Together the Hill’s Weeping Figs and Port Jackson Figs create a dramatic Historical Notes sense of place and scale to this location. It's believed that the avenue may have evolved as two separate entities with an initial planting phase being followed by further consolidation and expansion at a later date. The informal row planting of Port Jackson Figs (Ficus rubiginosa f. glabrescens and f. rubiginosa) along the eastern nature strip is likely to date from early twentieth century planting scheme. They appear to be the last remnant of a row of Figs planted as part of boundary associated with the Race Course located between Joynton Avenue and South Dowling Street.

The row of nine Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) appears to be a much later addition. The planting possibly dates from the late post-World War period (1950s to 1960s). They are not evident in the 1943 aerial of the area.

Description This outstanding avenue, located within the northern portion of Joynton Avenue adjacent to the Victoria Park redevelopment site, is comprised of two different ornamental evergreen fig species. Their overall impact is strengthened by other figs in close proximity to this avenue (refer to Listings for Cadigal Avenue, Austin Grove and 20 O’Dea Avenue).

The Hill’s Weeping Fig tends to have a much faster growth rate and will out-compete the generally smaller, slower growing Port Jackson Fig. As the trees have matured they have developed a more or less contiguous avenue of merging canopies over this section of Joynton Avenue.

Figure 26.4.1 – The Port Jackson Figs

26.05 Green Square School (formerly Waterloo Public School) Historical Notes Address: The even-aged, informal group of figs possibly dates from the 237 Botany Road, late 1950s-1960s period. This site, formerly Waterloo Public Green Square School, contains a two-storey Victorian Free Classical style Ownership Type: building and single storey Victorian house and landscaping Govt/Institution/Other which are scheduled in the City of Sydney Local Environmental Owner/ Controlling Authority: Plan 2012. Department of Education Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) Description c. 1960 The combined effect of these trees with their expansive and interlocking canopies creates a distinctive sense of enclosure Scheduled Significant Trees and tranquillity to this part of the school grounds. Qty Species Common Name Other associated tree species in the grounds tend to be Ficus microcarpa var. ancillary, supportive or neutral in value. The overall landscape 9 Hills Weeping Fig hillii quality is in stark contrast to the busy road corridor of Botany Road. This level of clustered fig planting within school grounds is relatively uncommon in the City of Sydney LGA. (refer to listing for Newtown Primary School, Newtown). The later self sown and introduced Celtis spp. and other trees detract from this group.

Statement of Significance Although there are no individually significant specimens in this planting of nine Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii) at Green Square School, the group or cluster is significant at the local level in terms of visual, and social values.

Figure 26.5.1 – The Hill's Weeping Figs

26.06 No.20 O'Dea Ave

Address: Historical Notes 20 O'Dea Avenue, Port Jackson Figs were planted extensively throughout the Zetland parklands of the City of Sydney and became defining elements Ownership Type: of these late Victorian and early Federation landscapes. This Private legacy was largely due to the work of Charles Moore (Director, Owner/ Controlling Authority: Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens 1848-1896) and other leading Private botanists and nurserymen during this period of Sydney’s Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) development. c. 1900 Description Scheduled Significant Trees This fig located is located in a goods yard on O’Dea Avenue, and was likely planted during the late nineteenth or early twentieth Qty Species Common Name century. It is of similar age and structural characteristics to other Ficus rubiginosa f. 1 Port Jackson Fig significant Port Jackson Figs located in nearby Waterloo Park glabrescens and Joynton Avenue, and Green Square.

It has a prominent position on a busy thoroughfare near the corner of O’Dea Avenue and Joynton Avenue. This specimen also combines with other fig planting in Joynton Avenue and neighbouring side streets to reinforce a sense of visual continuity in these streetscapes (refer to Listings for Joynton Avenue, Cadigal Avenue and Austin Grove). This glabrous leaf form (ie. no hairs) of the Port Jackson Fig was most likely sourced originally from the rainforests of northern NSW or south-eastern Queensland.

Statement of Significance This Port Jackson Fig (F. rubiginosa f. glabrescens), is significance at the local level in terms of visual, social and biodiversity values in this urban setting. The tree is a landmark specimen of substantial scale and outstanding proportions.

Figure 26.6.1 – The Port Jackson Fig

26.07 (Mc Pherson Lane) 904 Bourke Street Historical Notes Address: In 1874, the Governor of NSW, Sir Hercules Robinson, 902-906 Bourke Street (McPherson Lane), established Zetland Lodge, a substantial house and training Zetland stable set back from the juncture of Bourke and Elizabeth streets. Ownership Type: Governor Robinson was a keen horse-racing man and patron of Private the Australian Jockey Club at Randwick. His racing colours were Owner/ Controlling Authority: the Zetland or ‘Aske Hall’ spots, red spots on a white ground. Private Horse trainer Thomas Lamond made Zetland Lodge into one of Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) the prominent racing stables and was a popular and respected c. 1890 figure in the district. He served as an alderman on Waterloo Municipal Council for 21 years from 1887-1907 and was mayor Scheduled Significant Trees on four occasions. The Lamonds were still training horses in the area until the 1950's.

Qty Species Common Name The large Moreton Bay Fig is believed to be part of the early planting associated with Zetland Lodge. Aerial photos of 1943 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig show the tree at the rear of the stable yards and a significant scale even at this time. Photos from the 1905 Town and Country Journal show trees in this location visible above the roofs. This tree therefore potentially dates from the late 1880's as the last remnant of Zetland Lodge.

Description This single Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is now enclosed on three sides by a modern day factory/ warehouse building. The tree is still visible to the street along McPherson Lane, but is within in a fenced enclosure. It is a very large specimen in relatively healthy condition despite the development that has taken place around it. It has a height of 18-20m and a relatively symmetrical canopy spread of approximately 25-30m. Its trunk diameter at one metre above the ground is approximately 2.0 metres.

Statement of Significance This Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla) is significant for it is the last remaining physical remnant of the former Zetland Lodge, now demolished. It is likely to date from the 1890's. It is a very large tree, with excellent form and a good example of the species, and is therefore considered visually and historically significant.

Figure 26.7.1 – The Moreton Bay Fig, the last remnant of the once extensive Zetand Lodge