Social Change: Mechanisms and Metaphors
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Theory of Change Primer
Theory of Change Primer A STAP Advisory Document November 2020 LEAD STAP AUTHOR: Mark Stafford Smith STAP CONTRIBUTORS: Rosie Cooney, Graciela Metternicht, Blake Ratner, Jamidu Katima, Saleem Ali, and Rosina Bierbaum STAP SECRETARIAT CONTRIBUTORS: Christopher Whaley and Guadalupe Durón SUGGESTED CITATION: Stafford Smith, M. 2020. Theory of Change Primer, A STAP Advisory Document. Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel to the Global Environment Facility. Washington, D.C. COPYRIGHT: This work is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivative Works License. ABOUT STAP: The Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) provides independent scientific and technical advice to the GEF on its strategies, programs and projects. https://stapgef.org ABOUT GEF: The Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to help tackle our planet’s most pressing environmental problems. Since then, the GEF has provided close to $20.5 billion in grants and mobilized an additional $112 billion in co-financing for more than 4,800 projects in 170 countries. Through its Small Grants Programme, the GEF has provided support to nearly 24,000 civil society and community initiatives in 133 countries. http://www.thegef.org COPY EDITOR: Emily Youers DESIGN AND LAYOUT: Phoenix Design Aid A/S, Denmark COVER PHOTOS: Ron Ramtang, Marius Dobilas, Marion Smith – Byers, Lucy Brown, Tati Nova photo Mexico, Jimmy Tran, Uwe Bergwitz, by VLADGRIN Theory of Change Primer A STAP Advisory Document November 2020 CONTENTS -
Using Theory of Change to Design and Evaluate Public Health Interventions: a Systematic Review Erica Breuer1*, Lucy Lee2, Mary De Silva2 and Crick Lund1
Breuer et al. Implementation Science (2016) 11:63 DOI 10.1186/s13012-016-0422-6 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Open Access Using theory of change to design and evaluate public health interventions: a systematic review Erica Breuer1*, Lucy Lee2, Mary De Silva2 and Crick Lund1 Abstract Background: Despite the increasing popularity of the theory of change (ToC) approach, little is known about the extent to which ToC has been used in the design and evaluation of public health interventions. This review aims to determine how ToCs have been developed and used in the development and evaluation of public health interventions globally. Methods: We searched for papers reporting the use of “theory of change” in the development or evaluation of public health interventions in databases of peer-reviewed journal articles such as Scopus, Pubmed, PsychInfo, grey literature databases, Google and websites of development funders. We included papers of any date, language or study design. Both abstracts and full text papers were double screened. Data were extracted and narratively and quantitatively summarised. Results: A total of 62 papers were included in the review. Forty-nine (79 %) described the development of ToC, 18 (29 %) described the use of ToC in the development of the intervention and 49 (79 %) described the use of ToC in the evaluation of the intervention. Although a large number of papers were included in the review, their descriptions of the ToC development and use in intervention design and evaluation lacked detail. Conclusions: The use of the ToC approach is widespread in the public health literature. Clear reporting of the ToC process and outputs is important to strengthen the body of literature on practical application of ToC in order to develop our understanding of the benefits and advantages of using ToC. -
Education for Social Change and Transformation: Case Studies of Critical Praxis
Volume 15(2) / Spring 2013 • ISSN 1523-1615 • http://www.tc.edu/cice Education for Social Change and Transformation: Case Studies of Critical Praxis 3 Educating All to Struggle for Social Change and Transformation: Introduction to Case Studies of Critical Praxis Dierdre Williams and Mark Ginsburg 15 Theatre-Arts Pedagogy for Social Justice: Case Study of the Area Youth Foundation in Jamaica Anne Hickling-Hudson 35 Promoting Change within the Constraints of Conflict: Case Study of Sadaka Reut in Israel Karen Ross 53 Promoting Civic Engagement in Schools in Non-Democratic Settings: Transforming the Approach and Practices of Iranian Educators Maryam Abolfazli and Maryam Alemi 63 Teacher Education for Social Change: Transforming a Content Methods Course Block Scott Ritchie, Neporcha Cone, Sohyun An, and Patricia Bullock 84 Re-framing, Re-imagining, and Re-tooling Curricula from the Grassroots: The Chicago Grassroots Curriculum Taskforce Isaura B. Pulido, Gabriel Alejandro Cortez, Ann Aviles de Bradley, Anton Miglietta, and David Stovall 96 Education Community Dialogue towards Building a Policy Agenda for Adult Education: Reflections Drawn from Experience Tatiana Lotierzo Hirano, Giovanna Modé Magalhães, Camilla Croso, Laura Giannecchini, and Fabíola Munhoz 108 Chilean Student Movements: Sustained Struggle to Transform a Market-oriented Educational System Cristián Bellei and Cristian Cabalin CURRENT ISSUES IN COMPARATIVE EDUCATION Volume 15, Issue 2 (Spring 2013) Special Guest Editors: Dierdre Williams, Open Society Foundations Mark Ginsburg, -
REFERENCES: Chanana, Karuna. Social Change Or Social Reform
REFERENCES: Chanana, Karuna. Social Change or Social Reform: The Education of Women in Pre- Independence India. Vol. 2: Women in Indian Society, in Social Structure and Change, edited by A. M. Shah, B. S. Baviskar and E. A. Ramaswamy, 113-148. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1996. Charlton, Bruce, and Peter Andras. The Modernization Imperative. Imprint Academic, 2003. Desai, I. P. The Western Educated Elites and Social Change in India. Vols. 1: Theory and Method - Evaluation of the Work of M. N. Srinivas, in Social Structure and Change, edited by A. M. Shah, B. S. Baviskar and E. A. Ramaswamy, 79-103. New Delhi: Sage Publications India, 1996. Deshpande, Satish. "Modernization." In Handbook of Indian Sociology, edited by Veena Das, 172-203. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. Harrison, David. The Sociology of Modernization and Development. New York: Routledge, 1988. Hutter, Mark. "History of Family." In The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, edited by George Ritzer, 1594-1600. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. Kamat, A. R. Essays on Social Change in India. Mumbai: Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1983. Khare, R. S. Social Description and Social Change: from Functional to Critical Cultural Significance. Vol. 1, in Social Structure and Change, edited by A. M. Shah, B. S. Baviskar and E. A. Ramaswamy, 56-63. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 1996. Mehta, V. R. Ideology, Modernization and Politics in India. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1983. Rudolph, Lloyd, and Susanne Rudolph. The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in Inida. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967. Singh, Yogendra. Essays on Modernization in India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1978. -
Neoconservatives Among Us? Astudy of Former Dissidents' Discourse
43 L 62 Neoconservatives Among Us? A Study of Former Dissidents’ Discourse* JENI SCHALLER Abstract: Neoconservative political thought has been characterized as “distinctly American”, but could there be fertile ground for its basic tenets in post-communist Europe? This paper takes an initial look at the acceptance of the ideas of American neo- conservative foreign policy among Czech elites who were dissidents under the communist regime. Open-ended, semi-structured interviews with eight former dissidents were con- ducted and then analyzed against a background of some fundamental features of neocon- servative foreign policy. Discourse analysis is the primary method of examination of the texts. Although a coherent discourse among Czech former dissidents cannot be said to ex- ist, certain aspects reminiscent of American neoconservative thought were found. Key words: neoconservatism, Czech dissidents, foreign policy, discourse analysis I. INTRODUCTION Neoconservatism, as a strain of political thought in the United States, has been represented as “distinctly American” and Irving Kristol, often considered the “godfather” of neoconservatism, emphatically states “[t]here is nothing like neoconservatism in Europe” (Kristol 2003: 33). Analyst Jeffrey Gedmin writes that the “environment for neoconservatism as such is an inhospitable one” in Europe, especially Germany (Gedmin 2004: 291). The states of Cen- tral Europe, in contrast to many of the established continental EU members, represent a rather more pro-American stance. With groups of former dissi- dents whose political leanings are in part informed by the American anti- communist, pro-democracy policies of the 1970s and 1980s, could there be a more hospitable environment for neoconservative ideas in a Central Euro- pean state such as the Czech Republic? The Czech dissident community was not as extensive or well-organised as that in Poland or even Hungary, largely due to the post-1968 “normalisation” in Czechoslovakia. -
Social Innovation and Its Relationship to Social Change: Verifying Existing Social Theories in Reference to Social
SI-DRIVE Social Innovation: Driving Force of Social Change SOCIAL INNOVATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOCIAL CHANGE Verifying existing Social Theories in reference to Social Innovation and its Relationship to Social Change D1.3 Project acronym SI-DRIVE Project title Social Innovation: Driving Force of Social Change Grand Agreement number 612870 Coordinator TUDO – TU Dortmund University Funding Scheme Collaborative project; Large scale integration project Due date of deliverable April 30 2016 Actual submission date April 30 2016 Start date of the project January 1 2014 Project duration 48 months Work package 1 Theory Lead beneficiary for this deliverable TUDO Authors Jürgen Howaldt (TUDO), Michael Schwarz Dissemination level public This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 612870. Acknowledgements We would like to thank all partners of the SI-DRIVE consortium for their comments to this paper. Also many thanks to Doris Schartinger and Matthias Weber for their contributions. We also thank Marthe Zirngiebl and Luise Kuschmierz for their support. SI-DRIVE “Social Innovation: Driving Force of Social Change” (SI-DRIVE) is a research project funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme. The project consortium consists of 25 partners, 15 from the EU and 10 from world regions outside the EU. SI-DRIVE is led by TU Dortmund University / Sozialforschungsstelle and runs from 2014-2017. 2 CONTENTS 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 2 Social Innovation Research and Concepts of Social Change ............................ 8 3 Theories of Social Change – an Overview ........................................................ 14 3.1 Social Innovations in Theories of Social Change ....................................................................................................... -
Ids Working Paper
IDS WORKING PAPER Volume 2017 No 499 Theories of Change for Promoting Empowerment and Accountability in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings Duncan Green October 2017 This paper is published in association with the Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme (A4EA). Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme In a world shaped by rapid change, the Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research programme focuses on fragile, conflict and violence affected settings to ask how social and political action for empowerment and accountability emerges in these contexts, what pathways it takes, and what impacts it has. A4EA is implemented by a consortium consisting of: the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), the Accountability Research Center (ARC), the Collective for Social Science Research (CSSR), the Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives (IDEAS), Itad, Oxfam GB, and the Partnership for African Social and Governance Research (PASGR). Research focuses on five countries: Egypt, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan. A4EA is funded by UK aid from the UK government. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official policies of our funder. Theories of Change for Promoting Empowerment and Accountability in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings Duncan Green IDS Working Paper 499 © Institute of Development Studies 2017 ISSN: 2040-0209 ISBN: 978-1-78118-405-9 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International licence, which permits downloading and sharing provided the original authors and source are credited – but the work is not used for commercial purposes. -
Centennial Bibliography on the History of American Sociology
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sociology Department, Faculty Publications Sociology, Department of 2005 Centennial Bibliography On The iH story Of American Sociology Michael R. Hill [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons Hill, Michael R., "Centennial Bibliography On The iH story Of American Sociology" (2005). Sociology Department, Faculty Publications. 348. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/sociologyfacpub/348 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Department, Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Hill, Michael R., (Compiler). 2005. Centennial Bibliography of the History of American Sociology. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. CENTENNIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY Compiled by MICHAEL R. HILL Editor, Sociological Origins In consultation with the Centennial Bibliography Committee of the American Sociological Association Section on the History of Sociology: Brian P. Conway, Michael R. Hill (co-chair), Susan Hoecker-Drysdale (ex-officio), Jack Nusan Porter (co-chair), Pamela A. Roby, Kathleen Slobin, and Roberta Spalter-Roth. © 2005 American Sociological Association Washington, DC TABLE OF CONTENTS Note: Each part is separately paginated, with the number of pages in each part as indicated below in square brackets. The total page count for the entire file is 224 pages. To navigate within the document, please use navigation arrows and the Bookmark feature provided by Adobe Acrobat Reader.® Users may search this document by utilizing the “Find” command (typically located under the “Edit” tab on the Adobe Acrobat toolbar). -
Conservatism and the Quest for Community
Conservatism and the Quest for Community William Schambra he age of obama has been an age of revival for the Progressive Tideal of a “national community.” It is a vision rooted in two core beliefs: that direct, local associations and channels of action are too often overwhelmed by the differences among communities and the fractious character of American public life; and that rather than strengthening the sources of these differences, modern government should seek to overcome them in the service of a coherent national ambition. By dis- tributing the same benefits, protections, and services to all Americans, fellow feeling and neighborliness can be fostered among the public; combined with the power of the national government and professional expertise, this communal sentiment can then become a valuable weapon for attacking America’s most pressing social problems. A century ago, this ideal was a central tenet of the Progressive agenda — which sought, as Progressive icon Herbert Croly put it in 1909, the “subordination of the individual to the demand of a dominant and constructive national purpose.” It was an important goal of the New Deal, which President Franklin Roosevelt described in 1933 as “extending to our national life the old principle of the local community.” It was the essence of the liberal agenda of the 1960s, which President Lyndon Johnson called an effort to “turn unity of interest into unity of purpose, and unity of goals into unity in the Great Society.” And it was at the core of Barack Obama’s campaign for the presidency in 2008, which promised to over- come petty differences and, as Obama put it in one campaign speech, to Wil l i a m Sch a m br a is the director of the Hudson Institute’s Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal. -
Robert A. Nisbet
A public intellectual ROBERT A. NISBET Note: This presentation is based on the theories of Robert Nisbet as presented in his works. A more complete summary of his theories (as well as the theories of other macro-theorists) can be found in Macrosociology: The Study of Sociocultural Systems, by Frank W. Elwell. If you would like to receive a .pdf file of the chapter on Nisbet please write me at [email protected] and put Nisbet.pdf in the subject line. A Short Biography Robert Alexander Nisbet was born on September 30, 1913 in Los Angeles, the oldest of three boys born to Henry and Cynthia Nisbet. He began at the University of California at Berkeley in 1932. A Short Biography His association with Berkeley proved both long and fruitful. He completed his Bachelor’s degree in 1936, his M.A, in 1937, and his Ph.D. in 1939. A Short Biography Upon obtaining his Ph.D. he accepted an instructor’s position at Berkeley, subsequently rising through the ranks to full professor there in 1953. A Short Biography Nisbet served in World War II, enlisting in the Army in 1943 and serving in the Pacific eventually achieving the rank of staff sergeant. A Short Biography In 1953 he left Berkeley to become the founding dean of the College of Letters and Science at the new Riverside campus of the University of California, later becoming vice chancellor there in 1960. A Short Biography In 1963 he left academic administration, believing that “administrative work, sufficiently prolonged, has a sterilizing effect upon the creative or the scholarly mind.” A Short Biography After 30 years, Nisbet retired from the University of California in 1972, first accepting a position at the University of Arizona, and then moving on to the Albert Schweitzer Chair at Columbia University in 1974 working with Robert K. -
Module 7 Key Thinkers Lecture 36 Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer
NPTEL – Humanities and Social Sciences – Introduction to Sociology Module 7 Key Thinkers Lecture 36 Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer The thoughts of Auguste Comte (1798-1857), who coined the term sociology, while dated and riddled with weaknesses, continue in many ways to be important to contemporary sociology. First and foremost, Comte's positivism — the search for invariant laws governing the social and natural worlds — has influenced profoundly the ways in which sociologists have conducted sociological inquiry. Comte argued that sociologists (and other scholars), through theory, speculation, and empirical research, could create a realist science that would accurately "copy" or represent the way things actually are in the world. Furthermore, Comte argued that sociology could become a "social physics" — i.e., a social science on a par with the most positivistic of sciences, physics. Comte believed that sociology would eventually occupy the very pinnacle of a hierarchy of sciences. Comte also identified four methods of sociology. To this day, in their inquiries sociologists continue to use the methods of observation, experimentation, comparison, and historical research. While Comte did write about methods of research, he most often engaged in speculation or theorizing in order to attempt to discover invariant laws of the social world. Comte's famed "law of the three stages" is an example of his search for invariant laws governing the social world. Comte argued that the human mind, individual human beings, all knowledge, and world history develop through three successive stages. The theological stage is dominated by a search for the essential nature of things, and people come to believe that all phenomena are created and influenced by gods and supernatural forces. -
Theory of Change
THEORY OF CHANGE UNDAF CAMPANION GUIDANCE 1 ! UNDAF COMPANION GUIDANCE: THEORY OF CHANGE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 3 ................................................................................................................................. 2. THE CONCEPT 4 What is a theory of change? ............................................................................................................................. 4 Purpose: Why use a theory of change? .............................................................................................................. 4 Methodology: How to develop a theory of change? .............................................................................................. 4 Key principles for developing a theory of change ................................................................................................ 5 Key steps for developing a theory of change ...................................................................................................... 5 3. MOVING FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE ................................................................................. 6 Step 1: Focus ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Step 2: Change analysis .................................................................................................................................