Saxifragales, rosids (fabids part I) Today’s lecture – Class exercise • Crassulaceae • Saxifragaceae • Fabaceae – Class exercise • Rosaceae Class exercise – pictionary Angiosperm phylogeny Soltis et al., 2011 Rosids' Saxifragales' Caryophyllales' Ranunculaceae' Monocots' Magnoliids' ANITA'grade' Angiosperm phylogeny Eudicots (Tricolpates) Basal eudicots Rosids Asterids Crassulaceae 35 genera; 1,500 species Habit: Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous) Leaves: Often succulent Usually simple, variously arranged Drought adaptation: Thick, waxy cuticle Sunken stomata CAM photosynthesis Crassulaceae http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/phoc.html#c4 Crassulaceae Symmetry: radial Perianth parts: 4-5 sepals 4-5 petals Stamens: 4-10 Pistils: 4-5 carpels, partially fused Ovary position: superior Fruit type: Aggregate of follicles Saxifragaceae 30 genera, 550 species Habit: Herbaceous Leaves: Usually simple Usually alternate, often all basal Palmate veination Saxifragaceae Heuchera sanguinea Tellima grandiflora Saxifragaceae Symmetry: radial Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals Stamens: 5 or 10 Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type: Saxifragaceae Symmetry: radial Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals Stamens: 5 or 10 Pistils: 2-3 carpels, partially fused Ovary position: Superior to inferior Fruit type: Capsule or follicle Rosids Rosids Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Note: Alternate family names with an -ae ending are accepted for a few families. 630 genera; 18,000 species Habit: Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous) Leaves: Usually compound, alternate, often with stipules Roots: Root nodules Fabaceae (Leguminosae) http://teagueesorientation.wikispaces.com/ Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Textbook DVD JRA Glycine max Phaseolus spp. Lens culinaris Cicer arietinum Arachis hypogaea Fabaceae (Leguminosae) ) Papilionoideae ( Mimosoideae Caesalpinioideae Faboideae Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Doyle et al., 1997 Caesalpinioideae is paraphyletic Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Faboideae (Papilionoideae) Symmetry: bilateral Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals: banner, wings, keel Stamens: Diadelphous (9 + 1) Flag flower Pistils: 1 simple pistil (1 carpel) Ovary position: Superior Fruit type: Legume Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Mimosoideae Symmetry: radial Perianth parts: 5 sepals, 5 petals inconspicuous Stamens: Many: brush flower Pistils: 1 simple pistil (1 carpel) Ovary position: Superior Fruit type: Legume Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Caesalpinioideae Symmetry: bilateral Perianth parts: 5 sepals, 5 petals All free Stamens: 10, free Pistils: 1 simple pistil (1 carpel) Ovary position: Superior Fruit type: Legume Fabaceae (Leguminosae) 3 Subfamilies based on floral type: Banner Papilionoideae (Faboideae) flowers are typical pea/ “Flag” flowers: 1 free stamen bilaterally symmetric Flag Flower conspicuous petal = banner for attraction wing wing 9 fused stamens 2 wings (that form a landing platform) keel 2 lower petals fused to form a “keel” (which encloses stamens & carpel) diadelphous stamens (9 fused + 1 free) [di = two] Mimosoideae flowers are called “brush” flowers radially symmetric many stamens that are exerted on long filaments and stamens form a brush that covers visiting insects or birds with pollen. Caesalpinoideae flowers bilaterally symmetric like flag flower but the lower petals are NOT fused into a keel (5 free) and the 10 stamens are all free Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Class exercise – fruit types • You have six examples of fleshy fruits belonging to members of Rosaceae. • Working with your group, try to figure out: – What type of fruit is each one? – How would you classify these six species into two or more groups? Rosaceae 85 genera; 3,000 species Habit: Herbaceous to woody Leaves: Often compound, alternate, margins serrate, usually with stipules Rosaceae 85 genera; 3,000 species “A rose by any oter name would smel as sweet...” Rosaceae Symmetry: radial Perianth parts: 5 sepals 5 petals Stamens: many Pistils: 1 – many Ovary position: various Fruit type: various Rosaceae Spiraeoideae Rosaceae Rosoideae Rosaceae Rosoideae Rosaceae Maloideae (Pomoideae) Rosaceae Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae) Rosaceae Subfamilies Carpels Fruit type Spiraeoideae 2-5, free or fused follicle or capsule Rosoideae many, free aggregate Amygdaloideae 1 drupe (Prunoideae) Maloideae 2-5, fused pome (Pomoideae) Rosaceae (Morgan et al. 1994) .