DOCSLIB.ORG

Effect of Psyllium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effect of Psyllium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile http://www.ijwhr.net doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2020.29 Open Access Original Article International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2020, 184–191 ISSN 2330- 4456 Effect of Psyllium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Non-diabetic Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Fatemeh Pourbehi1 ID , Parvin Ayremlou2, Alireza Mehdizadeh3, Rasoul Zarrin4* ID Abstract Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility in women. In addition, the risk of type- 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance is higher among women with PCOS. Psyllium can reduce the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance, and lipid profile. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of psyllium supplementation on insulin resistance and the lipid profile in non-diabetic women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 54 eligible non-diabetic women with PCOS aged 18-45 were recruited from an endocrinology clinic and divided into 2 groups based on their body mass index (BMI) through stratified-block randomization. Participants in intervention and placebo groups received 5 g of psyllium or cellulose microcrystalline twice a day for 8 weeks. Fasting insulin, FBS, and insulin resistance indicators including HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR, along with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the lipid profile were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: In the psyllium group, the FBS, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HOMA1-IR, and HOMA2-IR indicators decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks, but the changes were not significant in the placebo group. The mean changes in LDL-C (0.28±0.58 and 0.11±0.67 in intervention and placebo groups, respectively, P = 0.036) and QUICKI (0.01±0.03 and 0.02±0.06 in intervention and placebo groups, respectively, P = 0.044) were significant between the two groups from the baseline. Conclusions: Psyllium supplementation decreased FBS, fasting insulin, and the lipid profile while improving insulin resistance in non-diabetic women with PCOS. Keywords: Psyllium, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Lipid profile, Clinical trial Introduction mellitus (T2DM) in women with PCOS is 5 to 10 times Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a common higher than healthy subjects (5). Studies indicate that metabolic-endocrine disorder, is the main cause of 70% of women with PCOS have abnormality at least in infertility in women (1,2). The prevalence of PCOS one part of their lipid profile because of the negative was reported 18% based on the Rotterdam criteria in effect of insulin resistance on the lipid profile (8). A study Australia (3). Women with POS often suffer from obesity, of women with PCOS showed that lifestyle changes and hyperandrogenism, and their effects such as hirsutism, metformin increase insulin resistance and the number acne, and alopecia (4). The pathophysiologic mechanism of menstrual cycles while decreasing body mass index of PCOS is unclear, but evidence shows reduced insulin (9). Today, the Rotterdam criteria are internationally sensitivity with hyperinsulinemia among 30%-80% of accepted for the diagnosis of PCOS (3). The angiotensin- these women (5). The production of androgen by the converting enzyme (ACE) gene has 3 polymorphisms, the ovaries and adrenal glands increases in the presence of deletion/deletion (DD) genotype of which causes its high hyperinsulinemia (5). In addition, PCOS are associated activity (10). In the ovarian, there is a renin-angiotensin with a high incidence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, system but its mechanism is unknown. In addition, it is heart disease, visceral obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin possible that the high blood pressure associated with the resistance, and hyperinsulinemia (6,7). The prevalence of DD genotype from the ACE gene can play a role in the the impaired oral glucose tolerance test in obese women occurrence of PCOS (10). with PCOS is approximately 20% (2). The risk of diabetes The husk or the seed of “Plantago ovata” or “Psyllium” Received 19 January 2018, Accepted 23 June 2018, Available online 18 July 2018 1Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. 2Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. 3Department of Internal diseases, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. 4Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. *Corresponding Author: Rasoul Zarrin, Tel: +989148843592, Fax: +984433457278, Email: rasoul.zarrin@uqconnect.edu.au Pourbehi et al is considered as a bulking agent with 65%-75% total fiber not-diabetic individuals with a fasting blood sugar (FBS) (11,12). As a viscose fiber soluble in water, psyllium forms of less than 6.99 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). The diagnosis of a gel traditionally used in many countries such as India for PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria was conducted the treatment of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome by an endocrinologist using a blood androgen test and (13-15). Psyllium was also used to treat conditions such ultrasound ovarian exam. Anyone with 2 of the three as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulcerative characteristics of the Rotterdam criteria (i.e., Oligo or colitis (16). As a fiber type, it is well-tolerated and safe for anovulation-clinical and/or the biochemical signs of human health (17). hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries having 12 or Evidence demonstrates that psyllium can bind to the more follicles in size from 2 to 9 mm in diameter) was bile acids in the digestive tract after consumption and considered a PCO patient (7). The exclusion criteria inhibit the reabsorption of bile acids in the ileum (18). involved subjects who received glucose-lowering agents Therefore, psyllium can reduce cholesterol absorption except for metformin, anti-lipids, corticosteroids, and be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate antidepressants, lithium, warfarin, carbamazepine, and hypercholesterolemia (18). digoxin. Additionally, subjects with a history of heart, Further, psyllium can correct the insulin and blood liver, or gastrointestinal diseases, thyroid disorders, type- glucose levels in people with T2DM (19). However, there 1 and type-2 diabetes, gastrectomy, congenital adrenal are inconsistencies about high-fiber diets lowering blood hyperplasia, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, sugar levels (20). and adrenal tumor secretion were excluded from the It is hypothesized that psyllium can reduce the blood study. Based on the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of glucose levels and lipid profiles while improving insulin 1-hour insulin in a previous study (24) with type I error resistance with its viscosity properties, gel formation, and (α) 5% and a power of 90%, along with a 20% drop out, changes in motility and absorption in the gastrointestinal the sample size was calculated 27 subjects in each group tract (14). by the following formula. 2 2 2 2 Considering the effect of glucose-lowering drugs in n= (Z1-α/2 + Z1-β) (S1 + S2 ) / (µ1-µ2) insulin resistance in diabetic patients, the present study included non-diabetic women with PCOS to evaluate Intervention the effect of psyllium on the glycemic and lipid profile The participants were divided into intervention and in non-diabetic patients with PCOS. Although several placebo groups using the stratified-block randomization studies in this area have focused on patients with T2DM, method based on their body mass index (BMI) levels no study has evaluated this effect in patients with PCOS. (BMI ˂18.49, 18.5˂BMI˂24.99, and 25 ˂BMI). The It is likely that hyperinsulinemia is responsible for most participants received 5 g psyllium (intervention group) PCO symptoms (21). Therefore, this study aimed to or microcrystalline cellulose (placebo group) twice a evaluate the effect of supplementation with the viscose day for 8 weeks. In addition, they were asked to solve the fiber of psyllium on blood glucose and insulin levels, as content of each psyllium or placebo sachets in 250 mL of well as lipid profiles and insulin resistance in non-diabetic water and then consume it 30 minutes before breakfast women with PCOS. and dinner twice a day. The dietary intake was evaluated using 3-day food records at weeks 1 and 7. The sachets Materials and Methods of psyllium and placebo were delivered biweekly and the Study Design patient’s compliance was assessed by checking the number This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- of envelopes returned on each visit. controlled trial was conducted on non-diabetic women The body composition measures including height, with PCOS. The possible side effects of taking psyllium weight, BMI, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal were explained to the patients, including stomach pain, muscle mass (SMM), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and headache (22). measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device However, psyllium is a laxative agent with good safety, (BIA) before and after the intervention (InBody 770-BIA). which has been used for many years (23). After explaining the study conditions, participants gave written informed Blood Sampling consent. Moreover, they were assured of the confidentiality FBS, insulin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • COMFORCLEANSE Item No
    COMFORCLEANSE Item No. 320402 Size: 150 ct AUST L 193422 VEGAN PRODUCT SUMMARY & BACKGROUND ComforCleanse™ is an effective combination of herbs and essential oils that aids in the relief of constipation and helps reduce the occurrence of constipation. It effectively combines healthy fibre, minerals, herbs and essential oils to cleanse and balance. Conveniently packaged in capsule form, ComforCleanse also contains Cascara sagrada bark and psyllium. The colon is the final component of the digestive tract; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body. Although the bowel is comprised of the small and the large intestines, it is commonly used to describe the large intestines, which consist of the colon, the rectum and the anus. Therefore, a ‘bowel problem’ is any problem affecting these parts of the digestive tract. ComforCleanse was formulated to help cleanse and restore balance with the entire bowel in mind. KEY INGREDIENTS Berberis vulgaris, Burdock Root Powder, Chamomile Mentha piperita, pectin, Pimpinella anisum, Psyllium Oil German, Citrus reticulata, Copaiba Oil, Husk Powder, Rheum palmatum, Rosmarinus Echinacea purpurea, Ferula assa-foetida, Foeniculum officinalis, Zingiber officinale vulgare, Frangula purshiana, Garlic Clove Powder, FEATURES BENEFITS • Vegan-friendly formula • Decrease and relieve constipation • Contains Cascara sagrada (Frangula purshiana) • Can be used as a laxative bark traditionally used as a stimulant laxative • Helps reduce occurrence of constipation • Promotes bowel evacuation • Improves bowel waste elimination • Supports normal digestive and colon function WHO SHOULD TAKE COMFORCLEANSE? DIRECTIONS Those suffering from the uncomfortable effects of Adults take 2-3 capsules before breakfast and at constipation bedtime. Drink at least 2L of water throughout the day for best results.
    [Show full text]
  • G.I. Fortify (Capsules) Introduced 2013
    G.I. Fortify (capsules) Introduced 2013 What Is It? Recommendations G.I. Fortify (capsules) is designed to support G.I. health and bowel regularity as well Pure Encapsulations recommends 3-6 capsules daily, in divided doses, with a meal as promote a healthy G.I. environment, detoxification and colon cell function.* and 8-12 oz. water. Uses For G.I. Fortify (capsules) Are There Any Potential Side Effects Or Precautions? G.I. Motility: Psyllium, Plantago indica or blond psyllium, is a valued source of Not to be taken by pregnant or lactating women. Psyllium and flaxseed may cause soluble fiber. Soluble fiber increases stool volume when taken with appropriate gastrointestinal discomfort, including bloating, flatulence, addominal pain or amounts of water, supporting larger and softer stools for healthy bowel diarrhea. In rare cases, psyllium has been associated with headache, backache, movements. As the bulk moves through the intestine, it helps to collect and rhinitis, increased cough, and sinusitis. Psyllium should be consumed with eliminate other waste and toxins from the intestinal walls. This helps to minimize adequate water, as case reports indicate a potential for bowel obstruction when the amount of exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to toxins. Flaxseeds provide it is consumed without water. Rarely, individuals can have an allergic response a source of lignans, fatty acids, and both soluble and insoluble fibers, enhancing to psyllium, with symptoms including runny nose, sneezing, conjunctivitis, skin the gut health potential of this complex.* rash, itching, flushing, chest and throat tightness, congestion, hypotension or G.I. Integrity: l-Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleanse & Lean
    Max Cleanse & Lean Get Lean and Hard! † Lose Weight & Cleanse Your Body!† The research team at Max Muscle has come up with a product that not Size: 100 Capsules only improves your health, but also helps you lose excess weight fast! We Serving Size: 1 Capsule call it Max Cleanse & Lean™ (MCL). MCL offers you a solution to your Servings Per Container: Approx. 100 digestive issues as well as a way to remove excess water and waste from your body. You workout hard to build your body and you want to be able to KEY FEATURES • Get Lean & Hard † see the results every day, that’s what MCL can do. Often stress, poor diet, • Removes Excess Water† and every day issues affect our body’s ability to deal with excess fluid and • Promotes Regularity† waste causing numerous problems. MCL addresses the bloating or excess water that many of us hold just under our skin, in our hips, abs, legs, and KEY MESSAGES feet. MCL helps you naturally release this excess fluid and flush it from • Improves health and promotes quick weight-loss.† your system helping you drop weight and lean up. MCL also helps • Removes subcutaneous water and waste from the body.† promote regularity. Regularity is essential for your health. If you’re backed • Flushes excess fluid from the body.† up then MCL will help you get back on track and, in the process, enable • Promotes regularity.† your body to absorb more nutrients, grow more muscle, and lose • Formulated with the highest quality ingredients more weight.† to help you lean out and look better than ever.† • Patent pending formula designed to help you lose Patent Pending Formula! weight fast while cleansing system of impurities for † MCL was formulated with the highest quality ingredients available to help better health.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heart Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber
    Conclusions. Heart disease continues to be one of the most factors for cardiovascular disease, including blood pressure, weight, widespread health problems in the United States. Fortunately, it is and glucose levels. Not all fibers provide the same cardiovascular ™ also among the most preventable health problems. To that end, benefits; however, and differences among the various types of fibers Expert Views Americans are encouraged to adopt heart-healthy habits, which should be appreciated when choosing a fiber supplement. Psyllium include a healthy diet and regular exercise.7 In addition to being an and oat fibers are the only fibers that have been recognized by the GI HealtH & Wellness | Issue four | february 2011 important part of a healthy diet, dietary fibers provide a number of FDA for their cholesterol-lowering and cardiovascular benefits, while cardiovascular benefits. The cholesterol-lowering benefits of certain other fibers such as calcium polycarbophil are indicated for their fibers (psyllium and oat fibers) as adjunct to a low-fat diet are well- laxation effects. An understanding of these differences should allow features: the heart health benefits of recognized and have been demonstrated in numerous well-controlled physicians and patients to tailor their choice of dietary fiber and fiber trials. Further, dietary fibers have beneficial effects on other key risk supplements to better meet their individual health goals. One dietary fiber CHD Prevalence february Is amerIcan Heart HealtH montH Cholesterol Lowering Benefits Heart
    [Show full text]
  • Various Species, Mainly Aloe Ferox Miller and Its Hybrids)
    European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use London, 5 July 2007 Doc. Ref: EMEA/HMPC/76313/2006 COMMITTEE ON HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS (HMPC) ASSESSMENT REPORT ON ALOE BARABADENSIS MILLER AND ALOE (VARIOUS SPECIES, MAINLY ALOE FEROX MILLER AND ITS HYBRIDS) Aloe barbadensis Miller (barbados aloes) Herbal substance Aloe [various species, mainly Aloe ferox Miller and its hybrids] (cape aloes) the concentrated and dried juice of the leaves, Herbal Preparation standardised; standardised herbal preparations thereof Pharmaceutical forms Herbal substance for oral preparation Rapporteur Dr C. Werner Assessor Dr. B. Merz Superseded 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 75 23 70 51 E-mail: mail@emea.europa.eu http://www.emea.europa.eu ©EMEA 2007 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Clinical Pharmacology 3 II.1 Pharmacokinetics 3 II.1.1 Phytochemical characterisation 3 II.1.2 Absorption, metabolism and excretion 4 II.1.3 Progress of action 5 II.2 Pharmacodynamics 5 II.2.1 Mode of action 5 • Laxative effect 5 • Other effects 7 II.2.2 Interactions 8 III. Clinical Efficacy 9 III.1 Dosage 9 III.2 Clinical studies 9 Conclusion 10 III.3 Clinical studies in special populations 10 III.3.1 Use in children 10 III.3.2. Use during pregnancy and lactation 10 III.3.3. Conclusion 13 III.4 Traditional use 13 IV. Safety 14 IV.1 Genotoxic and carcinogenic risk 14 IV.1.1 Preclinical Data 14 IV.1.2 Clinical Data 18 IV.1.3 Conclusion 20 IV.2 Toxicity 20 IV.3 Contraindications 21 IV.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 21 IV.5 Undesirable effects 22 IV.6 Interactions 22 IV.7 Overdose 23 V.
    [Show full text]
  • And Dose-Dependent Effect of Psyllium on Serum Lipids in Mild-To-Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: a Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 821–827 & 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0954-3007/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL ARTICLE Time- and dose-dependent effect of psyllium on serum lipids in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials Z-h Wei1, H Wang1, X-y Chen, B-s Wang, Z-x Rong, B-s Wang, B-h Su and H-z Chen Department of Pharmacology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Objectives: Evidences from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis have claimed an association between the use of soluble dietary fiber from psyllium and a cholesterol-lowering effect. However, there is still uncertainty as to the dose–response relationship and its long-term lipid-lowering efficacy. This meta-analysis was primarily conducted to address the dose–response relationship between psyllium and serum cholesterol level and time-dependent effect of psyllium in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects. Methods: Twenty-one studies, which enrolled a total of 1030 and 687 subjects receiving psyllium or placebo, respectively, were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials, double blinded or open label, on subjects with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. The dose of psyllium was between 3.0 and 20.4 g per day and intervention period was more than 2 weeks. Any type of diet background was permitted. Diet lead-in period was between 0 and 8 weeks. Results: Compared with placebo, consumption of psyllium lowered serum total cholesterol by 0.375 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.257– 0.494 mmol/l), and LDL cholesterol by 0.278 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.213–0.312 mmol/l).
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Aloe Vera Juice and Isabgol Husk on Microbial Quality of Wheat
    International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(4): 393-397 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(4): 393-397 Impact of Aloe vera juice and isabgol husk on © 2018 IJCS Received: 23-05-2018 microbial quality of wheat flour vermicelli Accepted: 24-06-2018 JM Vaghashiya JM Vaghashiya, Dev Raj, HG Suthar, PB Zinzala and RB Bharai Department of Post-harvest Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Abstract Navsari Agricultural University, The present investigation was aimed to study the impact of Aloe vera juice and isabgol husk in microbial Navsari, Gujarat, India quality of wheat flour vermicelli. Aloe vera based vermicelli were prepared using seventeen treatment formulations of Aloe vera juice (18%, 20%, 22% and 24%), isabgol husk (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) Dev Raj and wheat flour (100% - % Aloe vera juice and % isabgol husk) along with standard formulation (18% Department of Post-harvest water and 82% wheat flour). Prepared vermicelli after cold extrusion were dried in dryer at 50°C Technology, ASPEE College of temperature for 10 min to remove moisture up to 8 % followed by cooling at room temperature, packing Horticulture and Forestry, in PP bags and storage at room temperature for six months for periodical analysis of microbial quality. Navsari Agricultural University, The results of the present investigation indicate that the vermicelli prepared using 24% Aloe vera juice, Navsari, Gujarat, India 1% isabgol husk and 75% wheat flour (F13) were found to resist microbial growth during six month of storage. HG Suthar Department of Post-harvest Keywords: Aloe vera juice, isabgol husk, wheat flour, extruder, vermicelli, water activity, total plate Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, count and storage Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India Introduction Vermicelli is an important cereal based extruded staple food conventionally made from refined PB Zinzala wheat flour using 18-20 % water.
    [Show full text]
  • Herb-Drug Interaction, Herbs, Counseling, Herbal Preparation INTRODUCTION Matter, Etc
    International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 1, Supply 1, Nov.-Dec. 2009 Review Article HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS AND PATIENT COUNSELING MOHAMMAD YAHEYA MOHAMMAD ISMAIL* Dept. of Pharmacy, Higher College of Technology, P.O.Box 74 PC 133, Sultanate of Oman E mail: mohammadyaheya@yahoo.com (*Corresponding author) ABSTRACT Millions of people today use herbal therapies along with prescription and non prescription medications. Although considered natural, many of these herbal therapies can interact with other medications, causing either potentially dangerous side effects and / or reduced benefits from the medication. Currently, there is very little information published on herb-drug interactions whilst the use of herbs is progressively growing across the world. As there is large belief that herbal medicines are safe to use, it needs to be understood that depending on the amount and potency of the pharmacologic principles contained in the herbal preparation, potential exists for herb-drug interaction to occur when the herbal product is consumed with the modern day medicine. It should be understood that herbal preparations contain active phytochemicals in varying proportions which have a tendency like any other active pharmacological substance to alter the enzymatic systems, transporters and / or the physiologic process. The intent of this review is to update on some imminent issues that may arise if the modern medicine is mixed with a suspecting herbal preparation. These situations may arise in our daily lives due to the lack of strict adherence to regular drug prescription practices, unabated use of over the counter drug products and / or self prescription practices. Health-care practitioners should caution patients against mixing herbs and pharmaceutical drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    nature publishing group CLINICAL AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 1 see related editorial on page x The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis REVIEW Paul Moayyedi , BSc, MB, ChB, PhD, MPH, FRCP, FRCPC, AGAF, FACG 1 , Eamonn M.M. Quigley , MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI 2 , Brian E. Lacy , MD, PhD, FACG3 , A n t h o n y J . L e m b o , M D , F A C G 4 , Yu r i A . S a i t o , M D , M P H , F A C G 5 , Lawrence R. Schiller , MD, FACP, FACG6 , E d y E . S o ff er , MD, FACG 7 , Brennan M.R. Spiegel , MD, MSHS, FACG8 and Alexander C. Ford , MB, ChB, MD 9 , 10 OBJECTIVES: Fiber has been used for many years to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This approach had fallen out of favor until a recent resurgence, which was based on new randomized controlled trial (RCT) data that suggested it might be effective. We have previously conducted a systematic review of fi ber in IBS, but new RCT data for fi ber therapy necessitate a new analysis; thus, we have conducted a systematic review of this intervention. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched up to December 2013. Trials recruiting adults with IBS, which compared fi ber supplements with placebo, control therapy, or “ usual management ” , were eligible. Dichotomous symptom data were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR) of remaining symptomatic after therapy as well as number needed to treat (NNT) with a 95 % confi dence interval (CI).
    [Show full text]
  • Plantago Media L.—Explored and Potential Applications of an Underutilized Plant
    plants Review Plantago media L.—Explored and Potential Applications of an Underutilized Plant Radu Claudiu Fierascu 1,2, Irina Fierascu 1,3,* , Alina Ortan 3 and Alina Paunescu 4 1 National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; fierascu.radu@icechim.ro 2 Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania 3 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; alina_ortan@hotmail.com 4 Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pitesti, 1 Targu din Vale Str., Pitesti, 110040 Arges, Romania; alina_paunescu@yahoo.com * Correspondence: dumitriu.irina@yahoo.com Abstract: The search of valuable natural compounds should be directed towards alternative vegetal resources, and to the re-discovery of underutilized plants. Belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, the hoary plantain (Plantago media L.) represents one of the lesser studied species from the Plantago genus. The literature study revealed the under-utilization of the hoary plantain, a surprising aspect, considering its widespread. If the composition of Plantago media L. is rather well established, its applications are not nearly studied as for other Plantago species. The goal of the present paper is to summarize the findings regarding the applications of P. media, and, having as starting point the applications of related species, to propose new emerging areas of research, such as the biomedical applications validation through in vivo assays, and the evaluation of its potential towards indus- trial applications (i.e., development of food or personal care products), pisciculture or zootechny, phytoremediation and other environmental protection applications, or in the nanotechnology area Citation: Fierascu, R.C.; Fierascu, I.; (materials phytosynthesis).
    [Show full text]
  • Herb-Drug Interaction Introduction
    Herb-Drug Interaction Introduction • Herbal drugs are defined as any form of a plant or plant product that contains a single herb or combinations of herbs that are believed to have complementary effects. • Although they are considered to be safe, because they are natural, they may have various adverse effects, and may interact with other herbal products or conventional drugs. These interactions are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices. • Because herbs are sold as food supplements, companies are not required to prove their efficacy. • Side effects or interactions are also not required to be determined or disclosed. • No government agency reviews these products for safety, dosage, or quality. • However, 2621 adverse events associated with dietary supplements, including 101 deaths, were reported to the FDA over a 5-year period. • Multiple ingredients are present in the same bottle. • Products are sometimes mislabeled or misidentified • Potency can vary depending on the climate and soil in which the herbs are grown. Drug-Herb Interactions • Pharmacokinetic interactions : Having to do with absorption, distribution, and metabolism. • Pharmacodynamic interactions: Additive activity meaning that certain herbs increase the actions of certain medications. Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Absorption • Some herbs have hydrocollated carbohydrate components such as gums and mucliage. • These are soluble in water but poorly absorbable. • Examples are psyllium, rhubarb, flaxseed, and marshmallow. • Bind to other drugs, particularly when consumed in their whole or powdered forms. • Psyllium inhibits the absorption of lithium. • Rhubarb and aloe can cause diarrhea which reduces the actions of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index (digoxin, warfarin) Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Distribution • Meadowsweet and black willow contain pain reducing salicylates.
    [Show full text]
  • DAILY FIBER- Psyllium Husks Powder, for Solution CVS Pharmacy, Inc. Disclaimer
    DAILY FIBER- psyllium husks powder, for solution CVS Pharmacy, Inc. Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies. ---------- 1936A - CVS Drug Facts Active ingredient (in each Stick Pack) Psyllium Husk, approximately 3.4 g Purpose Bulk-forming Laxative Uses effective in treating occasional constipation and restoring regularity Warnings Choking: Taking this product without adequate fluid may cause it to swell and block your throat or esophagus and may cause choking. Do not take this product if you have difficulty in swallowing. If you experience chest pain, vomiting, or difficulty in swallowing or breathing after taking this product, seek immediate medical attention. Allergy alert: This product may cause an allergic reaction in people sensitive to inhaled or ingested psyllium. Ask a doctor before use if you have a sudden change in bowel habits persisting for 2 weeks abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting Stop use and ask a doctor if constipation lasts more than 7 days rectal bleeding occurs These may be signs of a serious condition. Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Directions Put one dose into an empty glass. Mix this product (child or adult dose) with at least 8 ounces (a full glass) of water or other fluid. Taking this product without enough liquid may cause choking. See choking warning. Stir briskly and drink promptly. If mixture thickens, add more liquid and stir.
    [Show full text]