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Disaster Management Strategy for Avoiding the Future Losses by a Slope Failure at Nanhuan Road, Fuxin Area, Northeast China

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Disaster Management Strategy for Avoiding the Future Losses by a Slope Failure at Nanhuan Road, Fuxin Area, Northeast China Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan et al., IJNSR, 2020; 5:15 Research Article IJNSR (2020) 5:15 International Journal of Natural Science and Reviews (ISSN:2576-5086) Disaster management strategy for avoiding the future losses by a slope failure at Nanhuan road, Fuxin area, Northeast China Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan1, Changming Wang1*, Zhu Liang1, Lixin Zhang2 1College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R China. 2Liaoning Traffic Planning and Design Institute, Shenyang 110005, China ABSTRACT Many surrounding areas in the vicinity of failed slope at Nanhuan *Correspondence to Author: road, Fuxin area, Northeast China are witnessed as the signs of Changming Wang disaster. The observed settlement as wastage of an active mass College of Construction Engineerin- in the area has been observed after the excessive precipitation g, Jilin University, Changchun 1300 in 2012 (May to October) which caused infrastructural damages 21, P.R China. (Roads at the top and bottom of the failure zone), agricultural fields and residential areas. Therefore, the paper proposes examining this subject. An extensive field investigation was How to cite this article: conducted in the area of Fuxin, west of Liaoning province China. Kaleem Ullah Jan Kha, Changming It is recommended and suggested that a series of disaster Wang, Zhu Liang, Lixin Zhang. prevention and both structural and non-structural mitigation Disaster management strategy measures with the involvement of government and local for avoiding the future losses by community are required, to be prepared in advance for avoiding a slope failure at Nanhuan road, the future economic loss as well as the impending disaster in Fuxin area, Northeast China. Inter- the area. This paper also highlights the need of investigation national Journal of Natural Science in response mechanism and forward planning for awareness and Reviews, 2020; 5:15. initiatives: to avoid the future hazard in the remotest failure zones of Fuxin area, Northeast China. Keywords: Landslides; Fuxin; Disaster; Management strategy eSciPub LLC, Houston, TX USA. Website: https://escipub.com/ IJNSR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-natural-science-and-reviews/ 1 Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan et al., IJNSR, 2020; 5:15 1. Introduction surroundings to the risks employed by natural hazards. For this purpose, an urgent emergency Disaster is basically not a crisis but a situation in planning and arrangements with voluntary local which most important decisions should be taken communities and private entrepreneurs by in- in a short duration of time including procedures volving government endeavours should carried of management and maintenance under major out to respond the occurrence of disaster. technical conditions involving loss of lives [1,6] and damage of infrastructure. Many researchers This research emphasizes that an urgent treat- have defined disaster in terms of dependency ment is needed on priority basis for the sliding at upon its nature of occurrence [2,3,6,7,8]. The disas- Nanhuan road, Fuxin area, Northeast China fol- ter occurred due to a slope failure in Fuxin area, lowed by a slope failure (eventualized by natural Northeast China is a kind of geological disaster degradational and unplanned artificial filling pro- having devastating impacts on human lives, in- cesses together with atmospheric precipitation frastructure and vegetative fields in the sur- and anthropogenic activities), which cause a po- roundings, which can cause a great economic tential threat to the infrastructure and people re- loss. siding in surroundings of the failure zone. It is observed in the field investigation that the 2. The area moment of slope failure in Fuxin area is in hori- 2.1 Geography and Climate zontal downward direction (from crest to toe) The area under study is located at Nanhuan which converts the gravitational potential energy road, Fuxin city, situated to the west of Liaoning into kinetic energy causing diastrophism and province, Northeast China (Figure. 1). The west denudation in the form of debris and landslide, of the area is adjacent to Chifeng, In-ner based on the mechanism of mass movement in Mongolia and is mainly controlled by the air- the area. There is no doubt that the instability of flow from Xipoliang to Inner Mongolia. The slope is mainly due to the disturbance in equilib- max-imum and uniform wind speed is 7 푚/푠 rium between the shearing stress and strength and 1 − 3 푚/푠 respectively. Xihe river in the followed by various exo-indogenetic forces. west and Guanshan river is located southward However, it should be taken into consideration of the failure zone. that the slope failure cannot be caused only by The maximum daily and the average annual one factor, though a single factor can play a vital rainfall recorded in this area ranges 147 푚푚/ role in failure at specific time and place. In the 푑푎푦 and from 480 − 600 푚푚/푦푒푎푟 respec- present case of fragile environment in Fuxin tively, with high annual precipitation rate in this area, the slope is observed to be governed by region. The intense prolong rainfall events par- various causative factors to failure. ticularly in the rainy season are associated with In order to neutralize all the negative impacts rainstorms level of 53 푚푚/ℎ표푢푟, which consid- which results from disasters are not commonly ers as an unfavourable characteristic of rainfall agreeable. However, the impacts of those disas- and is identified as the frequent cause of land- ters on infrastructure and lives can be minimized slide. The climate of this area belongs to the by efforts and planning. In this regard, the effec- northern temperate continental semi-arid mon- tive strategy for disaster management plays an soon climate zone. From 푀푎푦 푡표 푂푐푡표푏푒푟 2012 important role as a key element for good govern- (approximately 50 years’ post filling), prolong [4] ance . rainfall events ranging from 3 − 7 푑푎푦푠 which Unplanned artificial filling of slope in the failure triggered the failure across all infrastructure of zone of Fuxin, anthropogenic interventions, un- the area at top and bottom of the slope. As prone planned design of infrastructure and urban plan- to failure, which could affect living and transpor- ning in the area further extend the vulnerability tation networks are the prime reasons for inves- of failure and expose the people residing in the tigating the study area. IJNSR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-natural-science-and-reviews/ 2 Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan et al., IJNSR, 2020; 5:15 2.2 Geology Kaiyuan fault marks the boundary between them [5] The Fuxin area is mainly divided into the Bainai- . Lingyuan-Beipiao fault, trending NEE divides mio arc towards north and north china craton sit- the NE north china craton into Liaoxi block (west- uated in the south, where NEE trending Chifeng- ern Liaoning), Neimeng block (Inner Mongolia) [9]. Figure 1. Location of the area under study (the area encircled is representing prominent failure). The landform of the site under study (Figure. 1) outcrop of the slope area is predominantly com- in Fuxin is mainly hilly area which is piled up posed of silty clay overlain by a conglomeratic manually approximately 30 푡표 80 푚 with con- unit where the sandstone of cretaceous Sunjia- glomerates and other related size boulders with wan formation is probably representing the bed- underlain silty clay in an excavated open-pit rock. The top view of the failure zone can be mine for approximately 50 years ago. The seen in (Figure. 2). Figure 2. Field view of Fuxin Slide Zone near top of the slope. The exposed conglomeratic unit of the slope is demonstrates the right and left overview of slope presented in (Figure. 3 (a), (b)) which clearly and composition of material in the study area. IJNSR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-natural-science-and-reviews/ 3 Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan et al., IJNSR, 2020; 5:15 Figure 3 (a). Field view from right-top of Fuxin active slide failure zone. Figure 3 (b). Field view from left-top of Fuxin active slide failure zone. The occurrence of this landslide in Fuxin is ob- the surroundings. The field view from bottom to served at middle-low level (70 − 100 푚) from top of the failed slope can be seen in (Figure. 4). top to downward direction causing damages in Figure 4. Field view from bottom to top of the failed slope (infrastructural damage can also be seen within the picture). IJNSR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-natural-science-and-reviews/ 4 Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan et al., IJNSR, 2020; 5:15 Fractures developed as the results of tensile and observed at the top in conglomeratic outcrop of compressive strains generated due to overbur- failed slope in dry and snow seasons (Figure. 5 den stresses from the surroundings can be (a), (b)). Figure 5 (a). Nearby view of cracks near slope surface in dry season. Figure 5 (b). Nearby view of downstream large cracks near slope surface in snow season. 3. Scenario of landslide sizes of rock fragments including Sandstone, During the attempts made for the field investiga- Silty clay and some related size large boulders). tion in the area, it is revealed that fewer small Large fractures nearby the roads at left and right scars of landslide had developed after 50 years bottom in the vicinity of the sliding zone have of post-artificial filling in the area. These slide also been endangered which are observed dur- scars were than become severe and enlarged ing field investigation (Figure. 6 (a), (b)). The after the extreme rainfall events in 2012. Pres- seasonal rainfall from
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