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Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

Desktop Migration and Administration Guide

GNOME 3 desktop migration planning, deployment, configuration, and administration in RHEL 7

Last Updated: 2021-05-05

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Desktop Migration and Administration Guide

GNOME 3 desktop migration planning, deployment, configuration, and administration in RHEL 7 Marie Doleželová Red Hat Customer Content Services [email protected]

Petr Kovář Red Hat Customer Content Services [email protected]

Jana Heves Red Hat Customer Content Services

Legal Notice

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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Abstract

The Desktop Migration and Administration Guide documents the GNOME 3 Desktop migration planning, deployment, configuration, and administration on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. It is oriented towards system administrators with a basic understanding of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux system.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1...I.N.T. .R.O. .D.U. .C. I.N. .G. .T.H. .E. .G.N. .O. .M. .E. 3. .D. .E.S. K. .T.O. .P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.

  • 1.1. WHAT IS GNOME 3?
  • 4

568
1.2. WHAT IS GNOME SHELL? 1.3. WHAT IS GNOME CLASSIC? 1.4. NOTE ON ACCESSIBILITY

.P.A. R. .T. .I. M. .I.G. R. .A. T. .IO. .N. .P. .L.A. N. .N. .IN. .G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.0. .C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .2. . L. .O. G. .I.N. D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1

  • GETTING MORE INFORMATION
  • 12

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .3. . G. .S. .E.T. T. .IN. .G. .S. A. .N. .D. .D.C. .O. N. .F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.

GETTING MORE INFORMATION 13

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .4. . .P.O. .L.I.C.Y. .K.I.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4.

  • 4.1. POLICY CONFIGURATION
  • 14

14 15 15
4.2. DEFAULT POLICY 4.3. CHECKING PERMISSIONS FROM SCRIPTS 4.4. EXTENDING POLKIT CONFIGURATION

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .5. . G. .D. .M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.6.

GETTING MORE INFORMATION 16

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .6. . .G.N. .O. .M. .E. S. .H. E. .L.L. .E.X. .T.E. N. .S. I.O. .N. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7.

6.1. REPLACEMENT FOR THE CLOCK APPLET 17

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .7. . G. .N. .O. .M. E. .-.S.E. S. .S.I.O. .N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.8.

GETTING MORE INFORMATION 18

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .8. . .IN. .T.E. R. .N. .A.T. I.O. .N. A. .L.I.Z.A. .T.IO. .N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.9.

  • 8.1. INPUT METHODS
  • 19

  • 19
  • 8.2. CHANGED FILE LOCATIONS

.P.A. R. .T. .II...C. O. .N. .F.I.G. U. .R. A. .T.I.O. .N. .A.N. .D. .A. D. .M. .IN. .I.S.T. R. .A.T. .IO. .N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.0. .C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .9. . .C.O. .N. F. .IG. .U. .R.I.N. G. . D. .E. S. .K.T. .O. P. .W. .I.T.H. .G. .S. E. .T.T. I.N. .G. S. .A. .N.D. . D. .C. O. .N. .F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. .1

9.1. TERMINOLOGY EXPLAINED: GSETTINGS, GSETTINGS, AND DCONF 9.2. USER AND SYSTEM SETTINGS
21 21
9.3. BROWSING GSETTINGS VALUES FOR DESKTOP APPLICATIONS 9.4. WHAT ARE DCONF PROFILES?
21 22 23 25 26
9.5. CONFIGURING CUSTOM DEFAULT VALUES 9.6. GSETTINGS KEYS PROPERTIES 9.7. STORING USER SETTINGS OVER NFS

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.0. . D. .E. F. .A.U. .L.T. .A. P. .P.E. .A.R. .A.N. .C.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.7.

  • 10.1. BRANDING ANACONDA
  • 27

27 29
31
10.2. BOOT LOADER SCREEN 10.3. PLYMOUTH 10.4. CUSTOMIZING THE LOGIN SCREEN 10.5. CUSTOMIZING DESKTOP BACKGROUNDS 10.6. CONFIGURING FONTS
34 37

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.1. .G. N. .O. .M. .E. S. .H. E. .L.L. .E. X. .T.E. .N.S. I.O. .N. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.4.

11.1. WHAT ARE GNOME SHELL EXTENSIONS? 11.2. ENABLING MACHINE-WIDE EXTENSIONS
44 45

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11.3. LOCKING DOWN ENABLED EXTENSIONS 11.4. SETTING UP MANDATORY EXTENSIONS
46 46

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.2...I.N. T. .E.G. .R.A. .T.I.N. G. . A. .P. P. .L.I.C. A. .T.I.O. N. .S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.8.

  • 12.1. CUSTOMIZING MENUS
  • 48

52 53
12.2. CUSTOMIZING DEFAULT FAVORITE APPLICATIONS 12.3. CONFIGURING FILE ASSOCIATIONS

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.3...C. .U. S. .T.O. .M. .IZ. .IN. .G. .G. .N. O. .M. .E. .D. E. .S.K. T. .O. .P. .F.E.A. .T.U. .R.E. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.0.

13.1. ALLOWING AND DISALLOWING ONLINE ACCOUNTS 13.2. ENABLING THE CTRL+ALT+BACKSPACE SHORTCUT 13.3. ENABLING THE COMPOSE KEY
60
61
62 62 64 64 65 66 67 70
71
13.4. DISABLING COMMAND-LINE ACCESS 13.5. LOCKING DOWN PRINTING 13.6. LOCKING FILE SAVING ON DISK 13.7. LOCKING REPARTITIONING 13.8. LOCKING DOWN USER LOGOUT AND USER SWITCHING 13.9. SINGLE-APPLICATION MODE 13.10. PREVENTING THE COMPUTER FROM SUSPENDING WHEN CLOSING THE LID 13.11. CHANGING BEHAVIOR WHEN PRESSING THE POWER BUTTON IN GRAPHICAL TARGET MODE

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.4. . S. .E.S. S. .IO. .N. .M. .A. .N.A. .G. E. .M. .E.N. .T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.3.

  • 14.1. WHAT IS GDM?
  • 73

73 76
14.2. AUTHENTICATION 14.3. USER SESSIONS

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.5...V. .IR. .T.U. .A.L. .F.I.L.E. .S. Y. .S.T. .E.M. .S. .A.N. .D. .D. I.S. K. .M. .A. .N.A. .G. E. .M. .E.N. .T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.4.

  • 15.1. GVFS
  • 84

84 85 86 87 88 88 89 90
91
15.2. BACK ENDS FOR GVFS 15.3. MOUNTING, UNMOUNTING AND EJECTING 15.4. MANAGING BOOKMARKS 15.5. CONFIGURING A DEFAULT SERVER LIST 15.6. EXPOSING GNOME VIRTUAL FILE SYSTEMS TO ALL OTHER APPLICATIONS 15.7. PASSWORD MANAGEMENT OF GVFS MOUNTS 15.8. GVFS TOOLS AND XDG-UTILS IN GNOME 15.9. USING GVFS METADATA 15.10. TROUBLESHOOTING

.C.H. .A.P. .T.E. R. .1.6...H. .A. R. .D. W. . A. .R. E. .C. .O. N. .F. I.G. .U.R. .A.T. .IO. .N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.4.

16.1. TABLETS 94

.A.P. P. .E.N. .D. I.X. .A. . .K.D. .E. P. .L.A. .S.M. .A. .W. .O. .R.K. S. .P.A. .C.E. .S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.7. .A.P. P. .E.N. .D. I.X. .B. . A. .C. .C.E. S. .S.I.N. G. . .R.E. D. . H. .A. T. . D. .O. .C.U. .M. .E.N. .T.A. T. .IO. .N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.8.

B.1. PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION B.2. RED HAT ACCESS GUI
98 98

.A.P. P. .E.N. .D. I.X. .C. . .A.C. .K.N. .O. W. . L. .E.D. .G. E. .M. .E.N. .T.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9.9. .A.P. P. .E.N. .D. I.X. .D. . .R.E. V. .IS. .IO. .N. .H. .IS. .T.O. .R. Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10. .0.

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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCING THE GNOME 3 DESKTOP

1.1. WHAT IS GNOME 3?

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, GNOME 3 is the default desktop environment. It is the next major version of the GNOME Desktop, which introduces a new user interface and substantial feature improvements over the previous GNOME 2 Desktop shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and 6.

Figure 1.1. The GNOME 3 Desktop (GNOME Classic)

GNOME 3 provides a focused working environment that encourages productivity. A powerful search feature lets you access all your work from one place. For example, you can turn off notifications when you need to concentrate on the task in hand. GNOME 3 is built on a number of powerful components:

GNOME Shell

GNOME Shell is a modern and intuitive graphical user interface. It provides quality user experience, including visual effects and hardware acceleration support. For more information, see Section 1.2,

“What Is GNOME Shell?”.

GNOME Classic

GNOME Classic combines old and new; it keeps the familiar look and feel of GNOME 2, but adds the powerful new features and 3-D capabilities of GNOME Shell. GNOME Classic is the default GNOME session and GNOME Shell mode in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. For more information, read the

section Section 1.3, “What Is GNOME Classic?” .

GSettings

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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCING THE GNOME 3 DESKTOP

GSettings is a configuration storage system, replacing GConf found in older GNOME versions. For more information about the transition from GConf to GSettings, see Chapter 3, GSettings and dconf. To learn more about configuring your desktop with GSettings, read Chapter 9, Configuring

Desktop with GSettings and dconf.

GVFS

GVFS provides complete virtual file system infrastructure and handles storage in the GNOME Desktop in general. Through GVFS, GNOME 3 integrates well with online document-storage services, calendars, and contact lists, so all your data can be accessed from the same place. Read

more about GVFS in Chapter 15, Virtual File Systems and Disk Management.

GTK+

GTK+, a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces, provides a highly-usable feature-rich API. Thanks to GTK+, GNOME 3 is able to change the look of an application or provide smooth appearance of graphics. In addition, GTK+ contains a number of features such as objectoriented programming support (GObject), wide support of international character sets and text layouts (Pango), or a set of accessibility interfaces (ATK).

1.2. WHAT IS GNOME SHELL?

GNOME Shell is the user interface of the GNOME Desktop, the crucial technology of GNOME 3. It provides basic user interface functions such as switching windows, launching applications, or displaying notifications.

GNOME Shell introduces innovative user interface concepts to provide quality user experience, including hardware acceleration on systems with modern graphics hardware.

Some of the major components of the GNOME Shell user interface include:

The top bar.

The horizontal bar at the top of the screen provides access to some of the basic functions of GNOME Shell, such as the Activities Overview, clock and calendar, system status icons, and the system menu at the top-left corner of the screen.

The system menu.

The system menu is in the top right corner. You can update some of your settings, find information about your Wi-Fi connection, switch user, log out, and turn off your computer from this menu.

The Activities Overview.

The Activities Overview features windows and applications views that let the user run applications and windows and switch between them.

The search entry at the top allows for searching various items available on the desktop, including applications, documents, files, and configuration tools.

The vertical bar on the left side is called dash, and it contains a list of favorite and running applications.

The workspace list is displayed on the right side, and allows the user to switch between multiple workspaces, or move applications and windows from one workspace to another.

The message tray.

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The message tray is a horizontal bar near the bottom of the screen, and shows when the user presses Super+M. It provides access to pending notifications.

Components specific to GNOME Classic.

GNOME Classic is the default GNOME Shell mode in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. It changes some of the aspects of GNOME Shell behavior as well as the GNOME Shell appearance. That includes the bottom bar with the window list, and the Applications and Places menus on the top bar. For detailed

information on GNOME Classic, see Section 1.3, “What Is GNOME Classic?” .

1.2.1. Hardware Acceleration and Software Rendering

GNOME Shell features visual effects and makes use of hardware acceleration support provided by Clutter, an OpenGL-based graphics library.

For hardware acceleration to function properly, the graphics driver has to support GL 1.2 and the multitexturing extension, or GL 1.3. Alternatively, the driver has to provide support for GLES 1.1 or GLES 2.0. Keep in mind that many GPU models and drivers do not properly implement support for GL or GLES, so hardware acceleration on systems with those GPUs and drivers may not be available.

On systems, including virtual machines, that do not meet the GPU and driver requirements, software rendering is used to provide the GNOME 3 user experience identical to that with supported hardware acceleration. Software rendering is provided by the llvmpipe driver.

To determine whether the system is using software rendering and the llvmpipe driver, you can run the glxinfo command:

$ glxinfo | grep renderer OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LVVM 3.3, 128 bits)

Note that because the software renderer does not provide a fully compliant OpenGL implementation, some programs may not function properly if they rely on the X server having a consistent view of GLX state across applications. Consider upgrading your hardware, or run these programs on systems with GPUs and drivers that fully support hardware acceleration.

1.3. WHAT IS GNOME CLASSIC?

GNOME Classic is a GNOME Shell feature and mode for users who prefer a more traditional desktop experience. While GNOME Classic is based on GNOME 3 technologies, it provides a number of changes to the user interface:

The Applications andPlaces menus.

The Applications menu is displayed at the top left of the screen. It gives the user access to applications organized into categories. The user can also open the Activities Overview from that menu.

The Places menu is displayed next to the Applications menu on the top bar. It gives the user quick access to important folders, for example Downloads or Pictures.

The taskbar.

The taskbar is displayed at the bottom of the screen, and features: a window list,

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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCING THE GNOME 3 DESKTOP

a notification icon displayed next to the window list, a short identifier for the current workspace and total number of available workspaces displayed next to the notification icon.

Four available workspaces.

In GNOME Classic, the number of workspaces available to the user is by default set to 4.

Minimize and maximize buttons.

Window titlebars in GNOME Classic feature the minimize and maximize buttons that let the user quickly minimize the windows to the window list, or maximize them to take up all of the space on the desktop.

A traditionalSuper+Tab window switcher.

In GNOME Classic, windows in the Super+Tab window switcher are not grouped by application.

The system menu.

The system menu is in the top right corner. You can update some of your settings, find information about your Wi-Fi connection, switch user, log out, and turn off your computer from this menu.

Figure 1.2. GNOME Classic with the Calculator application and the Accessories submenu of the Applications menu

1.3.1. The GNOME Classic Extensions

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GNOME Classic is distributed as a set of GNOME Shell extensions. The GNOME Classic extensions are installed as dependencies of the gnome-classic-session package, which provides components required to run a GNOME Classic session. Because the GNOME Classic extensions are enabled by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, GNOME Classic is the default Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 desktop user interface.

AlternateTab ([email protected]), Applications Menu ([email protected]), Launch new instance ([email protected]),

Places Status Indicator ([email protected]), Window List ([email protected]).

1.3.2. Switching from GNOME Classic to GNOME and Back

The user can switch from GNOME Classic to GNOME by logging out and clicking on the cogwheel next to Sign In. The cogwheel opens a drop-down menu, which contains GNOME Classic.

To switch from GNOME Classic to GNOME from within the user session, run the following command:

$ gnome-shell --mode=user -r &

To switch back to GNOME Classic from within the same user session, run the following command:

$ gnome-shell --mode=classic -r &

1.3.3. Disabling GNOME Classic as the Default Session

For all newly created users on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, GNOME Classic is set as the default session. To override that setting for a specific user, you need to modify the user's account service in the

/var/lib/AccountsService/users/username file. See Section 14.3.2, “Configuring a User Default

Session” for details on how to do that.

Getting More Information

Users can find more information on using GNOME 3, GNOME Shell, or GNOME Classic in GNOME Help, which is provided by the gnome-user-docs package. To access GNOME Help, press the Super key to enter the Activities Overview, type help, and then press Enter.

1.4. NOTE ON ACCESSIBILITY

The GNOME desktop includes assistive technologies to support users with various impairments and special needs, and to interact with common assistive devices. The Universal access menu provides a quick set up for users with various disabilities. The icon is placed on the top bar and looks like a person surrounded by a circle:

All the accessibility features are documented in GNOME Help, which can be easily accessed by opening the Activities overview and typing help. From the GNOME Help menu, select Universal access.

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NOTE

To access GNOME as a visually impaired person, press the Super+Alt+S key combination, which switches on the screen reader. You can find more details on using Orca screen reader on its help page.

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PART I. MIGRATION PLANNING

Migration Planning focuses on the shift of the default Red Hat Enterprise Linux desktop environment from GNOME 2, shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and 6, to GNOME 3. One by one, this part of the guide briefly mentions the changes certain components have gone through and describes the new features the components possess.

This guide only refers to changes to the GNOME Desktop environment. For changes to the other parts of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 refer to:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 System Administrator's Guide , for components such as the GRUB 2

boot loader, package management, systemd, or printer configuration.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Migration Planning Guide for an overview of major changes in

behavior and compatibility between Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. The Migration Planning Guide also introduces the tools provided by Red Hat to assist with upgrades to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

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    ComponentOne Input for WinForms ComponentOne, a division of GrapeCity 201 South Highland Avenue, Third Floor Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA Website: http://www.componentone.com Sales: [email protected] Telephone: 1.800.858.2739 or 1.412.681.4343 (Pittsburgh, PA USA Office) Trademarks The ComponentOne product name is a trademark and ComponentOne is a registered trademark of GrapeCity, Inc. All other trademarks used herein are the properties of their respective owners. Warranty ComponentOne warrants that the media on which the software is delivered is free from defects in material and workmanship, assuming normal use, for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. If a defect occurs during this time, you may return the defective media to ComponentOne, along with a dated proof of purchase, and ComponentOne will replace it at no charge. After 90 days, you can obtain a replacement for the defective media by sending it and a check for $2 5 (to cover postage and handling) to ComponentOne. Except for the express warranty of the original media on which the software is delivered is set forth here, ComponentOne makes no other warranties, express or implied. Every attempt has been made to ensure that the information contained in this manual is correct as of the time it was written. ComponentOne is not responsible for any errors or omissions. ComponentOne’s liability is limited to the amount you paid for the product. ComponentOne is not liable for any special, consequential, or other damages for any reason. Copying and Distribution While you are welcome to make backup copies of the software for your own use and protection, you are not permitted to make copies for the use of anyone else.
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    AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino Multi software product lines in the wild This is the author's manuscript Original Citation: Availability: This version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1667454 since 2020-07-06T10:51:50Z Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery Published version: DOI:10.1145/3168365.3170425 Terms of use: Open Access Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. (Article begins on next page) 27 September 2021 Multi Software Product Lines in the Wild Michael Lienhardt Ferruccio Damiani [email protected] [email protected] Università di Torino Università di Torino Italy Italy Simone Donetti Luca Paolini [email protected] [email protected] Università di Torino Università di Torino Italy Italy ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Modern software systems are often built from customizable and A Software Product Line (SPL) is a set of similar programs, called inter-dependent components. Such customizations usually define variants, with a common code base and well documented variabil- which features are offered by the components, and may depend ity [1, 6, 19]. Modern software systems are often built as complex on backend components being configured in a specific way. As assemblages of customizable components that out-grow the expres- such system become very large, with a huge number of possible siveness of SPLs.
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    Real-Time Linux for Dummies Jeroen de Best, Roel Merry DCT 2008.103 Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Control Systems Technology group P.O. Box 513, WH -1.126 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands Phone: +31 40 247 42 27 Fax: +31 40 246 14 18 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://www.dct.tue.nl Eindhoven, January 5, 2009 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Installing a Linux distribution 3 2.1 Ubuntu 7.10 . .3 2.2 Mandriva 2008 ONE . .6 2.3 Knoppix 3.9 . 10 3 Installing a real-time kernel 17 3.1 Automatic (Ubuntu only) . 17 3.1.1 CPU Scaling Settings . 17 3.2 Manually . 18 3.2.1 Startup/shutdown problems . 25 4 EtherCAT for Unix 31 4.1 Build Sources . 38 4.1.1 Alternative timer in the EtherCAT Target . 40 5 TUeDACs 43 5.1 Download software . 43 5.2 Configure and build software . 44 5.3 Test program . 45 6 Miscellaneous 47 6.1 Installing ps2 and ps4 printers . 47 6.1.1 In Ubuntu 7.10 . 47 6.1.2 In Mandriva 2008 ONE . 47 6.2 Configure the internet connection . 48 6.3 Installing Matlab2007b for Unix . 49 6.4 Installing JAVA . 50 6.5 Installing SmartSVN . 50 6.6 Ubuntu 7.10, Gutsy Gibbon freezes every 10 minutes for approximately 10 sec 51 6.7 Installing Syntek Semicon DC1125 Driver . 52 Bibliography 55 A Menu.lst HP desktop computer DCT lab WH -1.13 57 i ii CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction This document describes the steps needed in order to obtain a real-time operating system based on a Linux distribution.