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Large Igneous Provinces: a Driver of Global Environmental and Biotic Changes, Geophysical Monograph 255, First Edition
2 Radiometric Constraints on the Timing, Tempo, and Effects of Large Igneous Province Emplacement Jennifer Kasbohm1, Blair Schoene1, and Seth Burgess2 ABSTRACT There is an apparent temporal correlation between large igneous province (LIP) emplacement and global envi- ronmental crises, including mass extinctions. Advances in the precision and accuracy of geochronology in the past decade have significantly improved estimates of the timing and duration of LIP emplacement, mass extinc- tion events, and global climate perturbations, and in general have supported a temporal link between them. In this chapter, we review available geochronology of LIPs and of global extinction or climate events. We begin with an overview of the methodological advances permitting improved precision and accuracy in LIP geochro- nology. We then review the characteristics and geochronology of 12 LIP/event couplets from the past 700 Ma of Earth history, comparing the relative timing of magmatism and global change, and assessing the chronologic support for LIPs playing a causal role in Earth’s climatic and biotic crises. We find that (1) improved geochronol- ogy in the last decade has shown that nearly all well-dated LIPs erupted in < 1 Ma, irrespective of tectonic set- ting; (2) for well-dated LIPs with correspondingly well-dated mass extinctions, the LIPs began several hundred ka prior to a relatively short duration extinction event; and (3) for LIPs with a convincing temporal connection to mass extinctions, there seems to be no single characteristic that makes a LIP deadly. Despite much progress, higher precision geochronology of both eruptive and intrusive LIP events and better chronologies from extinc- tion and climate proxy records will be required to further understand how these catastrophic volcanic events have changed the course of our planet’s surface evolution. -
The Composition of the Lunar Crust: Radiative Transfer Modeling and Analysis of Lunar Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra
THE COMPOSITION OF THE LUNAR CRUST: RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF LUNAR VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS DECEMBER 2009 By Joshua T.S. Cahill Dissertation Committee: Paul G. Lucey, Chairperson G. Jeffrey Taylor Patricia Fryer Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis Trevor Sorensen Student: Joshua T.S. Cahill Student ID#: 1565-1460 Field: Geology and Geophysics Graduation date: December 2009 Title: The Composition of the Lunar Crust: Radiative Transfer Modeling and Analysis of Lunar Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology and Geophysics. Dissertation Committee: Names Signatures Paul G. Lucey, Chairperson ____________________________ G. Jeffrey Taylor ____________________________ Jeffrey J. Gillis-Davis ____________________________ Patricia Fryer ____________________________ Trevor Sorensen ____________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must first express my love and appreciation to my family. Thank you to my wife Karen for providing love, support, and perspective. And to our little girl Maggie who only recently became part of our family and has already provided priceless memories in the form of beautiful smiles, belly laughs, and little bear hugs. The two of you provided me with the most meaningful reasons to push towards the "finish line". I would also like to thank my immediate and extended family. Many of them do not fully understand much about what I do, but support the endeavor acknowledging that if it is something I’m willing to put this much effort into, it must be worthwhile. -
South Pole-Aitken Basin
Feasibility Assessment of All Science Concepts within South Pole-Aitken Basin INTRODUCTION While most of the NRC 2007 Science Concepts can be investigated across the Moon, this chapter will focus on specifically how they can be addressed in the South Pole-Aitken Basin (SPA). SPA is potentially the largest impact crater in the Solar System (Stuart-Alexander, 1978), and covers most of the central southern farside (see Fig. 8.1). SPA is both topographically and compositionally distinct from the rest of the Moon, as well as potentially being the oldest identifiable structure on the surface (e.g., Jolliff et al., 2003). Determining the age of SPA was explicitly cited by the National Research Council (2007) as their second priority out of 35 goals. A major finding of our study is that nearly all science goals can be addressed within SPA. As the lunar south pole has many engineering advantages over other locations (e.g., areas with enhanced illumination and little temperature variation, hydrogen deposits), it has been proposed as a site for a future human lunar outpost. If this were to be the case, SPA would be the closest major geologic feature, and thus the primary target for long-distance traverses from the outpost. Clark et al. (2008) described four long traverses from the center of SPA going to Olivine Hill (Pieters et al., 2001), Oppenheimer Basin, Mare Ingenii, and Schrödinger Basin, with a stop at the South Pole. This chapter will identify other potential sites for future exploration across SPA, highlighting sites with both great scientific potential and proximity to the lunar South Pole. -
Case Study of the Internal Growth Dynamics of NASA
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1971 Case study of the internal growth dynamics of NASA Bruce M. Whitehead The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Whitehead, Bruce M., "Case study of the internal growth dynamics of NASA" (1971). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1747. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1747 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CASE STUDY OF THE INTERNAL GROWTH DYNAMICS OF NASA By Bruce M. Whitehead B.A. University of Montana, 1970 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1971 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dea^ Grad^txe 7/ UMI Number: EP35189 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI OlM«rt*tk>n Publishing UMI EP35189 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. -
The Disintegration of the Wolf Creek Meteorite and the Formation of Pecoraite, the Nickel Analog of Clinochrysotile
The Disintegration of the Wolf Creek Meteorite and the Formation of Pecoraite, the Nickel Analog of Clinochrysotile GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 384-C 1 mm ^^ 5 -fc;- Jj. -f->^ -J^' ' _." ^P^-Arvx^B^ »""*- 'S y^'ir'*'*'/?' trK* ^-7 A5*^v;'VvVr*'^**s! ^^^^V'^"^"''"X^^i^^?l^"%^ - ! ^ Pecoraite, Wolf Creek meteorite of Australia. Upper, Pecoraite grains separated by hand picking from crack fillings in the meteorite (X 25). Lower, Pecoraite grains lining the walls of some cracks in the meteorite. The extent of disintegration of the original metal lic phases into new phases, chiefly goethite and maghemite, is apparent (X 2.3). THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE WOLF CREEK METEORITE AND THE FORMATION OF PECORAITE, THE NICKEL ANALOG OF CLINOCHRYSOTILE The Disintegration of the Wolf Creek Meteorite and the Formation of Pecoraite, the Nickel Analog of Clinochrysotile By GEORGE T. FAUST, JOSEPH J. FAHEY, BRIAN H. MASON and EDWARD J. DWORNIK STUDIES OF THE NATURAL PHASES IN THE SYSTEM MgO-SiO2 -H2O AND THE SYSTEMS CONTAINING THE CONGENERS OF MAGNESIUM GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 384-C Origin of pecoraite elucidated through its properties and in terms of the geochemical balance in its desert environment UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-600160 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.30 Stock -
GRAIL Gravity Observations of the Transition from Complex Crater to Peak-Ring Basin on the Moon: Implications for Crustal Structure and Impact Basin Formation
Icarus 292 (2017) 54–73 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus GRAIL gravity observations of the transition from complex crater to peak-ring basin on the Moon: Implications for crustal structure and impact basin formation ∗ David M.H. Baker a,b, , James W. Head a, Roger J. Phillips c, Gregory A. Neumann b, Carver J. Bierson d, David E. Smith e, Maria T. Zuber e a Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA b NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA c Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA d Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA e Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: High-resolution gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission provide Received 14 September 2016 the opportunity to analyze the detailed gravity and crustal structure of impact features in the morpho- Revised 1 March 2017 logical transition from complex craters to peak-ring basins on the Moon. We calculate average radial Accepted 21 March 2017 profiles of free-air anomalies and Bouguer anomalies for peak-ring basins, protobasins, and the largest Available online 22 March 2017 complex craters. Complex craters and protobasins have free-air anomalies that are positively correlated with surface topography, unlike the prominent lunar mascons (positive free-air anomalies in areas of low elevation) associated with large basins. -
Science Concept 3: Key Planetary
Science Concept 6: The Moon is an Accessible Laboratory for Studying the Impact Process on Planetary Scales Science Concept 6: The Moon is an accessible laboratory for studying the impact process on planetary scales Science Goals: a. Characterize the existence and extent of melt sheet differentiation. b. Determine the structure of multi-ring impact basins. c. Quantify the effects of planetary characteristics (composition, density, impact velocities) on crater formation and morphology. d. Measure the extent of lateral and vertical mixing of local and ejecta material. INTRODUCTION Impact cratering is a fundamental geological process which is ubiquitous throughout the Solar System. Impacts have been linked with the formation of bodies (e.g. the Moon; Hartmann and Davis, 1975), terrestrial mass extinctions (e.g. the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction; Alvarez et al., 1980), and even proposed as a transfer mechanism for life between planetary bodies (Chyba et al., 1994). However, the importance of impacts and impact cratering has only been realized within the last 50 or so years. Here we briefly introduce the topic of impact cratering. The main crater types and their features are outlined as well as their formation mechanisms. Scaling laws, which attempt to link impacts at a variety of scales, are also introduced. Finally, we note the lack of extraterrestrial crater samples and how Science Concept 6 addresses this. Crater Types There are three distinct crater types: simple craters, complex craters, and multi-ring basins (Fig. 6.1). The type of crater produced in an impact is dependent upon the size, density, and speed of the impactor, as well as the strength and gravitational field of the target. -
The Complete Guide to Mysterious Beings
This book is dedicated to the memory of Otto Binder, Charles Bowen, Alex Jackinson, Coral and Jim Lorenzen, Ivan T. Sanderson and all the others who spent their lives pursuing the unknown and the unknowable. CONTENTS 1. A World Filled with Ambling Nightmares 2. ”The Uglies and the Nasties” 3. Demon Dogs and Phantom Cats 4. Flying Felines 5. The Incomprehensibles 6. Giants in the Earth or ”Marvelous Big Men and Great Enmity” 7. The Hairy Ones 8. Meanwhile in Russia 9. Big Feet and Little Brains 10. Creatures from the Black Lagoon 11. Those Silly ”Flying Saucer” People 12. The Big Joke from Outer Space 13. Cattle Rustlers from the Skies 14. The Grinning Man 15. Cherubs, Angels, and Greys 16. The Bedroom Invaders 17. Winged Weirdos 18. The Man-Birds 19. West Virginia's ”Mothman” 20. Unidentified Swimming Objects 21. Scoliophis Atlanticus 22. The Great Sea Serpent of Silver Lake, New York 23. The Yellow Submarine Caper 24. Something Else... Afterword: 2002 ONE A WORLD FILLED WITH AMBLING NIGHTMARES No matter where you live on this planet, someone within two hundred miles of your home has had a direct confrontation with a frightening apparition or inexplicable ”monster” within the last generation. Perhaps it was even your cousin or your next-door neighbor. There is a chance – a very good one – that sometime in the next few years you will actually come face to face with a giant hair-covered humanoid or a little man with bulging eyes, surrounded by a ghostly greenish glow. An almost infinite variety of known and unknown creatures thrive on this mudball and appear regularly year after year, century after century. -
Sixth Microgravity Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Conference Abstracts
NASA/TM--2002-211211 Sixth Microgravity Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Conference Abstracts August 2002 The NASA STI Program Office... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for technical, or historical information from NASA's scientific and technical information. The NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA STI Program Office provides access to the often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Database, the largest collection of substantial public interest. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA's institutional TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- mechanism for disseminating the results of its language translations of foreign scientific research and development activities. These results and technical material pertinent to NASA's are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of Program Office's diverse offerings include completed research or a major significant creating custom thesauri, building customized phase of research that present the results of data bases, organizing and publishing research NASA programs and include extensive data results.., even providing videos. or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and For more information about the NASA STI information deemed to be of continuing Program Office, see the following: reference value. -
Making the Russian Bomb from Stalin to Yeltsin
MAKING THE RUSSIAN BOMB FROM STALIN TO YELTSIN by Thomas B. Cochran Robert S. Norris and Oleg A. Bukharin A book by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. Westview Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford Copyright Natural Resources Defense Council © 1995 Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................. List of Tables ................................................... Preface and Acknowledgements ..................................... CHAPTER ONE A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOVIET BOMB Russian and Soviet Nuclear Physics ............................... Towards the Atomic Bomb .......................................... Diverted by War ............................................. Full Speed Ahead ............................................ Establishment of the Test Site and the First Test ................ The Role of Espionage ............................................ Thermonuclear Weapons Developments ............................... Was Joe-4 a Hydrogen Bomb? .................................. Testing the Third Idea ...................................... Stalin's Death and the Reorganization of the Bomb Program ........ CHAPTER TWO AN OVERVIEW OF THE STOCKPILE AND COMPLEX The Nuclear Weapons Stockpile .................................... Ministry of Atomic Energy ........................................ The Nuclear Weapons Complex ...................................... Nuclear Weapon Design Laboratories ............................... Arzamas-16 .................................................. Chelyabinsk-70 -
Large Igneous Provinces, Mantle Plumes and Metallogeny in the Earth’S History
A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGC SB RAS) LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES, MANTLE PLUMES AND METALLOGENY IN THE EARTH’S HISTORY ABSTRACT VOLUME September 1–8, 2015 Irkutsk – Listvyanka, Russia IRKUTSK 2015 УДК 552.3 ББК Д342.56 К84 Large Igneous Provinces, Mantle Plumes and Metallogeny in the Earth’s History (Abstract Volume). – Irkutsk: Publishing House of V.B. Sochava institute of Geography SB RAS, 2015. – 153 p. The publication contains abstracts of international conference “Large Igneous Provinces, Mantle Plumes and Metallogeny in the Earth’s History” organized by A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Irkutsk – Listvyanka, September 1–8, 2015). The proceeding will be interesting for geologists dealing with mafic/felsic igneous complexes and their metallogenic specialization. Compliers of the Abstract volume: Academician of RAS Mikhail I. Kuzmin PhD Vasiliy A. Belyaev PhD Yulia I. Tarasova Abstracts are published in author’s edition. International conference “Large Igneous Provinces, Mantle Plumes and Metallogeny in the Earth’s History” and publication of Abstract volume are supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 15-05-20655). © The authors of abstracts, 2015 © A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ISBN 978-5-94797-252-8 2 CONTENTS Akhundjanov R., Zenkova S.O., Karimovа F.B., Saydiganiev S.S. ORE-MAGMATIC SYSTEM OF ULTRABASIC-BASIC INTRUSIONS OF THE 9 MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN TIEN-SHAN (UZBEKISTAN) Antipin V.S., Gerel О., Perepelov А.B., Odgerel D. LATE PALEOZOIC AND EARLY MESOZOIC RARE-METAL GRANITES OF 11 LARGE IGENOUS PROVINCES OF BAIKAL REGION AND MONGOLIA: COMPARATIVE GEOCHEMISTRY AND MAGMA SOURCES Ashchepkov I.V., Vladykin N.V., Spetsius Z.V., Logvinova A.M., Downes H., Ntaflos T. -
Lunar Bases and Space Actmties of the 21St Century (1986)
10 / SOCIETAL ISSUES STABLISHING A PERMANENTLY MANNED BASE on the Moon is, of necessity, a large and visible exercise of engineering and technology. Some Ewill see no more than that, but such a reductionist viewpoint misses the whole that is greater than the parts. A lunar settlement continues humanity's movement to accessible frontiers. It may start as a statement of national resolve or as a monument to international cooperation.It could be an heroic enterprise of epic dimensions or the stimulus for democratization of space through economic growth. One thing is clear-the Moon sits on the lip of the confining terrestrial gravity well and thus is the stepping stone to the solar system. The space program blends a curious mixture of romance and pragmatism. Goals are set by dreamers and implemented by realists. Many of yesterday's visions have been realized,but the awe-inspiring accomplishments rest on carefully executed, often mundane contributions from tens of thousands of people. The inspirational and the commonplace are both aspects of the human condition to be reflected in the space activities of the 2 1st Century, and both are discussed in the contributionshere. Any grand achievement by society must begin as an expression of the ordinary processes of decision making. Logsdon, an experienced observer of the space program, looks at the initiation of past endeavors for clues to the key elements of consensus. The debate over allocation of public resources revolves around the worth and expense of any program. Sellers and Keaton analyze historical space expenditures in terms of the gross national product of the U.S.and predict the availabilityof fbnding for major ventures over the next two decades.