Saxifragales, rosids (fabids part I)
Today’s lecture
– Class exercise • Crassulaceae • Saxifragaceae • Fabaceae – Class exercise • Rosaceae
Class exercise – pictionary
Angiosperm phylogeny
Soltis et al., 2011
Rosids'
Saxifragales'
Caryophyllales'
Ranunculaceae' Monocots' Magnoliids'
ANITA'grade' Angiosperm phylogeny
Eudicots (Tricolpates) Basal eudicots
Rosids Asterids
Crassulaceae
35 genera; 1,500 species
Habit: Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous)
Leaves: Often succulent Usually simple, variously arranged
Drought adaptation: Thick, waxy cuticle Sunken stomata CAM photosynthesis Crassulaceae
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/phoc.html#c4
Crassulaceae
Symmetry:
radial
Perianth parts: 4-5 sepals 4-5 petals Stamens:
4-10
Pistils: 4-5 carpels, partially fused Ovary position:
superior
Fruit type: Aggregate of follicles Saxifragaceae
30 genera, 550 species
Habit:
Herbaceous
Leaves:
Usually simple Usually alternate, often all basal Palmate veination
Saxifragaceae
Heuchera sanguinea Tellima grandiflora Saxifragaceae
Symmetry:
radial
Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals Stamens:
5 or 10
Pistils:
Ovary position:
Fruit type:
Saxifragaceae
Symmetry:
radial
Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals Stamens:
5 or 10
Pistils: 2-3 carpels, partially fused Ovary position:
Superior to inferior
Fruit type: Capsule or follicle
Rosids
Rosids
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Note: Alternate family names with an -ae ending are accepted for a few families. 630 genera; 18,000 species
Habit: Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous)
Leaves: Usually compound, alternate, often with stipules Roots: Root nodules Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
http://teagueesorientation.wikispaces.com/
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Textbook DVD JRA Glycine max
Phaseolus spp. Lens culinaris Cicer arietinum Arachis hypogaea Fabaceae (Leguminosae) ( Papilionoideae ) Mimosoideae Caesalpinioideae Faboideae
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Doyle et al., 1997
Caesalpinioideae is paraphyletic Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Faboideae (Papilionoideae) Symmetry:
bilateral
Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals: banner, wings, keel Stamens:
Diadelphous (9 + 1) Flag flower Pistils: 1 simple pistil (1 carpel) Ovary position:
Superior
Fruit type: Legume
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Mimosoideae Symmetry:
radial
Perianth parts: 5 sepals, 5 petals inconspicuous Stamens:
Many: brush flower
Pistils: 1 simple pistil (1 carpel) Ovary position:
Superior
Fruit type: Legume
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Caesalpinioideae Symmetry:
bilateral
Perianth parts: 5 sepals, 5 petals All free Stamens:
10, free
Pistils: 1 simple pistil (1 carpel) Ovary position:
Superior
Fruit type: Legume
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
3 Subfamilies based on floral type: Banner Papilionoideae (Faboideae) flowers are typical pea/ “Flag” flowers: 1 free stamen bilaterally symmetric Flag Flower conspicuous petal = banner for attraction wing wing 9 fused stamens 2 wings (that form a landing platform) keel 2 lower petals fused to form a “keel” (which encloses stamens & carpel) diadelphous stamens (9 fused + 1 free) [di = two]
Mimosoideae flowers are called “brush” flowers radially symmetric many stamens that are exerted on long filaments and stamens form a brush that covers visiting insects or birds with pollen.
Caesalpinoideae flowers bilaterally symmetric like flag flower but the lower petals are NOT fused into a keel (5 free) and the 10 stamens are all free Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Class exercise – fruit types
• You have six examples of fleshy fruits belonging to members of Rosaceae.
• Working with your group, try to figure out: – What type of fruit is each one? – How would you classify these six species into two or more groups? Rosaceae
85 genera; 3,000 species
Habit: Herbaceous to woody
Leaves: Often compound, alternate, margins serrate, usually with stipules
Rosaceae
85 genera; 3,000 species
“A rose by any oter name would smel as sweet...” Rosaceae
Symmetry:
radial
Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals Stamens:
many
Pistils: 1 – many
Ovary position:
various
Fruit type: various
Rosaceae
Spiraeoideae Rosaceae
Rosoideae
Rosaceae
Rosoideae Rosaceae
Maloideae (Pomoideae)
Rosaceae
Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae) Rosaceae
Subfamilies Carpels Fruit type
Spiraeoideae 2-5, free or fused follicle or capsule
Rosoideae many, free aggregate
Amygdaloideae 1 drupe (Prunoideae)
Maloideae 2-5, fused pome (Pomoideae)
Rosaceae
(Morgan et al. 1994)