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Vol. 82 · Number 5 · October 2012 ISSN 0300-9831 International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research Vol. 82 · Number 5 · October 2012 Special Issue 5/12 100 Years of Vitamins www.verlag-hanshuber.com/IJVNR 100 years of vitamins for a brighter world Editor-in-Chief International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research R. F. Hurrell In 1912, the world first learned about ‘vitamins’, a term coined by Casimir Funk to describe bioactive substances essential Associate Editors for human and animal health. The past century has witnessed remarkable discoveries that have advanced our understanding T. Bohn · M. Eggersdorfer · M. Reddy of vitamins and their vital role in health and wellness. DSM, the global leader in vitamins, is proud to have been part of this vitamin journey and is committed to making further scientific advances for generations to come. www.100yearsofvitamins.com www.dsmnutritionalproducts.com International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research Editor-in-Chief Prof. Richard F. Hurrell Human Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health Swiss Federal Insitute of Technology ETH Zentrum, LFV D20 Schmelzbergstrasse 7 CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] Associate Editors Dr. T. Bohn, Belvaux Dr. M. Eggersdorfer, Basel Prof. Dr. M. Reddy, Ames Publisher Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Laenggass-Strasse 76, Postfach, (European Address) CH-3000 Bern 9 Phone +41 (0)31 300 45 00, Fax +41 (0)31 300 45 90 [email protected], www.verlag-hanshuber.com (US Address) Hogrefe Publishing Corp, 875 Massachusetts Avenue, 7th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Phone +1 (866) 823-4726, Fax +1 (617) 354-6875 [email protected] Media Manager Adis Hadzic, Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Laenggass-Strasse 76, Postfach, CH-3000 Bern 9 Phone +41 (0)31 300 45 00, Fax +41 (0)31 300 45 91 [email protected] Typesetting & Konrad Triltsch Print und digitale Medien GmbH, Printing Ochsenfurt-Hohestadt, Germany ISSN 0300-9831 (ISSN-L), 0300-9831 (Print), 1664-2821 (Online) Frequency 6 issues per volume Subscriptions Subscription rates per volume: Libraries/Institutions: US $ 772.–/CHF 749.–/€ 559.– Individuals: US $ 424.–/CHF 408.–/€ 314.– + postage and handling: – Switzerland: CHF 18.– – European countries: US $ 30.–/€ 21.– – Other countries: US $ 40.–/CHF 38.– Single issue: US $ 108.–/CHF 104.–/€ 77.– + postage and handling Indexing Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE, Sci-Search), Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Life Sciences, Prous Science Integrity, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Medline, AGRICOLA, EMBASE, BIOBASE, EMBASE Biology, EMCARE, Scopus, CAB Abstracts and CAB Health. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, phototcopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher and the author. The journal serves as the scientific organ of the Swiss Society for Nutrition. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. © 2012 Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Bern International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research Volume 82, Number 5, October 2012 100 Years of Vitamins Proceedings of the International Vitamins Symposium held at the University of Basel, Switzerland on 30 November 2012 Editors: Manfred Eggersdorfer, Basel, Switzerland Ulrich Moser, Basel, Switzerland Paul Walter, Basel, Switzerland International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research Volume 82, Number 5, October 2012 Contents Editorial Moser U., Elmadfa I.: 100 Years of Vitamins................................................ 309 Original Semba R. D.: Communications The Discovery of the Vitamins ........................................ 310 Hoeft B., Weber P., Eggersdorfer M.: Micronutrients – a Global Perspective on Intake, Health Benefits and Economics...................................................... 316 Bischoff-Ferrari H.: Vitamin D – From Essentiality to Functionality . 321 Moser U.: Vitamins – Wrong Approaches ........................................ 327 Kaput J., Morine M.: Discovery-Based Nutritional Systems Biology: Developing N-of-1 Nutrigenomic Research ........................................ 333 Elmadfa I., Meyer A. L.: Vitamins for the First 1000 Days: Preparing for Life ...................... 342 McNulty H., Pentieva K., Hoey L., Strain JJ., Ward M.: Nutrition Throughout Life: Folate ..................................... 348 Troesch B., Eggersdorfer M., Weber P.: The Role of Vitamins in Aging Societies . 355 Blumberg J. B.: Vitamins: Preparing for the Next 100 Years ............................. 360 Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 82 (5) © 2012 Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Bern 308 Curatores Prof. Ibrahim Elmadfa Dr. Shuichi Kimura Dr. Emorn Wasantwisut Institut für Ernährungs­ Prof. Emeritus of Insitute of Nutrition wissenschaften der tohoku University Mahidol University Universität Wien Prof., Graduate School of Salaya, Phutthamonthon 4, Althanstrasse 14 Human Life Sciences 73170 Nakhon Pathorn 1090 Wien/Austria Showa Women’s University Thailand Japan Prof. Helmut F. Ebersdobler Prof. Janet C. King Prof. Caspar Wenk Insitut für Humanernährung Children’s Hospital Institut für und Lebensmittelkunde Oakland Nutztierwissenschaften Düsternbrooker Weg 17 Research Institute Gruppe Ernährung 24105 Kiel/Germany 747 Fifty Second Street ETH Zentrum Oakland California 84609 8092 Zürich/Switzerland USA Prof. Susan Fairweather-Tait Dr. Chandrakant S. Pandav Diet and Health Group Centre for Community School of Medicine, Medicine Health Policy and Practice All India Institute University of East Anglia of Medical Sciences Norwich NR4 7TJ New Dehli 110029 India United Kingdom Dr. Balz Frei Dr. Artemis P. Simopoulos Linus Pauling Insitute The Center for Genetics Oregon State University Nutrition and Health 2001 S 571 Weniger Hall Street, N.W., Suite 530 Corvallis Washington DC 20009 Oregon 97 331 6512 USA USA Advisory Board Hans K. Biesalski, Stuttgart Claude-Louis Léger, Frank P. Schelp, Berlin Roland Bitsch, Jena Montpellier Helmut Sies, Düsseldorf Fritz Brawand, Basel Sean Lynch, Norfolk, VA Paolo M. Suter, Zürich Gyle Crozier, Lausanne Anne M. Molloy, Dublin Sherry A. Tanumihardjo, Monika Eichholzer- Klaus Pietrizik, Bonn Madison Helbling, Zürich Daniel Raederstorff, Basel Henk van den Berg, Zeist Eric Jéquier, Lausanne Charlotte E. Remé, Zürich Peter Weber, Basel Ian T. Johnson, Norwich Wim H. M. Saris, Maastricht Colin C. Whitehead, Ulrich Keller, Basel Augustin Scalbert, Edinburgh Michael Kreuzer, Zürich Clermont-Ferrand Wolfgang Langhans, Zürich Erwin Scharrer, Zürich Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 82 (5) © 2012 Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Bern Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 82 (5), 2012, 309 309 Editorial 100 Years of Vitamins In 1912, Casimir Funk introduced the term “vitamine” The symposium covered, therefore, the three areas for at this time still mostly unknown micronutrients past, present and future of vitamin research. At the that are essential for life. The wealth of knowledge beginning of the 20th century, scientists had to fight that has been gathered since then was a reason enough against the dogma that diseases can only be caused by to celebrate the 100th anniversary in Basel, where vi- germs. Several decades later enthusiastic expectations tamins played an important role in the scientific and of almost unlimited health benefits had to be damp- industrial community. ened. Today, recommendations for the intake of mi- During the first half of the 20th century 13 mol- cronutrients are revised with respect to the particular ecules have been described, isolated and chemically requirements of various age groups and of individual synthetized that fulfill various functions in the me- living conditions. The future will reveal whether we tabolism know today as vitamin A, D, E, K, B1, B2, need to or whether we can go a step further and advice B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and each individual according to their personal needs. C. Other compounds have been proposed to have Although the lecturers of the meeting did not give similar or complementary functions, but none of them an answer to all open questions, many suggestions or reached the criteria of essentiality. Thus, the question ideas for future research might be derived from this arises whether we know everything about vitamins or comprehensive compilation of the symposium. whether we still need to fill gaps in our understanding of their functionality. U. Moser, SGE and I. Elmadfa, ÖGE DOI 10.1024/0300-9831/a000123 Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 82 (5) © 2012 Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Bern 310 Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 82 (5), 2012, 310 – 315 Original Communication The Discovery of the Vitamins Richard D. Semba Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abstract: The discovery of the vitamins was a major scientific achievement in our understanding of health and disease. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term “vitamine”. The major period of discovery began in the early nineteenth century and ended at the mid-twentieth century. The puzzle of each vitamin was solved through the work and contributions of epidemiologists, physicians, physiologists, and chemists. Rather than a mythical story of crowning scientific breakthroughs, the reality was a slow, stepwise progress that included setbacks, contradictions, refutations,
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