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Synopsis and Typification of the Passifloraceae Names in Rafinesque’S Publications

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Synopsis and Typification of the Passifloraceae Names in Rafinesque’S Publications Feuillet, C. and J.M. MacDougal. 2017. Synopsis and typification of the Passifloraceae names in Rafinesque’s publications. Phytoneuron 2017-73: 1–12. Published 25 October 2017. ISSN 2153 733X SYNOPSIS AND TYPIFICATION OF THE PASSIFLORACEAE NAMES IN RAFINESQUE’S PUBLICATIONS CHRISTIAN FEUILLET Department of Botany, NMNH MRC-166 Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 Corresponding author: [email protected] Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331-2902 [email protected] JOHN M. MAC DOUGAL Harris-Stowe State University Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Saint Louis, Missouri 63103 [email protected] Missouri Botanical Garden Saint Louis, Missouri 63116 ABSTRACT We discuss the names published and cited by Rafinesque between 1818 and 1838 that are relevant to the Passifloraceae sensu stricto and designate types and lectotypes when needed. An effort is made to preserve generic and infrageneric nomenclature through the choice of type species. The currently accepted names are given. Passiflora L. (Linnaeus 1753: 955) with 600+ species (MacDougal & Feuillet, unpublished results) is the largest genus of the Passifloraceae s. str. Its species are mostly distributed in the New World with 14 species native in the continental USA (Goldman & MacDougal, 2015), including P. incarnata L., the type of the genus. Infrageneric categories have been described, split, and regrouped in various ways; new names and new combinations have been made by many authors; ex.: Jussieu (1789: 397–399); Rafinesque (1836: 102–104 [published mid-1838]); Bory (1819: 129–156); de Candolle (1822: 435–436; 1828: 321–337); Labillardière (1825: 78–79); Reichenbach (1828–1829: 132); Roemer (1846: 125–207); Karsten (1857: 438; 1860: 77, t. 38); Masters (1871: 625–639; 1872: 536–620); Triana & Planchon (1873: 126–180); Harms (1893: 86–92; 1925: 495–507); Cortés (1897: 73–74); Killip (1938: 24–76); Escobar (1988); Cervi (1997: 6–10); Feuillet & MacDougal (2003: 35– 38); MacDougal & Feuillet (2004: 27–31). The current concept of a large genus Passiflora including Tetrastylis Barb. Rodr. (Barbosa Rodrigues 1882: 260), Tetrapathea Rchb. (Reichenbach 1828–1829: 132), and Hollrungia K. Schum. (Schumann 1887: 212) is supported by molecular data (Muschner et al. 2003; Yockteng & Nadot 2004; Krosnick & Freudenstein 2005; Hansen et al. 2006; Hearn 2006; Krosnick et al. 2013). Because Rafinesque published in the first half of the 19 th century and because he commonly redefined or replaced earlier names, including his own, with names he liked better, it is important to typify the generic and subgeneric names to stabilize their identity and when possible to avoid disturbing the currently accepted nomenclature. Rafinesque wrote prolifically on many disciplines: zoology, botany, geology, chemistry, mathematics, inventions, semiology, literature, meteorology, linguistics, anthropology ... in English, French, Italian, Latin ... (Warren 2004), but described taxa with a great economy of words and even letters as shown below. In his pamphlet titled Neogenyton, Feuillet & MacDougal: Rafinesque's Passifloraceae names 2 Rafinesque (1825) described 66 new genera in four pages. Obviously, this style is detrimental to clarity. Merrill (1949: 170–171) listed the 17 generic and infrageneric names published by Rafinesque (1818, 1819, 1836) in the Passifloraceae. Names are listed alphabetically, regardless of rank, with place of publication, status, species included. Merrill used only once the word 'type', much less than Rafinesque himself (1836). RAFINESQUE ’S SOMEWHAT CRYPTIC ABBREVIATIONS Ad. = Michel Adanson (Adans.) Andr. rep. = The botanist’s repository vol. 5; text by John Kennedy 1802 (J. Kenn.); painting/engraving by Henry Charles Andrews (Andrews) b. m. or b. mag. = Curtis’s Botanical Magazine Dec. = Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (DC.) diff. = differs do = ditto G. = genus J. or Jus. = Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (Juss.) M. M. = American Monthly Magazine N. [in 1818] = new N [in 1819 & 1825] = Thomas Nuttall (Nutt.) N [in 1836] = Noel Martin Joseph de Necker (Neck.) N. G. = new genus P. [in 1819] = Frederick Traugott Pursh (Pursh) P. [in 1836] = Christiaan Hendrick Persoon (Pers.) Pas. = Passiflora R. = Constantin Samuel Rafinesque (Raf.) Rheed. = Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede (Rheede), a pre-Linnean Sm. = James Edward Smith (Sm.) sq. = squamis T. = Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (Tourn.), a pre-Linnean tacs. = Tacsonia W. = Carl Ludwig Willdenow (Willd.) NOMENCLATURE Rafinesque’s names that belong in the Passifloraceae are presented in chronological order of publication, and for each date in alphabetical order. For each, the original text, usually very short, is cited in its entirety. In the quotes we follow the original fonts, except for the occasional characters in bold in the original that are not always very obvious. The types are cited or designated as well as the basionyms, and the currently accepted names are given. A. 1815 Tableau de l’Univers “PASSIFLOREA. Ex. G. Passiflora L. Murucuia Juss.” PASSIFLORACEAE Raf. (1815: 182, as “PASSIFLOREA”), later homonym. = Passifloraceae Juss. (1805a) ex Roussel (1806: 334, as "Passifloreae"); nom. cons. B. Baldwinia versus Balduinia 1818–1819 Rafinesque (Feb 1818: 267) wrote: “102. Passiflora peltata, must form the N.G. Baldwinia ” Feuillet & MacDougal: Rafinesque's Passifloraceae names 3 without reference to the author or the publication of Passiflora peltata Cav. (1790: 447). Because there is no description and no reference to a previously published description, Baldwinia Raf. (1818) is invalid (McNeill et al. 2012: Art. 38.1) and Balduina Nutt. is a valid name in the Asteraceae. Rafinesque later wrote (1819: 260): “49. Passiflora peltata, P., doit former un nouveau genre Balduinia, Raf. M. M., (janv.1818) 50. Le genre Balduinia, N., doit donc être changé en Endorima, Raf. M. M., 1819 ” It could be argued that, in comment 49, “P.” for Pursh [1814: 445] associated with the orthographic variant is an indirect reference to a previously published description although Pursh cited Cavanilles (1790: t. 274) only as second (of three) reference after Willdenow (1800: 617 [Jan 1802]) who himself gave first his own signed description and then cited Cavanilles (1790: 447, t. 274), Tournefort (1700: 240), and Plumier (1693: 70, t. 85). Nevertheless, as noted in comment 50, Balduina Nutt., nom. cons. , (ASTERACEAE; Nuttall July 1818, 2: 175) is similar to Baldwinia . So Balduinia Raf. (1819), the most recent, is illegitimate (McNeill et al. 2012: Art. 60.Rec. 60B). Baldwinia Raf. 1818: 267; invalid: no description. Balduinia Raf. 1819: 260; orth. var.; illegitimate: later homonym of Balduinia Nutt. 1818. Both based on Passiflora peltata Cav. 1790: 447, t. 274. = Passiflora L. 1753 Index Kewensis (Jackson 1895) and IPNI (consulted 29 Sep 2017) cite Baldwinia peltata , but Rafinesque did not associate the two words in 1818 or 1819. Then in 1836 [1838] he placed P. peltata in Meioperis (see below). Baldwinia peltata Raf. ex Jackson, Index Kew. 1: 265. 1895; invalid: new combination in an invalid genus, with no intention to describe the genus. Type : Based on Passiflora peltata Cav. = Passiflora suberosa L. (1753: 958) subsp. suberosa . Notes : In the Asteraceae, Endorima Raf. (1819: 260) is an illegitimate renaming of Balduina Nutt. (July 1818: 175) which is conserved against Mnesiteon Raf. (Oct–Dec 1817: 67). C. 1836 Flora Telluriana [published mid-1838] 1. Blephistelma Raf. (1836: 103) [mid-1838] “1128. BLEPHISTELMA R. (cil. crown) diff. Passifl. cal. tubuloso, petalis brevis, nect. tubul. lobato ciliato—Type: Bl. aurantia Raf. Murucuia do P. passifl. do Forst. W. Sm. Andr. rep. t. 295. fol. glabris 3-5lobis obt. New Caledon.” Blephistelma is a superfluous renaming of Disemma Labill. (1825: 78, t. 79); same type. Type : Blephistelma aurantia Raf. (Rafinesque 1836: 103) [mid-1838]. = Disemma aurantia (G. Forst.) Labill. (1825: 78, t. 79). = Passiflora aurantia G. Forst. (Forster 1786: 62). = Passiflora L. 1753 2. Erndelia Raf. (1836: 104) [mid-1838] “1133. ERNDELIA Raf. non Necker, diff. Tacsonia cal. et cor. apex reflexa, corona duplice concentrica—Type E. reflexiflora Raf. Pas. do Cav. Tacs. do Pers.” Not Erndelia Neck. (Necker 1790 [see Murucuia below]; published in an opera utiq. oppr. See McNeill (2006), App. VI: 483). Not Erndlia Giseke (1792: 199, 209) ZINGIBERACEAE. Feuillet & MacDougal: Rafinesque's Passifloraceae names 4 Type : Erndelia reflexiflora (Cav. 1799: 15, t. 425) Raf. = Passiflora reflexiflora Cav. 1799: 15, t. 425. = Passiflora L. 1753 3. Macrophora Raf. (1836: 103) [mid-1838] “1125. MACROPHORA Raf. diff. Passifl . cal. tubo brevi, gynophoro longissimo, nect. dupl. series, stam. dilat. planis basi coactilis, antheris magnis—Type M. sanguinea Raf. Pass. do Sm. &c fol. 3lobis serratis acutis egland. cal. et ovar. toment. Antilles” Type : Macrophora sanguinea (Sm.) Raf. 1836: 103 [mid-1838]. = Passiflora sanguinea Sm. (Smith 1814, 26(2): Passiflora N° 45). = Passiflora quadriglandulosa Rodschied (1794: 77). = Passiflora L. 1753 4. Meioperis Raf. (1836: 103) [mid-1838]. “1126. MEIOPERIS Raf. diff. Passifl. cal. 5part. petalis nullis, corona duplex, nect. sepe simplex planum—Types M. peltata , suberosa , minima [,] pallida , multiflora , angustif .[ olia ,] pannosa , hederacea &c, all Passifloras” See under Baldwinia (above). Lectotype here designated : Meioperis peltata (Cav. 1790: 447, t. 274) Raf. (1836: 103) [mid-1838]. = Passiflora peltata Cav. = Passiflora
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