UZIZAŽ Vol. 5 Broj stranica: 7-13 Sarajevo 2009 BIOSPELD

FREYER’S PURPLE EMPEROR, metis Freyer, 1829 (: , ), A NEW IN THE FAUNA OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Suvad Lelo Departmant of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sarajevo Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT

Lelo, S. Freyer’s purple emperor, Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper the first data on finding of Freyer’s purple emperor (Apatura metis Freyer, 1829) in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. The author has collected two male specimens at the location Bajinci near Bardača (Northern Bosnia and Herzegovina) several hundred meters from the confluence of rivers Vrbas and Sava. Apatura metis Freyer is the 189th undisputed species in the checklist of of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Key words: butterflies, biodiversity, Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Apatura, iris, ilia, metis, Bosnia and Herzegovina

INTRODUCTION

The onset of biosystematic research into butterflies in Bosnia and Herzegovina dates from the first half of the 19th century. This statement is supported by the fact that the species Plebejus dardanus Freyer was described as early as 1844 on the basis of specimens from Cvrsnica Mt. (Herzegovina). The very first list containing 125 species of butterflies from Bosnia and Herzegovina was published in 1892 (Apfelbeck, 1892). The revisions of the published list followed in 1904 with 160 listed species (Rebel, 1904), in 1980 with 186 listed species (Sijarić, 1980) and in 2000 with 186 listed species, in 2007 with 188 listed species and, finally, in 2008 with 190 species (Lelo, 2000; 2004; 2005-2007; 2008). The most recent data state that 188 species of butterflies undoubtedly inhabit Bosnia and Herzegovina with two species with controversial position: Pyrgus trebeviciensis (Warren, 1926) and Maculinea alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lelo, 2007). However, the authors who have investigated Balkan Peninsula or Europe make no mention of the presence of the species Freyer’s purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sijarić, 1980; 1991; 1998; Forster & Wohlfart, 1955; Higgins & Riley, 1978; 1980; 1993; Karsholt & Razowski, 1996; Tolman & Lewington, 1997; Kudrna, 2002, etc.). The only record is made by P. Jakšić who clamed the observation of this species in Herzegovina, near Neretva river (but this is absolutely impossible). No cited lists of butterflies („Rhopalocera“) from Bosnia and Herzegovina include data on the species Apatura metis Freyer. General distribution of this species includes regions in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, European part of Turkey, south-western Russia, Kazakhstan, western Siberia, the areas around the river Amur, north-eastern China, Korea and Japan. This species was recorded in Europe in the valleys of large rivers: Austria (by the river Danube), Hungary (by the rivers Danube and Drava), Romania (by the river Danube; Kudrna, 2002), Slovenia (by the river Sava), Croatia (by the river Danube; Kudrna, 2002), northern Serbia (by the rivers Danube and Sava; Jakšić, 2003), Bulgaria and northern Greece (near numerous rivers), as well as in the European parts of Turkey (by the rivers Evros, Balli and Inecik) (Tolman & Lewington, 1997). Apatura metis Freyer description was made on the basis of specimens collected at site Pecs – Hungary. Nominotype, dark individuals that were base for the description of this species are rare. Usually, mature butterflies are quite similar to the individuals known as f. Udruženje za inventarizaciju i zaštitu životinja, Omladinska 2, Ilijaš, Kanton Sarajevo Biospeleološko društvo u Bosni i Hercegovini, Avde Jabučice 30, Sarajevo Lelo, S. (2009). Freyer's purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prilozi fauni Bosne i Hercegovine, 5, 7-13. clytie of the species A. ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). The length of the right wing in male individuals is up to 32 mm (the butterflies are generally smaller than similar species: A. iris L. and A. ilia D.&S.). Orange, submarginal lines are wider in the areas s5, s6, s7, and postdiscal dark spot in area s2 is small. A round, dark postdiscal spot (almost always well pronounced in the similar species A. ilia D.&S.) is present as a dark band which closes the orange spot in the area s2 that is often small. There is also a small black spot and another smaller orange spot in the area s3 (HIGGINS & RILEY, 1993). Catterpillars develop on trees Salix alba, and they can also be found on the upper parts of leaves (Tolman & Lewington, 2007). Variation in the populations of the species Apatura metis Freyer is very pronounced so seven subspecies are known: (1) A. m. metis Freyer, 1829: in South-Eastern Europe, (2) A. m. bunea Herrich-Schaffer, 1845 (=A. m. gertraudis Stichel, 1909; =A. m. oberthueri Le Moult, 1947): found in some parts of Southern Europe and Caucasus, (3) A. m. irtyshika Korshunov, 1982: found in the south-western parts of Siberia and Khazakstan, (4) A. m. separata Tuzov, 2000: inhabits Transbaikal region, (5) A. m. heyona Matsumura, 1928 (=A. m. gracilis Bang-Haas, 1936; =A. m. asiatica Le Moult, 1947; =A. m. mirei Le Moult, 1947): found in Korea, Amur and Ushuria, (6) A. m. substituta Butler, 1873 (=A. m. gifuensis Matsumura, 1919; =A. m. takanonis Matsumura, 1919; =yanagawensis Matsumura, 1928, =A. m. japonica Le Moult, 1947): found in the islands of Japan and (7) A. m. doii Matsumura, 1928: inhabits Kuril islands (Tuzov, 2000).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This research has been carried out from 9 to 11 August 2008 within the framework of international project Sava III (in organization of NGO ALTERRA from the Netherlands and Centre for Ecology of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Sarajevo). The aim was to test the hypothesis by the author on the possible presence of Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Frejer's purple emperor) at the right bank of river Sava in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this purpose, the site by river Vrbas (a few hundred meters above the confluence of rivers Vrbas into river Sava; Fig. 1-2) in the area of the village Bajinci (close to the fish farm, and Ramsar area, Bardača: 45°04`47.83``N i 17°27`57.29``N; Fig. 3-4) was thoroughly examined.

Fig. 1-2: Habitat of the species Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 by the river Vrbas (the right and the left banks of the river – photo: S. Lelo)

Material, two males of the species Apatura metis Freyer (Fig. 5), was collected on 10 August 2008, using lepidopterological net (with telescopic handle and folding ring with the diameter of, Φ, 60 cm). The specimens were stored in lepidopterological envelopes and transported in a plastic field box to the field laboratory of the author (the administrative centre of the Association for inventarisation and conservation, Ilijas, Sarajevo Canton) where dry preparations were made using standard lepidopterological method (on the wooden frame) on 12 August 2008 (Lelo, 2008).

8 Originalni naučni rad/Original scientific paper Lelo, S. (2009). Freyer’s purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prilozi fauni Bosne i Hercegovine, 5, 7-13.

Fig. 3-4: Satellite images of the site where the population of the species Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Source: „Google Earth“)

The photographs were made using several technical accessories: habitat was photographed using digital cameras Medion (6,36 mps) and Canon, and prepared butterflies were photographed using digital camera Canon (8,0 mps, macro objective).

Fig. 5: Apatura metis Freyer, 1829, male specimens, Bajinci – nearby Vrbas river (10.08.2008, leg. et det. S. Lelo, photo: S. Lelo)

The butterflies were analysed using binocular microscope „Novex AP-2“ (20x), and determination was carried out according to the data by Higgins & Riley, 1993 and Tuzov, 2000.

RESULTS AND DISCUSION

The area near the crossroads Bardača – Bajinci (Fig. 6) was investigated on 10 August 2008, in the period 10 a.m to 1 p.m. The observations were made along 4.1 km of road towards Bajinci, and following the dirt road on the right side (Fig. 7 and 8), which connects the crossroads with the river Vrbas (Fig. 9) Very active individuals from the genus Apatura Fabricius, 1807, were observed from the beginning of the forest vegetation, and therefore their gathering was almost impossible to overlook (in the given period more than 20 individuals were noted). However, the author managed to collect two individuals. The first one was captured during flight at the edge of

Originalni naučni rad/Original scientific paper 9

Lelo, S. (2009). Freyer's purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prilozi fauni Bosne i Hercegovine, 5, 7-13. vegetation by river Vrbas (Fig. 10), while the other one was collected while it rested on the macadam road by the water ponds (Fig. 11).

Fig. 6-9: Landmarks useful for identification of the site where Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 was found in Bosnia and Herzegovina (photo: S. Lelo)

Fig. 10-11: Exact locations near river Vrbas where male specimens of Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 were captured (photo: S. Lelo)

Both individuals were identified as Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Fig. 12-13). The specimens were easily identified, although they resemble f. clytie of the species A. ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). Namely, the collected individuals are distinguished by typical features of the species: on the upper part of the front wings orange postdiscal band ends in apex; on the upper part of the hind wings the dark postdiscal spot is not visible in the

10 Originalni naučni rad/Original scientific paper Lelo, S. (2009). Freyer’s purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prilozi fauni Bosne i Hercegovine, 5, 7-13. dark base of the wing, while the outer edge of the bright discal band is well pronounced on discontinuous v4 position as a part of the band in the area s4, which is large, sharply bended and has diamond shape (Tolman & Lewington, 1997; Fig. 14).

Fig. 12-13: Apatura metis Freyer, 1829, 10.08.2008., forewing and hind wing, upper and underside, Bajinci (by the river Vrbas), leg. et det. S. Lelo (photo: S. Lelo)

Fig. 14: Comparative images of the left upper part of hind wings of male individuals: Apatura iris (29.6.1982, Vrelo Bosne, leg. B. Mihljević, det. R. Sijarić), A. metis (10.08.2008., Bajinci, leg. et det. S. Lelo) and A. ilia f. clytie (17.7.1979, Vrelo Bosne, leg. B. Mihljević, det. R. Sijarić) from Bosnia and Herzegovina (photo: S. Lelo)

The population of Apatura metis Freyer in Bosnia and Herzegovina resides at the most southern limit of the western area of distribution of this species (Fig. 15).

Originalni naučni rad/Original scientific paper 11

Lelo, S. (2009). Freyer's purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prilozi fauni Bosne i Hercegovine, 5, 7-13.

Fig. 15: Map of distribution of the species Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 in the western palaearctic (Kudrna, 2002) with enclosed finding from Bosnia and Herzegovina (red spot)

CONCLUSIONS

The presence of the species Freyer's purple emperor Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 in Bosnia and Herzegovina was confirmed by the investigations carried out from 9 to 11 August 2008. Namely, two ♂♂ were collected at the site Bajinci (close to the fish pond Bardaca), in the vicinity of river Vrbas. This species is the 189th confirmed species in the fauna of butterflies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Lelo, 2007).

LITERATURE

Apfelbeck, V. (1892). Dojako u južnoj BiH opažane vrste Rophalocera (Dnevni leptirovi). Glasnik zemaljskog muzeja BiH, 2, 192-194. Forster, W., & Wohlfart, TH. A. (1955). Diurna (Rhopalocera und Hesperiidae). Franckh‘sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgard, pp. 126. Higgins, L. G., & Riley, N. D. (1978). Die Tagfalter Europas und Nordwestafrikas. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin, pp. 378. Higgins, L. G., & Riley, N. D. (1980). Butterflies of Britain and Europe. Collins St. Jamesʹs Place, London, pp. 384. Higgins, L. G., & Riley, N. D. (1993). Butterflies of Britain and Europe. Collins St. Jamesʹs Place, London, pp. 384. Jakšić, P. (1988). Karte rasprostranjenja dnevnih leptira Jugoslavije. Jugoslavensko entomološko društvo. Posebna izdanja 1, pp. 214. Jakšić, P. (1998). Male genitalia of butterflies on Balkan peninsula with a check-list. František Slamka, Bratislava, pp. 152. Jakšić, P. (2003). Crvena knjiga dnevnih leptira Srbije (: Hesperioidea i Papilionoidea). Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije, Beograd, pp. 198. 12 Originalni naučni rad/Original scientific paper Lelo, S. (2009). Freyer’s purple emperor, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae, Apaturinae), a new species in the butterfly fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prilozi fauni Bosne i Hercegovine, 5, 7-13. Karsholt, O., & Razowski, J. (1996). The Lepidoptera of Europe – A Distributional Checklist. Apollo Books Aps., Stenstrup, pp. 380. Kudrna, O., (2002). The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies. Naturschutzbund Deutschland e. V. & Gesellschaft für Schmetterlingsschutz e.V. in co-operation with Apollo Books, pp. 343. Lelo, S. (2000). Revised inventory of the butterflies of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea). Natura Croatica, 9(2), 139-156. Lelo, S. (2004). Revizija Rebelovog popisa leptira Bosne i Hercegovine. Coron`s d.o.o., Sarajevo, pp. 295. Lelo, S., ed, (2005-2008). Fauna Bosne i Hercegovine – Biosistematski pregledi: 1. te 2.-4. dopunjeno i izmijenjeno izdanje. Interno izdanje Udruženja za inventarizaciju i zaštitu životinja, Ilijaš, Kanton Sarajevo, pp. 1-403. Lelo, S. (2007). Contribution to the knowledge of fauna of butterflies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta entomologica serbica, 12(2), 73-92. Lelo, S. (2008). Dnevni leptiri Bosne i Hercegovine (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea i Hesperioidea): Ključ za determinaciju vrsta sa osnovnim monografskim podacima. Univerzitetska knjiga. Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Sarajevo. Rebel, H. (1904). Studien uber die Lepidopterenfauna der Balkanlander, II Teil Bosni-en und Hercegovina. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseum, XIX, pp. 97-377, Wien, pp. 97- 377. Sijarić, R. (1980). Fauna lepidoptera Bosne i Hercegovine. Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, Posebna izdanja, knjiga XLVII, Odjeljenje prirodnih i matematičkih nauka, knjiga 8. Savjetovanje - Problemi inventarizacije životinjskog svijeta BiH - stanje i perspektive. Sijarić, R. (1991). Katalog naučne zbirke lepidoptera (Insecta) donatora Bore Mihljevića iz Sarajeva. GMZ, (PN) NS, 30, 169-360. Tolman, T., & Lewington, R. (1997). Buterflies of Britain & Europe. Harper Collins Publishers. London – Glasgow – New York – Sydney – Auckland – Toronto – Johannesburg, pp. 320. Tuzov, V. K., ed, (2000). Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories. Volume 2. Pensoft, Sofia - Moscow. http://rusinsects.com/nymph/n-a-meti.htm.

SAŽETAK

U svim citiranim popisima dnevnih leptira (Rhopalocera) u Bosni i Hercegovini nije bila poznata vrsta Apatura metis Freyer, s izuzetkom jednog navoda P. Jakšića – tačke u UTM kvadratu na privremenoj karti rasprostranjenja ove vrste u AVNOJ-evskoj Jugoslaviji u središnjem dijelu donjeg toka rijeke Neretve što je prosto nemoguće jer ova vrsta ne dolazi u središnje dijelove Hercegovine. Opće rasprostranjenje spomenute vrste čine područja istočne i jugoistočne Europe, europske Turske, jugozapadne Rusije, Kazahstana, zapadnog Sibira, okoline rijeke Amur, sjeveroistočne Kine, Koreje i Japana. U Europi je zabilježena u dolinama kojima protiču velike rijeke: Austrija (pored Dunava), Mađarska (pored Dunava i Drave), Rumunija (pored rijeke Dunav), ?Slovenija (pored Save), Hrvatska (pored rijeke Dunav), sjeverna Srbija (pored rijeka Dunav i Sava), Bugarska i sjeverne Grčka (pored velikog broja rijeka) te u europskim dijelovima Turske (pored rijeka Evros, Balli i Inecik). 10. augusta 2008. godine u periodu između 10-13h istraživano je područje iznad raskršća Bardača – Bajinci, oko 4.100 metara od skretanja ka Bajincima, preciznije rečeno od skretanja na makadam do lijeve obale rijeke Vrbas. Od početka šumske sastojine uočavane su vrlo aktivne jedinke (njih oko 20) roda Apatura Fabricius, 1807, ali bez mnogo šansi za njihovo hvatanje. Ipak, autor je uhvatio dvije indidividue: prvu dok je letjela pored vegetacije u blizini rijeke i drugu dok se odmarala pored lokvica na makadamskom putu. Obje individue su identificirane kao mužjaci vrste Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 koja je 189 nedvojbena vrsta u fauni dnevnih leptira Bosne i Hercegovine.

Originalni naučni rad/Original scientific paper 13