THS A.P.E.S. CHAPTER 5
LAYERS OF POPULATION SPECIES COMMUNITY COMPLEXITY DYNAMICS AND INTERACTIONS COMPOSITION AND GROWTH MODELS RICHNESS POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
A former New England farm is now a forest.
The old stone walls Population and Community Ecology are the only evidence ! that this forest was once farmland. When the Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts in 1620, they found immense areas of undisturbed temperate seasonal forest containing a variety of tree species, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American beech (Fagus