Update on the Panama Canal Expansion Program

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Update on the Panama Canal Expansion Program UpdateUpdate onon thethe PanamaPanama CanalCanal ExpansionExpansion ProgramProgram RodolfoRodolfo SabongeSabonge Vicepresident,Vicepresident, MarketMarket Research Research and and Analysis Analysis [email protected]@pancanal.com AgendaAgenda •• TrafficTraffic AF2007 AF2007 •• AlternativeAlternative Routes Routes •• ExpansionExpansion Program Program Components, Components, ScopeScope & & TimeTime LineLine •• LocksLocks Contracting Contracting Plan Plan Transits 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 5,000 0 1915 AF 1955 PC/UMS Tonnage of Commercial Transits ofCommercial PC/UMS Tonnage AF 1955 1917 4,832 1919 1921 1923 Transits vs. PC/UMSTonnage vs. Transits 1925 PC/UMSTonnage vs. Transits 1927 1929 AF 1975 AF 1975 1931 9,931 1933 1935 1937 1939 –FY1915 FY2007 FY1915 –FY1915 FY2007 1941 1943 18,940 AF 1995 1945 AF 1995 1947 1949 1951 Fiscal Year 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 AF 2007 23,591 1963 AF 2007 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 PC/UMS 1987 Transits 1989 14,721 1991 1993 312.2 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 PC/UMS Tonnage in Millions PrincipalPrincipal RoutesRoutes -- FY FY 20072007 EastEast CoastCoast USUS AsiaAsia 82.682.6 MLTMLT 39.6%39.6% PRODUCTS MLT % Containers 26.5 32.2 Grains 23.0 27.9 PrincipalPrincipal RoutesRoutes -- FY FY 20072007 West Coast South America East Coast US 20.520.5 MLTMLT 9.8%9.8% PRODUCTS MLT % Petroleum and prod 6.1 29.9 Dry Bulks 3.8 18.6 PrincipalPrincipal RoutesRoutes -- FY FY 20072007 WestWest CoastCoast SouthSouth AmericaAmerica EuropeEurope 15.215.2 MLTMLT 7.3%7.3% PRODUCTS MLT % Containers 5.0 32.6 Refrigerated fruit 3.4 22.3 PrincipalPrincipal CommoditiesCommodities thatthat TransitTransit thethe PanamaPanama CanalCanal FiscalFiscal YearYear 20072007 ContainerizedContainerized CargoCargo 58.6 GrainsGrains 33.0 PetroleumPetroleum andand ProductsProducts 32.1 MetalsMetals andand OresOres 14.7 ChemicalsChemicals andand PetrochemicalsPetrochemicals 13.4 GeneralGeneral CargoCargo 13.0 Iron/SteelIron/Steel ManufacturedManufactured ProductsProducts 7.2 CoalCoal 6.2 NitratesNitrates andand PhosphatesPhosphates 5.7 WoodWood andand ProductsProducts 5.1 Canned/RefrigeratedCanned/Refrigerated ProductsProducts 5.1 MachineryMachinery andand EquipmentEquipment 4.8 MineralsMinerals 4.1 OtherOther AgriculturalAgricultural ProductsProducts 2.3 Animal/VegetableAnimal/Vegetable OilsOils andand FatsFats 2.1 MiscellaneousMiscellaneous DangerousDangerous GoodsGoods 0.5 0 10203040506070 LongLong TonsTons inin millionsmillions PC/UMSPC/UMS byby MarketMarket SegmentSegment (in(in millionsmillions -- FY FY 1995-2007)1995-2007) 160 ContainershipsContainerships 150 DryDry BulkBulk 140 LiquidLiquid BulkBulk 130 GeneralGeneral CargoCargo 120 ReefersReefers 110 PassengersPassengers 100 VehicleVehicle CarriersCarriers 90 OthersOthers 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Growth of container traffic through the Panama Canal (1997 - 2007) 4000 3500 Transits (1,302 - 3,622) 3000 2500 2000 1500 Transits 1000 500 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Based on the capacity of transiting vessels – Source: CompairData Growth of container traffic through the Panama Canal (1997 - 2007) 4000 16 3500 14 Transits (1,302 - 3,622) 3000 12 Capacity TEU (2.5M-13.8M) 2500 10 2000 8 1500 6 Transits Millions of TEUs of Millions 1000 4 500 2 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Based on the capacity of transiting vessels – Source: CompairData InternationalInternational PortsPorts ConnectedConnected throughthrough thethe PanamaPanama CanalCanal Rotterdam Bremerhaven Rotterdam Tilbury Felixstowe Osaka Felixstowe Hamburg Nagoya Dunkerque Halifax Thamesport Shanghai Zeebrugge Kwangyang Seattle NJ/NY Boston Qingdao Wilmington Le Havre Pusan Tokyo Newport News Antwerp Keelung Shimizu Oakland Charleston Baltimore Port Said Yantian Yokohama Los Angeles ..Miami Savannah Hong Kong Kobe Long Beach New Orleans Everglades Hong Kong Long Beach Marseilles Colombo Colon Manzanillo (Mx) VeracruzKingston Chabang Hakata Manzanillo La Spezia Kaohsiung Cartagena Puerto Limón Maracaibo Balboa La Guaira Tanjung Priok Balboa Guanta Buenaventura Puerto Cabello Doniambo Manta Singapore Guayaquil Callao Santos Tahiti Arica IquiqueIquique Paranagua Brisbane Coquimbo ItajaiItajai Sydney Antofagasta Valparaíso San Antonio Auckland San Vicente Transit the Canal Melbourne Feeder services that don´t transit the Canal Source:Source: ACPACP andand ComPairData,ComPairData, 20062006 RegionalRegional ConnectivityConnectivity ServiciosServicios de de LíneaLínea de deFREEPORT lala RegiónRegión del del CaribeCaribe JulioJulio 20072007 LA HABANA SANTIAGO SAN JUAN HAINA CAUCEDO ATM KINGSTON PONCE BARRIOS SANTO TOMAS DE CASTILLA CORTES CASTILLA JARRY/GUADALOUPE DOMINICA GUATEMALA HONDURAS CASTRIES/ST. LUCIA EL SALVADOR CABEZAS BRIDGETOWN/BARBADOS QUETZAL ACAJUTLA CUTUCO NICARAGUA WILLEMSTAD ( LA UNION) CURACAO PORT OF SPAIN CORINTO ORANJESTAD SANDINO ARUBA SPR SANTA MARTA POINT LISAS MARACAIBO LIMON- MOIN SPR BARRANQUILLA COSTA RICA MIT CCT PUERTO CABELLO LA GUAIRA CRISTOBAL SPR CARTAGENA CALDERA BALBOA PANAMA Fuente: Compair Data, Julio 2007 SPR BUENAVENTURA ManzanilloManzanillo InternationalInternational TerminalTerminal (MIT)(MIT) ColonColon ContainerContainer TerminalTerminal PanamaPanama Ports Ports CompanyCompany – – CristobalCristobal PanamaPanama Ports Ports Company Company - - Balboa Balboa PortPort Development Development inin PanamaPanama 1996:1996: 235235 KTEUsKTEUs 2007:2007: +3.2+3.2 MTEUsMTEUs Panamax Cranes PPX Total PPC-BCZ 7 8 15 PPC-CRI 3 3 6 CCT 4 6 10 MIT 2 14 16 16 31 47 TWO OCEANS IN A SAME DAY CruiseCruise tourism tourism evolution evolution in in PanamaPanama ColónColón 20002000 PortPort •• InauguratedInaugurated in in OctoberOctober 2000 2000 •• MainMain cruise cruise lines: lines: HollandHolland America,America, CarnivalCarnival andand CelebrityCelebrity •• TourTour operationoperation Aventuras Aventuras 2000:2000: tourstours offeredoffered via via train train andand buses buses toto Portobelo Portobelo & & SanSan SunSun PrincessPrincess at at Colón Colón 20002000 LorenzoLorenzo FortFort •• WilWil be be homeporthomeport for for Royal Royal CaribbeanCaribbean beginning beginning DecemberDecember 2008 2008 TollToll RevenueRevenue byby MarketMarket segmentssegments Segments 2006 2007 Containers $503M 49% $682M 56% Dry bulk $170M 17% $163M 13% Car Carriers $100M 10% $106M 9% Liquid bulk $91M 9% $107M 9% Others $59M 6% $61M 5% Refrigerated $53M 5% $57M 5% Passenger $26M 3% $26M 2% ships General $25M 2% $25 2% Cargo AgendaAgenda •• TrafficTraffic AF2007 AF2007 •• AlternativeAlternative Routes Routes THETHE SUEZSUEZ ALTERNATIVEALTERNATIVE CargoCargo TonTon throughthrough SuezSuez (Destination)(Destination) 700 600 500 M. Ton 400 N.W. Europe ( 39.1 % ) 300 200 Med. Sea ( 41.5 % ) 100 EC America ( 10.1 % ) Black Sea ( 8.2 % 0 ) 2003 2004 2005 2006 N.W. Europe 188 208 234 246 Med. Sea 176 209 219 261 EC America 40 52 57 63 Black Sea 44 44 53 52 Others 7887 SuezSuez CanalCanal AuthorityAuthority CargoCargo TonTon throughthrough SuezSuez (Origin)(Origin) 700 600 S. Asia ( 10.9 % ) 500 Australia ( 5.6 % ) M. Ton 400 Red Sea ( 12.2 % ) 300 A. Gulf ( 19.5 % ) 200 100 S.E. Asia ( 49 % ) 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Others 1.4 2.3 2.1 18.2 Australia 35.1 42.5 34.1 34.9 South Asia 47 51 62.9 68.5 Red Sea 75.7 84.3 88.8 76.6 Arabian Gulf 81.3 97.5 112.6 122.6 S.E.Asia 217.5 243.9 270.7 307.8 SuezSuez CanalCanal AuthorityAuthority SCSC ContainerContainer TrafficTraffic toto ECEC AmericaAmerica (by(by Origin)Origin) 10000 8000 1000 Ton A. Gulf ( 26 % ) 6000 S. Asia ( 32 % ) 4000 Red Sea ( 3 % ) 2000 S.E. Asia & Far East ( 40 % ) Others 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Arabian Gulf 754 1025 2434 2394 S. Asia 2268 2941 2463 2971 Red Sea 184 315 308 253 S. E. Asia & F. E. 1877 1810 2533 3760 Others 325 164 108 0 SuezSuez CanalCanal AuthorityAuthority SCSC ContainerContainer MovementMovement byby RouteRoute (( 20032003 -2007)-2007) ( 1000 Loaded TEU ) Route 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 NWE - Far East 12 793 15 537 17 483 19 343 21 502 NWE - South Asia 1 263 1 061 957 1 445 1 550 ECNA - South Asia 470 686 762 807 936 ECNA - South East Asia 547 315 339 536 850 NWE – Australasia 371 420 394 371 390 NWE - Middle East 137 350 381 200 210 NWE - East Africa 246 143 134 102 96 ECSA - Middle East 24 23 56 74 76 Total 15 851 18 535 20 506 22 878 25 610 SuezSuez CanalCanal AuthorityAuthority Panama-Panama- Suez Suez RouteRoute CostCost ComparisonComparison $8,000,000$8,000,000 $7,000,000$7,000,000 $6,000,000$6,000,000 $5,000,000$5,000,000 $4,000,000$4,000,000 $3,000,000$3,000,000 $2,000,000$2,000,000 $1,000,000$1,000,000 $0$0 PanamaPanama SuezSuez PanamaPanama SuezSuez PanamaPanama SuezSuez PanamaPanama SuezSuez PanamaPanama SuezSuez 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20072007 Ship Provision Costs Fuel Costs - Canal Fuel Costs - Sea Canal Fees Fuel Costs - Ports Port Fees Source: Estimates based on ACP analysis of different sources StrategicStrategic DemandDemand CentersCenters Population Growth 2005 - 2030 Cascadia +38% Pop: 7,412,248 Great Lakes Horseshoe +10% Pop: 40,082,228 Atlantic Seaboard +12% Pop: 50,427,921 Norcal +35% Pop: 12,024,173 Southland +35% I-35 Corridor +40% Pop: 22,173,291 Pop: 15,315,317 I-85 Corridor +35% Pop: 19,318,992 Valley of the Sun +81% Pop: 4,486,206 Southern Florida +52% Gulf Coast Belt +31% Pop: 13,708,165 Pop: 12,064,600 Sources: Population, employment, and real estate growth forecasts
Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents 4.0 Description of the Physical
    TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT............................................ 4­1 4.1 Geology ................................................................................................. 4­1 4.1.1 Methodology ........................................................................................ 4­1 4.1.2 Regional Geological Formations........................................................... 4­2 4.1.3 Local Geological Units ......................................................................... 4­7 4.1.3.1 Atlantic Coast .......................................................................... 4­7 4.1.3.2 Gatun Locks.............................................................................. 4­8 4.1.3.3 Gatun Lake ............................................................................... 4­9 4.1.3.4 Culebra Cut ......................................................................... ...4­10 4.1.3.5 Pacific Locks ...........................................................................4­11 4.1.3.6 Pacific Coast............................................................................4­12 4.1.4 Paleontological Resources ...................................................................4­13 4.1.5 Geotechnical Characterization .............................................................4­17 4.1.6 Tectonics.............................................................................................4­21 4.2 Geomorphology ..............................................................................................4­22
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change: What Have We Already Observed?
    Water resources and ecosystem services examples from Panamá, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela Matthew C. Larsen Director Ecosystem services from forested watersheds mainly product and goods - water resources - wood products - biodiversity, genetic resources, enhanced resilience to wildfire, pathogens, invasive species - recreation, ecotourism - reduced peak river flow during storms - increased availability of groundwater and base flow in streams during dry annual dry season & droughts - reduced soil erosion and landslide probability - buffer to storm surge and tsunamis [forested coastlines] Ecosystem service challenges Land use and governance - deforestation - forest fragmentation - increased wildfire frequency - urban encroachment on forest margins Climate-change - temperature & precipitation, both averages & extremes - intensity, frequency, duration of storms & droughts - sea level rise - rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration Climate change: What have we already observed? - 1983 to 2012: warmest 30-year period of last 1400 years northern hemisphere - 1880 to 2012: globally averaged air temps over land & 1928 ocean show warming of 0.85 °C - since 1901: increase in average mid-latitude northern hemisphere land area precipitation - 1979 to 2012: annual mean Arctic sea-ice extent decreased 3.5 to 4.1% per decade 2003 - 1901 to 2010: global mean sea level rose 0.19 m - since mid-19th century: rate of sea level rise has been larger than mean rate during previous 2000 years 2010 Source: IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core South Cascade Glacier, U.S Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Project JYP-1104 SALT INTRUSION in GATUN LAKE a Major Qualifying
    Project JYP-1104 SALT INTRUSION IN GATUN LAKE A Major Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Assel Akhmetova Cristina Crespo Edwin Muñiz March 11, 2012 Jeanine D. Plummer, Major Advisor Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering 1. Gatun Lake 2. Salt Intrusion 3. Panama Canal Abstract The expansion of the Panama Canal is adding another lock lane to the canal, allowing passage of larger ships. Increases in the number of transits and the size of the locks may displace more salt from the oceans into the freshwater lake, Gatun Lake, which is a drinking water source for Panama City. This project evaluated future salinity levels in Gatun Lake. Water quality and hydrometeorological data were input into a predictive hydrodynamic software package to project salinity levels in the lake after the new lock system is completed. Modeling results showed that salinity levels are expected to remain in the freshwater range. In the event that the lake becomes brackish, the team designed a water treatment plant using electrodialysis reversal for salt removal and UV light disinfection. ii Executive Summary The Panama Canal runs from the Pacific Ocean in the southeast to the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest over a watershed area containing the freshwater lake, Gatun Lake. The canal facilitates the transit of 36 ships daily using three sets of locks, which displace large volumes of water into and out of Gatun Lake. The displacement of water has the potential to cause salt intrusion into the freshwater Gatun Lake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review 3 Taking on a Small Hitchhiker, This Larger Boat Will Pull It Through the Canal in a Tandem Transit
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1410pana ON THE INSIDE • Swiftstar Mystery • The Little Fellows • Why It's Wet i/Special Report: 50th Anniversary Stamp Issue Vol. 14, No. 10 MAY 1964 Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President Robert D. Kerr, Press Officer David S. Parker, Lieutenant Governor Publications Editors fiUJgt^»t Richard D. Peacock and Julio E. Briceno Frank A. Baldwin Panama Canal Information Officer Editorial Assistants Official Panama Canal Publication Eunice Richard, Tobi BnTEL, and Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Tomas A. Cupas Printed at the Printing Plant, La Boca, C.Z. Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees. cTtbout Our Cover THIS MONTH The Review cover blossoms with color. Very soon, these colors, or ones very close to these, will be an every- day sight on the postage stamps that Canal Zone residents will be using during the 50th Anniversary celebration month of August after the stamps go on sale August 15 at the Balboa post office. Postal Director Earl F. Unruh and his staff have designed a special official souvenir stamp folder commemorating the 50th Anniversary. These will be available and specific instruc- tions on how to get one are included in a story in this Review. E.xtra Review copies will be printed and sent to philatelic societies over the world. Including the regular printing of The Review, more than 35,000 copies of this issue will be distributed, a record for this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal 75Th Anniversary
    Nr/ PANAMA CANAL U-i-^ ^^^^ ^w ^r"'-*- - • «:'• 1! --a""'"!' "lt#;"l ii^'?:^, ^ L«^ riS^x- <t^mi a^ «t29) TP f-« RUlUiWiiIiT?;!!ive AiDum -T'te. 1914-1989 ; PANAIVii^ CANAL COMMISSION i /; BALBOA, REPUBLIC OF PANA^4A ADMINISTRATOR DEJ>UTY ADMINISTRATOR DP. McAuliffe Fernando Manfredo, Jr. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS :: : Wniic K. Friar The preparation of this special publication by the Office of Public Affairs involved the efforts of many people. Deserving special mention arc the photo lab technicians of the Graphic Branch, the Printing Office, the ?W Technical Resources Center, the Language Services Branch, and the Office of Executive Planning. Photographs are by Arthur Pollack, Kevin Jenkins, Armando DeGracia and Don Goode, who also shot the photo of Miraflores Locks that appears on the cover. Kaye Richey created the 75th Anniversary slogan and adapted the album text from the work of Gil Williams and of Richard Wainio of the Office of Executive Planning. Melvin D. Kennedy, Jr., designed the album and served as photo editor. Jaime Gutierrez created the 75th Anniversary logo and did the album layout. James J. Reid and Jos6 S. Alegria Ch. of the Printing Office were invaluable in the layout and typesetting process. An Official publication of the Panama Canal Commission, April 1989 <«•-!*»'•* J-V-y I m epuTu Administrator on the 75th Anniversary of the Panasr '\ eventy-five years ago, the world hailed the monumental engineeriiip^^^?x'emi3nt of the V> century. The opening of the Panama Canal on August 15, 1914, fulfillecJ ih»; ccnturies-olH . .^gjWEFt^" dream of uniting the world's two great oceans and established a new li.'k 'n the v;orld .
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review Our Cover
    COLLECTIOM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1976pana Of JL« CANAL EVIE CENTENNIAI EDITION 1976 I -.''• V From the Governor of the fanal Zone on the 200th anniversary of the United States Governor Harold R. Parfitt IN 1976, AS WE CELEBRATE nental Divide; constructing the largest This outstanding record was made the Bicentennial of the United earth dam ever built up to that time; possible by a dedicated work force States, the construction of the Panama designing and building the most of Americans and Panamanians, who - Canal stands out as one of the greatest massive canal locks ever envisioned; continue today, as the} have done milestones in the history of the nation. constructing the largest gates ever in the past, to operate this vital swung; conquering devastating utility for the benefit of all the It not only opened the way for landslides; and solving environmental nations of the world. westward expansion, it also gave the and health problems of enormous maritime world one of its most proportions. important links in the lanes of international commerce. As we look back over 200 years of history, it is fitting that we pay tribute Among the great peaceful endeavors to the builders of the Canal, to those of mankind that have contributed men and women of many nationalities significantly to progress in the world, whose initiative, determination, and the construction of the Canal stands devotion to duty were responsible for as an awe-inspiring achievement. its successful completion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review Is Published Twice a Year
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1977pana HAROLD R. PARFITT WILLIE K. FRIAR Governor-President Editor PANAMA ANAL RICHARD L. HUNT j Lieutenant Governor Writers Vic Canel, Fannie P. HERNANDEZ, FRANK A. BALDWIN Dolores E. Suisman Panama Canal Information Officer Official Panama Canal Publication Review articles may be reprinted without further clearance. Credit to the Review will be appreciated. The Panama Canal Review is published twice a year. Yearly subscription: regular mail $1.50, airmail $3, single copies 75 cents. For subscription, send check or money order, made payable to the Panama Canal Company, to Panama Canal Review, Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Editorial Office is located in Room 100, Administration Building, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Printed at the Panama Canal Printing Plant, La Boca, C.Z. Contents OurCover Postage stamps provide a unique <HE "BRIDGELESS" THATCHER look at local history 4 T Ferry Bridge stamp, one of the Triumph of Canal diggers best known rarities in the stamp world vividly depicted is among the Canal Zone stamps appearing on the cover of this edition. Airmail service to the Isthmus Six of these misprinted stamps are marvel of the age in the 1920's 10 along the right side of the page and can be compared to the perfectly Lindbergh opened route printed stamp, with the bridge in between Miami and silver, which is shown on the first dav Cristobal of issue cover at the top of the page. The bridge stamps are from the Those were the days when ..
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal a Challenge Met
    The Panama Canal A Challenge Met A World Changed Dr Kenneth Stein 2022 Grand World Zoom February 15, 2021 Original Panama Canal The Atlantic Bridge Opened August 2, 2019 Hopefully we’ll get this welcome… Left Agua Clara Right Gatun Original Mules Today’s Mules Agua Clara Locks Not Always Sunny Gatun Dam Welcome to Gatun Lake Leaving Gatun Lake and Entering the Gantun Channel 33 Electronic tracking & Navigation Stations Dredging continues every day; day in & day out And every night Shore Side Erosion Baru Drill Barge Crocodiles Sloth Blue-Footed Booby Primates Chagres River flows into the Panama Canal Gamboa Original Panama Canal Housing Titan Heavy Lift Crane • Built 1941 Germany • Lift 385 Tons • Boom 367 Feet High El Renacer Prison - Gamboa Home of Manuel Noriega Died 2017 The Culebra Channel Christensen Dipper Dredge Christensen in Action at the Culebra Culebra Cut What a difference a 100 years and a little landscaping can make. 1915 2015 The Centennial Bridge August 2004 Cucaracha Landing Centennial Bridge – Pedro Miguel Lock – Miraflores Locks Original and Expanded Canal – Pedro Miguel Lock Pedro Miguel Lock Control Station Pedro Miguel Boat Club Miraflores Visitors Center Canal Side Tug Landing Miraflores Dam Miraflores Power Station Swing Bridge Miraflores Locks June 3, 1942 The Nao Victoria Cocoli Southern Exit Bridge of the Americas Pacific Side Awesome in Daylight Beautiful at Night What Is It? Ideas The Panama Canal A Challenge Met A World Changed Dr. Kenneth Stein .
    [Show full text]
  • Panama-Personal Impressions of the Work on the Canal-I
    36£ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 363 I �. 7500 F! . GATUN SIDE ___ _MEAN SEA LEV�L.-=--:::<..:...O . __ ".' TEMPORARY SLUICEWAYS t e locks hll or the the r.�ntcr of the dam the spillway, with a ha l :l()O a l er cJllstruct n f m To the right arc h ilt of concrete in the solid rock on tho t'astcrly si 'c valley. In is c nne fcct wide. nurinil tho c r i io o the da • tbe "" River flowed through the spillway. For some months the river has b(!cn shut in by the err-eLiolt of the spillwa.y tin.lll. a.nd the Gatun Lak.e is slowly forminH. it.s level being t,o-jaY 20 leet C Uil-gros above the valley. To Prevent the lake trom rising ahove the lock :-;iiL!'S. the WaWl" will he rc;.;:ul ated hy tcrnpOl'ilry sluiceways ill tho SI)ilIway dam. Cross-section, not to scale, of the Chagres valley at Gatun, showing the locks, dam, and spillway. __ .!"_'LS�__ T�P _Of _GAT_U_N_ 9t't:1 _ _ __ __ _ __ Looking seaward from Colon, the Atlantic terminus of the Gatun Lake will cover the site of the town of Tabernilla, srl�';.-:'�:� lately removed, except for the few buildings sho.wn. I TOP 0,. GATES +87." canal. Note the foundations for the new Washington Hotel. ''Bs.Ii�Jot'''101 ! __ "f'.?:_I-fW�"L!-��L....!.!I�,!�I�.�y...!t�_ _ ---:-= . _____ C"".Jr"".lI".u. "'A;·�- --- - _ _. _. / \, - �-=- -- : --=_ - - - - - - - --.
    [Show full text]
  • HOW to POWER NAVIGATION LOCKS with ELECTRICITY by George Berman Alemán1
    PIANC-World Congress Panama City, Panama 2018 HOW TO POWER NAVIGATION LOCKS WITH ELECTRICITY by George Berman Alemán1 1. WHY WE NEED AN “AIR LIFT LOCK” DEVICE? The need to power navigation locks with electricity is simply being able to operate the locks when hydropower is not available. This technology is developed considering Panama’s need for more revenues from the Canal and population’s need for more potable water. Panama’s water resources, primarily from Lake Gatun, are abundant but several droughts made the population aware of its limits. The record for most annual transits was set in 1971, 14,500 transits or nearly 40 transits per day. This number of transits is essentially the limit to Canal operations set by the availability of hydropower. The Panama Canal Authority has increased its revenues by increasing the size, not the number, of ships that transit the Canal daily. The Neo Panamax Locks increased the average ship size and revenues but has not increase the total number of transits. In 2017, the total transits were 13,549 or 37 transits per day. The technology to power navigation locks with electricity will allow Panama to exploit its principal resource, it’s geographic location, to its full potential without the limit imposed by the availability of water. It will eliminate draft restrictions on shipping through the Canal during droughts, and it will guarantee the population potable water without compromising canal operations. This technology is developed in Panama because water conservation has become one of our country’s greater needs. 2. DESCRIPTION OF DEVICE The device that powers navigation locks with electricity is described first, for the clarity of further explanations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Sanitation in the Tropics
    Rural Sanitation in the Tropics Being Notes and Observations in the Malay Archipelago, Panama, and Other Lands by Malcolm Watson M.D., C.M., D.P.H. Originally published in 1915 by John Murray, London Electronic edition 2015 prepared by Michael Palmer, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix Foreword 2015 xi Preface xiii 1 Introductory1 2 British Malaya: malaria control in Klang district2 2.1 History.............................................2 2.2 Klang and Port Swettenham..............................4 2.2.1 Klang.......................................4 2.2.2 Choice of anti-malaria method....................4 2.2.3 Port Swettenham..............................5 2.2.4 Results......................................6 2.3 Rural malaria.........................................7 2.3.1 Malaria easily controlled on flat land................7 2.3.2 Hill land; persistence of malaria...................9 2.3.3 Subsoil drainage and its problems.................. 10 2.3.4 The area to be drained.......................... 10 2.3.5 Stone covering................................ 11 2.3.6 Spleen rates and death rates...................... 13 3 British Malaya: malaria control in the Federated Malay States 14 3.1 Malaria Advisory Board, Federated Malay States............... 14 3.1.1 Quinine..................................... 16 3.1.2 Pictorial Card................................. 16 3.1.3 Research.................................... 17 3.1.4 Terentang Estate Experiment...................... 17 3.2 The Anti-malaria Committee of the Straits Settlements.......... 18 3.3 Rice Fields and Malaria................................. 19 3.4 Water supplies in the Federated Malay States.................. 21 i Contents 3.4.1 The Coast Water Scheme......................... 21 3.4.2 Private Schemes............................... 22 3.4.3 Surface Wells................................. 22 3.5 Rules for Sanitation on Estates...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Some Historical Aspects on the Hydraulic Design of the Gatun Spillway in the Panama Canal
    8th IAHR ISHS 2020 Santiago, Chile, May 12th to 15th 2020 DOI: 10.14264/uql.2020.609 Some historical aspects on the hydraulic design of the Gatun Spillway in the Panama Canal A.V. Bal1, F. Re2, M.R. Lapetina2 & N. Badano2 1Panama Canal Authority Balboa, Panama 2Stantec Buenos Aires, Argentina E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Gatun spillway in the Panama Canal is built on top of the sea-level canal project, which was excavated between 1881 and 1887 by the Universal Company of the Interoceanic Canal, of France. The project was changed in October 1887 to a lock canal project. The design of the Gatun Spillway was developed between 1909 and 1911 by the Isthmian Canal Commission (ICC), an organization which reported directly to the United States Secretary of War, and which had the support of some of the best engineering minds working at the best universities, engineering companies and government institutions of the United States and Europe. A 1:32 scale physical model was used to aid in the spillway design. The spillway was completed in 1913 and the Panama Canal began operating on August 15th, 1914. This paper presents some engineering and historical aspects of the hydraulic design of the Gatun Spillway. The spillway design hydrograph and the methodology used to estimate the number of spillway gates required is contrasted to the current engineering practice. A detailed hydraulic engineering study was performed for the spillway between 2011 and 2013, in order to evaluate its hydraulic performance and to determine its discharge rating curve, using the OpenFoam CFD model and a physical model at a scale of 1:40.
    [Show full text]